@article{PueblaAntunesFelser2022, author = {Puebla Antunes, Cecilia and Felser, Claudia}, title = {Discourse Prominence and Antecedent MisRetrieval during Native and Non-Native Pronoun Resolution}, series = {Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique}, journal = {Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique}, number = {29}, publisher = {Universit{\´e} de Paris-Sorbonne, Maion Recherche}, address = {Paris}, issn = {1963-1723}, doi = {10.4000/discours.11720}, pages = {33}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Previous studies on non-native (L2) anaphor resolution suggest that L2 comprehenders are guided more strongly by discourse-level cues compared to native (L1) comprehenders. Here we examine whether and how a grammatically inappropriate antecedent's discourse status affects the likelihood of it being considered during L1 and L2 pronoun resolution. We used an interference paradigm to examine how the extrasentential discourse impacts the resolution of German object pronouns. In an eye-tracking-during-reading experiment we examined whether an elaborated local antecedent ruled out by binding Condition B would be mis-retrieved during pronoun resolution, and whether initially introducing this antecedent as the discourse topic would affect the chances of it being mis-retrieved. While both participant groups rejected the inappropriate antecedent in an offline questionnaire irrespective of its discourse prominence, their real-time processing patterns differed. L1 speakers initially mis-retrieved the inappropriate antecedent regardless of its contextual prominence. L1 Russian/L2 German speakers, in contrast, were affected by the antecedent's discourse status, considering it only when it was discourse-new but not when it had previously been introduced as the discourse topic. Our findings show that L2 comprehenders are highly sensitive to discourse dynamics such as topic shifts, supporting the claim that discourse-level cues are more strongly weighted during L2 compared to L1 processing.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmider2021, author = {Schmider, Stephan}, title = {Was ist HipHop?}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52375}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-523759}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {225}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Es handelt sich bei der vorliegenden Dissertation um eine investigative Forschungsarbeit, die sich mit dem dynamisch wandelnden HipHop-Ph{\"a}nomen befasst. Der Autor erl{\"a}utert hierbei die anhaltende Attraktivit{\"a}t des kulturellen Ph{\"a}nomens HipHop und versucht die Tatsache der stetigen Reproduzierbarkeit des HipHops genauer zu erkl{\"a}ren. Daher beginnt er mit einer historischen Diskursanalyse der HipHop-Kultur. Er analysiert hierf{\"u}r die Formen, die Protagonisten und die Diskurse des HipHops, um diesen besser verstehen zu k{\"o}nnen. Durch die Herausarbeitung der genuinen Eigenschaft der Mehrfachkodierbarkeit des HipHops werden g{\"a}ngige Erkl{\"a}rungsmuster aus Wissenschaft und Medien relativiert und kritisiert. Der Autor kombiniert in seiner Studie kultur- und erziehungswissenschaftliche Literatur mit diversen aktuellen und historischen Darstellungen und Bildern. Es werden vor allem bildbasierte Selbstinszenierungen von HipHoppern und Selbstzeugnisse aus narrativen Interviews, die er selbst mit verschiedenen HipHoppern in Deutschland gef{\"u}hrt hat, ausgewertet. Neben den narrativen Interviews dient vor allem die Bildinterpretation nach Bohnsack als Quelle zur Bildung der These der Mehrfachkodierbarkeit. Hierbei werden zwei Bilder der HipHopper Lady Bitch Ray und Kollegah nach Bohnsack (2014) interpretiert und gezeigt wie HipHop neben der lyrischen und der klanglichen Komponente auch visuell inszeniert und produziert wird. Hieraus wird geschlussfolgert, dass es im HipHop m{\"o}glich ist kontr{\"a}re Sichtweisen bei gleichzeitiger Anwendung von typischen Kulturpraktiken wie zum Beispiel dem Boasting darzustellen und zu vermitteln. Die stetige Offenheit des HipHops wird durch Praktiken wie dem Sampling oder dem Battle deutlich und der Autor erkl{\"a}rt, dass durch diese Techniken die generative Eigenschaft der Mehrfachkodierbarkeit hergestellt wird. Damit vertritt er eine Art Baukasten-Theorie, die besagt, dass sich prinzipiell jeder aus dem Baukasten HipHop, je nach Vorliebe, Interesse und Affinit{\"a}t, bedienen kann. Durch die Vielfalt an Meinungen zu HipHop, die der Autor durch die Kodierung der gef{\"u}hrten narrativen Interviews erh{\"a}lt, wird diese These verdeutlicht und es wird klar, dass es sich bei HipHop um mehr als nur eine Mode handelt. HipHop besitzt die prinzipielle M{\"o}glichkeit durch die Offenheit, die er in sich tr{\"a}gt, sich stetig neu zu wandeln und damit an Beliebtheit und Popularit{\"a}t zuzunehmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit erweitert damit die immer gr{\"o}ßer werdende Forschung in den HipHop-Studies und setzt wichtige Akzente um weiter zu forschen und HipHop besser verst{\"a}ndlich zu machen.