@article{OthmanWollenberger2020,
  author    = {Othman, Abdelmageed M. and Wollenberger, Ulla},
  title     = {Amperometric biosensor based on coupling aminated laccase to functionalized carbon nanotubes for phenolics detection},
  series = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
  volume    = {153},
  journal   = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0141-8130},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.049},
  pages     = {855 -- 864},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {A biosensor for phenolic compounds based on a chemically modified laccase from Coriolus hirsula immobilized on functionalized screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) was achieved. Different enzyme modifications and immobilization strategies were analyzed. The electrochemical response of the immobilized laccase on SPCEs modified with carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT) was the highest when laccase was aminated prior to the adsorption onto the working electrode. The developed lactase biosensor sensitivity toward different phenolic compounds was assessed to determine the biosensor response with several phenolic compounds. The highest response was obtained for ABTS with a saturation value of I-max = 27.94 mu A. The electrocatalytic efficiency (I-max/K-m(app)) was the highest for ABTS (5588 mu A mu M-1) followed by syringaldazine (3014 mu A.mu M-1). The sensors were considerably stable, whereby 99.5, 82 and 77\% of the catalytic response using catechol as substrate was retained after 4, 8 and 10 successive cycles of reuse respectively, with response time average of 5 s for 12 cycles. No loss of activity was observed after 20 days of storage.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Frasca2012,
  author    = {Frasca, Stefano},
  title     = {Biocatalysis on nanostructured surfaces : investigation and application of redox proteins using spectro-electrochemical methods},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58131},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In this thesis, different aspects within the research field of protein spectro- and electro-chemistry on nanostructured materials are addressed. On the one hand, this work is related to the investigation of nanostructured transparent and conductive metal oxides as platform for the immobilization of electroactive enzymes. On the other hand the second part of this work is related to the immobilization of sulfite oxidase on gold nanoparticles modified electrode. Finally direct and mediated spectroelectrochemistry protein with high structure complexity such as the xanthine dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus and its high homologues the mouse aldehyde oxidase homolog 1. Stable immobilization and reversible electrochemistry of cytochrome c in a transparent and conductive tin-doped and tin-rich indium oxide film with a well-defined mesoporosity is reported. The transparency and good conductivity, in combination with the large surface area of these materials, allow the incorporation of a high amount of electroactive biomolecules (between 250 and 2500 pmol cm-2) and their electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation. Both, the electrochemical behavior and the immobilization of proteins are influenced by the geometric parameters of the porous material, such as the structure and pore shape, the surface chemistry, as well as the protein size and charge. UV-Vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, in combination with direct protein voltammetry, are employed for the characterization of cytochrome c immobilized in the mesoporous indium tin oxide and reveal no perturbation of the structural integrity of the redox protein. A long term protein immobilization is reached using these unmodified mesoporous indium oxide based materials, i.e. more than two weeks even at high ionic strength. The potential of this modified material as an amperometric biosensor for the detection of superoxide anions is demonstrated. A sensitivity of about 100 A M-1 m-2, in a linear measuring range of the superoxide concentration between 0.13 and 0.67 μM, is estimated. In addition an electrochemical switchable protein-based optical device is designed with the core part composed of cytochrome c immobilized on a mesoporous indium tin oxide film. A color developing redox sensitive dye is used as switchable component of the system. The cytochrome c-catalyzed oxidation of the dye by hydrogen peroxide is spectroscopically investigated. When the dye is co-immobilized with the protein, its redox state is easily controlled by application of an electrical potential at the supporting material. This enables to electrochemical reset the system to the initial state and repetitive signal generation. The case of negative charged proteins, which does not