@article{KruseKolmogorovPestryakovaetal.2020,
  author    = {Kruse, Stefan and Kolmogorov, Aleksey I. and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Long-lived larch clones may conserve adaptations that could restrict treeline migration in northern Siberia},
  series = {Ecology and evolution},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Ecology and evolution},
  number    = {18},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2045-7758},
  doi       = {10.1002/ece3.6660},
  pages     = {10017 -- 10030},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The occurrence of refugia beyond the arctic treeline and genetic adaptation therein play a crucial role of largely unknown effect size. While refugia have potential for rapidly colonizing the tundra under global warming, the taxa may be maladapted to the new environmental conditions. Understanding the genetic composition and age of refugia is thus crucial for predicting any migration response. Here, we genotype 194 larch individuals from an similar to 1.8 km(2)area in northcentral Siberia on the southern Taimyr Peninsula by applying an assay of 16 nuclear microsatellite markers. For estimating the age of clonal individuals, we counted tree rings at sections along branches to establish a lateral growth rate that was then combined with geographic distance. Findings reveal that the predominant reproduction type is clonal (58.76\%) by short distance spreading of ramets. One outlier of clones 1 km apart could have been dispersed by reindeer. In clonal groups and within individuals, we find that somatic mutations accumulate with geographic distance. Clonal groups of two or more individuals are observed. Clonal age estimates regularly suggest individuals as old as 2,200 years, which coincides with a major environmental change that forced a treeline retreat in the region. We conclude that individuals with clonal growth mode were naturally selected as it lowers the likely risk of extinction under a harsh environment. We discuss this legacy from the past that might now be a maladaptation and hinder expansion under currently strongly increasing temperatures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DalleauKramerSchadtGangatetal.2019,
  author    = {Dalleau, Mayeul and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Gangat, Yassine and Bourjea, Jerome and Lajoie, Gilles and Grimm, Volker},
  title     = {Modeling the emergence of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots of the green sea turtle},
  series = {Ecology and evolution},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Ecology and evolution},
  number    = {18},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2045-7758},
  doi       = {10.1002/ece3.5552},
  pages     = {10317 -- 10342},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Environmental factors shape the spatial distribution and dynamics of populations. Understanding how these factors interact with movement behavior is critical for efficient conservation, in particular for migratory species. Adult female green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, migrate between foraging and nesting sites that are generally separated by thousands of kilometers. As an emblematic endangered species, green turtles have been intensively studied, with a focus on nesting, migration, and foraging. Nevertheless, few attempts integrated these behaviors and their trade-offs by considering the spatial configurations of foraging and nesting grounds as well as environmental heterogeneity like oceanic currents and food distribution. We developed an individual-based model to investigate the impact of local environmental conditions on emerging migratory corridors and reproductive output and to thereby identify conservation priority sites. The model integrates movement, nesting, and foraging behavior. Despite being largely conceptual, the model captured realistic movement patterns which confirm field studies. The spatial distribution of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots was mostly constrained by features of the regional landscape, such as nesting site locations, distribution of feeding patches, and oceanic currents. These constraints also explained the mixing patterns in regional forager communities. By implementing alternative decision strategies of the turtles, we found that foraging site fidelity and nesting investment, two characteristics of green turtles' biology, are favorable strategies under unpredictable environmental conditions affecting their habitats. Based on our results, we propose specific guidelines for the regional conservation of green turtles as well as future research suggestions advancing spatial ecology of sea turtles. Being implemented in an easy to learn open-source software, our model can coevolve with the collection and analysis of new data on energy budget and movement into a generic tool for sea turtle research and conservation. Our modeling approach could also be useful for supporting the conservation of other migratory marine animals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchurrPagelSarmentoetal.2012,
  author    = {Schurr, Frank Martin and Pagel, J{\"o}rn and Sarmento, Juliano Sarmento and Groeneveld, Juergen and Bykova, Olga and O'Hara, Robert B. and Hartig, Florian and Kissling, W. Daniel and Linder, H. Peter and Midgley, Guy F. and Schr{\"o}der-Esselbach, Boris and Singer, Alexander and Zimmermann, Niklaus E.},
  title     = {How to understand species' niches and range dynamics: a demographic research agenda for biogeography},
  series = {Journal of biogeography},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Journal of biogeography},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0305-0270},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02737.x},
