@article{HoffmannCortesGarciaWarschburger2018,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Svenja Sarah Helen and Cortes-Garcia, Laura and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescent boys and girls},
  series = {Journal of adolescence},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of adolescence},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0140-1971},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.005},
  pages     = {70 -- 77},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Introduction: The goal of the present study was to identify the prospective relations between weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescents. Methods: Self-report data of 966 German male and female adolescents were analyzed in a cross lagged panel design. Results: Analyses of latent means revealed significant correlations between weight/shape concern and emotional problems as well as between muscularity concern and emotional problems in both genders. Moreover, weight/shape concern predicted emotional problems prospectively, but only in girls. Regarding muscularity concern, we could not find any prospective relation with emotional problems In boys or girls from the general population. Conclusions: It is assumed that as appearance is highly relevant for the self-concept in girls, concerns about the look might promote emotional problems. Thus, weight/shape concern should be addressed in the prevention of emotional problems in adolescent girls, whereas further research is necessary investigating the contribution of muscularity concern in this context.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoffmannWarschburger2019,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Prospective relations among internalization of beauty ideals, body image concerns, and body change behaviors},
  series = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1740-1445},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.011},
  pages     = {159 -- 167},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Common models propose that the internalization of societal beauty ideals influences disordered eating behaviors and muscularity-oriented behaviors via body image concerns. However, previous studies addressing these pathways have been mainly cross-sectional and primarily included female samples. We investigated these pathways prospectively in male and female adolescents and young adults, examining two pathways: a 'weight/shape pathway,' linking thin-ideal internalization, weight/shape concern, and restrained eating, and a 'muscularity pathway,' linking athletic-ideal internalization, muscularity concern, and muscularity-oriented behavior. Across three time points, 973 participants from the German general population were assessed. Although the hypothesized pathways could not be supported in their complete temporal sequence, several hypothesized pathways occurred across two time points. Among others, weight/shape concern predicted restrained eating and the athletic ideal played a prominent role in the prediction of muscularity-oriented behavior in both genders.},
  language  = {en}
}