have a good interaction with the negative charged indium oxide based films, is also explored. The modification of an indium tin oxide film with a positive charged polymer and the employment of a antimony doped tin oxide film were investigated in this work in order to overcome the repulsion induced by similar charges of the protein and electrode. Human sulfite oxidase and its separated heme-containing domain are able to direct exchange electrons with the supporting material. A study of a new approach for sulfite biosensing, based on enhanced direct electron transfer of a human sulfite oxidase immobilized on a gold nanoparticles modified electrode is reported. The spherical gold nanoparticles were prepared via a novel method by reduction of HAuCl4 with branched poly(ethyleneimine) in an ionic liquid resulting in particles of about 10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter. These nanoparticles were covalently attached to a mercaptoundecanoic acid modified Au-electrode and act as platform where human sulfite oxidase is adsorbed. An enhanced interfacial electron transfer and electrocatalysis is therefore achieved. UV-Vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, in combination with direct protein voltammetry, were employed for the characterization of the system and reveal no perturbation of the structural integrity of the redox protein. The proposed biosensor exhibited a quick steady-state current response, within 2 s and a linear detection range between 0.5 and 5.4 μM with high sensitivity (1.85 nA μM-1). The investigated system provides remarkable advantages, since it works at low applied potential and at very high ionic strength. Therefore these properties could make the proposed system useful in the development of bioelectronic devices and its application in real samples. Finally protein with high structure complexity such as the xanthine dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus and the mouse aldehyde oxidase homolog 1 were spectroelectrochemically studied. It could be demonstrated that different cofactors present in the protein structure, like the FAD and the molybdenum cofactor, are able to directly exchange electrons with an electrode and are displayed as a single peak in a square wave voltammogram. Protein mutants bearing a serine substituted to the cysteines, bounding to the most exposed iron sulfur cluster additionally showed direct electron transfer which can be attributable to this cluster. On the other hand a mediated spectroelectrochemical titration of the protein bound FAD cofactor was performed in presence of transparent iron and cobalt complex mediators. The results showed the formation of the stable semiquinone and the fully reduced flavin. Two formal potentials for each single electron exchange step were then determined.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HovestaedtMemczakPleineretal.2014,
  author    = {Hovestaedt, Marc and Memczak, Henry and Pleiner, Dennis and Zhang, Xin and Rappich, Joerg and Bier, Frank Fabian and St{\"o}cklein, Walter F. M.},
  title     = {Characterization of a new maleimido functionalization of gold for surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy},
  series = {Journal of molecular recognition : an international journal devoted to research on specific molecular recognition in chemistry, biology, biotechnology and medicine},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Journal of molecular recognition : an international journal devoted to research on specific molecular recognition in chemistry, biology, biotechnology and medicine},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0952-3499},
  doi       = {10.1002/jmr.2396},
  pages     = {707 -- 713},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Para-maleimidophenyl (p-MP) modified gold surfaces have been prepared by one-step electrochemical deposition and used in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies. Therefore, a FITC mimotope peptide (MP1, 12 aa), a human mucin 1 epitope peptide (MUC, 9 aa) and a protein with their specific antibodies were used as model systems. The peptides were modified with an N-terminal cysteine for covalent and directed coupling to the maleimido functionalized surface by means of Michael addition. The coupling yield of the peptide, the binding characteristics of antibody and the unspecific adsorption of the analytes were investigated. The results expand the spectrum of biosensors usable with p-MP by widely used SPR and support its potential to be versatile for several electrochemical and optical biosensors. This allows the combination of an electrochemical and optical read-out for a broad variety of biomolecular interactions on the same chip. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wettstein2015,
  author    = {Wettstein, Christoph},
