@unpublished{deAraujoBatallaVillanuevaBronstert2014, author = {de Araujo, Jose Carlos and Batalla Villanueva, Ramon J. and Bronstert, Axel}, title = {Special issue: analysis and modelling of sediment transfer in Mediterranean river basins}, series = {Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation}, volume = {14}, journal = {Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1439-0108}, doi = {10.1007/s11368-014-1000-7}, pages = {1905 -- 1908}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BruttelFriehe2014, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and Friehe, Tim}, title = {Can short-term incentives induce long-lasting cooperation? Results from a public-goods experiment}, series = {Journal of behavioral and experimental economics}, volume = {53}, journal = {Journal of behavioral and experimental economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {2214-8043}, doi = {10.1016/j.socec.2014.09.001}, pages = {120 -- 130}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This paper investigates whether providing strong cooperation incentives only at the outset of a group interaction spills over to later periods to ensure cooperation in the long run. We study a repeated linear public-good game with punishment opportunities and a parameter change after the first ten (of twenty) rounds. Our data shows that cooperation among subjects who had experienced a higher marginal return on public-good contributions or low punishment costs in rounds 1-10 rapidly deteriorated in rounds 11-20 once these incentives were removed, eventually trending below the level of cooperation in the control group. This suggests the possibility of temporary incentives backfiring in the long run. This paper ties in with the literature highlighting the potentially adverse effects of the use of incentives. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{RohrmannStreckerBookhagenetal.2014, author = {Rohrmann, Alexander and Strecker, Manfred and Bookhagen, Bodo and Mulch, Andreas and Sachse, Dirk and Pingel, Heiko and Alonso, Ricardo N. and Schildgen, Taylor F. and Montero, Carolina}, title = {Can stable isotopes ride out the storms? The role of convection for water isotopes in models, records, and paleoaltimetry studies in the central Andes}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {407}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.021}, pages = {187 -- 195}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{PourteauBousquetVidaletal.2014, author = {Pourteau, Amaury and Bousquet, Romain and Vidal, Olivier and Plunder, Alexis and Duesterhoeft, Erik and Candan, Osman and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland}, title = {Multistage growth of Fe-Mg-carpholite and Fe-Mg-chloritoid, from field evidence to thermodynamic modelling}, series = {Contributions to mineralogy and petrology}, volume = {168}, journal = {Contributions to mineralogy and petrology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0010-7999}, doi = {10.1007/s00410-014-1090-7}, pages = {25}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We provide new insights into the prograde evolution of HP/LT metasedimentary rocks on the basis of detailed petrologic examination, element-partitioning analysis, and thermodynamic modelling of well-preserved Fe-Mg-carpholite- and Fe-Mg-chloritoid-bearing rocks from the Afyon Zone (Anatolia). We document continuous and discontinuous compositional (ferromagnesian substitution) zoning of carpholite (overall X-Mg = 0.27-0.73) and chloritoid (overall X-Mg = 0.07-0.30), as well as clear equilibrium and disequilibrium (i.e., reaction-related) textures involving carpholite and chloritoid, which consistently account for the consistent enrichment in Mg of both minerals through time, and the progressive replacement of carpholite by chloritoid. Mg/Fe distribution coefficients calculated between carpholite and chloritoid vary widely within samples (2.2-20.0). Among this range, only values of 7-11 correlate with equilibrium textures, in agreement with data from the literature. Equilibrium phase diagrams for metapelitic compositions are calculated using a newly modified thermodynamic dataset, including most recent data for carpholite, chloritoid, chlorite, and white mica, as well as further refinements for Fe-carpholite, and both chloritoid end-members, as required to reproduce accurately petrologic observations (phase relations, experimental constraints, Mg/Fe partitioning). Modelling reveals that Mg/Fe partitioning between carpholite and chloritoid is greatly sensitive to temperature and calls for a future evaluation of possible use as a thermometer. In addition, calculations show significant effective bulk composition changes during prograde metamorphism due to the fractionation of chloritoid formed at the expense of carpholite. We retrieve P-T conditions for several carpholite and chloritoid growth stages (1) during prograde stages using unfractionated, bulk-rock XRF analyses, and (2) at peak conditions using compositions fractionated for chloritoid. The P-T paths reconstructed for the Kutahya and Afyon areas shed light on contrasting temperature conditions for these areas during prograde and peak stages.