@article{OCorrain2006, author = {{\´O} Corr{\´a}in, Ailbhe}, title = {On the 'after perfect' in Irish and Hiberno-English}, series = {The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between English and the Celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth international colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22-26 September 2004}, journal = {The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between English and the Celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth international colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22-26 September 2004}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40971}, pages = {152 -- 172}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Content: 1. Introduction 2. Early Examples of the AFP in Hiberno-English 3. Assessments of the Evidence 4. Attempts to Explain the Early HE Construction 5. Distribution and Function of the AFP in EMI and HE 5.1. The AFP with the Future Tense in Irish 5.2. The AFP with the Secondary Future or Conditional 5.3. The AFP with the Subjunctive 5.5. Functions of the AFP in Early Modern Irish and HE 6. The Restriction of the AFP to the Recent Perfect 7. Conclusions}, language = {en} } @incollection{OBearra2007, author = {{\´O} B{\´e}arra, Feargal}, title = {Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19331}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Contents: Definition of Late Modern Irish Lexical and Syntactic Equivalence The Official Languages Act and the Translation Industry Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death Lack of Exposure and Critical Mass}, language = {en} } @article{WolfXia2010, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Xia, Xiaoyan}, title = {Basic-level salience in second language acquisition : a study of English vocabulary learning and use by Chinese adults}, isbn = {978-3-11-024582-0}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Basic-level salience is a fundamental concept in Cognitive Psychology and related disciplines. It captures the phenomenon that the basic level of categorization is psychologically more salient than other levels (Rosch et al. 1976). However, findings showing that basic-level words possess a superior status in human communication and vocabulary learning (Rosch et al. 1976; Koevecses 2006) so far pertained only to individuals' L1. In this paper, we argue that Rosch et al's insights are highly relevant in L2 contexts as well. To test the hypothesis that basic-level salience can be evidenced in L2 vocabulary learning, an experiment was conducted among 69 Chinese adult learners of English. On a series of slides, participants were simultaneously presented with different pictures and three English words at the superordinate, basic, and subordinate level. This presentation was followed by a picture naming task, in which participants were expected to write down the first English names that came to their mind. The main results of this experiment are as follows: 1) L2 basic-level words are the most readily given responses in the picture naming task, suggesting the existence of the basic-level salience in L2 vocabulary learning; 2) the presence of the basic-level salience is a matter of degree, influenced by factors such as concept familiarity and, what we call, the "first- encountered-first-retrieved" effect. The mapping of the L1-based categorical organization onto the L2 vocabulary learning process has theoretical and practical (i.e., pedagogical) implications, which are addressed at the end of this chapter.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfPolzenhagen2012, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank}, title = {Cognitive sociolinguistics in L2-variety dictionaries of English}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @incollection{WolfPolzenhagen2024, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank}, title = {Cultural Linguistics}, series = {The Handbook of Cultural Linguistics (Springer Handbooks in Languages and Linguistics (SHLL))}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Cultural Linguistics (Springer Handbooks in Languages and Linguistics (SHLL))}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-99-3799-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-99-3800-1_7}, pages = {109 -- 134}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Without a doubt, not only through numerous landmark publications (e.g., Sharifian 2003, 2011, 2015, 2017a, b), Farzad Sharifian has shaped the field of Cultural Linguistics like no one has. The success of Cultural Linguistics has been due, to a considerable extent, to the integration of previous theoretical concepts, methods, and terminologies into a unified theoretical approach. However, this process of integration, to our minds, has not been completed. In fact, the first author of this chapter, in a couple of his publications (Wolf et al. 2021; K{\"u}hmstedt and Wolf 2022) was about to enter into a terminological debate with Farzad Sharifian, when he left us too early. In this chapter, we would like to take up and systematize this debate. Primarily, as regards theory, we will focus on the relation of Cultural Linguistics to Cognitive Sociolinguistics, and as regards terminology, on the central concept of "cultural conceptualization." By doing so, it is our hope to solidify the paradigm of Cultural Linguistics even more and to provide a further terminological refinement for "cultural conceptualization."