  title     = {Cytochrome c-DNA and cytochrome c-enzyme interactions for the construction of analytical signal chains},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78367},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {120},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Electron transfer (ET) reactions play a crucial role in the metabolic pathways of all organisms. In biotechnological approaches, the redox properties of the protein cytochrome c (cyt c), which acts as an electron shuttle in the respiratory chain, was utilized to engineer ET chains on electrode surfaces. With the help of the biopolymer DNA, the redox protein assembles into electro active multilayer (ML) systems, providing a biocompatible matrix for the entrapment of proteins. In this study the characteristics of the cyt c and DNA interaction were defined on the molecular level for the first time and the binding sites of DNA on cyt c were identified. Persistent cyt c/DNA complexes were formed in solution under the assembly conditions of ML architectures, i.e. pH 5.0 and low ionic strength. At pH 7.0, no agglomerates were formed, permitting the characterization of the NMR spectroscopy. Using transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY)-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) experiments, DNAs' binding sites on the protein were identified. In particular, negatively charged AA residues, which are known interaction sites in cyt c/protein binding were identified as the main contact points of cyt c and DNA. Moreover, the sophisticated task of arranging proteins on electrode surfaces to create functional ET chains was addressed. Therefore, two different enzyme types, the flavin dependent fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) and the pyrroloquinoline quinone dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH), were tested as reaction partners of freely diffusing cyt c and cyt c immobilized on electrodes in mono- and MLs. The characterisation of the ET processes was performed by means of electrochemistry and the protein deposition was monitored by microgravimetric measurements. FDH and PQQ-GDH were found to be generally suitable for combination with the cyt c/DNA ML system, since both enzymes interact with cyt c in solution and in the immobilized state. The immobilization of FDH and cyt c was achieved with the enzyme on top of a cyt c monolayer electrode without the help of a polyelectrolyte. Combining FDH with the cyt c/DNA ML system did not succeed, yet. However, the basic conditions for this protein-protein interaction were defined. PQQ-GDH was successfully coupled with the ML system, demonstrating that that the cyt c/DNA ML system provides a suitable interface for enzymes and that the creation of signal chains, based on the idea of co-immobilized proteins is feasible. Future work may be directed to the investigation of cyt c/DNA interaction under the precise conditions of ML assembly. Therefore, solid state NMR or X-ray crystallography may be required. Based on the results of this study, the combination of FDH with the ML system should be addressed. Moreover, alternative types of enzymes may be tested as catalytic component of the ML assembly, aiming on the development of innovative biosensor applications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BadalyanDierichStibaetal.2014,
  author    = {Badalyan, Artavazd and Dierich, Marlen and Stiba, Konstanze and Schwuchow, Viola and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Wollenberger, Ulla},
  title     = {Electrical wiring of the aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC with a polymer containing osmium redox centers},
  series = {Biosensors},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Biosensors},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/bios4040403},
  pages     = {403 -- 421},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below -0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A "reagentless" biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10-150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9\%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BadalyanDierichStibaetal.2014,
  author    = {Badalyan, Artavazd and Dierich, Marlen and Stiba, Konstanze and Schwuchow, Viola and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Wollenberger, Ulla},
  title     = {Electrical wiring of the aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC with a polymer containing osmium redox centers},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1082},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47507},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475070},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below -0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A "reagentless" biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10-150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9\%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TadjoungWaffoMitrovaTiedemannetal.2021,
