@article{TritschlerDelgadoLopezUmbachetal.2022, author = {Tritschler, Ulrich and Delgado L{\´o}pez, Jos{\´e} Manuel and Umbach, Tobias R. and Van Driessche, Alexander E. S. and Schlaad, Helmut and C{\"o}lfen, Helmut and Kellermeier, Matthias}, title = {Oriented attachment and aggregation as a viable pathway to self-assembled organic/inorganic hybrid materials}, series = {CrystEngComm}, volume = {24}, journal = {CrystEngComm}, number = {36}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {London}, issn = {1466-8033}, doi = {10.1039/d2ce00447j}, pages = {6320 -- 6329}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Organic-inorganic composite materials with tailored properties can be designed in the lab through bioinspired approaches. In this context, we exploited the particle-based crystallisation process of calcium sulfate, a technologically important mineral, to hybridise inorganic and organic matter. We identified and synthesised an organic polymer showing strong affinity to bind to the surfaces of mineral precursors as well as intrinsic tendency to self-organise. Subsequently, polymer-coated building units were allowed to self-assemble via oriented attachment, aggregation and phase transformation, which produced ordered superstructures where the organic polymer is intercalated between the subunits and surrounds the hybrid core as a shell. This specific architecture across multiple length scales leads to unique mechanical properties, comparable to those of natural biominerals. Thus, our results devise a straightforward pathway to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid structures via bottom-up self-assembly processes innate to the crystallisation of the inorganic phase. This approach can likely be transferred to other inorganic minerals, affording next-generation materials for applications in the construction sector, biomedicine and beyond.}, language = {en} } @article{GlawKohlerHawlitscheketal.2021, author = {Glaw, Frank and Kohler, Jorn and Hawlitschek, Oliver and Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M. and Rakotoarison, Andolalao and Scherz, Mark D. and Vences, Miguel}, title = {Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {SPringer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Evolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world's smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout-vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout-vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.914.9\% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles.}, language = {en} } @article{WicaksonoEgamberdievaBergetal.2022, author = {Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi and Egamberdieva, Dilfuza and Berg, Christian and Mora, Maximilian and Kusstatscher, Peter and Cernava, Tomislav and Berg, Gabriele}, title = {Function-based rhizosphere assembly along a gradient of desiccation in the former Aral Sea}, series = {mSystems}, volume = {7}, journal = {mSystems}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {2379-5077}, doi = {10.1128/msystems.00739-22}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the largest human-made environmental regional disasters. The salt- and toxin-enriched dried-out basin provides a natural laboratory for studying ecosystem functioning and rhizosphere assembly under extreme anthropogenic conditions. Here, we investigated the prokaryotic rhizosphere communities of the native pioneer plant Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. in comparison to bulk soil across a gradient of desiccation (5, 10, and 40 years) by metagenome and amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The rhizosphere effect was evident due to significantly higher bacterial abundances but less diversity in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Interestingly, in the highest salinity (5 years of desiccation), rhizosphere functions were mainly provided by archaeal communities. Along the desiccation gradient, we observed a significant change in the rhizosphere microbiota, which was reflected by (i) a decreasing archaeon-bacterium ratio, (ii) replacement of halophilic archaea by specific plant-associated bacteria, i.e., Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and (iii) an adaptation of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways. In general, both bacteria and archaea were found to be involved in carbon cycling and fixation, as well as methane and nitrogen metabolism. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) showed specific signatures for production of osmoprotectants, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and transport system induction. Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere assembly by cofiltering specific taxa with distinct traits is a mechanism which allows plants to thrive under extreme conditions. Overall, our findings highlight a function-based rhizosphere assembly, the importance of plant-microbe interactions in salinated soils, and their exploitation potential for ecosystem restoration approaches.IMPORTANCE The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. Here, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in the rhizosphere of pioneer plants by combining classic molecular methods with amplicon sequencing as well as metagenomics for functional insights. By implementing a desiccation gradient, we observed (i) remarkable differences in the archaeon-bacterium ratio of plant rhizosphere samples, (ii) replacement of archaeal indicator taxa during succession, and (iii) the presence of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways in archaea present during the early stages. In addition, our results provide hitherto-undescribed insights into the functional redundancy between plant-associated archaea and bacteria. The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin.}, language = {en} } @article{ObermannSanchezPastorWuetal.2022, author = {Obermann, Anne and Sanchez-Pastor, Pilar and Wu, Sin-Mei and Wollin, Christopher and Baird, Alan F. and Isken, Marius Paul and Clinton, John and Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P. and Dahm, Torsten and W{\"u}stefeld, Andreas and Shi, Peidong and Lanza, Federica and Gyger, Lea and Wetter, Selina and Hjorleifsdottir, Vala and Langet, Nadege and Brynjarsson, Baldur and Jousset, Philippe and Wiemer, Stefan}, title = {Combined large-N seismic arrays and DAS fiber optic cables across the Hengill geothermal field, Iceland}, series = {Seismological research letters}, volume = {93}, journal = {Seismological research letters}, number = {5}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, issn = {0895-0695}, doi = {10.1785/0220220073}, pages = {2498 -- 2514}, year = {2022}, abstract = {From June to August 2021, we deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlio geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, we recorded distributed acoustic sensing data along two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant with commercial interrogators. During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant. Here, we describe the network and the recorded datasets. Furthermore, we showsome initial results that indicate a high data quality and highlight the potential of the seismic records for various follow up studies, such as high-resolution event location to delineate faults and body- and surface-wave tomographies to image the subsurface velocity structure in great detail.}, language = {en} } @article{VyseHerzschuhPfalzetal.2021, author = {Vyse, Stuart A. and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Pfalz, Gregor and Pestryakova, Lyudmila A. and Diekmann, Bernhard and Nowaczyk, Norbert and Biskaborn, Boris K.}, title = {Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {18}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, number = {16}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1726-4170}, doi = {10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021}, pages = {4791 -- 4816}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.}, language = {en} } @article{AlemannoD'AmoreMaturillietal.2022, author = {Alemanno, Giulia and D'Amore, Maddalena and Maturilli, Alessandro and Helbert, Joern and Arnold, Gabriele and Korablev, Oleg and Ignatiev, Nikolay and Grigoriev, Alexei and Shakun, Alexey and Trokhimovskiy, Alexander}, title = {Martian atmospheric spectral end-members retrieval from ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) data}, series = {JGR / Planets}, volume = {127}, journal = {JGR / Planets}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-9097}, doi = {10.1029/2022JE007429}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years.}, language = {en} } @article{SedaghatmehrStueweMuellerRoeberetal.2022, author = {Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh and St{\"u}we, Benno and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Balazadeh, Salma}, title = {Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6}, series = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {73}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, number = {18}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-0957}, doi = {10.1093/jxb/erac257}, pages = {6394 -- 6404}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The transcription factor HSFA2 fine-tunes a balance between prolongation and resetting of thermomemory in Arabidopsis via the regulation of both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes. Plants 'memorize' stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants 'reset' or 'forget' memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process. Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants. Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory.}, language = {en} } @article{SchachnerSchwarzenthalMoffittetal.2021, author = {Schachner, Maja K. and Schwarzenthal, Miriam and Moffitt, Ursula and Civitillo, Sauro and Juang, Linda}, title = {Capturing a nuanced picture of classroom cultural diversity climate}, series = {Contemporary educational psychology}, volume = {65}, journal = {Contemporary educational psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0361-476X}, doi = {10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101971}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {As cultural diversity is increasing around the globe, a more nuanced understanding of the cultural diversity climate in classroom settings is needed, including how its different aspects relate to student outcomes. We developed the Classroom Cultural Diversity Climate Scale (CCDCS), integrating theory and research from social psychology and multicultural education and including novel facets like polyculturalism, which has not been studied in the school context before. We then studied associations with intergroup relations, socio-emotional adjustment, and school achievement among students of immigrant and non-immigrant background at the individual and classroom levels. The scale includes six subscales in the two broad dimensions of equality and inclusion: contact and cooperation, (un)equal treatment, and color-evasion, and cultural pluralism: heritage and intercultural learning, critical consciousness, and polyculturalism. Using data from 1,335 secondary school students in Germany (Mage = 14.7; 51\% male; 51\% immigrant background), the scale demonstrated measurement invariance by immigrant background, gender, and school track, and reliability at individual and classroom levels. A more positive diversity climate, with better intercultural relations (equality and inclusion) and more opportunities to learn about cultural diversity (cultural pluralism), was associated with more positive student outcomes. Interestingly, polyculturalism was not associated with negative effects observed for other facets of cultural pluralism. Relations for different climate aspects also varied by outcome and students' immigrant background. This underscores the importance of a nuanced perspective when evaluating different approaches to cultural diversity in context.