}, language = {en} } @article{WolfPolzenhagen2012, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank}, title = {Cognitive sociolinguistics in L2-variety dictionaries of english}, series = {Review of cognitive linguistics}, volume = {10}, journal = {Review of cognitive linguistics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Benjamins}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1877-9751}, doi = {10.1075/rcl.10.2.06wol}, pages = {373 -- 400}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The recent decades have witnessed the incorporation of new linguistic trends into lexicography. One of these trends is a usage-based approach, with the first major application of computer-corpus data in the Collins COBUILD English dictionary (1995) and successive adaptation in other L1-dictionaries. Another, concurrent innovation-inspired by Conceptual Metaphor Theory-is the provision of conceptual information in monolingual dictionaries of English. So far, however, only the Macmillan English dictionary for advanced learners (1st and 2nd edition) has paid tribute to the fact that understanding culturespecific metaphors and being aware of metaphoric usage are crucial for learning a foreign language. Given that most of the English as lingua franca interactions take place between L2-speakers of English (see Kachru, 1994), providing conceptual information is not only a desideratum for L1- and learner dictionaries, but especially for (L2-) variety dictionaries of English. In our paper, we follow earlier tentative proposals by Polzenhagen (2007) and Wolf (2012) and present examples from A dictionary of Hong Kong English (Cummings \& Wolf, 2011), showing how culturally salient conceptual information can be made explicit and conceptual links between lexical items retrievable. The examples demonstrate that fixed expressions and idioms -a perennial problem for lexicographers are explicable by means of the proposed lexicographic design, too. Our approach is cognitive-sociolinguistic in that the Conceptual Metaphor approach is coupled with the study of regional varieties of English, more specifically Hong Kong English. Our analysis is empirically backed up by corpus-linguistic insights into this L2 variety.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfPolzenhagen2010, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank}, title = {The "new semantics" of lexicography - Cognitive Sociolinguistics in L2-variety dictionaries of English}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The recent decades have witnessed the incorporation of new linguistic trends into lexicography. One of these trends is a usage-based approach, with the first major application of computer-corpus data in the Collins COBUILD English Dictionary (1995) and successive adaptation in other L1-dictionaries. Another, concurrent innovation -inspired by Conceptual Metaphor theory - is the provision of conceptual information in monolingual dictionaries of English. So far, however, only the MacMillan English Dictionary For Advanced Learners (MED 1st and 2nd edition) has paid tribute to the facts that understanding culture-specific metaphors and being aware of metaphoric usage are crucial for learning a foreign language. Given that most of the English as lingua franca interactions take place between L2-speakers of English (see Kachru 1994), providing conceptual information is not only a desideratum for L1- and learner dictionaries, but especially for (L2-) variety dictionaries of English. In our paper, we follow earlier tentative proposals by Polzenhagen (2007) and Wolf (2010fc.) and present examples primarily from the Dictionary of Hong English project (Cummings and Wolf, in progress) but also from West African English, showing how culturally salient conceptual information can be made explicit and conceptual links between lexical items retrievable. The examples demonstrate that even fixed expressions and idioms - a perennial problem for lexicographers - are explicable by means of the proposed lexicographic design. Our approach is cognitive-sociolinguistic in that the Conceptual Metaphor approach is coupled with and backed up by corpus-linguistic insights.}, language = {en} } @book{WolfPolzenhagen2009, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank}, title = {World Englishes : a cognitive sociolinguistic approach}, series = {Applications of cognitive linguistics}, volume = {8}, journal = {Applications of cognitive linguistics}, publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin, New York}, isbn = {978-3-11-019633-7}, doi = {10.1515/9783110199222}, pages = {XIV, 278 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{WolfPolzenhagen2010, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Polzenhagen, Frank}, title = {Investigating culture from a linguistic perspective : an exemplification with Hong Kong English}, issn = {0044-2305}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @incollection{WolfPeters2021, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Peters, Arne}, title = {Cognitive sociolinguistic studies of African English}, series = {Cognitive sociolinguistics revisited (Applications of Cognitive Linguistics (ACL))}, volume = {48}, booktitle = {Cognitive sociolinguistics revisited (Applications of Cognitive Linguistics (ACL))}, publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11073-394-5}, doi = {10.1515/9783110733945-036}, pages = {457 -- 466}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This chapter presents an overview of Cognitive Sociolinguistic studies of African English. We discuss early applications of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to the study of English in Cameroon (Wolf 1999, 2001; Wolf and Simo Bobda 2001) as well as the extensive and methodologically diverse body of Cognitive Sociolinguistic research on the cultural model of COMMUNITY expressed in West and East African English (e.g., Wolf 2006, 2008; Wolf and Polzenhagen 2007; Polzenhagen and Wolf 2007; Polzenhagen 2007). Moreover, the chapter illustrates how studies such as Finzel and Wolf (2017), Peters (2021), Finzel (forthcoming) and Peters and Polzenhagen (2021) extend the Cognitive Sociolinguistic approach to further sociocultural issues, such as gender identities and culture-specific strategies of advertising in different anglophone parts of Africa. Finally, we point out possible future applications of the paradigm to socio-pragmatic aspects of African English.