}, language = {en} } @article{GhylinGarciaMoyaetal.2014, author = {Ghylin, Trevor W. and Garcia, Sarahi L. and Moya, Francisco and Oyserman, Ben O. and Schwientek, Patrick and Forest, Katrina T. and Mutschler, James and Dwulit-Smith, Jeffrey and Chan, Leong-Keat and Martinez-Garcia, Manuel and Sczyrba, Alexander and Stepanauskas, Ramunas and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Woyke, Tanja and Warnecke, Falk and Malmstrom, Rex and Bertilsson, Stefan and McMahon, Katherine D.}, title = {Comparative single-cell genomics reveals potential ecological niches for the freshwater acl Actinobacteria lineage}, series = {The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology}, volume = {8}, journal = {The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology}, number = {12}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {1751-7362}, doi = {10.1038/ismej.2014.135}, pages = {2503 -- 2516}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Members of the acI lineage of Actinobacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in most freshwater lakes; however, our understanding of the keys to their success and their role in carbon and nutrient cycling in freshwater systems has been hampered by the lack of pure cultures and genomes. We obtained draft genome assemblies from 11 single cells representing three acI tribes (acI-A1, acI-A7, acI-B1) from four temperate lakes in the United States and Europe. Comparative analysis of acI SAGs and other available freshwater bacterial genomes showed that acI has more gene content directed toward carbohydrate acquisition as compared to Polynucleobacter and LD12 Alphaproteobacteria, which seem to specialize more on carboxylic acids. The acI genomes contain actinorhodopsin as well as some genes involved in anaplerotic carbon fixation indicating the capacity to supplement their known heterotrophic lifestyle. Genome-level differences between the acI-A and acI-B clades suggest specialization at the clade level for carbon substrate acquisition. Overall, the acI genomes appear to be highly streamlined versions of Actinobacteria that include some genes allowing it to take advantage of sunlight and N-rich organic compounds such as polyamines, di-and oligopeptides, branched-chain amino acids and cyanophycin. This work significantly expands the known metabolic potential of the cosmopolitan freshwater acI lineage and its ecological and genetic traits.}, language = {en} } @article{SchleussnerLevermannMeinshausen2014, author = {Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Levermann, Anders and Meinshausen, Malte}, title = {Probabilistic projections of the Atlantic overturning}, series = {Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change}, volume = {127}, journal = {Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0165-0009}, doi = {10.1007/s10584-014-1265-2}, pages = {579 -- 586}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Changes in the Atlantic overturning circulation have a strong influence on European temperatures, North American sea level and other climate phenomena worldwide. A meaningful assessment of associated societal impacts needs to be based on the full range of its possible future evolution. This requires capturing both the uncertainty in future warming pathways and the inherently long-term response of the ocean circulation. While probabilistic projections of the global mean and regional temperatures exist, process-based probabilistic assessments of large-scale dynamical systems such as the Atlantic overturning are still missing. Here we present such an assessment and find that a reduction of more than 50 \% in Atlantic overturning strength by the end of the 21 (s t) century is within the likely range under an unmitigated climate change scenario (RCP8.5). By combining linear response functions derived from comprehensive climate simulations with the full range of possible future warming pathways, we provide probability estimates of overturning changes by the year 2100. A weakening of more than 25 \% is found to be very unlikely under a climate protection scenario (RCP2.6), but likely for unmitigated climate change. The method is able to reproduce the modelled recovery caused by climatic equilibration under climate protection scenarios which provides confidence in the approach. Within this century, a reduction of the Atlantic overturning is a robust climatic phenomena that intensifies with global warming and needs to be accounted for in global adaptation strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{ValesDiasRioetal.2014, author = {Vales, Dina and Dias, Nuno A. and Rio, Ines and Matias, Luis and Silveira, Graca and Madeira, Jose and Weber, Michael H. and Carrilho, Fernando and Haberland, Christian}, title = {Intraplate seismicity across the Cape Verde swell: A contribution from a temporary seismic network}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {636}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2014.09.014}, pages = {325 -- 337}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We present an analysis and characterization of the regional seismicity recorded by a temporary broadband seismic network deployed in the Cape Verde archipelago between November 2007 and September 2008. The detection of earthquakes was based on spectrograms, allowing the discrimination from low-frequency volcanic signals, resulting in 358 events of which 265 were located, the magnitudes usually being smaller than 