  author    = {Tadjoung Waffo, Armel Franklin and Mitrova, Biljana and Tiedemann, Kim and Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Wollenberger, Ulla},
  title     = {Electrochemical trimethylamine n-oxide biosensor with enzyme-based oxygen-scavenging membrane for long-term operation under ambient air},
  series = {Biosensors : open access journal},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Biosensors : open access journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2079-6374},
  doi       = {10.3390/bios11040098},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {An amperometric trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) biosensor is reported, where TMAO reductase (TorA) and glucose oxidase (GOD) and catalase (Cat) were immobilized on the electrode surface, enabling measurements of mediated enzymatic TMAO reduction at low potential under ambient air conditions. The oxygen anti-interference membrane composed of GOD, Cat and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, together with glucose concentration, was optimized until the O-2 reduction current of a Clark-type electrode was completely suppressed for at least 3 h. For the preparation of the TMAO biosensor, Escherichia coli TorA was purified under anaerobic conditions and immobilized on the surface of a carbon electrode and covered by the optimized O-2 scavenging membrane. The TMAO sensor operates at a potential of -0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl (1 M KCl), where the reduction of methylviologen (MV) is recorded. The sensor signal depends linearly on TMAO concentrations between 2 mu M and 15 mM, with a sensitivity of 2.75 +/- 1.7 mu A/mM. The developed biosensor is characterized by a response time of about 33 s and an operational stability over 3 weeks. Furthermore, measurements of TMAO concentration were performed in 10\% human serum, where the lowest detectable concentration is of 10 mu M TMAO.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DongmoLeykDoscheetal.2016,
  author    = {Dongmo, Saustin and Leyk, Janina and Dosche, Carsten and Richter-Landsberg, Christiane and Wollenberger, Ursula and Wittstock, Gunther},
  title     = {Electrogeneration of O-2(center dot-) and H2O2 Using Polymer-modified Microelectrodes in the Environment of Living Cells},
  series = {Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1040-0397},
  doi       = {10.1002/elan.201600267},
  pages     = {2400 -- 2407},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Microelectrodes modified with electropolymerized plumbagin (PLG) were used for the generation of superoxide radical (O-2(center dot-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an aqueous medium, specifically in serum-free cell culture media. This is enabled by the specific design of a polymer film on the microelectrode. The generation and diffusion of O-2(center dot-) during electrocatalytic ORR at a positionable PLG polymer-modified microelectrode was followed by fluorescence microscopy with the selective dye 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) and by amperometric detection using a cytochrome c-modified electrode at + 0.13 V. H2O2 production, either by direct oxygen reduction or as product of O-2(center dot-) disproportionation, was monitored by the reaction with Amplex UltraRed. The PLG polymer-modified microelectrodes were used to expose mammalian B6-RPE07 retinal cells to defined local fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular responses and morphological alterations were observed. The use of a controllable source of ROS opens many possibilities to study how living cells respond to the presence of a certain flux of specific ROS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wegerich2010,
  author    = {Wegerich, Franziska},
  title     = {Engineered human cytochrome c : investigation of superoxide and protein-protein interaction and application in bioelectronic systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50782},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The aim of this thesis is the design, expression and purification of human cytochrome c mutants and their characterization with regard to electrochemical and structural properties as well as with respect to the reaction with the superoxide radical and the selected proteins sulfite oxidase from human and fungi bilirubin oxidase. All three interaction partners are studied here for the first time with human cyt c and with mutant forms of cyt c. A further aim is the incorporation of the different cyt c forms in two bioelectronic systems: an electrochemical superoxide biosensor with an enhanced sensitivity and a protein multilayer assembly with and without bilirubin oxidase on electrodes. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the design, expression and characterization of the mutants. A focus is here the electrochemical characterization of the protein in solution and immobilized on electrodes. Further the reaction of these mutants with superoxide was investigated and the possible reaction mechanisms are discussed. In the second part of the work an amperometric superoxide biosensor with selected human cytochrome c mutants was constructed and the performance of the sensor electrodes was studied. The human wild-type and four of the five mutant electrodes could be applied successfully for the detection of the superoxide radical. In the third part of the thesis the reaction of horse heart cyt c, the human wild-type and seven human cyt c mutants with the two proteins sulfite oxidase and bilirubin oxidase was studied electrochemically and the influence of the mutations on the electron transfer reactions was discussed. Finally protein multilayer electrodes with different cyt form including the mutant forms G77K and N70K which exhibit different reaction rates towards BOD were investigated and BOD together with the wild-type and engineered cyt c was embedded in the multilayer assembly. The relevant electron transfer steps and the kinetic behavior of the multilayer electrodes are investigated since the functionality of electroactive multilayer assemblies with incorporated redox proteins is often limited by the electron transfer abilities of the proteins within the multilayer. The formation via the layer-by-layer technique and the kinetic behavior of the mono and bi-protein multilayer system are studied by SPR and cyclic voltammetry. In conclusion this thesis shows that protein engineering is a helpful instrument to study protein reactions as well as electron transfer mechanisms of complex bioelectronic systems (such as bi-protein multilayers). Furthermore, the possibility to design tailored recognition elements for the construction of biosensors with an improved performance is demonstrated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Memczak2014,
  author    = {Memczak, Henry},
  title     = {Entwicklung influenzabindender Peptide f{\"u}r die Biosensorik},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72470},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {X, 117},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Das Influenzavirus infiziert S{\"a}ugetiere und V{\"o}gel. Der erste Schritt im Infektionszyklus ist die Anbindung des Viruses {\"u}ber sein Oberfl{\"a}chenprotein H{\"a}magglutinin (HA) an Zuckerstrukturen auf Epithelzellen des respiratorischen Traktes im Wirtsorganismus. Aus den drei komplementarit{\"a}tsbestimmenden Regionen (complementarity determining regions, CDRs) der schweren Kette eines monoklonalen H{\"a}magglutinin-bindenden Antik{\"o}rpers wurden drei lineare Peptide abgeleitet. Die Bindungseigenschaften der drei Peptide wurden experimentell mittels Oberfl{\"a}chenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass in {\"U}bereinstimmung mit begleitenden Molekulardynamik-Simulationen zwei der drei Peptide (PeB und PeC) analog zur Bindef{\"a}higkeit des Antik{\"o}rpers in der Lage sind, Influenzaviren vom Stamm X31 (H3N2 A/Aichi/2/1968) zu binden. Die Interaktion des Peptids PeB, welches potentiell mit der konservierten Rezeptorbindestelle im HA interagiert, wurde anschließend n{\"a}her charakterisiert. Die Detektion der Influenzaviren war unter geeigneten Immobilisationsbedingungen im diagnostisch relevanten Bereich m{\"o}glich. Die Spezifit{\"a}t der PeB-Virus-Bindung wurde mittels geeigneter Kontrollen auf der Seite des Analyten und des Liganden nachgewiesen. Des Weiteren war das Peptid PeB in der Lage die Bindung von X31-Viren an Mimetika seines nat{\"u}rlichen Rezeptors zu inhibieren, was die spezifische Interaktion mit der Rezeptorbindungsstelle im H{\"a}magglutinin belegt. Anschließend wurde die Prim{\"a}rsequenz von PeB durch eine vollst{\"a}ndige Substitutionsanalyse im Microarray-Format hinsichtlich der Struktur-Aktivit{\"a}ts-Beziehungen charakterisiert. Dies f{\"u}hrte außerdem zu verbesserten Peptidvarianten mit erh{\"o}hter Affinit{\"a}t und breiterer Spezifit{\"a}t gegen aktuelle Influenzast{\"a}mme verschiedener Serotypen (z.B. H1N1/2009, H5N1/2004, H7N1/2013). Schließlich konnte durch Verwendung einer in der Prim{\"a}rsequenz angepassten h{\"o}her affinen Peptidvariante die Influenzainfektion in vitro inhibiert werden. Damit stellen die vom urspr{\"u}nglichen Peptid PeB abgeleiteten Varianten Rezeptormolek{\"u}le in biosensorischen Testsystemen sowie potentielle Wirkstoffe dar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{CywinskiHammannHuehnetal.2014,
  author    = {Cywinski, Piotr J. and Hammann, Tommy and Huehn, Dominik and Parak, Wolfgang J. and Hildebrandt, Niko and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd},