}, language = {en} } @article{JeitlerRothSteckhanetal.2022, author = {Jeitler, Michael and Roth, Sandra and Steckhan, Nico and Meier, Larissa and Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A. and Kandil, Farid and Ostermann, Thomas and Stange, Rainer and Kessler, Christian S. and Brinkhaus, Benno and Michalsen, Andreas}, title = {Therapeutic phlebotomy in patients with grade 1 hypertension: a randomized-controlled trial}, series = {Journal of integrative and complementary medicine}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of integrative and complementary medicine}, number = {6}, publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers}, address = {New Rochelle, NY}, issn = {2768-3605}, doi = {10.1089/jicm.2021.0396}, pages = {530 -- 539}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aim: Study aim was to investigate the effects of therapeutic phlebotomy on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with grade 1 hypertension. Methods: In this randomized-controlled intervention study, patients with unmedicated hypertension grade 1 were randomized into an intervention group (phlebotomy group; 500 mL bloodletting at baseline and after 6 weeks) and a control group (waiting list) and followed up for 8 weeks. Primary endpoint was the 24-h ambulatory mean arterial pressure between the intervention and control groups after 8 weeks. Secondary outcome parameters included ambulatory/resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and selected laboratory parameters (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin). Resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure/heart rate and blood count were also assessed at 6 weeks before the second phlebotomy to ensure safety. A per-protocol analysis was performed. Results: Fifty-three hypertension participants (56.7 +/- 10.5 years) were included in the analysis (n = 25 intervention group, n = 28 control group). The ambulatory measured mean arterial pressure decreased by -1.12 +/- 5.16mmHg in the intervention group and increased by 0.43 +/- 3.82mmHg in the control group (between-group difference: -1.55 +/- 4.46, p = 0.22). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin showed more pronounced reductions in the intervention group in comparison with the control group, with significant between-group differences. Subgroup analysis showed trends regarding the effects on different groups classified by serum ferritin concentration, body mass index, age, and sex. Two adverse events (AEs) (anemia and dizziness) occurred in association with the phlebotomy, but no serious AEs. Conclusions: Study results showed that therapeutic phlebotomy resulted in only minimal reductions of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement values in patients with unmedicated grade 1 hypertension. Further high-quality clinical studies are warranted, as this finding contradicts the results of other studies.}, language = {en} } @article{HuelscherSobelVerwateretal.2021, author = {Huelscher, Julian and Sobel, Edward R. and Verwater, Vincent and Gross, Philip and Chew, David and Bernhardt, Anne}, title = {Detrital apatite geochemistry and thermochronology from the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine foreland record the early exhumation of the Tauern Window}, series = {Basin research}, volume = {33}, journal = {Basin research}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0950-091X}, doi = {10.1111/bre.12593}, pages = {3021 -- 3044}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The early exhumation history of the Tauern Window in the European Eastern Alps and its surface expression is poorly dated and quantified, partly because thermochronological and provenance information are sparse from the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. For the first time, we combine a single-grain double-dating approach (Apatite Fission Track and U-Pb dating) with trace-element geochemistry analysis on the same apatites to reconstruct the provenance and exhumation history of the late Oligocene/early Miocene Eastern Alps. The results from 22 samples from the Chattian to Burdigalian sedimentary infill of the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin were integrated with a 3D seismic-reflection data set and published stratigraphic reports. Our highly discriminative data set indicates an increasing proportion of apatites (from 6\% to 23\%) with Sr/Y values <0.1 up-section and an increasing amount of apatites (from 24\% to 38\%) containing >1,000 ppm light rare-earth elements from Chattian to Burdigalian time. The number of U-Pb ages with acceptable uncertainties increases from 40\% to 59\% up-section, with mostly late Variscan/Permian ages, while an increasing number of grains (10\%-27\%) have Eocene or younger apatite fission track cooling ages. The changes in the apatite trace-element geochemistry and U-Pb data mirror increased sediment input from an >= upper amphibolite-facies metamorphic source of late Variscan/Permian age - probably the otztal-Bundschuh nappe system - accompanied by increasing exhumation rates indicated by decreasing apatite fission track lag times. We attribute these changes to the surface response to upright folding and doming in the Penninic units of the future Tauern Window starting at 29-27 Ma. This early period of exhumation (0.3-0.6 mm/a) is triggered by early Adriatic indentation along the Giudicarie Fault System.}, language = {en} } @article{ChenSuLiuetal.2021, author = {Chen, Jialin and Su, Yingna and Liu, Rui and Kliem, Bernhard and Zhang, Qingmin and Ji, Haisheng and Liu, Tie}, title = {Partial eruption, confinement, and twist buildup and release of a double-decker filament}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics.}, volume = {923}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics.}, number = {2}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ba1}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We investigate the failed partial eruption of a filament system in NOAA AR 12104 on 2014 July 5, using multiwavelength EUV, magnetogram, and H alpha observations, as well as magnetic field modeling. The filament system consists of two almost co-spatial segments with different end points, both resembling a C shape. Following an ejection and a precursor flare related to flux cancellation, only the upper segment rises and then displays a prominent twisted structure, while rolling over toward its footpoints. The lower segment remains undisturbed, indicating that the system possesses a double-decker structure. The erupted segment ends up with a reverse-C shape, with material draining toward its footpoints, while losing its twist. Using the flux rope insertion method, we construct a model of the source region that qualitatively reproduces key elements of the observed evolution. At the eruption onset, the model consists of a flux rope atop a flux bundle with negligible twist, which is consistent with the observational interpretation that the filament possesses a double-decker structure. The flux rope reaches the critical height of the torus instability during its initial relaxation, while the lower flux bundle remains in stable equilibrium. The eruption terminates when the flux rope reaches a dome-shaped quasi-separatrix layer that is reminiscent of a magnetic fan surface, although no magnetic null is found. The flux rope is destroyed by reconnection with the confining overlying flux above the dome, transferring its twist in the process.}, language = {en} } @article{SilveriiMaccaferriRichteretal.2021, author = {Silverii, Francesca and Maccaferri, Francesco and Richter, Gudrun and Gonzalez Cansado, Borja and Wang, Rongjiang and Hainzl, Sebastian and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Poroelastic model in a vertically sealed gas storage}, series = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, volume = {227}, journal = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggab268}, pages = {1322 -- 1338}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Natural gas can be temporarily stored in a variety of underground facilities, such as depleted gas and oil fields, natural aquifers and caverns in salt rocks. Being extensively monitored during operations, these systems provide a favourable opportunity to investigate how pressure varies in time and space and possibly induces/triggers earthquakes on nearby faults. Elaborate and detailed numerical modelling techniques are often applied to study gas reservoirs. Here we show the possibilities and discuss the limitations of a flexible and easily formulated tool that can be straightforwardly applied to simulate temporal pore-pressure variations and study the relation with recorded microseismic events. We use the software POEL (POroELastic diffusion and deformation) which computes the poroelastic response to fluid injection/extraction in a horizontally layered poroelastic structure. We further develop its application to address the presence of vertical impermeable faults bounding the reservoir and of multiple injection/extraction sources. Exploiting available information on the reservoir geometry and physical parameters, and records of injection/extraction rates for a gas reservoir in southern Europe, we perform an extensive parametric study considering different model configurations. Comparing modelled spatiotemporal pore-pressure variations with in situ measurements, we show that the inclusion of vertical impermeable faults provides an improvement in reproducing the observations and results in pore-pressure accumulation near the faults and in a variation of the temporal pore-pressure diffusion pattern. To study the relation between gas storage activity and recorded local microseismicity, we applied different seismicity models based on the estimated porepressure distribution. This analysis helps to understand the spatial distribution of seismicity and its temporal modulation. The results show that the observed microseismicity could be partly linked to the storage activity, but the contribution of tectonic background seismicity cannot be excluded.}, language = {en} } @article{Demske2022, author = {Demske, Ulrike}, title = {Variation across newspapers in Early Modern German}, series = {Journal of historical syntax}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of historical syntax}, publisher = {University of Konstanz}, address = {Konstanz}, issn = {2163-6001}, doi = {10.18148/hs/2022.v6i13-18.136}, pages = {1 -- 36}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The administrative language used in imperial and city chanceries illustrates formal language use in the Early Modern period, as most evident in its syntactic complexity. Since administrative language was considered prestigious by the literate people of the time, the syntactic features in question are increasingly found in other text types as well (L{\"o}tscher 1995, Schwitalla 2002). The present paper investigates early newspapers published in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to evalute their degree of syntactic complexity and hence the extent of formal language used. Contrary to common belief (Admoni 1980, von Polenz 2013), it will be shown that early newspapers do not allow a uniform assessment in terms of their syntactic complexity, when they emerge as a new genre in the seventeenth century: some news segments display a fairly simple syntax, whereas others are of high syntactic complexity. By the end of the eighteenth century, the growing conventionalization of the new genre as well as the impact of standardization processes render newspapers much more balanced in terms of syntactic complexity. Unlike previous work on the syntactic complexity of newspaper language, the measurement of syntactic complexity takes into account not only sentence length and the relationship between independent and dependent clauses, but also the placement of adverbial clauses in relation to their associated clause.}, language = {en} } @article{BueyuekakpınarCescaHainzletal.2021, author = {B{\"u}y{\"u}kakp{\i}nar, P{\i}nar and Cesca, Simone and Hainzl, Sebastian and Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza and Heimann, Sebastian and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Reservoir-triggered earthquakes around the Atat{\"u}rk Dam (Southeastern Turkey)}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.663385}, pages = {18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Reservoir-triggered seismicity has been observed near dams during construction, impoundment, and cyclic filling in many parts of the earth. In Turkey, the number of dams has increased substantially over the last decade, with Ataturk Dam being the largest dam in Turkey with a total water capacity of 48.7 billion m(3). After the construction of the dam, the monitoring network has improved. Considering earthquakes above the long-term completeness magnitude of M-C = 3.5, the local seismicity rate has substantially increased after the filling of the reservoir. Recently, two damaging earthquakes of M-w 5.5 and M-w 5.1 occurred in the town of Samsat near the Ataturk Reservoir in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In this study, we analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity and its source properties in relation to the temporal water-level variations and the stresses resulting from surface loading and pore-pressure diffusion. We find that water-level and seismicity rate are anti-correlated, which is explained by the stabilization effect of the gravitational induced stress imposed by water loading on the local faults. On the other hand, we find that the overall effective stress in the seismogenic zone increased over decades due to pore-pressure diffusion, explaining the enhanced background seismicity during recent years. Additionally, we observe a progressive decrease of the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Our results indicate that the stressing rate finally focused on the region where the two damaging earthquakes occurred in 2017 and 2018.