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfLatićPolzenhagenetal.2024, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Latić, Denisa and Polzenhagen, Frank and Peters, Arne}, title = {World englishes and cultural linguistics}, series = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, volume = {43}, journal = {World Englishes : journal of English as an international and intranational language}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {1467-971X}, doi = {10.1111/weng.12655}, pages = {360 -- 378}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This article explores the evolution of Cultural Linguistics, its fusion with Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Sociolinguistics, and its application to the study of world Englishes, emphasising the cultural dimension of language and cognition. It investigates key theoretical concepts in Cultural Linguistics such as cultural categories, schemas, conceptualisations, keywords, models and scenarios as essential analytical tools for examining the interplay between thought, language and culture. Using examples from English varieties in sub-Saharan Africa, Great Britain, Ireland, India and Hong Kong, this article demonstrates how these conceptual phenomena interact at increasing levels of conceptual complexity. The discussion also distinguishes conceptual metaphor (and metonymy) from the somewhat problematic concept of 'cultural metaphor', previously used in some cultural-linguistic approaches to world Englishes. Finally, the article delves into Conceptual Blending Theory as a possible extension of Cultural Linguistics that synthesises diverse cultural knowledge to interpret culture-specific expressions in contemporary multilingual settings.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfIgboanusi2009, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Igboanusi, Herbert}, title = {The role of ethnically mixed marriages in language shift : a case study of Nigeria's minority languages}, year = {2009}, abstract = {As the foundation of homes, the marriage institution is an important agent of sociali- zation. In this regard, marriage can be relied upon as a major factor in language and cultural maintenance. However, mixed marriages may contribute to language shift in the home because they can lead to a change in language use patterns among minority language speakers and their children. This means that the likelihood of preserving a minority language is greater in marriages among individuals who speak the same indigenous language than in situations in which spouses speak different languages. This study uses questionnaire data from parents of ethnically mixed marriages to explain how mixed marriages contribute to language shift from minority languages to English (Nigeria's official language), Nigerian Pidgin (informal lingua franca) and the major languages (i.e. Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) in the home domains. The study shows that the future of minority languages will largely depend on the roles of families and the value attached to minority ethnic identity by young people, particularly those from mixed homes. Keywords: language shift; maintenance; family; minority languages; intermarriage; nigeria}, language = {en} } @incollection{WolfFinzel2021, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Finzel, Anna}, title = {Colonial cultural conceptualizations and world Englishes}, series = {Research developments in world englishes}, booktitle = {Research developments in world englishes}, publisher = {Bloomsbury Academic}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-3501-6708-7}, doi = {10.5040/9781350167087.ch-010}, pages = {199 -- 230}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this paper, we take a cognitive-sociolinguistic perspective on texts from the colonial period. The texts stem from various agents in the colonial enterprise and include documents from missionaries, administrators and politicians, as well as legal and scientific texts. What we find and trace in these texts is a recurrent set of dominant systems of conceptualizations that are characteristic of the colonial mindset and the corresponding discourse at large. However, these conceptualizations were spelled out in quite different ways in discourse, depending on the ideological background and objectives of the authors and on the specific colonial setting they deal with. We will focus on two contexts, India and sub-Saharan Africa, and we will highlight conceptualizations related to the framing of the constellation between colonizers and colonial subjects in terms of, inter alia, a parent-child, an adult-child and a teacher-pupil relationship. We will then look into some examples of cultural practices among the colonized that were "disturbing" to the colonizers. The fact that they were betrays value systems as well as preoccupations and fears on the side of the colonizers. These practices triggered efforts at cultural engineering in the colonies which had lasting effects on the local culture in these settings. However, this impact was far from being one-directional. The experience with the "otherness" of the colonial subjects fueled debates on latent societal issues in the culture of the colonizers. We will consider this impact for the case of the discourse on homosexuality. The empire stroke back also in linguistic terms, most notably by a host of loan words that entered the lexicon of English. The way these loan words were "integrated" into the English language provides ample evidence of a cultural appropriation also in this direction, i.e., the process known as "contextualization" in traditional Kachruvian sociolinguistics is bi-directional as well.