3. For the location, a new 1-D P-velocity model was derived for the region showing a crust consistent with an oceanic crustal structure. The seismicity is located mostly offshore the westernmost and geologically youngest areas of the archipelago, near the islands of Santo Antao and Sao Vicente in the NW and Brava and Fogo in the SW. The SW cluster has a lower occurrence rate and corresponds to seismicity concentrated mainly along an alignment between Brava and the Cadamosto seamount presenting normal faulting mechanisms. The existence of the NW cluster, located offshore SW of Santo Antao, was so far unknown and concentrates around a recently recognized submarine cone field; this cluster presents focal depths extending from the crust to the upper mantle and suggests volcanic unrest No evident temporal behaviour could be perceived, although the events tend to occur in bursts of activity lasting a few days. In this recording period, no significant activity was detected at Fogo volcano, the most active volcanic edifice in Cape Verde. The seismicity characteristics point mainly to a volcanic origin. The correlation of the recorded seismicity with active volcanic structures agrees with the tendency for a westward migration of volcanic activity in the archipelago as indicated by the geologic record. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{ReiterHeidbachSchmittetal.2014, author = {Reiter, Karsten and Heidbach, Oliver and Schmitt, Douglas and Haug, Kristine and Ziegler, Moritz O. and Moeck, Inga}, title = {A revised crustal stress orientation database for Canada}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {636}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2014.08.006}, pages = {111 -- 124}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Canadian database on contemporary crustal stress has not been revised systematically in the past two decades. Here we present the results of our new compilation that contains 514 new data records for the orientation data of maximum compressive horizontal stress and 188 data records that were re-assessed. In total the Canadian stress database has now 1667 data records, which is an increase of about 45\%. From these data, a new Canadian Stress map as well as one for the Province of Alberta is presented. To analyse the stress pattern, we use the quasi median on the circle as a smoothing algorithm that generates a smoothed stress map of the maximum compressive horizontal stress orientation on a regular grid. The newly introduced quasi interquartile range on the circle estimates the spreading of the data and is used as a measure for the wave-length of the stress pattern. The result of the hybrid wavelength analysis confirms that long spatial wavelength stress patterns (>= 1000 km) exist in large areas in Canada. The observed stress pattern is transmitted through the intra-plate regions. The results reveal that shorter spatial wave length variation of the maximum compressive horizontal stress orientation of less than 200 km, prevails particularly in south-eastern and western Canada. Regional stress sources such as density contrasts, active fault systems, crustal structures, etc. might have a significant impact in these regions. In contrast to these variations, the observed stress pattern in the Alberta Basin is very homogeneous and mainly controlled by plate boundary forces and body forces. The influence of curvature of the Rocky Mountains salient in southern Alberta is minimal. The present-day horizontal stress orientations determined herein have important implications for the production of hydrocarbons and geothermal energy in the Alberta Basin. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{RudolphMohrVontobelOswald2014, author = {Rudolph-Mohr, Nicole and Vontobel, Peter and Oswald, Sascha}, title = {A multi-imaging approach to study the root-soil interface}, series = {Annals of botany}, volume = {114}, journal = {Annals of botany}, number = {8}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0305-7364}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcu200}, pages = {1779 -- 1787}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background and Aims Dynamic processes occurring at the soil-root interface crucially influence soil physical, chemical and biological properties at a local scale around the roots, and are technically challenging to capture in situ. This study presents a novel multi-imaging approach combining fluorescence and neutron radiography that is able to simultaneously monitor root growth, water content distribution, root respiration and root exudation. Methods Germinated seeds of white lupins (Lupinus albus) were planted in boron-free glass rhizotrons. After 11 d, the rhizotrons were wetted from the bottom and time series of fluorescence and neutron images were taken during the subsequent day and night cycles for 13 d. The following day (i.e. 25 d after planting) the rhizotrons were again wetted from the bottom and the measurements were repeated. Fluorescence sensor foils were attached to the inner sides of the glass and measurements of oxygen and pH were made on the basis of fluorescence intensity. The experimental set-up allowed for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and neutron radiography. Key Results The interrelated patterns of root growth and distribution in the soil, root respiration, exudation and water uptake could all be studied non-destructively and at high temporal and spatial resolution. The older parts of the root system with greater root-length density were associated with fast decreases of water content and rapid changes in oxygen concentration. pH values around the roots located in areas with low soil water content were significantly lower than the rest of the root system. Conclusions The results suggest that the combined imaging set-up developed here, incorporating fluorescence intensity measurements, is able to map important biogeochemical parameters in the soil around living plants with a spatial resolution that is sufficiently high enough to relate the patterns observed to the root system.