}, language = {en} } @article{GostkowskaLeknerKojdaHoffmannetal.2022, author = {Gostkowska-Lekner, Natalia and Kojda, Sandrino Danny and Hoffmann, Jan-Ekkehard and May, Manfred and Huber, Patrick and Habicht, Klaus and Hofmann, Tommy}, title = {Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids based on the conjugated polymer P3HT and mesoporous silicon}, series = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials}, volume = {343}, journal = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1387-1811}, doi = {10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.112155}, pages = {6}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Organic-inorganic hybrids are a class of functional materials that combine favorable properties of their constituents to achieve an overall improved performance for a wide range of applications. This article presents the synthesis route for P3HT-porous silicon hybrids for thermoelectric applications. The conjugated polymer P3HT is incorporated into the porous silicon matrix by means of melt infiltration. Gravimetry, sorption isotherms and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping indicate that the organic molecules occupy more than 50\% of the void space in the inorganic host. We demonstrate that subsequent diffusion-based doping of the confined polymer in a FeCl3 solution increases the electrical conductivity of the hybrid by five orders of magnitude compared to the empty porous silicon host.}, language = {en} } @article{BartschPointnerNitzeetal.2021, author = {Bartsch, Annett and Pointner, Georg and Nitze, Ingmar and Efimova, Aleksandra and Jakober, Dan and Ley, Sarah and H{\"o}gstr{\"o}m, Elin and Grosse, Guido and Schweitzer, Peter}, title = {Expanding infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts}, series = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176}, pages = {22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, approximate to 6.2 Mio km(2)), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016-2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km(2) constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016-2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8\%-48\% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78\%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47\% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15\% (180 km(2)) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31\% and 5\% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55\% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 C-circle ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw.}, language = {en} } @article{HofmannKojdaHaseebetal.2021, author = {Hofmann, Tommy and Kojda, Sandrino Danny and Haseeb, Haider and Wallacher, Dirk and Sobolev, Oleg and Habicht, Klaus}, title = {Phonons in highly-crystalline mesoporous silicon: the absence of phonon-softening upon structuring silicon on sub-10 nanometer length scales}, series = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : the official journal of the International Zeolite Association}, volume = {312}, journal = {Microporous and mesoporous materials : the official journal of the International Zeolite Association}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1387-1811}, doi = {10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110814}, pages = {7}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article presents inelastic thermal neutron scattering experiments probing the phonon dispersion in mesoporous silicon with pores 8 nm across. Scattering studies reveal the energy-momentum relation for transverse and longitudinal phonons along the high symmetry directions , and in the Brillouin zone. The dispersion up to phonon energies of 35 meV unambiguously proves that the phonon group velocities in highly-crystalline silicon are not modified by nanostructuring down to sub-10 nanometer length scales. On these length scales, there is apparently no effect of structuring on the elastic moduli of mesoporous silicon. No evidence can be found for phonon-softening in topologically complex, geometrically disordered mesoporous silicon putting it in contrast to silicon nanotubes and nanoribbons.}, language = {en} } @article{KellerCortinaMuelleretal.2022, author = {Keller, Lena and Cortina, Kai S. and M{\"u}ller, Katharina and Miller, Kevin F.}, title = {Noticing and weighing alternatives in the reflection of regular classroom teaching: evidence of expertise using mobile eye-tracking}, series = {Instructional science : an international journal of learning and cognition}, volume = {50}, journal = {Instructional science : an international journal of learning and cognition}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, issn = {0020-4277}, doi = {10.1007/s11251-021-09570-5}, pages = {251 -- 272}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers' professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers' professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers' lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{RoeserDragerBrykalaetal.2021, author = {Roeser, Patricia and Drager, Nadine and Brykala, Dariusz and Ott, Florian and Pinkerneil, Sylvia and Gierszewski, Piotr and Lindemann, Christin and Plessen, Birgit and Brademann, Brian and Kaszubski, Michal and Fojutowski, Michal and Schwab, Markus J. and Slowinski, Michal and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Brauer, Achim}, title = {Advances in understanding calcite varve formation: new insights from a dual lake monitoring approach in the southern Baltic lowlands}, series = {Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research}, volume = {50}, journal = {Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {0300-9483}, doi = {10.1111/bor.12506}, pages = {419 -- 440}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We revise the conceptual model of calcite varves and present, for the first time, a dual lake monitoring study in two alkaline lakes providing new insights into the seasonal sedimentation processes forming these varves. The study lakes, Tiefer See in NE Germany and Czechowskie in N Poland, have distinct morphology and bathymetry, and therefore, they are ideal to decipher local effects on seasonal deposition. The monitoring setup in both lakes is largely identical and includes instrumental observation of (i) meteorological parameters, (ii) chemical profiling of the lake water column including water sampling, and (iii) sediment trapping at both bi-weekly and monthly intervals. We then compare our monitoring data with varve micro-facies in the sediment record. One main finding is that calcite varves form complex laminae triplets rather than simple couplets as commonly thought. Sedimentation of varve sub-layers in both lakes is largely dependent on the lake mixing dynamics and results from the same seasonality, commencing with diatom blooms in spring turning into a pulse of calcite precipitation in summer and terminating with a re-suspension layer in autumn and winter, composed of calcite patches, plant fragments and benthic diatoms. Despite the common seasonal cycle, the share of each of these depositional phases in the total annual sediment yield is different between the lakes. In Lake Tiefer See calcite sedimentation has the highest yields, whereas in Lake Czechowskie, the so far underestimated re-suspension sub-layer dominates the sediment accumulation. Even in undisturbed varved sediments, re-suspended material becomes integrated in the sediment fabric and makes up an important share of calcite varves. Thus, while the biogeochemical lake cycle defines the varves' autochthonous components and micro-facies, the physical setting plays an important role in determining the varve sub-layers' proportion.}, language = {en} } @article{KorovilaHoehnJungetal.2021, author = {Korovila, Ioanna and Hoehn, Annika and Jung, Tobias and Grune, Tilman and Ott, Christiane}, title = {Reduced liver autophagy in high-fat diet induced liver steatosis in New Zealand obese mice}, series = {Antioxidants : open access journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {Antioxidants : open access journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3921}, doi = {10.3390/antiox10040501}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a consequence of overnutrition caused by high-calorie diets, results in obesity and disturbed lipid homeostasis leading to hepatic lipid droplet formation. Lipid droplets can impair hepatocellular function; therefore, it is of utmost importance to degrade these cellular structures. This requires the normal function of the autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. We demonstrated in NZO mice, a polygenic model of obesity, which were compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice, that a high-fat diet leads to obesity and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. This was accompanied by a loss of autophagy efficiency whereas the activity of lysosomal proteases and the 20S proteasome remained unaffected. The disturbance of cellular protein homeostasis was further demonstrated by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal modified proteins, which are normally prone to degradation. Therefore, we conclude that fat accumulation in the liver due to a high-fat diet is associated with a failure of autophagy and leads to the disturbance of proteostasis. This might further contribute to lipid droplet stabilization and accumulation.}, language = {en} } @article{MohrMangaHelleetal.2021, author = {Mohr, Christian H. and Manga, Michael and Helle, Gerhard and Heinrich, Ingo and Giese, Laura and Korup, Oliver}, title = {Trees talk tremor-wood anatomy and δ13C content reveal contrasting tree-growth responses to earthquakes}, series = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Biogeosciences}, volume = {126}, journal = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Biogeosciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-8953}, doi = {10.1029/2021JG006385}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Large earthquakes can increase the amount of water feeding stream flows, raise groundwater levels, and thus grant plant roots more access to water in water-limited environments. We examine growth and photosynthetic responses of Pine plantations to the Maule M-w 8.8 earthquake in headwater catchments of Chile's Coastal Range. We combine high-resolution wood anatomic (lumen area) and biogeochemical (delta 13C of wood cellulose) proxies of daily to weekly tree growth sampled from trees on floodplains and close to ridge lines. We find that, immediately after the earthquake, at least two out of six tree trees on valley floors had increased lumen area and decreased delta 13C, while trees on hillslopes had a reverse trend. Our results indicate a control of soil water on this response, largely consistent with models that predict how enhanced postseismic vertical soil permeability causes groundwater levels to rise on valley floors, but fall along the ridges. Statistical analysis with boosted regression trees indicates that streamflow discharge gained predictive importance for photosynthetic activity on the ridges, but lost importance on the valley floor after the earthquake. We infer that earthquakes may stimulate ecohydrological conditions favoring tree growth over days to weeks by triggering stomatal opening. The weak and short-lived signals that we identified, however, show that such responses are only valid under water-limited, rather than energy-limited tree, growth. Hence, dendrochronological studies targeted at annual resolution may overlook some earthquake effects on tree vitality.