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfDingNoel2010, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Ding, Yan and No{\"e}l, Dirk}, title = {Patterns in metaphor translation : translating FEAR Metaphors between English and Chinese}, isbn = {978-1-4438-1755-4}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @book{WolfCummings2011, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Cummings, Patrick}, title = {A dictionary of Hong Kong English : words from the fragrant harbor}, publisher = {Univ. of Hong Kong}, address = {Hong Kong}, isbn = {988-808330-9}, pages = {275 S.}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @misc{Wolf2005, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg}, title = {Omoniyi, T., The sociolinguistics of borderlands: two nations, one community; Trento, Africa World Press, 2004}, issn = {1466-4208}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{Wolf2010, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg}, title = {East and West African Englishes : differences and commonalities}, isbn = {978-0- 415-47039-1}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{Wolf2012, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg}, title = {The cognitive sociolinguistic approach to the lexicon of Cameroon English and other world englishes}, isbn = {978-1-61451-248-6}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wolf2020, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg}, title = {East and West African Englishes}, series = {The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes}, booktitle = {The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-003-12875-5}, doi = {10.4324/9781003128755}, pages = {216 -- 232}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This chapter compares East and West African English as two distinct regional varieties of African English. First, the historical development of English in these two regions is briefly considered. It is argued that British colonial policy contributed significantly to the sociolinguistic and, indirectly, even structural differences these varieties exhibit. Then, the discussion moves on to give a short overview of the national sub-varieties. It is found that, although united by common linguistic features, West African English is far more heterogeneous than East African English, and some explanation is provided for this phenomenon. Focusing specifically on phonetic features, the chapter summarizes and contrasts the main diagnostic and distinctive features of each regional variety, with special reference to the peculiarities of the national varieties of West African English. However, despite their structural differences, West African, East African English and, for that matter, Southern African English are rooted in a shared "African culture." Recent findings are introduced, in which common conceptual and linguistic patterns pertaining to witchcraft, expressed in the regional varieties in question, are highlighted.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wolf2021, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg}, title = {Cultural conceptualizations of magical practices related to menstrual blood in a transhistorical and transcontinental perspective}, series = {Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts (CLSCC)}, volume = {14}, booktitle = {Cultural-Linguistic Explorations into Spirituality, Emotionality, and Society (Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts (CLSCC)}, publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {978-9-02725-970-7}, doi = {10.1075/clscc.14.04wol}, pages = {41 -- 76}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Most, if not all, of the studies in Cultural Linguistics have (a) taken a synchronic perspective or (b) focused on specific, intracultural conceptualizations. In my chapter, I will look at a cluster of conceptualizations that have been found to exist in different historical periods, in different languages and varieties, and on different continents. The case in point is conceptualizations of magical practices based on menstrual blood. The existence of these conceptualizations across time and space raises the challenging questions of their motivation, and, more generally, the "flow of conceptualizations." While these questions will be pursued in my chapter, the main focus will be on an elaboration of the conceptual network of conceptualizations pertaining to menstrual blood magic.