}, language = {de} } @article{Rothermel2020, author = {Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin}, title = {Gender in the United Nations' agenda on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism}, series = {International feminist journal of politics}, volume = {22}, journal = {International feminist journal of politics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1461-6742}, doi = {10.1080/14616742.2020.1827967}, pages = {720 -- 741}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The United Nations (UN) policy agenda on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE) promotes a "holistic" approach to counterterrorism, which includes elements traditionally found in security and development programs. Advocates of the agenda increasingly emphasize the importance of gender mainstreaming for counterterrorism goals. In this article, I scrutinize the merging of the goals of gender equality, security, and development into a global agenda for counterterrorism. A critical feminist discourse-analytical reading of gender representations in P/CVE shows how problematic imageries of women as victims, economic entrepreneurs, and peacemakers from both the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and the Women, Peace and Security agenda are reproduced in core UN documents advocating for a "holistic" P/CVE approach. By highlighting the tensions that are produced by efforts to merge the different gender discourses across the UN's security and development institutions, the article underlines the relevance of considering the particular position of P/CVE at the security-development nexus for further gender-sensitive analysis and policies of counterterrorism.}, language = {en} } @article{StegenwallnerSchuetzAdani2020, author = {Stegenwallner-Sch{\"u}tz, Maja and Adani, Flavia}, title = {Production of referring expressions by children with ASD}, series = {Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics}, volume = {27}, journal = {Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1048-9223}, doi = {10.1080/10489223.2020.1769625}, pages = {276 -- 305}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study examines the discourse basis for referent accessibility and its relation to the choice of referring expressions by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typically developing children. The aim is to delineate how the linguistic and extra-linguistic context affects referent accessibility to the speaker. The study also examines the degree to which accessibility effects are modulated by cognitive factors such as working memory capacity. In the study, the contrast levels between the referent and a competitor (one contrast/two contrasts) and the syntactic prominence of the referent (subject/object position in the preceding question) were manipulated in an elicited production task. The results provide evidence that the referring expressions of children with ASD correlate with the discourse status of referents to a similar extent as in typically developing controls. All children were more likely to refer with lexical NPs to referents that contrasted on two levels with a highly prominent competitor, compared to referents that contrasted on one level. They were also more likely to produce pronouns for referents previously mentioned in the subject than the object position. The effect of both discourse factors was modulated by the age and working memory capacity of the children with and without ASD. Accordingly, the study suggests that children with ASD do not generally differ from children with typical development in their referential choices when the discourse status of a referent allows them to model the referent's accessibility from their own discourse perspective in a way that is modulated by working memory capacity.}, language = {en} } @article{GholiaghaHolzscheiterLiese2020, author = {Gholiagha, Sassan and Holzscheiter, Anna and Liese, Andrea}, title = {Activating norm collisions}, series = {Global constitutionalism}, volume = {9}, journal = {Global constitutionalism}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2045-3817}, doi = {10.1017/S2045381719000388}, pages = {290 -- 317}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This article puts forward a constructivist-interpretivist approach to interface conflicts that emphasises how international actors articulate and problematise norm collisions in discursive and social interactions. Our approach is decidedly agency-oriented and follows the Special Issue's interest in how interface conflicts play out at the micro-level. The article advances several theoretical and methodological propositions on how to identify norm collisions and the conditions under which they become the subject of international debate. Our argument on norm collisions, understood as situations in which actors perceive two norms as incompatible with each other, is threefold. First, we claim that agency matters to the analysis of the emergence, dynamics, management, and effects of norm collisions in international politics. Second, we propose to differentiate between dormant (subjectively perceived) and open norm collisions (intersubjectively shared). Third, we contend that the transition from dormant to open - which we term activation - depends on the existence of certain scope conditions concerning norm quality as well as changes in power structures and actor constellations. Empirically, we study norm collisions in the area of international drug control, presenting the field as one that contains several cases of dormant and open norm collisions, including those that constitute interface conflicts. For our in-depth analysis we have chosen the international discourse on coca leaf chewing. With this case, we not only seek to demonstrate the usefulness of our constructivist-interpretivist approach but also aim to explain under which conditions dormant norm collisions evolve into open collisions and even into interface conflicts.