}, language = {en} } @article{SprengelUlbrichtEvansetal.2021, author = {Sprengel, Maximilian and Ulbricht, Alexander and Evans, Alexander and Kromm, Arne and Sommer, Konstantin and Werner, Tiago and Kelleher, Joanne and Bruno, Giovanni and Kannengießer, Thomas}, title = {Towards the optimization of post-laser powder bed fusion stress-relieve treatments of stainless steel 316L}, series = {Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science}, volume = {52}, journal = {Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Boston}, issn = {1073-5623}, doi = {10.1007/s11661-021-06472-6}, pages = {5342 -- 5356}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The use of post-processing heat treatments is often considered a necessary approach to relax high-magnitude residual stresses (RS) formed during the layerwise additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, three heat treatment strategies using temperatures of 450 degrees C, 800 degrees C, and 900 degrees C are applied to austenitic stainless steel 316L samples manufactured by LPBF. These temperatures encompass the suggested lower and upper bounds of heat treatment temperatures of conventionally processed 316L. The relaxation of the RS is characterized by neutron diffraction (ND), and the associated changes of the microstructure are analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower bound heat treatment variant of 450 degrees C for 4 hours exhibited high tensile and compressive RS. When applying subsequent heat treatments, we show that stress gradients are still observed after applying 800 degrees C for 1 hour but almost completely vanish when applying 900 degrees C for 1 hour. The observed near complete relaxation of the RS appears to be closely related to the evolution of the characteristic subgrain solidification cellular microstructure.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumasLeMoigneGareletal.2021, author = {Baumas, Chloe M. J. and Le Moigne, Fr{\´e}d{\´e}ric A. C. and Garel, Marc and Bhairy, Nagib and Guasco, Sophie and Riou, Virginie and Armougom, Fabrice and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Tamburini, Christian}, title = {Mesopelagic microbial carbon production correlates with diversity across different marine particle fractions}, series = {The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology}, volume = {15}, journal = {The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {Basingstoke}, issn = {1751-7362}, doi = {10.1038/s41396-020-00880-z}, pages = {1695 -- 1708}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The vertical flux of marine snow particles significantly reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In the mesopelagic zone, a large proportion of the organic carbon carried by sinking particles dissipates thereby escaping long term sequestration. Particle associated prokaryotes are largely responsible for such organic carbon loss. However, links between this important ecosystem flux and ecological processes such as community development of prokaryotes on different particle fractions (sinking vs. non-sinking) are yet virtually unknown. This prevents accurate predictions of mesopelagic organic carbon loss in response to changing ocean dynamics. Using combined measurements of prokaryotic heterotrophic production rates and species richness in the North Atlantic, we reveal that carbon loss rates and associated microbial richness are drastically different with particle fractions. Our results demonstrate a strong negative correlation between prokaryotic carbon losses and species richness. Such a trend may be related to prokaryotes detaching from fast-sinking particles constantly enriching non-sinking associated communities in the mesopelagic zone. Existing global scale data suggest this negative correlation is a widespread feature of mesopelagic microbes.}, language = {en} } @article{StolleMichaelisXiongetal.2021, author = {Stolle, Claudia and Michaelis, Ingo and Xiong, Chao and Rother, Martin and Usbeck, Thomas and Yamazaki, Yosuke and Rauberg, Jan and Styp-Rekowski, Kevin}, title = {Observing earth's magnetic environment with the GRACE-FO mission}, series = {Earth, planets and space : EPS}, volume = {73}, journal = {Earth, planets and space : EPS}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1880-5981}, doi = {10.1186/s40623-021-01364-w}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite's navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of artificial magnetic disturbances, these observations are valuable assets to characterise the natural variability of Earth's magnetic field. We describe the data pre-processing, the calibration, and characterisation strategy against a high-precision magnetic field model applied to the GRACE-FO magnetic data. During times of geomagnetic quiet conditions, the mean residual to the magnetic model is around 1 nT with standard deviations below 10 nT. The mean difference to data of ESA's Swarm mission, which is dedicated to monitor the Earth's magnetic field, is mainly within +/- 10 nT during conjunctions. The performance of GRACE-FO magnetic data is further discussed on selected scientific examples. During a magnetic storm event in August 2018, GRACE-FO reveals the local time dependence of the magnetospheric ring current signature, which is in good agreement with results from a network of ground magnetic observations. Also, derived field-aligned currents (FACs) are applied to monitor auroral FACs that compare well in amplitude and statistical behaviour for local time, hemisphere, and solar wind conditions to approved earlier findings from other missions including Swarm. On a case event, it is demonstrated that the dual-satellite constellation of GRACE-FO is most suitable to derive the persistence of auroral FACs with scale lengths of 180 km or longer. Due to a relatively larger noise level compared to dedicated magnetic missions, GRACE-FO is especially suitable for high-amplitude event studies. However, GRACE-FO is also sensitive to ionospheric signatures even below the noise level within statistical approaches. The combination with data of dedicated magnetic field missions and other missions carrying non-dedicated magnetometers greatly enhances related scientific perspectives.}, language = {en} } @article{CannoneGuglielminMalfasietal.2021, author = {Cannone, Nicoletta and Guglielmin, Mauro and Malfasi, Francesco and Hubberten, Hans Wolfgang and Wagner, Dirk}, title = {Rapid soil and vegetation changes at regional scale in continental Antarctica}, series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, volume = {394}, journal = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115017}, pages = {16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Antarctica is the last pristine environment on Earth, its biota being adapted to the harsh and extreme polar climate. Until now, soil formation and vegetation development in continental Antarctica were considered very slow due to the extreme conditions of this polar desert. Since the austral summer 2002/2003, a long-term monitoring network of the terrestrial ecosystems (soils, vegetation, active layer thickness) has been established at Victoria Land (VL) across a > 500 km latitudinal gradient of coastal sites (73 degrees -77 degrees S). In only one decade large ecosystem changes were detected. Climate was characterized by a significant increase of thawing degree days in northern VL and of autumn air temperature. No extreme climatic events (such as hot spells) where detected in the study period. Soil chemistry suffered large quantitative changes, clearly indicating rapid pedogenetic processes. In most soils the upper layers exhibited a strong alkalinization (pH increases up to 3 units) and increases in conductivity, anions and cations (in particular of SO4 and Na). The largest changes were observed in soils with low vegetation cover. Statistically significant differences in soil chemistry were detected between soils with high and low vegetation cover, the former showing lower pH, conductivity, Na and Cl. Most plots exhibited changes of total cover, species richness and floristic composition, with vegetation expansion in soils with low vegetation cover and the largest increase recorded at Apostrophe Island (northern VL). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the main trend of vegetation change, with a shift from lower to higher cover and a secondary trend of change associated with a gradient of water availability, consistent with an increase in water instead of snow. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified the trend of change in soil chemistry with increases in pH, conductivity, anions and cations associated with the concomitant decrease in C, N, NO3, PO4. The RDA confirmed that soil changes were associated with a gradient of vegetation change (from low to high cover) as well as of water availability, as already indirectly outlined by the PCA. Field manipulation experiments carried out at five locations of the network between 73 degrees S and 77 degrees S, simulating increases of precipitation from snow or water additions didn't induce changes in soil pH, indicating that pulse events of snow accumulation or melting could not trigger persistent soil pH changes. These data allow hypothesize the occurrence of a main ecosystem change occurring at regional scale at Victoria Land. The slight air warming and its consequences on soil chemistry and vegetation, further highlight the sensitivity of the fragile Antarctic ecosystems to the consequences of even small changes in climate.}, language = {en} } @article{SandifordBruneGlerumetal.2021, author = {Sandiford, Dan and Brune, Sascha and Glerum, Anne and Naliboff, John and Whittaker, Joanne M.}, title = {Kinematics of footwall exhumation at oceanic detachment faults: solid-block rotation and apparent unbending}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2021GC009681}, pages = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Seafloor spreading at slow rates can be accommodated on large-offset oceanic detachment faults (ODFs), that exhume lower crustal and mantle rocks in footwall domes termed oceanic core complexes (OCCs). Footwall rocks experience large rotation during exhumation, yet important aspects of the kinematics-particularly the relative roles of solid-block rotation and flexure-are not clearly understood. Using a high-resolution numerical model, we explore the exhumation kinematics in the footwall beneath an emergent ODF/OCC. A key feature of the models is that footwall motion is dominated by solid-block rotation, accommodated by the nonplanar, concave-down fault interface. A consequence is that curvature measured along the ODF is representative of a neutral stress configuration, rather than a "bent" one. Instead, it is in the subsequent process of "apparent unbending" that significant flexural stresses are developed in the model footwall. The brittle strain associated with apparent unbending is produced dominantly in extension, beneath the OCC, consistent with earthquake clustering observed in the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.}, language = {en} } @article{AryaUmlandtJelkenetal.2021, author = {Arya, Pooja and Umlandt, Maren and Jelken, Joachim and Feldmann, David and Lomadze, Nino and Asmolov, Evgeny S. and Vinogradova, Olga I. and Santer, Svetlana}, title = {Light-induced manipulation of passive and active microparticles}, series = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter}, volume = {44}, journal = {The European physical journal. E, Soft matter}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1292-8941}, doi = {10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00032-x}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We consider sedimented at a solid wall particles that are immersed in water containing small additives of photosensitive ionic surfactants. It is shown that illumination with an appropriate wavelength, a beam intensity profile, shape and size could lead to a variety of dynamic, both unsteady and steady state, configurations of particles. These dynamic, well-controlled and switchable particle patterns at the wall are due to an emerging diffusio-osmotic flow that takes its origin in the adjacent to the wall electrostatic diffuse layer, where the concentration gradients of surfactant are induced by light. The conventional nonporous particles are passive and can move only with already generated flow. However, porous colloids actively participate themselves in the flow generation mechanism at the wall, which also sets their interactions that can be very long ranged. This light-induced diffusio-osmosis opens novel avenues to manipulate colloidal particles and assemble them to various patterns. We show in particular how to create and split optically the confined regions of particles of tunable size and shape, where well-controlled flow-induced forces on the colloids could result in their crystalline packing, formation of dilute lattices of well-separated particles, and other states.