}, language = {en} } @article{CarrapaMustaphaCoscaetal.2014, author = {Carrapa, Barbara and Mustapha, Fariq Shazanee and Cosca, Michael and Gehrels, George and Schoenbohm, Lindsay M. and Sobel, Edward and DeCelles, Peter G. and Russell, Joellen and Goodman, Paul}, title = {Multisystem dating of modern river detritus from Tajikistan and China: Implications for crustal evolution and exhumation of the Pamir}, series = {Lithosphere}, volume = {6}, journal = {Lithosphere}, number = {6}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder}, issn = {1941-8264}, doi = {10.1130/L360.1}, pages = {443 -- 455}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Pamir is the western continuation of Tibet and the site of some of the highest mountains on Earth, yet comparatively little is known about its crustal and tectonic evolution and erosional history. Both Tibet and the Pamir are characterized by similar terranes and sutures that can be correlated along strike, although the details of such correlations remain controversial. The erosional history of the Pamir with respect to Tibet is significantly different as well: Most of Tibet has been characterized by internal drainage and low erosion rates since the early Cenozoic; in contrast, the Pamir is externally drained and topographically more rugged, and it has a strongly asymmetric drainage pattern. Here, we report 700 new U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope determinations and >300 Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from detrital minerals derived from rivers in China draining the northeastern Pamir and >1000 apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from 12 rivers in Tajikistan and China draining the northeastern, central, and southern Pamir. U-Pb ages from rivers draining the northeastern Pamir are Mesozoic to Proterozoic and show affinity with the Songpan-Ganzi terrane of northern Tibet, whereas rivers draining the central and southern Pamir are mainly Mesozoic and show some affinity with the Qiangtang terrane of central Tibet. The epsilon(Hf) values are juvenile, between 15 and -5, for the northeastern Pamir and juvenile to moderately evolved, between 10 and -40, for the central and southern Pamir. Detrital mica Ar-40/Ar-39 ages for the northeastern Pamir (eastern drainages) are generally older than ages from the central and southern Pamir (western drainages), indicating younger or lower-magnitude exhumation of the northeastern Pamir compared to the central and southern Pamir. AFT data show strong Miocene-Pliocene signals at the orogen scale, indicating rapid erosion at the regional scale. Despite localized exhumation of the Mustagh-Ata and Kongur-Shan domes, average erosion rates for the northeastern Pamir are up to one order of magnitude lower than erosion rates recorded by the central and southern Pamir. Deeper exhumation of the central and southern Pamir is associated with tectonic exhumation of central Pamir domes. Deeper exhumation coincides with western and asymmetric drainages and with higher precipitation today, suggesting an orographic effect on exhumation. A younging-southward trend of cooling ages may reflect tectonic processes. Overall, cooling ages derived from the Pamir are younger than ages recorded in Tibet, indicating younger and higher magnitudes of erosion in the Pamir.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RehmanTsujimoriOkamotoetal.2014, author = {Rehman, Hafiz Ur and Tsujimori, Tatsuki and Okamoto, Kazuaki and Spengler, Dirk}, title = {Petrogenesis and chemogenesis of oceanic and continental orogens in Asia: Current topics, Part I Preface}, series = {The island arc}, volume = {23}, journal = {The island arc}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1038-4871}, doi = {10.1111/iar.12097}, pages = {251 -- 253}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{CraddockKirbyZhangetal.2014, author = {Craddock, William H. and Kirby, Eric and Zhang, Huiping and Clark, Marin K. and Champagnac, Jean-Daniel and Yuan, Daoyang}, title = {Rates and style of Cenozoic deformation around the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau}, series = {Geosphere}, volume = {10}, journal = {Geosphere}, number = {6}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder}, issn = {1553-040X}, doi = {10.1130/GES01024.1}, pages = {1255 -- 1282}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The northeastern Tibetan Plateau constitutes a transitional region between the low-relief physiographic plateau to the south and the high-relief ranges of the Qilian Shan to the north. Cenozoic deformation