}, language = {en} } @article{HameisterNickels2018, author = {Hameister, Inga and Nickels, Lyndsey}, title = {The cat in the tree - using picture descriptions to inform our understanding of conceptualisation in aphasia}, series = {Language, cognition and neuroscience}, volume = {33}, journal = {Language, cognition and neuroscience}, number = {10}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {2327-3798}, doi = {10.1080/23273798.2018.1497801}, pages = {1296 -- 1314}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Conceptualisation is the first step of speech production and describes the process by which we map our thoughts onto spoken language. Recent studies suggest that some people with language impairments have conceptualisation deficits manifested by information selection and sequencing difficulties. In this study, we examined conceptualisation in the complex picture descriptions of individuals with and without aphasia. We analysed the number and the order of main concepts (ideas produced by >= 60\% of unimpaired speakers) and non-main concepts (e.g. irrelevant details). Half of the individuals with aphasia showed a reduced number of main concepts that could not be fully accounted for by their language production deficits. Moreover, individuals with aphasia produced both a larger amount of marginally relevant information, as well as having greater variability in the order of main concepts. Both findings provide support for the idea that conceptualisation deficits are a relatively common impairment in people with aphasia.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchmidtWellenburgLebaron2018, author = {Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian and Lebaron, Frederic}, title = {There is no such thing as "the Economy"}, series = {Historical Social Research}, volume = {43}, journal = {Historical Social Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {GESIS, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences}, address = {Cologne}, issn = {0172-6404}, doi = {10.12759/hsr.43.2018.3.7-38}, pages = {7 -- 38}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This introductory essay to the HSR Special Issue "Economists, Politics, and Society" argues for a strong field-theoretical programme inspired by Pierre Bourdieu to research economic life as an integral part of different social forms. Its main aim is threefold. First, we spell out the very distinct Durkheimian legacy in Bourdieu's thinking and the way he applies it in researching economic phenomena. Without this background, much of what is actually part of how Bourdieu analysed economic aspects of social life would be overlooked or reduced to mere economic sociology. Second, we sketch the main theoretical concepts and heuristics used to analyse economic life from a field perspective. Third, we focus on practical methodological issues of field-analytical research into economic phenomena. We conclude with a short summary of the basic characteristics of this approach and discuss the main insights provided by the contributions to this special issue.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtWellenburg2018, author = {Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian}, title = {Struggling over crisis}, series = {Historical Social Research}, volume = {43}, journal = {Historical Social Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {GESIS, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences}, address = {Cologne}, issn = {0172-6404}, doi = {10.12759/hsr.43.2018.3.147-188}, pages = {147 -- 188}, year = {2018}, abstract = {If you put two economists in a room, you get two opinions, unless one of them is Lord Keynes, in which case you get three opinions." Following the premise of this quotation attributed to Winston Churchill, varying perceptions of the European crisis by academic economists and their structural homology to economists' positions in the field of economics are examined. The dataset analysed using specific multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) comprises information on the careers of 480 German-speaking economists and on statements they made concerning crisis-related issues. It can be shown that the main structural differences in the composition and amount of scientific and academic capital held by economists as well as their age and degree of transnationalisation are linked to how they see the crisis: as a national sovereign debt crisis, as a European banking crisis, or as a crisis of European integration and institutions.