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wolf2007, author = {Wolf, G{\"o}ran}, title = {Language contact, change of language status : 'Celtic' national languages in the British Isles and Ireland}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19361}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Contents: Conceptual Clarifications Contact Situations - a Brief Outline Under Scrutiny I: Cornwall, Isle of Man and Scotland Under scrutiny II: Wales Under Scrutiny III: Ireland - a Lengthy Discourse}, language = {en} } @article{WischerHabermann2004, author = {Wischer, Ilse and Habermann, Mechthhild}, title = {The use of prefix verbs for the expression of aspect/action type in Old English and Old High German : Der Gebrauch von Pr{\"a}fixverben zum Ausdruck von Aspekt/Aktionsart im Altenglischen und Althochdeutschen}, issn = {0301-3294}, year = {2004}, abstract = {English and German, though genetically closely related, have undergone different developments with regard to the verbal category aspect in its interaction with aktionsart. English has grammaticalized a periphrastic construction to mark the progressisve whereas German - if at all - uses word formation to mark the perfective. This study deals with verbal prefixes, especially ge-/gi-, in the earliest attestable stages of the two languages, i.e. in Old English (King Alfred's Orosius) and Old High German (Tafan). These elements have often been considered markers of perfective aspect or aktionsart and can be compared to perfectives, which - according to Bybee/Perkins/Pagliuca (1994) - have developed from "bounders", i.e. adverbial particles to denote situation boundaries. Our analyses suggest that although there are basic similarities in the use of the various verbal constructions, the diverging paths of development with regard to aspect seem to begin already in these early stages}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer2013, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Grammatikalisierungsprozesse in der Geschichte des Englischen}, series = {Angewandet Linguistik Linguistique appliqu{\´e}e: Zwischen Theorien, Konzepten und der Beschreibung sprachlicher {\"A}ußerungen. Entre th{\´e}ories, concepts et la description des expressions linguistiques}, journal = {Angewandet Linguistik Linguistique appliqu{\´e}e: Zwischen Theorien, Konzepten und der Beschreibung sprachlicher {\"A}ußerungen. Entre th{\´e}ories, concepts et la description des expressions linguistiques}, editor = {Große, Sybille and Hennemann, Anja and Pl{\"o}tner, Kathleen and Wagner, Stefanie}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-63163-476-9}, pages = {315 -- 324}, year = {2013}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer2012, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {History of english historical linguistica}, series = {English Historical Linguistics. Volume 2 (Handb{\"u}cher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science)}, journal = {English Historical Linguistics. Volume 2 (Handb{\"u}cher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science)}, editor = {Bergs, Alexander and Brinton, Laurel J.}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Mouton}, isbn = {978-3-11214-670-5}, pages = {1325 -- 1340}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @misc{Wischer2013, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Peter Fenn: A student's advanced grammar of english / rezensiert von Ilse Wischer}, series = {Anglistik : international journal of english studies}, volume = {23}, journal = {Anglistik : international journal of english studies}, number = {2}, issn = {0947-0034}, pages = {215 -- 217}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Peter Fenn: A student's advanced grammar of english / T{\"u}bingen: Franke, 2010. - XVIII, 581 S.}, language = {de} } @misc{Wischer2010, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Simone E. Pfenninger: Grammaticalization paths of english and high german existential constructions : a corpus-based study / rezensiert von Ilse Wischer}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Dialektologie und Linguistik : ZDL}, volume = {77}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Dialektologie und Linguistik : ZDL}, number = {3}, issn = {0044-1449}, pages = {372 -- 375}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Simone E. Pfenninger: Grammaticalization paths of english and high german existential constructions : a corpus-based study / Bern: Lang, 2009. - XI, 369 S. - (European University Studies: Series 21, Linguistics Vol. 345)}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2007, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {The Grammaticalization of the Perfect in the History of English}, isbn = {978-83-7525-071-8}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @misc{Wischer2006, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Facchinetti, R., (Hrsg.), Krug, M. (Hrsg.), Palmer, F. (Hrsg.), Modality in Contemporary English; Berlin, de Gruyter, 2006}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Wischer2006, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Miyawaki, M., James Harris's Theory of Universal Grammar: a Synthesis of the Aristotelian and Platonic Conceptions of Language; M{\"u}nster, Nodus-Publ., 2005}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2004, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Tempus- und Aspektbeschreibungen in englischen Grammatiken des 18. Jahrhunderts}, isbn = {3-89323-227-3}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Die englische Grammatikschreibung im 18. Jahrhundert ist vordergr{\"u}ndig pr{\"a}skriptiv und basiert auf den traditionellen theoretischen Grundlagen, die f{\"u}r die klassischen Sprachen entwickelt wurden. So werden grammatische Kategorien wie Person und Numerus, Tempus, Modus, Genus Verbi unterschieden, f{\"u}r welche Flexionsparadigmen aufgestellt werden. Im Vergleich zu den klassischen Sprachen hat jedoch das Englische eine weitreichende Umgestaltung in der Strukturierung seiner gesamten Verbalkategorien erfahren: Analytische Mittel (have, be, do, will, etc. in Verbindung mit infiniten Formen des Verbs) werden verwendet, um verschiedene Auspr{\"a}gungen der Vergangenheit, Zuk{\"u}nftigkeit, Gleichzeitigkeit, Vorzeitigkeit, Prozeßhaftigkeit etc. auszudr{\"u}cken. Das Modussystem