across this margin of the plateau is associated with localized growth of fault-cored mountain ranges and associated basins. Herein, we combine detailed structural analysis of the geometry of range-bounding faults and deformation of foreland basin strata with geomorphic and exhumational records of erosion in hangingwall ranges in order to investigate the magnitude, timing, and style of deformation along the two primary fault systems, the Qinghai Nan Shan and the Gonghe Nan Shan. Structural mapping shows that both ranges have developed above imbricate fans of listric thrust faults, which sole into decollements in the middle crust. Restoration of shortening along balanced cross sections suggests a minimum of 0.8-2.2 km and 5.1-6.9 km of shortening, respectively. Growth strata in the associated foreland basin record the onset of deformation on the two fault systems at ca. 6-10 Ma and ca. 7-10 Ma, respectively, and thus our analysis suggests late Cenozoic shortening rates of 0.2 +0.2/-0.1 km/m.y. and 0.7 +0.3/-0.2 km/m.y. along the north and south sides of Gonghe Basin. Along the Qinghai Nan Shan, these rates are similar to late Pleistocene slip rates of similar to 0.10 +/- 0.04 mm/yr, derived from restoration and dating of a deformed alluvial-fan surface. Collectively, our results imply that deformation along both flanks of the doubly vergent Qilian Shan-Nan Shan initiated by ca. 10 Ma and that subsequent shortening has been relatively steady since that time.}, language = {en} } @article{CaoHerzschuhTelfordetal.2014, author = {Cao, Xianyong and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Telford, Richard J. and Ni, Jian}, title = {A modern pollen-climate dataset from China and Mongolia: assessing its potential for climate reconstruction}, series = {Review of palaeobotany and palynology : an international journal}, volume = {211}, journal = {Review of palaeobotany and palynology : an international journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0034-6667}, doi = {10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.08.007}, pages = {87 -- 96}, year = {2014}, abstract = {A modern pollen dataset from China and Mongolia (18-52 degrees N, 74-132 degrees E) is investigated for its potential use in climate reconstructions. The dataset includes 2559 samples, 229 terrestrial pollen taxa and four climatic variables - mean annual precipitation (P-ann): 35-2091 mm, mean annual temperature (T-ann): -12.1-25.8 degrees C, mean temperature in the coldest month (Mt(co).): -33.8-21.7 degrees C, and mean temperature in the warmest month (Mt(wa)): 03-29.8 degrees C. Modern pollen-climate relationships are assessed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), Huisman-Olff-Fresco (HOF) models, the modern analogue technique (MAT), and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS). Results indicate that P-ann is the most important climatic determinant of pollen distribution and the most promising climate variable for reconstructions, as assessed by the coefficient of determination between observed and predicted environmental values (r(2)) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). Mt(co) and Mt(wa) may be reconstructed too, but with caution. Samples from different depositional environments influence the performance of cross-validation differently, with samples from lake sediment-surfaces and moss polsters having the best fit with the lowest RMSEP. The better model performances of MAT are most probably caused by spatial autocorrelation. Accordingly, the WA-PLS models of this dataset are deemed most suitable for reconstructing past climate quantitatively because of their more reliable predictive power. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{MishratAnoopJehangiretal.2014, author = {Mishrat, Praveen K. and Anoop, A. and Jehangir, A. and Prasad, Sushma and Menze, R. and Schettler, Georg and Naumann, R. and Weise, S. and Andersen, N. and Yousuf, A. R. and Gaye, Birgit}, title = {Limnology and modern sedimentation patterns in high altitude Tso Moriri Lake, NW Himalaya - implications for proxy development}, series = {Fundamental and applied limnology : official journal of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology}, volume = {185}, journal = {Fundamental and applied limnology : official journal of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {1863-9135}, doi = {10.1127/fal/2014/0664}, pages = {329 -- 348}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We report the results of our investigations on the catchment area, lake surface sediments, and hydrology of the high altitude alpine Tso Moriri Lake, NW Himalayas (India). Our results indicate that the lake is currently alkaline, and thermally stratified with an oxic bottom layer. Results from hydrochemistry and isotopic composition (delta O-18 and delta D) of inflowing streams and lake waters show that Tso Moriri Lake is an evaporative lake with contributions from both westerly source (snow melt) and Indian summer monsoon precipitation. Geochemical and mineralogical investigations on the catchment and lake surface sediments reveal the presence of authigenic aragonite in modern lake sediment. The lithogenic components reflect the inflow and sorting processes during transport into the lake, whereas the authigenic carbonate fraction can be linked to the changes in ([precipitation+meltwater]/evaporation) (I/E) balance within the lake. The spatial variability in grain size distribution within the lake surface sediments shows that the grain size data can be utilised as a proxy for transport energy and shoreline proximity in the lake basin. We have evaluated the applicability of commonly applied environmentally sensitive proxies (isotopes, mineralogy, weathering indices) for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction in the Tso Moriri Lake. Our results show that the commonly used weathering index (Rb/Sr) is not applicable due to Sr contribution from authigenic carbonates. The useful weathering indices in Tso Moriri Lake are the Si/Al and the Chemical Proxy of Alteration (CPA). Since the carbonates are formed by evaporative processes, their presence and isotopic values can be used as indicators of I/E changes in the lake.}, language = {en} } @article{LambertOberhaensli2014, author = {Lambert, Ian and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland}, title = {Towards more effective risk reduction: Catastrophic tsunami}, series = {Episodes : journal of international geosciences}, volume = {37}, journal = {Episodes : journal of international geosciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {Geological Society of India}, address = {Bangalore}, issn = {0705-3797}, pages = {229 -- 233}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The International Union of Geological Sciences (JUGS) is evaluating whether there are additional geoscientific activities that would be beneficial in helping mitigate the impacts of tsunami. Public concerns about poor decisions and inaction, and advances in computing power and data mining call for new scientific approaches. Three fundamental requirements for mitigating impacts of natural hazards are defined. These are: (1) improvement of process-oriented understanding, (2) adequate monitoring and optimal use of data, and (3) generation of advice based on scientific, technical and socio-economic expertise. International leadership/coordination is also important. To increase the capacity to predict and mitigate the impacts of tsunami and other natural hazards a broad consensus is needed. The main needs include the integration of systematic geological inputs - identifying and studying paleo-tsunami deposits for all subduction zones; optimising coverage and coordination of geodetic and seismic monitoring networks; underpinning decision making at national and international scales by developing appropriate mechanisms for gathering, managing and communicating authoritative scientific and technical advice information; international leadership for coordination and authoritative statements of best approaches. All these suggestions are reflected in the Sendai Agreement, the collective views of the experts at the International Workshop on Natural Hazards, presented later in this volume.}, language = {en} } @article{Bhatt2014, author = {Bhatt, Kaushalendra M.}, title = {Microseisms and its impact on the marine-controlled source electromagnetic signal}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1002/2014JB011024}, pages = {8655 -- 8666}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The marine-controlled source electromagnetic method (mCSEM) is employed for studying the electrical characteristics and fluid contents of sedimentary reservoirs. However, the success rate of the method can be improved significantly by finding the sources of electromagnetic noise and addressing the challenge posed by them at larger offsets where the reservoir signal is often weak. I have studied the mCSEM data and reporting an electromagnetic noise. The strength of the noise is observed 1600 times stronger than the seafloor mCSEM signal at 0.1 Hz. Moreover, the noise and the transmitted mCSEM signals are found coherent in interstation recordings. These readings suggest the severity of the noise. The source investigation presuming the observed noise as an infragravity wave failed to match the response. Then, the role of microseisms is investigated. Microseism causes oscillation of the seafloor and produces electromagnetic disturbances by the dynamics of water. I have used various conditions for a proper discrimination of the noise as microseisms. This mechanism is clearly illustrated with the help of a conceptual diagram. The role of the directionality is part of the study, which is argued for having a significant role in the generation of microseisms. In this paper, a new algorithm is presented and is used for calculating the coherency. The algorithm helps in mapping the coherency value simultaneously in time and frequency domains.