  title     = {Europium-quantum dot nanobioconjugates as luminescent probes for time-gated biosensing},
  series = {Journal of biomedical optics},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Journal of biomedical optics},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {SPIE},
  address   = {Bellingham},
  issn      = {1083-3668},
  doi       = {10.1117/1.JBO.19.10.101506},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Nanobioconjugates have been synthesized using cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs), europium complexes (EuCs), and biotin. In those conjugates, long-lived photoluminescence (PL) is provided by the europium complexes, which efficiently transfer energy via Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the QDs in close spatial proximity. As a result, the conjugates have a PL emission spectrum characteristic for QDs combined with the long PL decay time characteristic for EuCs. The nanobioconjugates synthesis strategy and photo-physical properties are described as well as their performance in a time-resolved streptavidin-biotin PL assay. In order to prepare the QD-EuC-biotin conjugates, first an amphiphilic polymer has been functionalized with the EuC and biotin. Then, the polymer has been brought onto the surface of the QDs (either QD655 or QD705) to provide functionality and to make the QDs water dispersible. Due to a short distance between EuC and QD, an efficient FRET can be observed. Additionally, the QD-EuC-biotin conjugates' functionality has been demonstrated in a PL assay yielding good signal discrimination, both from autofluorescence and directly excited QDs. These newly designed QD-EuC-biotin conjugates expand the class of highly sensitive tools for bioanalytical optical detection methods for diagnostic and imaging applications. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Streffer2002,
  author    = {Streffer, Katrin},
  title     = {Highly sensitive measurements of substrates and inhibitors on the basis of tyrosinase sensors and recycling systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000632},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Analytische Chemie heute meint nicht l{\"a}nger nur die große Messtechnik, die zeit- und kostenintensiv ist, die außerdem nur von qualifiziertem Personal zu bedienen ist und deren Resultate nur durch dieses Personal auswertbar sind. Meist erfordert diese sagen wir 'klassische analytische Messtechnik' auch noch spezielle R{\"a}umlichkeiten und oft eine relative große Menge an speziell vorbereiteten Proben. Neben dieser klassischen analytischen Messtechnik hat sich besonders in den letzten Jahren eine auf bestimmte Stoffgruppen und Anforderungen zugeschnittene Messtechnik durchgesetzt, die oft auch durch einen Laien bedient werden kann. Meist sind es sehr kleine Ger{\"a}te. Auch die ben{\"o}tigten Probenvolumina sind klein und eine spezielle Probenvorbereitung ist nicht erforderlich. Ausserdem sind die Ger{\"a}te einfach zu handhaben, billig sowohl in ihrer Herstellung als auch im Gebrauch und meist erlauben sie sogar eine kontinuierliche Messwerterfassung. Zahlreiche dieser in den letzten Jahren entwickelten Ger{\"a}te greifen zur{\"u}ck auf 40 Jahre Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Biosensorik. Seit Clark und Lyons im Jahr 1962 in der Lage waren, mit einer einfachen Sauerstoffelektrode, erg{\"a}nzt durch ein Enzym, Glucose zu messen, war die Entwicklung neuer Messtechnik nicht mehr aufzuhalten. Biosensoren, spezielle Messf{\"u}hler, die aus einer Kombination aus biologischer Komponente (erlaubt eine spezifische Erkennung des Analyten auch ohne vorherige Reinigung der Probe) und einem physikalischen Messf{\"u}hler (wandelt den prim{\"a}ren physikochemischen Effekt in ein elektronisch messbares Signal um) bestehen, eroberten den Markt. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurden verschiedene Tyrosinasesensoren entwickelt, die je nach Herkunft und Eigenschaften der verwendeten Tyrosinase unterschiedliche Anforderungen erf{\"u}llen. Beispielsweise wurde einer dieser Tyrosinasesensoren f{\"u}r die Bestimmung phenolischer Verbindungen in Fluss- und Seewasserproben eingesetzt, und die mit diesem Sensor gemessenen Ergebnisse konnten sehr gut mit dem entsprechenden DIN-Test zur Bestimmung phenolischer Verbindungen korreliert werden. Ein anderer entwickelter Sensor zeigte eine sehr hohe Empfindlichkeit f{\"u}r Catecholamine, Substanzen die speziell in der medizinischen Diagnostik von Wichtigkeit sind. Ausserdem zeigten die ebenfalls im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchungen zweier verschiedener Tyrosinasen, dass, will man in Zukunft noch empfindlichere Tyrosinasesensoren entwickeln, eine spezielle Tyrosinase (Tyrosinase aus Streptomyces antibioticus) die bessere Wahl sein wird, als