@article{KlausIgualGilOst2021,
  author    = {Klaus, Susanne and Igual Gil, Carla and Ost, Mario},
  title     = {Regulation of diurnal energy balance by mitokines},
  series = {Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS},
  volume    = {78},
  journal   = {Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing AG},
  address   = {Cham (ZG)},
  issn      = {1420-682X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00018-020-03748-9},
  pages     = {3369 -- 3384},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The mammalian system of energy balance regulation is intrinsically rhythmic with diurnal oscillations of behavioral and metabolic traits according to the 24 h day/night cycle, driven by cellular circadian clocks and synchronized by environmental or internal cues such as metabolites and hormones associated with feeding rhythms. Mitochondria are crucial organelles for cellular energy generation and their biology is largely under the control of the circadian system. Whether mitochondrial status might also feed-back on the circadian system, possibly via mitokines that are induced by mitochondrial stress as endocrine-acting molecules, remains poorly understood. Here, we describe our current understanding of the diurnal regulation of systemic energy balance, with focus on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), two well-known endocrine-acting metabolic mediators. FGF21 shows a diurnal oscillation and directly affects the output of the brain master clock. Moreover, recent data demonstrated that mitochondrial stress-induced GDF15 promotes a day-time restricted anorexia and systemic metabolic remodeling as shown in UCP1-transgenic mice, where both FGF21 and GDF15 are induced as myomitokines. In this mouse model of slightly uncoupled skeletal muscle mitochondria GDF15 proved responsible for an increased metabolic flexibility and a number of beneficial metabolic adaptations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying energy balance regulation by mitokines are just starting to emerge, and more data on diurnal patterns in mouse and man are required. This will open new perspectives into the diurnal nature of mitokines and action both in health and disease.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StadionSchuermann2020,
  author    = {Stadion, Mandy and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette},
  title     = {Intermittierendes Fasten},
  series = {Der Diabetologe},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Der Diabetologe},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Springer Medizin},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1860-9716},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11428-020-00666-z},
  pages     = {641 -- 646},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Obesity increases the risk of metabolic disorders and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the treatment and prevention of obesity represent important medical challenges. Increased physical activity and a reduction in daily caloric intake of 25-30\% are often recommended. Another possibility is intermittent fasting, by limiting dietary caloric content over certain times, i.e. one or more days a week or for more than 14 h a day. Animal and human studies provide evidence that intermittent fasting in obesity leads to a reduction in body fat mass as well as to improvements of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity. These positive effects are mediated not only by the decrease in body mass, but also by the activation of metabolic pathways and cellular processes that are specific for fasting conditions. In this article, we describe the current knowledge about the mechanisms induced by intermittent fasting and present results from randomized controlled human trials.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StadionSchuermann2020,
  author    = {Stadion, Mandy and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette},
  title     = {Intermittent fasting},
  series = {Psychotherapeut},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {Psychotherapeut},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0935-6185},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00278-020-00471-5},
  pages     = {23 -- 27},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {A long-term positive energy balance leads to overweight and obesity. Adiposity is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer and is often accompanied by depression. The increasing prevalence creates a major problem for the healthcare system. The conservative management of obesity strives for weight loss by reducing the daily caloric intake and increasing physical activity as well as an improvement in the quality of life supported by psychological interventions. For reducing body weight, intermittent fasting represents an alternative to continuous calorie restriction as it can be easily integrated into daily life. In this form of diet calorie intake is limited in time, i.e. on 2 days in the week or 6-10 h per day. Animal and human studies provide evidence that intermittent fasting over a longer time period is a suitable method to decrease body fat and to improve many metabolic parameters. Fasting alters metabolism and activates specific cellular pathways. These have not only cardioprotective effects but also neuroprotective and antidepressive effects. In this article the currently discussed mechanisms induced by intermittent fasting are highlighted and the essential observations from randomized controlled human trials are presented.},
  language  = {de}
}