}, language = {en} } @article{KoteraAsanoKoteraetal.2022, author = {Kotera, Yasuhiro and Asano, Kenichi and Kotera, Hiromasa and Ohshima, Remi and Rushforth, Annabel}, title = {Mental health of Japanese workers: amotivation mediates self-compassion on mental health problems}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health = IJERPH}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health = IJERPH}, number = {17}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph191710497}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Workplace mental health is a cause for concern in many countries. Globally, 78\% of the workforce experienced impairment of their mental health in 2020. In Japan, more than half of employees are mentally distressed. Previously, research has identified that self-compassion (i.e., being kind and understanding towards oneself) and work motivation were important to their mental health. However, how these three components relate to each other remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between mental health problems, self-compassion and work motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation). A cross-sectional design was employed, where 165 Japanese workers completed self-report scales regarding those three components. A correlation and path analyses were conducted. Mental health problems were positively associated with amotivation and negatively associated with age and self-compassion. While intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation did not mediate the impact of self-compassion on mental health problems, amotivation did. The findings can help managers and organizational psychologists help identify effective approaches to improving work mental health.}, language = {en} } @article{CortezMarinJimenezetal.2022, author = {Cortez, Nicole and Marin, Victor and Jimenez, Veronica A. and Silva, Victor and Leyton, Oscar and Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R. and Schmidt, Bernd and Heydenreich, Matthias and Burgos, Viviana and Duran, Paola and Paz, Cristian}, title = {Drimane sesquiterpene alcohols with activity against Candida yeast obtained by biotransformation with Cladosporium antarcticum}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms232112995}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Fungal biotransformation is an attractive synthetic strategy to produce highly specific compounds with chemical functionality in regions of the carbon skeleton that are not easily activated by conventional organic chemistry methods. In this work, Cladosporium antarcticum isolated from sediments of Glacier Collins in Antarctica was used to obtain novel drimane sesquiterpenoids alcohols with activity against Candida yeast from drimendiol and epidrimendiol. These compounds were produced by the high-yield reduction of polygodial and isotadeonal with NaBH4 in methanol. Cladosporium antarcticum produced two major products from drimendiol, identified as 9 alpha-hydroxydrimendiol (1, 41.4 mg, 19.4\% yield) and 3 beta-hydroxydrimendiol (2, 74.8 mg, 35\% yield), whereas the biotransformation of epidrimendiol yielded only one product, 9 beta-hydroxyepidrimendiol (3, 86.6 mg, 41.6\% yield). The products were purified by column chromatography and their structure elucidated by NMR and MS. The antifungal activity of compounds 1-3 was analyzed against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis, showing that compound 2 has a MIC lower than 15 mu g/mL against the three-pathogenic yeast. In silico studies suggest that a possible mechanism of action for the novel compounds is the inhibition of the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, affecting the ergosterol synthesis.}, language = {en} } @article{SinghAllakaGuptaetal.2022, author = {Singh, Manudeo and Allaka, Satyasri and Gupta, Praveen K. and Patel, Jaiminkumar G. and Sinha, Rajiv}, title = {Deriving wetland-cover types (WCTs) from integration of multispectral indices based on Earth observation data}, series = {Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal devoted to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment}, volume = {194}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal devoted to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment}, number = {12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0167-6369}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-022-10541-7}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The wetland cover is defined as the spatially homogenous region of a wetland attributed to the underlying biophysical conditions such as vegetation, turbidity, hydric soil, and the amount of water. Here, we present a novel method to derive the wetland-cover types (WCTs) combining three commonly used multispectral indices, NDVI, MNDWI, and NDTI, in three large Ramsar wetlands located in different geomorphic and climatic settings across India. These wetlands include the Kaabar Tal, a floodplain wetland in east Ganga Plains, Chilika Lagoon, a coastal wetland in eastern India, and Nal Sarovar in semi-arid western India. The novelty of our approach is that the derived WCTs are stable in space and time, and therefore, a given WCT across different wetlands or within different zones of a large wetland will imply similar underlying biophysical attributes. The WCTs can therefore provide a novel tool for monitoring and change detection of wetland cover types. We have automated the proposed WCT algorithm using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment and by developing ArcGIS tools. The method can be implemented on any wetland and using any multispectral imagery dataset with visible and NIR bands. The proposed methodology is simple yet robust and easy to implement and, therefore, holds significant importance in wetland monitoring and management.}, language = {en} } @article{ChenGarbusowSeboldetal.2022, author = {Chen, Ke and Garbusow, Maria and Sebold, Miriam and Zech, Hilmar G. and Zimmermann, Ulrich and Heinz, Andreas}, title = {Automatic approach behaviors in alcohol dependence: does a cognitive bias modification training affect Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects?}, series = {Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG)}, volume = {81}, journal = {Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG)}, number = {5}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0302-282X}, doi = {10.1159/000526805}, pages = {387 -- 402}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction: Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients. Methods: N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT. Conclusion: A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias.}, language = {en} } @article{TrepkaKellerKrautloheretal.2022, author = {Trepka, Heiko and Keller, Trevor and Krautloher, Maximilian Josef and Xu, J. and Habicht, Klaus and B{\"o}hm, Martin and Keimer, Bernhard and Hepting, Matthias}, title = {Critical magnetic fluctuations in the layered ruthenates Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7}, series = {Physical Review Research / American Physical Society}, volume = {4}, journal = {Physical Review Research / American Physical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2643-1564}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023181}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Materials realizing the XY model in two dimensions are sparse. Here we use neutron triple-axis spectroscopy to investigate the critical static and dynamical magnetic fluctuations in the square-lattice antiferromagnets Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7. We probe the temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic Bragg intensity, the Q width, the amplitude, and the energy width of the magnetic diffuse scattering in the vicinity of the Neel temperature T-N to determine the critical behavior of the magnetic order parameter M, correlation length xi, susceptibility chi, and the characteristic energy Gamma with the corresponding critical exponents beta, nu, gamma, and z, respectively. We find that the critical behaviors of the single-layer compound Ca2RuO4 follow universal scaling laws that are compatible with predictions of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model. The bilayer compound Ca3Ru2O7 is only partly consistent with the 2D XY theory and best described by the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model, which is likely a consequence of the intrabilayer exchange interactions in combination with an orthorhombic single-ion anisotropy. Hence, our results suggest that layered ruthenates are promising solid-state platforms for research on the 2D XY model and the effects of 3D interactions and additional spin-space anisotropies on the magnetic fluctuations.}, language = {en} } @article{GilCoullJonasetal.2022, author = {Gil, Carla Igual and Coull, Bethany M. and Jonas, Wenke and Lippert, Rachel N. and Klaus, Susanne and Ost, Mario}, title = {Mitochondrial stress-induced GFRAL signaling controls diurnal food intake and anxiety-like behavior}, series = {Life Science Alliance}, volume = {5}, journal = {Life Science Alliance}, number = {11}, publisher = {EMBO Press}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {2575-1077}, doi = {10.26508/lsa.202201495}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial stressinduced cytokine that modulates energy balance in an endocrine manner. However, the importance of its brainstem-restricted receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) to mediate endocrine GDF15 signaling to the brain uponmitochondrial dysfunction is still unknown. Using a mouse model with muscle-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, we here show that GFRAL is required for activation of systemic energy metabolism via daytime-restricted anorexia but not responsible for muscle wasting. We further find that muscle mitochondrial stress response involves a GFRAL-dependent induction of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, without elevated corticosterone levels. Finally, we identify that GFRAL signaling governs an anxiety-like behavior in male mice with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, with females showing a less robust GFRAL-dependent anxiety-like phenotype. Together, we here provide novel evidence of a mitochondrial stress-induced muscle-brain crosstalk via the GDF15-GFRAL axis to modulate food intake and anxiogenic behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{PfrommerWerhahnPakmoretal.2022, author = {Pfrommer, Christoph and Werhahn, Maria and Pakmor, Rudiger and Girichidis, Philipp and Simpson, Christine M.}, title = {Simulating radio synchrotron emission in star-forming galaxies}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {515}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac1808}, pages = {4229 -- 4264}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In star-forming galaxies, the far-infrared (FIR) and radio-continuum luminosities obey a tight empirical relation over a large range of star-formation rates (SFR). To understand the physics, we examine magnetohydrodynamic galaxy simulations, which follow the genesis of cosmic ray (CR) protons at supernovae and their advective and anisotropic diffusive transport. We show that gravitational collapse of the proto-galaxy generates a corrugated accretion shock, which injects turbulence and drives a small-scale magnetic dynamo. As the shock propagates outwards and the associated turbulence decays, the large velocity shear between the supersonically rotating cool disc with respect to the (partially) pressure-supported hot circumgalactic medium excites Kelvin-Helmholtz surface and body modes. Those interact non-linearly, inject additional turbulence and continuously drive multiple small-scale dynamos, which exponentially amplify weak seed magnetic fields. After saturation at small scales, they grow in scale to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies in Milky Way-mass galaxies. In small galaxies, the magnetic energy saturates at the turbulent energy while it fails to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies. We solve for steady-state spectra of CR protons, secondary electrons/positrons from hadronic CR-proton interactions with the interstellar medium, and primary shock-accelerated electrons at supernovae. The radio-synchrotron emission is dominated by primary electrons, irradiates the magnetized disc and bulge of our simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy and weakly traces bubble-shaped magnetically loaded outflows. Our star-forming and star-bursting galaxies with saturated magnetic fields match the global FIR-radio correlation (FRC) across four orders of magnitude. Its intrinsic scatter arises due to (i) different magnetic saturation levels that result from different seed magnetic fields, (ii) different radio synchrotron luminosities for different specific SFRs at fixed SFR, and (iii) a varying radio intensity with galactic inclination. In agreement with observations, several 100-pc-sized regions within star-forming galaxies also obey the FRC, while the centres of starbursts substantially exceed the FRC.