}, language = {en} } @misc{PaapeHemforthVasishth2018, author = {Paape, Dario L. J. F. and Hemforth, Barbara and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {Processing of ellipsis with garden-path antecedents in French and German}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {452}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414062}, pages = {46}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In a self-paced reading study on German sluicing, Paape (Paape, 2016) found that reading times were shorter at the ellipsis site when the antecedent was a temporarily ambiguous garden-path structure. As a post-hoc explanation of this finding, Paape assumed that the antecedent's memory representation was reactivated during syntactic reanalysis, making it easier to retrieve. In two eye tracking experiments, we subjected the reactivation hypothesis to further empirical scrutiny. Experiment 1, carried out in French, showed no evidence in favor in the reactivation hypothesis. Instead, results for one out of the three types of garden-path sentences that were tested suggest that subjects sometimes failed to resolve the temporary ambiguity in the antecedent clause, and subsequently failed to resolve the ellipsis. The results of Experiment 2, a conceptual replication of Paape's (Paape, 2016) original study carried out in German, are compatible with the reactivation hypothesis, but leave open the possibility that the observed speedup for ambiguous antecedents may be due to occasional retrievals of an incorrect structure.}, language = {en} } @article{PaapeHemforthVasishth2018, author = {Paape, Dario L. J. F. and Hemforth, Barbara and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {Processing of ellipsis with garden-path antecedents in French and German}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {13}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {6}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0198620}, pages = {1 -- 46}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In a self-paced reading study on German sluicing, Paape (Paape, 2016) found that reading times were shorter at the ellipsis site when the antecedent was a temporarily ambiguous garden-path structure. As a post-hoc explanation of this finding, Paape assumed that the antecedent's memory representation was reactivated during syntactic reanalysis, making it easier to retrieve. In two eye tracking experiments, we subjected the reactivation hypothesis to further empirical scrutiny. Experiment 1, carried out in French, showed no evidence in favor in the reactivation hypothesis. Instead, results for one out of the three types of garden-path sentences that were tested suggest that subjects sometimes failed to resolve the temporary ambiguity in the antecedent clause, and subsequently failed to resolve the ellipsis. The results of Experiment 2, a conceptual replication of Paape's (Paape, 2016) original study carried out in German, are compatible with the reactivation hypothesis, but leave open the possibility that the observed speedup for ambiguous antecedents may be due to occasional retrievals of an incorrect structure.}, language = {en} } @article{MartinezFerreiroReyesBastiaanse2017, author = {Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia and Reyes, Andres Felipe and Bastiaanse, Roelien}, title = {Overcoming discourse-linking difficulties in aphasia}, series = {Clinical linguistics \& phonetics}, volume = {31}, journal = {Clinical linguistics \& phonetics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0269-9206}, doi = {10.1080/02699206.2017.1308015}, pages = {459 -- 477}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present study aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the impact of discourse-linking deficits on the performance of individuals with aphasia by providing new data from a set of rarely investigated constructions: sentences in which a clitic pronoun coexists alongside with the full DP it agrees with. To do so, we use data of individuals with non-fluent aphasias who need to overcome the difficulties in direct object (accusative) clitic production. This results in overproduction of non-target clitic right dislocations (RDs) and clitic doubling (CD). Data from 15 individual's native speakers of Spanish and Catalan are discussed. Data complement the results of previous investigations on discourse-linking effects in these languages, allowing the interpretation of results across constructions.}, language = {en} } @misc{Thomae2017, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Thom{\"a}, Jonas}, title = {Swearing in a public place}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409521}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {81}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Vorkommen von Schimpfw{\"o}rtern auf der online Plattform "Reddit". Die drei zugrundeliegenden Forschungsfragen sind: Wie oft werden Schimpfw{\"o}rter benutzt? Wie werden diese von den Lesern aufgenommen? Beeinflusst das Thema einer Konversation die Reaktion der Leser und die allgemeine H{\"a}ufigkeit der Nutzung? Die zugrundeliegenden Daten beinhalten fast 900 Millionen W{\"o}rter und stammen aus dem Februar 2017. Sie sind damit h{\"o}chstaktuell und repr{\"a}sentativ. Im Vergleich zu anderen Untersuchungen ist das Korpus damit wesentlich gr{\"o}ßer. Zus{\"a}tzlich werden im theoretischen Teil die linguistischen Grundlagen zu Schimpfw{\"o}rtern er{\"o}rtert. Dazu geh{\"o}ren u.a. Konzepte wie die H{\"o}flichkeitstheorie, das Thema Tabu und die dazugeh{\"o}renden Worte und Zensur. Dies wird getan um die Faktoren, die die Benutzung und Verwendung von Schimpfw{\"o}rtern beeinflussen darzulegen. Dabei wird herausgestellt, was Schimpfw{\"o}rter so besonders im Vergleich zu anderen Wortgruppen macht. Zudem werden weitere Forschungsergebnisse, die aus anderen Korpora stammen dargelegt und hinterher mit den Resultaten verglichen. Dies beinhaltet Korpora die sich ebenfalls aus Onlinekommunikationen zusammensetzen, sowie Korpora die gesprochene Sprache wiedergeben. Die Ergebnisse aus allen dargestellten Korpora behandeln Ergebnisse aus der englischen Sprache. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen daraufhin, dass die Schimpfw{\"o}rter auf Reddit ungef{\"a}hr gleichh{\"a}ufig wie auf anderen Plattformen benutzt werden. Die Reaktionen auf diese Schimpfw{\"o}rter ist {\"u}berdurchschnittlich positiv, was darauf schließen l{\"a}sst, dass die Benutzung von Schimpfw{\"o}rtern auf Reddit nicht als unh{\"o}flich aufgefasst wird. Zudem konnte ein Einfluss des Diskussionsthemas auf die H{\"a}ufigkeit und Rezeption von Schimpfw{\"o}rtern festgestellt werden.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Haendler2016, author = {Haendler, Yair}, title = {Effects of embedded pronouns on relative clause processing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396883}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvi, 186}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Difficulties with object relative clauses (ORC), as compared to subject relative clauses (SR), are widely attested across different languages, both in adults and in children. This SR-ORC asymmetry is reduced, or even eliminated, when the embedded constituent in the ORC is a pronoun, rather than a lexical noun phrase. The studies included in this thesis were designed to explore under what circumstances the pronoun facilitation occurs; whether all pronouns have the same effect; whether SRs are also affected by embedded pronouns; whether children perform like adults on such structures; and whether performance is related to cognitive abilities such as memory or grammatical knowledge. Several theoretical approaches that explain the pronoun facilitation in relative clauses are evaluated. The experimental data have been collected in three languages-German, Italian and Hebrew-stemming from both children and adults. In the German study (Chapter 2), ORCs with embedded 1st- or 3rd-person pronouns are compared to ORCs with an embedded lexical noun phrase. Eye-movement data from 5-year-old children show that the 1st-person pronoun facilitates processing, but not the 3rd-person pronoun. Moreover, children's performance is modulated by additive effects of their memory and grammatical skills. In the Italian study (Chapter 3), the 1st-person pronoun advantage over the 3rd-person pronoun is tested in ORCs and SRs that display a similar word order. Eye-movement data from 5-year-olds and adult controls and reading times data from adults are pitted against the outcome of a corpus analysis, showing that the 1st-/3rd-person pronoun asymmetry emerges in the two relative clause types to an equal extent. In the Hebrew study (Chapter 4), the goal is to test the effect of a special kind of pronoun-a non-referential arbitrary subject pronoun-on ORC comprehension, in the light of potential confounds in previous studies that used this pronoun. Data from a referent-identification task with 4- to 5-year-olds indicate that, when the experimental material is controlled, the non-referential pronoun does not necessarily facilitate ORC comprehension. Importantly, however, children have even more difficulties when the embedded constituent is a referential pronoun. The non-referentiality / referentiality asymmetry is emphasized by the relation between children's performance on the experimental task and their memory skills. Together, the data presented in this thesis indicate that sentence processing is not only driven by structural (or syntactic) factors, but also by discourse-related ones, like pronouns' referential properties or their discourse accessibility mechanism, which is defined as the level of ease or difficulty with which referents of pronouns are identified and retrieved from the discourse model. Although independent in essence, these structural and discourse factors can in some cases interact in a way that affects sentence processing. Moreover, both types of factors appear to be strongly related to memory. The data also support the idea that, from early on, children are sensitive to the same factors that affect adults' sentence processing, and that the processing strategies of both populations are qualitatively similar. In sum, this thesis suggests that a comprehensive theory of human sentence processing needs to account for effects that are due to both structural and discourse-related factors, which operate as a function of memory capacity.}, language = {en} } @article{HaendlerKlieglAdani2015, author = {Haendler, Yair and Kliegl, Reinhold and Adani, Flavia}, title = {Discourse accessibility constraints in children's processing of object relative clauses}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00360}, pages = {17}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Children's poor performance on object relative clauses has been explained in terms of intervention locality. This approach predicts that object relatives with a full DP head and an embedded pronominal subject are easier than object relatives in which both the head noun and the embedded subject are full DPs. This prediction is shared by other accounts formulated to explain processing mechanisms. We conducted a visual-world study designed to test the off-line comprehension and