}, language = {en} } @article{DuesterhoeftQuinterosOberhaenslietal.2014, author = {Duesterhoeft, Erik and Quinteros, Javier and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Bousquet, Romain and de Capitani, Christian}, title = {Relative impact of mantle densification and eclogitization of slabs on subduction dynamics: A numerical thermodynamic/thermokinematic investigation of metamorphic density evolution}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {637}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2014.09.009}, pages = {20 -- 29}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Understanding the relationships between density and spatio-thermal variations at convergent plate boundaries is important for deciphering the present-day dynamics and evolution of subduction zones. In particular, the interaction between densification due to mineralogical phase transitions and slab pull forces is subject to ongoing investigations. We have developed a two-dimensional subduction zone model that is based on thermodynamic equilibrium assemblage calculations and includes the effects of melting processes on the density distribution in the lithosphere. Our model calculates the "metamorphic density" of rocks as a function of pressure, temperature and chemical composition in a subduction zone down to 250 km. We have used this model to show how the hydration, dehydration, partial melting and fractionation processes of rocks all influence the metamorphic density and greatly depend on the temperature field within the subduction system. These processes are largely neglected by other approaches that reproduce the density distribution within this complex tectonic setting. Our model demonstrates that the initiation of edogitization (i.e., when crustal rocks reach higher densities than the ambient mantle) of the slab is not the only significant process that makes the descending slab denser and generates the slab pull force. Instead, the densification of the lithospheric mantle of the sinking slab starts earlier than eclogitization and contributes significantly to slab pull in the early stages of subduction. Accordingly, the complex metamorphic structure of the slab and the mantle wedge has an important impact on the development of subduction zones. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{MuksinHaberlandNukmanetal.2014, author = {Muksin, Umar and Haberland, Christian and Nukman, Mochamad and Bauer, Klaus and Weber, Michael H.}, title = {Detailed fault structure of the Tarutung Pull-Apart Basin in Sumatra, Indonesia, derived from local earthquake data}, series = {Journal of Asian earth sciences}, volume = {96}, journal = {Journal of Asian earth sciences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1367-9120}, doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.09.009}, pages = {123 -- 131}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Tarutung Basin is located at a right step-over in the northern central segment of the dextral strike-slip Sumatran Fault System (SFS). Details of the fault structure along the Tarutung Basin are derived from the relocations of seismicity as well as from focal mechanism and structural geology. The seismicity distribution derived by a 3D inversion for hypocenter relocation is clustered according to a fault-like seismicity distribution. The seismicity is relocated with a double-difference technique (HYPODD) involving the waveform cross-correlations. We used 46,904 and 3191 arrival differences obtained from catalogue data and cross-correlation analysis, respectively. Focal mechanisms of events were analyzed by applying a grid search method (HASH code). Although there is no significant shift of the hypocenters (10.8 m in average) and centroids (167 m in average), the application of the double difference relocation sharpens the earthquake distribution. The earthquake lineation reflects the fault system, the extensional duplex fault system, and the negative flower structure within the Tarutung Basin. The focal mechanisms of events at the edge of the basin are dominantly of strike-slip type representing the dextral strike-slip Sumatran Fault System. The almost north south striking normal fault events along extensional zones beneath the basin correlate with the maximum principal stress direction which is the direction of the Indo-Australian plate motion. The extensional zones form an en-echelon pattern indicated by the presence of strike-slip faults striking NE SW to NW SE events. The detailed characteristics of the fault system derived from the seismological study are also corroborated by structural geology at the surface. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Maghsoudi2014, author = {Maghsoudi, Samira}, title = {Spatiotemporal microseismicity patterns and detection performance in mining environments}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {104 S.}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tian2014, author = {Tian, Fang}, title = {Vegetation and environmental changes on millennial, centennial and decadal time-scales in central Mongolia and their driving forces}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {139}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gassmoeller2014, author = {Gaßm{\"o}ller, Ren{\´e}}, title = {The interaction of subducted slabs and plume generation zones in geodynamic models}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {158}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cao2014, author = {Cao, Xianyong}, title = {Vegetation and climate change in eastern continental Asia during the last 22 ka inferred from pollen data synthesis}, pages = {156}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Borchardt2014, author = {Borchardt, Sven}, title = {Rainfall, weathering and erosion}, pages = {x, 90}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tympel2014, author = {Tympel, Jens G{\"u}nter}, title = {Numerical modeling of the Cenozoic Pamir-Tien Shan orogeny}, pages = {168}, year = {2014}, language = {en} }