  pages     = {2146 -- 2162},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Range dynamics causes mismatches between a species geographical distribution and the set of suitable environments in which population growth is positive (the Hutchinsonian niche). This is because sourcesink population dynamics cause species to occupy unsuitable environments, and because environmental change creates non-equilibrium situations in which species may be absent from suitable environments (due to migration limitation) or present in unsuitable environments that were previously suitable (due to time-delayed extinction). Because correlative species distribution models do not account for these processes, they are likely to produce biased niche estimates and biased forecasts of future range dynamics. Recently developed dynamic range models (DRMs) overcome this problem: they statistically estimate both range dynamics and the underlying environmental response of demographic rates from species distribution data. This process-based statistical approach qualitatively advances biogeographical analyses. Yet, the application of DRMs to a broad range of species and study systems requires substantial research efforts in statistical modelling, empirical data collection and ecological theory. Here we review current and potential contributions of these fields to a demographic understanding of niches and range dynamics. Our review serves to formulate a demographic research agenda that entails: (1) advances in incorporating process-based models of demographic responses and range dynamics into a statistical framework, (2) systematic collection of data on temporal changes in distribution and abundance and on the response of demographic rates to environmental variation, and (3) improved theoretical understanding of the scaling of demographic rates and the dynamics of spatially coupled populations. This demographic research agenda is challenging but necessary for improved comprehension and quantification of niches and range dynamics. It also forms the basis for understanding how niches and range dynamics are shaped by evolutionary dynamics and biotic interactions. Ultimately, the demographic research agenda should lead to deeper integration of biogeography with empirical and theoretical ecology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Maercklin2004,
  author    = {Maercklin, Nils},
  title     = {Seismic structure of the Arava Fault, Dead Sea Transform},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001469},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Ein transversales St{\"o}rungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von S{\"u}den nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer {\"u}ber das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Mioz{\"a}n vor etwa 17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig {\"u}ber der Arava St{\"o}rung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus k{\"u}nstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen {\"u}ber die St{\"o}rung und entsprechend entworfenen Empf{\"a}nger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3-4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P-zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverh{\"a}ltnis und es gibt Anzeichen f{\"u}r {\"A}nderungen {\"u}ber die St{\"o}rung hinweg. Hoch aufgel{\"o}ste tomographische Geschwindigkeitsmodelle best{\"a}tigen der Verlauf der AF und stimmen gut mit der Oberfl{\"a}chengeologie {\"u}berein. Modelle des elektrischen Widerstands aus magnetotellurischen Messungen im selben Gebiet zeigen eine leitf{\"a}hige Schicht westlich der AF, schlecht leitendes Material {\"o}stlich davon und einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF, die den Fluss von Fluiden von einer Seite zur anderen zu verhindern scheint. Die Korrelation seismischer Geschwindigkeiten und elektrischer Widerst{\"a}nde erlaubt eine Charakterisierung verschiedener Lithologien im Untergrund aus deren physikalischen Eigenschaften. Die westliche Seite l{\"a}sst sich durch eine geschichtete Struktur beschreiben, wogegen die {\"o}stliche Seite eher einheitlich erscheint. Die senkrechte Grenze zwischen den westlichen Einheiten und der {\"o}stlichen scheint gegen{\"u}ber der Oberfl{\"a}chenauspr{\"a}gung der AF nach Osten verschoben zu sein. Eine Modellierung von seismischen Reflexionen an einer St{\"o}rung deutet an, dass die Grenze zwischen niedrigen und hohen Geschwindigkeiten eher scharf ist, sich aber durch eine raue Oberfl{\"a}che auf der L{\"a}ngenskala einiger hundert Meter auszeichnen kann, was die Streuung seismischer Wellen beg{\"u}nstigte. Das verwendete Abbildungsverfahren (Migrationsverfahren) f{\"u}r seismische Streuk{\"o}rper basiert auf Array Beamforming und der Koh{\"a}renzanalyse P-zu-P gestreuter seismischer Phasen. Eine sorgf{\"a}ltige Bestimmung der Aufl{\"o}sung sichert zuverl{\"a}ssige Abbildungsergebnisse. Die niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten im Westen entsprechen der jungen sediment{\"a}ren F{\"u}llung im Arava Tal, und die hohen Geschwindigkeiten stehen mit den dortigen pr{\"a}kambrischen Magmatiten in Verbindung. Eine 7 km lange Zone seismischer Streuung (Reflektor) ist gegen{\"u}ber der an der Oberfl{\"a}che sichtbaren AF um 1 km nach Osten verschoben und l{\"a}sst sich im Tiefenbereich von 1 km bis 4 km abbilden. Dieser Reflektor markiert die Grenze zwischen zwei lithologischen Bl{\"o}cken, die vermutlich wegen des horizontalen Versatzes entlang der DST nebeneinander zu liegen kamen. Diese Interpretation als lithologische Grenze wird durch die gemeinsame Auswertung der seismischen und magnetotellurischen Modelle gest{\"u}tzt. Die Grenze ist m{\"o}glicherweise ein Ast der AF, der versetzt gegen{\"u}ber des heutigen, aktiven Asts verl{\"a}uft. Der Gesamtversatz der DST k{\"o}nnte r{\"a}umlich und zeitlich auf diese beiden {\"A}ste und m{\"o}glicherweise auch auf andere St{\"o}rungen in dem Gebiet verteilt sein.},
  language  = {en}
}