on-line processing of object relatives in German-speaking 5-year-olds. Children were tested on three types of object relatives, all having a full DP head noun and differing with respect to the type of nominal phrase that appeared in the embedded subject position: another full DP, a 1st- or a 3rd-person pronoun. Grammatical skills and memory capacity were also assessed in order to see whether and how they affect children's performance. Most accurately processed were object relatives with 1st-person pronoun, independently of children's language and memory skills. Performance on object relatives with two full DPs was overall more accurate than on object relatives with 3rd-person pronoun. In the former condition, children with stronger grammatical skills accurately processed the structure and their memory abilities determined how fast they were; in the latter condition, children only processed accurately the structure if they were strong both in their grammatical skills and in their memory capacity. The results are discussed in the light of accounts that predict different pronoun effects like the ones we find, which depend on the referential properties of the pronouns. We then discuss which role language and memory abilities might have in processing object relatives with various embedded nominal phrases.}, language = {en} } @article{HaendlerKlieglAdani2015, author = {Haendler, Yair and Kliegl, Reinhold and Adani, Flavia}, title = {Discourse accessibility constraints in children´s processing of object relative clauses}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, number = {860}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00860}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Children's poor performance on object relative clauses has been explained in terms of intervention locality. This approach predicts that object relatives with a full DP head and an embedded pronominal subject are easier than object relatives in which both the head noun and the embedded subject are full DPs. This prediction is shared by other accounts formulated to explain processing mechanisms. We conducted a visual-world study designed to test the off-line comprehension and on-line processing of object relatives in German-speaking 5-year-olds. Children were tested on three types of object relatives, all having a full DP head noun and differing with respect to the type of nominal phrase that appeared in the embedded subject position: another full DP, a 1st- or a 3rd-person pronoun. Grammatical skills and memory capacity were also assessed in order to see whether and how they affect children's performance. Most accurately processed were object relatives with 1st-person pronoun, independently of children's language and memory skills. Performance on object relatives with two full DPs was overall more accurate than on object relatives with 3rd-person pronoun. In the former condition, children with stronger grammatical skills accurately processed the structure and their memory abilities determined how fast they were; in the latter condition, children only processed accurately the structure if they were strong both in their grammatical skills and in their memory capacity. The results are discussed in the light of accounts that predict different pronoun effects like the ones we find, which depend on the referential properties of the pronouns. We then discuss which role language and memory abilities might have in processing object relatives with various embedded nominal phrases.}, language = {en} } @misc{HaendlerKlieglAdani2015, author = {Haendler, Yair and Kliegl, Reinhold and Adani, Flavia}, title = {Discourse accessibility constraints in children´s processing of object relative clauses}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78694}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Children's poor performance on object relative clauses has been explained in terms of intervention locality. This approach predicts that object relatives with a full DP head and an embedded pronominal subject are easier than object relatives in which both the head noun and the embedded subject are full DPs. This prediction is shared by other accounts formulated to explain processing mechanisms. We conducted a visual-world study designed to test the off-line comprehension and on-line processing of object relatives in German-speaking 5-year-olds. Children were tested on three types of object relatives, all having a full DP head noun and differing with respect to the type of nominal phrase that appeared in the embedded subject position: another full DP, a 1st- or a 3rd-person pronoun. Grammatical skills and memory capacity were also assessed in order to see whether and how they affect children's performance. Most accurately processed were object relatives with 1st-person pronoun, independently of children's language and memory skills. Performance on object relatives with two full DPs was overall more accurate than on object relatives with 3rd-person pronoun. In the former condition, children with stronger grammatical skills accurately processed the structure and their memory abilities determined how fast they were; in the latter condition, children only processed accurately the structure if they were strong both in their grammatical skills and in their memory capacity. The results are discussed in the light of accounts that predict different pronoun effects like the ones we find, which depend on the referential properties of the pronouns. We then discuss which role language and memory abilities might have in processing object relatives with various embedded nominal phrases.