}, language = {en} } @article{HirschbergBauerKamhiehMilzetal.2022, author = {Hirschberg, Stefan and Bauer, Hannes and Kamhieh-Milz, Julian and Ringel, Frauke and Harms, Christoph and Eddin, Omar Kamal and Pruss, Axel and Hanack, Katja and Schulze-Forster, Kai}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) specifically detect humoral immune reactions in an ELISA-Based Platform}, series = {Antibodies}, volume = {11}, journal = {Antibodies}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4468}, doi = {10.3390/antib11040076}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A key in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the assessment of the immune status of the population. We explored the utility of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as antigens to detect specific humoral immune reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For this purpose, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs were produced from an engineered cell line and characterized by Western blot, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Subsequently, we collected 42 serum samples from before the pandemic (2014), 89 samples from healthy subjects, and 38 samples from vaccinated subjects. Seventeen samples were collected less than three weeks after infection, and forty-four samples more than three weeks after infection. All serum samples were characterized for their reactivity with VLPs and the SARS-CoV-2 N- and S-protein. Finally, we compared the performance of the VLP-based ELISA with a certified in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). In the applied set of samples, we determined a sensitivity of 95.5\% and a specificity of 100\% for the certified IVD. There were seven samples with an uncertain outcome. Our VLP-ELISA demonstrated a superior performance, with a sensitivity of 97.5\%, a specificity of 100\%, and only three uncertain outcomes. This result warrants further research to develop a certified IVD based on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs as an antigen.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandtBeckerTetzneretal.2021, author = {Brandt, Naemi and Becker, Michael and Tetzner, Julia and Brunner, Martin and Kuhl, Poldi}, title = {What teachers and parents can add to personality ratings of children}, series = {European journal of personality / publ. for the European Association of Personality Psychology}, volume = {35}, journal = {European journal of personality / publ. for the European Association of Personality Psychology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {0890-2070}, doi = {10.1177/0890207020988436}, pages = {814 -- 832}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Adults' ratings of children's personality have been found to be more closely associated with academic performance than children's self-reports. However, less is known about the relevance of the unique perspectives held by specific adult observers such as teachers and parents for explaining variance in academic performance. In this study, we applied bifactor (S-1) models for 1411 elementary school children to investigate the relative merits of teacher and parent ratings of children's personalities for academic performance above and beyond the children's self-reports. We examined these associations using standardized achievement test scores in addition to grades. We found that teachers' unique views on children's openness and conscientiousness had the strongest associations with academic performance. Parents' unique views on children's neuroticism showed incremental associations above teacher ratings or self-reports. For extraversion and agreeableness, however, children's self-reports were more strongly associated with academic performance than teacher or parent ratings. These results highlight the differential value of using multiple informants when explaining academic performance with personality traits.}, language = {en} } @article{BrauerWulffPawelleketal.2022, author = {Brauer, Katharina and Wulff, Hagen and Pawellek, Sabine and Ziegeldorf, Alexandra}, title = {Network analysis for a community-based school- and family-based obesity prevention program}, series = {Healthcare : open access journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {Healthcare : open access journal}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2227-9032}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10081501}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rising childhood obesity with its detrimental health consequences poses a challenge to the health care system. Community-based, multi-setting interventions with the participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders are emerging as promising. To gain insights into the structural and processual characteristics of stakeholder networks, conducting a network analysis (NA) is advisable. Within the program "Family+-Healthy Living Together in Families and Schools", a network analysis was conducted in two rural model regions and one urban model region. Relevant stakeholders were identified in 2020-2021 through expert interviews and interviewed by telephone to elicit key variables such as frequency of contact and intensity of collaboration. Throughout the NA, characteristics such as density, centrality, and connectedness were analyzed and are presented graphically. Due to the differences in the number of inhabitants and the rural or urban structure of the model regions, the three networks (network\#1, network\#2, and network\#3) included 20, 14, and 12 stakeholders, respectively. All networks had similar densities (network\#1, 48\%; network\#2, 52\%; network\#3, 42\%), whereas the degree centrality of network\#1 (0.57) and network\#3 (0.58) was one-third higher compared with network\#2 (0.39). All three networks differed in the distribution of stakeholders in terms of field of expertise and structural orientation. On average, stakeholders exchanged information quarterly and were connected on an informal level. Based on the results of the NA, it appears to be useful to initialize a community health facilitator to involve relevant stakeholders from the education, sports, and health systems in projects and to strive for the goal of sustainable health promotion, regardless of the rural or urban structure of the region. Participatory involvement of relevant stakeholders can have a positive influence on the effective dissemination of information and networking with other stakeholders.}, language = {en} } @article{PetersenCescaHeimannetal.2021, author = {Petersen, Gesa Maria and Cesca, Simone and Heimann, Sebastian and Niemz, Peter and Dahm, Torsten and Kuehn, Daniela and Kummerow, Jorn and Plenefisch, Thomas}, title = {Regional centroid moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Alps using the dense AlpArray seismic network}, series = {Solid earth : SE ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {12}, journal = {Solid earth : SE ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {6}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, organization = {Alparray AlpArray-Swath-D Working}, issn = {1869-9510}, doi = {10.5194/se-12-1233-2021}, pages = {1233 -- 1257}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Alpine mountains in central Europe are characterized by a heterogeneous crust accumulating different tectonic units and blocks in close proximity to sedimentary foreland basins. Centroid moment tensor inversion provides insight into the faulting mechanisms of earthquakes and related tectonic processes but is significantly aggravated in such an environment. Thanks to the dense AlpArray seismic network and our flexible bootstrap-based inversion tool Grond, we are able to test different setups with respect to the uncertainties of the obtained moment tensors and centroid locations. We evaluate the influence of frequency bands, azimuthal gaps, input data types, and distance ranges and study the occurrence and reliability of non-double-couple (DC) components. We infer that for most earthquakes (M-w >= 3.3) a combination of time domain full waveforms and frequency domain amplitude spectra in a frequency band of 0.02-0.07 Hz is suitable. Relying on the results of our methodological tests, we perform deviatoric moment tensor (MT) inversions for events with M-w > 3.0. Here, we present 75 solutions for earthquakes between January 2016 and December 2019 and analyze our results in the seismotectonic context of historical earthquakes, seismic activity of the last 3 decades, and GNSS deformation data. We study regions of comparably high seismic activity during the last decades, namely the Western Alps, the region around Lake Garda, and the eastern Southern Alps, as well as clusters further from the study region, i.e., in the northern Dinarides and the Apennines. Seismicity is particularly low in the Eastern Alps and in parts of the Central Alps. We apply a clustering algorithm to focal mechanisms, considering additional mechanisms from existing catalogs. Related to the N-S compressional regime, E-W-to-ENE-WSW-striking thrust faulting is mainly observed in the Friuli area in the eastern Southern Alps. Strike-slip faulting with a similarly oriented pressure axis is observed along the northern margin of the Central Alps and in the northern Dinarides. NW-SE-striking normal faulting is observed in the NW Alps, showing a similar strike direction to normal faulting earthquakes in the Apennines. Both our centroid depths and hypocentral depths in existing catalogs indicate that Alpine seismicity is predominantly very shallow; about 80\% of the studied events have depths shallower than 10 km.}, language = {en} } @article{MuldashevPerezGussinyeSobolev2022, author = {Muldashev, Iskander and Perez-Gussinye, Marta and Sobolev, Stephan}, title = {Modeling of continental normal fault earthquakes}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2022GC010615}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The magnitude of earthquakes on continental normal faults rarely exceeds 7.0 Mw. However, because of their vicinity to large population centers they can be highly destructive. Long recurrence time, relatively small deformations, and limited observations hinder our understanding of the deformation patterns and mechanisms controlling the magnitude of events. Here, this problem is addressed with 2D thermomechanical modeling of normal fault seismic cycles. The 2020 Samos, Greece Mw7.0 earthquake is used as an example as it is one of the largest and most studied continental normal fault earthquakes. The modeling approach employs visco-elasto-plastic rheology, compressibility, free surface, and a rate-and-state friction law for the fault. Modeling of the Samos earthquake suggests the pore fluid pressure ratio on the fault ranges from 0 to 0.7. The model demonstrates that most of the deformation during interseismic and coseismic periods, besides on the fault, occurs in the hanging wall and footwall below the seismogenic part of the fault. The largest vertical surface displacement during the earthquake is the subsidence of the hanging wall in the vicinity of the fault, while the uplift of the footwall and remote part of the hanging wall is significantly smaller. Modeling of the seismic cycles on normal faults with different setups shows the dependency of the magnitude on the thermal profile and dipping angle of the fault; low heat flow and low dipping angle are favorable conditions for the largest events, while steep normal faults in the areas of high heat flow tend to have the smallest magnitudes.}, language = {en} } @article{NitzeHeidlerBarthetal.2021, author = {Nitze, Ingmar and Heidler, Konrad and Barth, Sophia and Grosse, Guido}, title = {Developing and testing a deep learning approach for mapping retrogressive thaw slumps}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {13}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs13214294}, pages = {23}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In a warming Arctic, permafrost-related disturbances, such as retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), are becoming more abundant and dynamic, with serious implications for permafrost stability and bio-geochemical cycles on local to regional scales. Despite recent advances in the field of earth observation, many of these have remained undetected as RTS are highly dynamic, small, and scattered across the remote permafrost region. Here, we assessed the potential strengths and limitations of using deep learning for the automatic segmentation of RTS using PlanetScope satellite imagery, ArcticDEM and auxiliary datasets. We analyzed the transferability and potential for pan-Arctic upscaling and regional cross-validation, with independent training and validation regions, in six different thaw slump-affected regions in Canada and Russia. We further tested state-of-the-art model architectures (UNet, UNet++, DeepLabv3) and encoder networks to find optimal model configurations for potential upscaling to continental scales. The best deep learning models achieved mixed results from good to very good agreement in four of the six regions (maxIoU: 0.39 to 0.58; Lena River, Horton Delta, Herschel Island, Kolguev Island), while they failed in two regions (Banks Island, Tuktoyaktuk). Of the tested architectures, UNet++ performed the best. The large variance in regional performance highlights the requirement for a sufficient quantity, quality and spatial variability in the training data used for segmenting RTS across diverse permafrost landscapes, in varying environmental conditions. With our highly automated and configurable workflow, we see great potential for the transfer to active RTS clusters (e.g., Peel Plateau) and upscaling to much larger regions.