ist zusammengebrochen. Um dies zu kompensieren und einige der Funktionen des ehemaligen Konjunktivs zu {\"u}bernehmen, wurden zum Beispiel die Modalverben grammatikalisiert. Dann ist auch noch eine v{\"o}llig neue Kategorie entstanden, der Aspekt. In den fr{\"u}hen Grammatiken des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde die Konstruktion be + V-ing, die den Progressiven Aspekt ausdr{\"u}ckt, noch nicht einmal erw{\"a}hnt (z.B. John Wallis 1653, Jeremiah Wharton 1654, Joseph Aickin 1693). Es ist interessant, daß sie zum ersten Mal von einem Ausl{\"a}nder Beachtung findet: Guy Miege f{\"u}hrt diese Konstruktion auf in seiner Englischen Grammatik von 1688. Eine ausf{\"u}hrliche und systematische Beschreibung erfolgt dann aber erst gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts (James Pickbourne 1789). Er integriert die Progressive Form in das Tempussystem und unterscheidet somit insgesamt 18 Tempora im Englischen. Andere Grammatiker nennen 3 oder 5 oder 7 Tempora. Der Aufsatz beschreibt verschiedene Herangehensweisen an die Beschreibung des neu entstandenen Englischen Tempus- und Aspektsystems in der Grammatikschreibung des 18. Jahrhunderts. Ein zentraler Punkt ist die Integration der aspektuellen Unterscheidung zwischen Einfacher und Progressiver Form, die sich in dieser Zeit gerade erst in der Sprache etabliert hatte.}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer2006, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Grammaticalization}, isbn = {0-08-044361-3}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Wischer2006, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Brinton, L. J., Traugott, E. C., Lexicalization and Language Change; Cambridge, Univ.-Press, 2006}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2006, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Grammaticalisation and language contact in the history of English : the evolution of the progressive form}, isbn = {978-3-631- 55006-9}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2006, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Markers of futurity in old english and the grammaticalization of shall and will}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2005, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Die Anwendung moderner Tempus- und Aspekttheorien auf die altenglische Sprache}, isbn = {3-631-54482-0}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer2004, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {The HAVE-perfect in Old English}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2003, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Reich, S., Struktur und Erwerb der englischen Nominalphrase; T{\"u}bingen, Niemeyer, 2004}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer2004, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Old English Prefixed Verbs and the Question of Aspect and Aktionsart}, isbn = {3-88476- 702-X}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2003, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {On the origin and current status of African American vernacular english}, isbn = {3-89626-292-0}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2003, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Structure and acquisition of the English nominal phrase}, issn = {0044-2305}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2003, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {The Treatment of Aspect Distinctions in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Grammars of English}, isbn = {3-906770- 97-4}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @misc{Wischer2010, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {L{\´o}pez-Couso, M. J. (Hrsg.) , Seoane, E. (Hrsg.), Rethinking Grammaticalization; Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Grammaticalization, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 2008}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @misc{Wischer1998, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Tieken-Boon van Ostade, I. (Hrsg.), Two Hundred Years of Lindley Murray; M{\"u}nster, Nodus, 1996}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer1996, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Historical phonology revisited}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2008, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Englisch-Franz{\"o}sischer Sprachkontakt und die Kontroverse um die (Dis)Kontinuit{\"a}t der englischen Sprachentwicklung}, isbn = {978-3- 8233-6362-0}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer1997, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {International versus external factors in the origin and development of the English of-phrase functioning as a noun modifier}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer1991, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Explikative Relationen : ihre sprachliche Realisierung im Englischen und im Deutschen}, year = {1991}, language = {de} } @misc{Wischer2009, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Rissanen, M. (Hrsg.), Hintikka, M. (Hrsg.), Kahlas-Tarkka, L. (Hrsg.), McConchie, R. (Hrsg.), Change in Meaning and the Meaning of Change; Helsinki, Soci{\´e}t{\´e} N{\´e}ophilologique, 2007}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{Wischer2010, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {Sekretion und Exaptation als Mechanismen in der Wortbildung und Grammatik}, isbn = {978-3-11-022385-9}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @article{Wischer2010, author = {Wischer, Ilse}, title = {On the use of beon and wesan in Old English}, isbn = {978-90-272-4832-9}, year = {2010}, language = {en} }