@article{BondueScheithauer2015,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert},
  title     = {Narcissistic Symptoms in German School Shooters},
  series = {International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology},
  number    = {14},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0306-624X},
  doi       = {10.1177/0306624X14544155},
  pages     = {1520 -- 1535},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {School shooters are often described as narcissistic, but empirical evidence is scant. To provide more reliable and detailed information, we conducted an exploratory study, analyzing police investigation files on seven school shootings in Germany, looking for symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) in witnesses' and offenders' reports and expert psychological evaluations. Three out of four offenders who had been treated for mental disorders prior to the offenses displayed detached symptoms of narcissism, but none was diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. Of the other three, two displayed narcissistic traits. In one case, the number of symptoms would have justified a diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. Offenders showed low and high self-esteem and a range of other mental disorders. Thus, narcissism is not a common characteristic of school shooters, but possibly more frequent than in the general population. This should be considered in developing adequate preventive and intervention measures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BondueBeier2015,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Beier, Sophia},
  title     = {Two of a Kind? Differences and similarities of attacks in schools and in institutes of higher aducation},
  series = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0886-2605},
  doi       = {10.1177/0886260514533156},
  pages     = {253 -- 271},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term "school attack" should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders' age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures.},
  language  = {en}
}