}, language = {en} } @article{HohmuthKhanyareeLangetal.2022, author = {Hohmuth, Nils and Khanyaree, Ifrah and Lang, Anna-Lena and Duering, Ohad and Konigorski, Stefan and Viskovic, Vukasin and Heising, Tobias and Egender, Friedemann and Remschmidt, Cornelius and Leistner, Rasmus}, title = {Participatory disease surveillance for a mass gathering}, series = {BMC public health}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC public health}, number = {1}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-14505-x}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Mass gatherings (MGs) such as music festivals and sports events have been associated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. On-site research can foster knowledge of risk factors for infections and improve risk assessments and precautionary measures at future MGs. We tested a web-based participatory disease surveillance tool to detect COVID-19 infections at and after an outdoor MG by collecting self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and tests. Methods We conducted a digital prospective observational cohort study among fully immunized attendees of a sports festival that took place from September 2 to 5, 2021 in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Participants used our study app to report demographic data, COVID-19 tests, symptoms, and their contact behavior. This self-reported data was used to define probable and confirmed COVID-19 cases for the full "study period" (08/12/2021 - 10/31/2021) and within the 14-day "surveillance period" during and after the MG, with the highest likelihood of an MG-related COVID-19 outbreak (09/04/2021 - 09/17/2021). Results A total of 2,808 of 9,242 (30.4\%) event attendees participated in the study. Within the study period, 776 individual symptoms and 5,255 COVID-19 tests were reported. During the 14-day surveillance period around and after the MG, seven probable and seven PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases were detected. The confirmed cases translated to an estimated seven-day incidence of 125 per 100,000 participants (95\% CI [67.7/100,000, 223/100,000]), which was comparable to the average age-matched incidence in Germany during this time. Overall, weekly numbers of COVID-19 cases were fluctuating over the study period, with another increase at the end of the study period. Conclusion COVID-19 cases attributable to the mass gathering were comparable to the Germany-wide age-matched incidence, implicating that our active participatory disease surveillance tool was able to detect MG-related infections. Further studies are needed to evaluate and apply our participatory disease surveillance tool in other mass gathering settings.}, language = {en} } @article{PonsSobolevLiuetal.2022, author = {Pons, Micha{\"e}l and Sobolev, Stephan and Liu, Sibiao and Neuharth, Derek}, title = {Hindered trench migration due to slab steepening controls the formation of the Central Andes}, series = {JGR : Solid earth}, volume = {127}, journal = {JGR : Solid earth}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2022JB025229}, pages = {21}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The formation of the Central Andes dates back to similar to 50 Ma, but its most pronounced episode, including the growth of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within the last 25 Ma. The reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that the primary cause of the pulses of tectonic shortening and growth of the Central Andes is the changing geometry of the subducted Nazca plate, and particularly the steepening of the mid-mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down of the trench retreat and subsequent increase in shortening of the advancing South America plate. This steepening first happens after the end of the flat slab episode at similar to 25 Ma, and later during the buckling and stagnation of the slab in the mantle transition zone. Processes that mechanically weaken the lithosphere of the South America plate, as suggested in previous studies, enhance the intensity of the shortening events. These processes include delamination of the mantle lithosphere and weakening of foreland sediments. Our new modeling results are consistent with the timing and amplitude of the deformation from geological data in the Central Andes at the Altiplano latitude. Plain Language Summary The Central Andes is a subduction-type orogeny that formed as a result of the interaction between the Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continental plate over the last 50 million years. Growth of the Andes is primarily the result of crustal shortening. Nevertheless, "geological" data compiled from previous studies have shown that phases of drastic pulsatile shortening occur at 15 and 5 Ma. In this study, we used high-resolution 2D numerical geodynamic simulations to investigate the link between oceanic and continental plate dynamics and their interaction. We find that when the oceanic plate steepens in the mantle transition zone, the trench retreat is hindered. Coupled with the weakening of the continental plate through the slab flattening and subsequent delamination of the lithospheric mantle, this leads to pulsatile shortening phases of a magnitude equivalent to that suggested by the data.}, language = {en} } @article{MunozWalterZornetal.2022, author = {Munoz, Valeria and Walter, Thomas R. and Zorn, Edgar U. and Shevchenko, Alina and Gonzalez, Pablo J. and Reale, Diego and Sansosti, Eugenio}, title = {Satellite radar and camera time series reveal transition from aligned to distributed crater arrangement during the 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain)}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {14}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs14236168}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Magma-filled dikes may feed erupting fissures that lead to alignments of craters developing at the surface, yet the details of activity and migrating eruptions at the crater row are difficult to monitor and are hardly understood. The 2021 Tajogaite eruption at the Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain), lasted 85 days and developed a pronounced alignment of craters that may be related to changes within the volcano edifice. Here, we use COSMO-SkyMed satellite radar data and ground-based time-lapse photographs, offering a high-resolution dataset to explore the locations and characteristics of evolving craters. Our results show that the craters evolve both gradually and suddenly and can be divided into three main phases. Phase 1, lasting the first 6 weeks of the eruption, was characterized by a NW-SE linear evolution of up to seven craters emerging on the growing cone. Following two partial collapses of the cone to the northwest and a seismicity increase at depth, Phase 2 started and caused a propagation of the main activity toward the southeastern side, together with the presence of up to 11 craters along this main NW-SE trend. Associated with strong deep and shallow earthquakes, Phase 3 was initiated and continued for the final 2 weeks of the eruption, expressed by the development of up to 18 craters, which became dominant and clustered in the southeastern sector in early December 2021. In Phase 3, a second and oblique alignment and surface fracture was identified. Our findings that crater and eruption changes coincide together with an increase in seismic activity at depth point to a deep driver leading to crater and morphology changes at the surface. These also suggest that crater distributions might allow for improved monitoring of changes occurring at depth, and vice versa, such that strong seismicity changes at depth may herald the migration and new formation of craters, which have major implications for the assessment of tephra and lava flow hazards on volcanoes.}, language = {en} } @article{MarinBartCortezetal.2022, author = {Marin, Victor and Bart, Bryan and Cortez, Nicole and Jim{\´e}nez, Ver{\´o}nica A. and Silva, Victor and Leyton, Oscar and Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R. and Schmidt, Bernd and Heydenreich, Matthias and Burgos, Viviana and Paz, Cristian}, title = {Drimane sesquiterpene aldehydes control Candida yeast isolated from candidemia in Chilean patients}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {19}, publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms231911753}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Drimys winteri J.R. (Winteraceae) produce drimane sesquiterpenoids with activity against Candida yeast. In this work, drimenol, polygodial (1), isotadeonal (2), and a new drimane alpha,beta-unsaturated 1,4-dialdehyde, named winterdial (4), were purified from barks of D. winteri. The oxidation of drimenol produced the monoaldehyde drimenal (3). These four aldehyde sesquiterpenoids were evaluated against six Candida species isolated from candidemia patients in Chilean hospitals. Results showed that 1 displays fungistatic activity against all yeasts (3.75 to 15.0 mu g/mL), but irritant effects on eyes and skin, whereas its non-pungent epimer 2 has fungistatic and fungicide activities at 1.9 and 15.0 mu g/mL, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 were less active. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that compounds 1-4 are capable of binding to the catalytic pocket of lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase with similar binding free energies, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of action through the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. According to our findings, compound 2 appears as a valuable molecular scaffold to pursue the future development of more potent drugs against candidiasis with fewer side effects than polygodial. These outcomes are significant to broaden the alternatives to treat fungal infections with increasing prevalence worldwide using natural compounds as a primary source for active compounds.}, language = {en} } @article{DoepperJagdhuberHoltgraveetal.2022, author = {D{\"o}pper, Veronika and Jagdhuber, Thomas and Holtgrave, Ann-Kathrin and Heistermann, Maik and Francke, Till and Kleinschmit, Birgit and F{\"o}rster, Michael}, title = {Following the cosmic-ray-neutron-sensing-based soil moisture under grassland and forest}, series = {Science of remote Sensing}, volume = {5}, journal = {Science of remote Sensing}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2666-0172}, doi = {10.1016/j.srs.2022.100056}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Deriving soil moisture content (SMC) at the regional scale with different spatial and temporal land cover changes is still a challenge for active and passive remote sensing systems, often coped with machine learning methods. So far, the reference measurements of the data-driven approaches are usually based on point data, which entails a scale gap to the resolution of the remote sensing data. Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) indirectly provides SMC estimates of a soil volume covering more than 1 ha and vertical depth up to 80 cm and is thus able to narrow this scale gap. So far, the CRNS-based SMC has only been used as validation source of remote sensing based SMC products. Its beneficial large sensing volume, especially in depth, has not been exploited yet. However, the sensing volume of the CRNS, which is changing with hydrological conditions, bears challenges for the comparison with remote sensing observations. This study, for the fist time, aims to understand the direct linkage of optical (Sentinel 2) and SAR (Sentinel 1) data with CRNS-based SMC. Thereby, the CRNS-based SMC is obtained by an experimental CRNS cluster that covers the high temporal and spatial SMC variability of an entire pre-alpine subcatchment. Using different Random Forest regressions, we analyze the potentials and limitations of both remote sensing sensors to follow the CRNS-based SMC signal. Our results show that it is possible to link the CRNS-based SMC signal with SAR and optical remote sensing observations via Random Forest modelling. We found that Sentinel 2 data is able to separate wet from dry periods with a R2 of 0.68. It is less affected by the changing soil volume that contributes to the CRNS-based SMC signal and it is able to assign a land cover specific SMC distribution. However, Sentinel 2 regression models are not accurate (R2 < 0.21) in mapping the CRNSbased SMC for the frequently mowed grassland areas of the study site. It requires soil type and topographical information to accurately follow the CRNS-based SMC signal with Random Forest regression. Sentinel 1 data instead is affected by the changing soil volume that contributes to the CRNS-based SMC signal. It has reasonable model performance (R2 = 0.34) when the CRNS data correspond to surface SMC. Also for Sentinel 1 the retrieval is impacted by the mowing activities at the test site. When separating the CRNS data set into dry and wet periods, soil properties and topography are the main drivers of SMC estimation. Sentinel 1 or Sentinel 2 data add the existing temporal variability to the regression models. The analysis underlines the need of combining optical and SAR observations (Sentinel 1, Sentinel 2) as well as soil property and topographical information to understand and follow the CRNS-based SMC signal for different hydrological conditions and land cover types.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfLatićPolzenhagenetal.2024, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Latić, Denisa and Polzenhagen, Frank and Peters, Arne}, title = {World englishes and cultural linguistics}, series = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, volume = {43}, journal = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {1467-971X}, doi = {10.1111/weng.12655}, pages = {360 -- 378}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This article explores the evolution of Cultural Linguistics, its fusion with Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics, and its application to the study of world Englishes, emphasising the cultural dimension of language and cognition. It investigates key theoretical concepts in Cultural Linguistics such as cultural categories, schemas, conceptualisations, keywords, models and scenarios as essential analytical tools for examining the interplay between thought, language and culture. Using examples from English varieties in sub-Saharan Africa, Great Britain, Ireland, India and Hong Kong, this article demonstrates how these conceptual phenomena interact at increasing levels of conceptual complexity. The discussion also distinguishes conceptual metaphor (and metonymy) from the somewhat problematic concept of 'cultural metaphor', previously used in some cultural-linguistic approaches to world Englishes. Finally, the article delves into Conceptual Blending Theory as a possible extension of Cultural Linguistics that synthesises diverse cultural knowledge to interpret culture-specific expressions in contemporary multilingual settings.}, language = {en} } @article{ErdmannSchillingHentscheletal.2022, author = {Erdmann, Nina and Schilling, Theresa and Hentschel, Julia and Lehmann, Thomas and von Bismarck, Philipp and Ankermann, Tobias and Duckstein, Franziska and Baier, Michael and Zagoya, Carlos and Mainz, Jochen G.}, title = {Divergent dynamics of inflammatory mediators and multiplex PCRs during airway infection in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy controls}, series = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.947359}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background In cystic fibrosis (CF), acute respiratory exacerbations critically enhance pulmonary destruction. Since these mainly occur outside regular appointments, they remain unexplored. We previously elaborated a protocol for home-based upper airway (UAW) sampling obtaining nasal-lavage fluid (NLF), which, in contrast to sputum, does not require immediate processing. The aim of this study was to compare UAW inflammation and pathogen colonization during stable phases and exacerbations in CF patients and healthy controls. Methods Initially, we obtained NLF by rinsing 10 ml of isotonic saline/nostril during stable phases. During exacerbations, subjects regularly collected NLF at home. CF patients directly submitted one aliquot for microbiological cultures. The remaining samples were immediately frozen until transfer on ice to our clinic, where PCR analyses were performed and interleukin (IL)-1 beta/IL-6/IL-8, neutrophil elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were assessed. Results Altogether, 49 CF patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) completed the study, and 214 NLF samples were analyzed. Of the 49 CF patients, 20 were at least intermittently colonized with P. aeruginosa and received azithromycin and/or inhaled antibiotics as standard therapy. At baseline, IL-6 and IL-8 tended to be elevated in CF compared to controls. During infection, inflammatory mediators increased in both cohorts, reaching significance only for IL-6 in controls (p=0.047). Inflammatory responses tended to be higher in controls [1.6-fold (NE) to 4.4-fold (MMP-9)], while in CF, mediators increased only moderately [1.2-1.5-fold (IL-6/IL-8/NE/TIMP-1/MMP-9)]. Patients receiving inhalative antibiotics or azithromycin (n=20 and n=15, respectively) revealed lower levels of IL-1 beta/IL-6/IL-8 and NE during exacerbation compared to CF patients not receiving those antibiotics. In addition, CF patients receiving azithromycin showed MMP-9 levels significantly lower than CF patients not receiving azithromycin at stable phase and exacerbation. Altogether, rhinoviruses were the most frequently detected virus, detected at least once in n=24 (49.0\%) of the 49 included pwCF and in n=26 (68.4\%) of the 38 healthy controls over the 13-month duration of the study. Remarkably, during exacerbation, rhinovirus detection rates were significantly higher in the HC group compared to those in CF patients (65.8\% vs. 22.4\%; p<0.0001). Conclusion Non-invasive and partially home-based UAW sampling opens new windows for the assessment of inflammation and pathogen colonization in the unified airway system.}, language = {en} } @article{LatićWolfPolzenhagenetal.2024, author = {Latić, Denisa and Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank and Peters, Arne}, title = {A research bibliography for world Englishes and Cultural Linguistics}, series = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, volume = {43}, journal = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1467-971X}, doi = {10.1111/weng.12654}, pages = {523 -- 531}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This research bibliography lists some of the hallmark works in the field of Cultural Linguistics and has an exclusive thematic focus on cultural-linguistic approaches to world Englishes. Therefore, other important and congenial works that have been published under the umbrella of, for example, Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) or deal with langauges other than English are excluded but can be found in the respective references of the individual contributions of this special issue. The research bibliography offers reference works for research strands of the world Englishes framework, such as English language teaching and language use in multicultural and multilingual contexts, as well as language use in the public space. Furthermore, with a collection of publications ranging from the 1980s to most recent state-of-the-art works from the year 2024, the authors identify trends and topical developments in the synthesized research of Cultural Linguistics and world Englishes and offer an outlook on new frontiers in this realm.}, language = {en} } @article{GholamrezaieScheckWenderothCacaceetal.2021, author = {Gholamrezaie, Ershad and Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena and Cacace, Mauro and Bott, Judith and Heidbach, Oliver and Bohnhoff, Marco and Strecker, Manfred R.}, title = {Lithospheric strength variations and seismotectonic segmentation below the Sea of Marmara}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {815}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228999}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Sea of Marmara is a tectonically active basin that straddles the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), a major strike-slip fault that separates the Eurasian and Anatolian tectonic plates. The Main Marmara Fault (MMF), which is part of the NAFZ, contains an approximately 150 km long seismotectonic segment that has not ruptured since 1766. A key question for seismic hazard and risk assessment is whether or not the next rupture along this segment is likely to produce one major earthquake or a series of smaller earthquakes. Geomechanical characteristics such as along-strike variations in rock strength may provide an important control on seismotectonic segmentation. We find that variations in lithospheric strength throughout the Marmara region control the mechanical segmentation of the MMF and help explain its long-term seismotectonic segmentation. In particular, a strong crust that is mechanically coupled to the upper mantle spatially correlates with aseismic patches, where the MMF bends and changes its strike in response to the presence of high-density lower crustal bodies. Between the bends, mechanically weaker crustal domains that are decoupled from the mantle indicate a predominance of creeping. These results are highly relevant for the ongoing debate regarding the characteristics of the Marmara seismic gap, especially in view of the seismic hazard (Mw > 7) in the densely populated Marmara region.}, language = {en} } @article{DreymannSabrowskiDansoetal.2022, author = {Dreymann, Nico and Sabrowski, Wiebke and Danso, Jennifer and Menger, Marcus}, title = {Aptamer-based sandwich assay formats for detection and discrimination of human high- and low-molecular-weight uPA for cancer prognosis and diagnosis}, series = {Cancers / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, volume = {14}, journal = {Cancers / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6694}, doi = {10.3390/cancers14215222}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Simple Summary Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a widely discussed biomarker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. The gold standard for the determination of protein biomarkers in physiological samples is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, antibodies are used to detect the specific protein. In our study, recently published urokinase aptamers were tested for their use in a sandwich assay format as alternative specific recognition elements. Different aptamer combinations were used for the detection of uPA in a sandwich-assay format and a combination of aptamers and antibodies additionally allowed the differentiation of human high and low molecular weight- (HMW- and LMW-) uPA. Hence, uPA aptamers offer a valuable alternative as specific recognition elements for analytical purposes. Since aptamers are easy to synthesize and modify, they can be used as a cost-effective alternative in sandwich assay formats for the detection of uPA in physiological samples. Abstract Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a frequently discussed biomarker for prognosis, diagnosis, and recurrence of cancer. In a previous study, we developed ssDNA aptamers that bind to different forms of human urokinase, which are therefore assumed to have different binding regions. In this study, we demonstrate the development of aptamer-based sandwich assays that use different combinations of these aptamers to detect high molecular weight- (HMW-) uPA in a micro titer plate format. By combining aptamers and antibodies, it was possible to distinguish between HMW-uPA and low molecular weight- (LMW-) uPA. For the best performing aptamer combination, we calculated the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in spiked buffer and urine samples with an LOD up to 50 ng/mL and 138 ng/mL, respectively. To show the specificity and sequence dependence of the reporter aptamer uPAapt-02-FR, we have identified key nucleotides within the sequence that are important for specific folding and binding to uPA using a fluorescent dye-linked aptamer assay (FLAA). Since uPA is a much-discussed marker for prognosis and diagnosis in various types of cancers, these aptamers and their use in a micro titer plate assay format represent a novel, promising tool for the detection of uPA and for possible diagnostic applications.}, language = {en} }