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kreitsch2015, author = {Kreitsch, Thomas}, title = {Demografie und politischer Reduktionismus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-80794}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {246}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die Dissertation mit dem Thema „Demografie und politischer Reduktionismus - eine Diskursanalyse der Demografiepolitik in Deutschland" kn{\"u}pft an die Debatte um die Demografisierung an, die sich damit besch{\"a}ftigt, dass gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen h{\"a}ufig zu sehr aus einer demografischen Perspektive betrachtet und beschrieben werden. Sie analysiert die zum Teil noch jungen Diskurse, die durch Akteure in Wissenschaft, Politik und Publizistik zu den demografiepolitischen Strategien und Aktivit{\"a}ten der Bundesregierung gef{\"u}hrt werden. Dabei werden Teilbereiche der Gesellschaft, darunter insbesondere die soziale Sicherung, die Generationenbeziehungen sowie die {\"o}konomische Entwicklung und auch r{\"a}umliche Aspekte der Demografie, in den Blick genommen. Es werden ausgew{\"a}hlte Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen und demografischen Ver{\"a}nderungen reflektiert, denen ein kausales Beziehungsverh{\"a}ltnis bescheinigt wird. Es wird aufgezeigt, wo mit Verweis auf die Demografie lediglich Deutungsangebote geschaffen und Kausalbehauptungen aufgestellt werden. Von besonderem Untersuchungsinteresse ist hierbei die Demografie als Argument, um politisches, wirtschaftliches und soziales Handeln zu legitimieren und ein gesellschaftliches Klima der Akzeptanz zu erzeugen. Wo erweist sich die Demografie als ein Spekulationsobjekt - wo ist sie erwiesene, {\"u}berpr{\"u}fbare Kausalit{\"a}t? Und wo ist die Grenze zur Instrumentalisierung der Demografie zu ziehen? Es wird belegt, dass eine Gelegenheitsdemografie vor allem aus drei Gr{\"u}nden praktiziert wird: Sie verschafft organisierten Interessen Geh{\"o}r, sie bietet Orientierung in komplexen Gesellschaften und sie dient als Beurteilungsmaßstab der Bewertung von gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen. Die aktuelle Konjunktur von Diskursen zum demografischen Wandel sorgt daf{\"u}r, dass die Gelegenheiten, mit Demografie zu argumentieren, immer wieder reproduziert werden. In der Folge werden nicht nur gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen zu sehr auf demografische Komponenten zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt. Auch das familien-, sozial-, migrations- und wirtschaftspolitische Denken und Handeln wird h{\"a}ufig {\"u}ber das Maß tats{\"a}chlicher Ursache-Wirkungs-Zusammenh{\"a}nge hinaus auf vermeintliche demografische Gesetzm{\"a}ßigkeiten reduziert (Reduktionismus). Die Diskursanalyse der Demografiepolitik in Deutschland will die Bedeutung des demografischen Wandels f{\"u}r die Gesellschaft dabei nicht in Frage stellen. Sie soll f{\"u}r einen kritischeren Umgang mit der Demografie sensibilisieren. Dazu geh{\"o}rt auch, aufzuzeigen, dass die Demografie ein Faktor unter vielen ist.}, language = {de} } @book{Wipper2011, author = {Wipper, Alexander}, title = {Flugverkehr und Risikodiskurs}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-136-3}, issn = {0934-716X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49533}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {58}, year = {2011}, abstract = {F{\"u}r den Flugverkehr als Teil eines regional und global verdichteten Infrastruktursystems sind Naturgefahren wie Vulkanausbr{\"u}che gleichbedeutend mit Risiken. Die Kommunikation von Risiken verl{\"a}uft im Spannungsfeld von wirtschaftlichen und staatlichen Akteuren einerseits und Medien und Zivilgesellschaft andererseits. Demgegen{\"u}ber stehen Modelle diskursiver Risikoregulierung als Instrumente {\"o}ffentlicher Aushandlungsprozesse. Diskutiert werden Einflussfaktoren auf Entscheidungen im Kontext von Risikodiskursen. Dabei wird insbesondere die Funktionslogik der Medien untersucht. Am Beispiel der Aschewolke des Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull 2010 wird die Ph{\"a}nomenkonstellation von Akteuren und Diskurspositionen illustriert und der Verlauf einer medialen Risikoentwicklung nachgezeichnet.}, language = {de} } @article{Petrova2006, author = {Petrova, Svetlana}, title = {A discourse-based approach to verb placement in early West-Germanic}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19540}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The paper presents a novel approach to explaining word order variation in the early Germanic languages. Initial observations about verb placement as a device marking types of rhetorical relations made on data from Old High German (cf. Hinterh{\"o}lzl \& Petrova 2005) are now reconsidered on a larger scale and compared with evidence from other early Germanic languages. The paper claims that the identification of information-structural domains in a sentence is best achieved by taking into account the interaction between the pragmatic features of discourse referents and properties of discourse organization.}, language = {en} }