die bisher im Bereich der Biosensorforschung verwendete Tyrosinase aus Agaricus bisporus. Desweiteren wurden erste Erfolge auf molekularbiologischem Gebiet erreicht, das heisst, dass Tyrosinasemutanten mit speziellen, vorher {\"u}berlegten Eigenschaften, hergestellt werden sollen. Diese Erfolge k{\"o}nnen dazu genutzt werden, eine neue Generation an Tyrosinasesensoren zu entwickeln, Tyrosinasesensoren in denen Tyrosinase gerichtet gebunden werden kann, sowohl an den entsprechenden physikalischen Messf{\"u}hler oder auch an ein anderes Enzym. Davon verspricht man sich deutlich minimierte Wege, die die zu bestimmende Substanz (oder deren Produkt) sonst zur{\"u}cklegen m{\"u}sste, was am Ende zu einer deutlich erh{\"o}hten Empfindlichkeit des resultierenden Biosensors f{\"u}hren sollte.},
  subject      = {Enzymelektrode ; Monophenolmonooxygenase},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrylovAdamzigWalteretal.2006,
  author    = {Krylov, Andrey. V. and Adamzig, H. and Walter, A. D. and Loechel, B. and Kurth, E. and Pulz, O. and Szeponik, Jan and Wegerich, Franziska and Lisdat, Fred},
  title     = {Parallel generation and detection of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in a fluidic chip},
  series = {Sensors and actuators : B, Chemical},
  volume    = {119},
  journal   = {Sensors and actuators : B, Chemical},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2005.11.062},
  pages     = {118 -- 126},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {A fluidic chip system was developed, which combines a stable generation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide with their sensorial detection. The generation of both reactive oxygen species was achieved by immobilization of xanthine oxidase on controlled pore glass in a reaction chamber. Antioxidants can be introduced into the fluidic chip system by means of mixing chamber. The detection of both species is based on the amperometric principle using a biosensor chip with two working electrodes. As sensing protein for both electrodes cytochrome c was used. The novel system was designed for the quantification of the antioxidant efficiency of different potential scavengers of the respective reactive species in an aqueous medium. Several model antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or catalase have been tested under flow conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Naseri2018,
  author    = {Naseri, Gita},
  title     = {Plant-derived transcription factors and their application for synthetic biology approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42151},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421514},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {187},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Bereits seit 9000 Jahren verwendet die Menschheit die B{\"a}ckerhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae f{\"u}r das Brauen von Bier, aber erst seit 150 Jahren wissen wir, dass es sich bei diesem unerm{\"u}dlichen Helfer im Brauprozess um einzellige, lebende Organismen handelt. Und die B{\"a}ckerhefe kann noch viel mehr. Im Rahmen des Forschungsgebietes der Synthetischen Biologie soll unter anderem die B{\"a}ckerhefe als innovatives Werkzeug f{\"u}r die biobasierte Herstellung verschiedenster Substanzen etabliert werden. Zu diesen Substanzen z{\"a}hlen unter anderem Feinchemikalien, Biokraftstoffe und Biopolymere sowie pharmakologisch und medizinisch interessante Pflanzenstoffe. Damit diese verschiedensten Substanzen in der B{\"a}ckerhefe hergestellt werden k{\"o}nnen, m{\"u}ssen große Mengen an Produktionsinformationen zum Beispiel aus Pflanzen in die Hefezellen {\"u}bertragen werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus m{\"u}ssen die neu eingebrachten Biosynthesewege reguliert und kontrolliert in den Zellen ablaufen. Auch Optimierungsprozesse zur Erh{\"o}hung der Produktivit{\"a}t sind notwendig. F{\"u}r alle diese Arbeitsschritte mangelt es bis heute an anwendungsbereiten Technologien und umfassenden Plattformen. Daher wurden im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit verschiedene Technologien und Plattformen zur Informations{\"u}bertragung, Regulation und Prozessoptimierung geplant und erzeugt. F{\"u}r die Konstruktion von Biosynthesewegen in der B{\"a}ckerhefe wurde als erstes eine Plattform aus neuartigen Regulatoren und Kontrollelementen auf der Basis pflanzlicher Kontrollelemente generiert und charakterisiert. Im zweiten Schritt erfolgte die Entwicklung einer Technologie zur kombinatorischen Verwendung der Regulatoren in der Planung und Optimierung von Biosynthesewegen (COMPASS). Abschließend wurde eine Technologie f{\"u}r die Prozessoptimierung der ver{\"a}nderten Hefezellen entwickelt (CapRedit). Die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der entwickelten Plattformen und Technologien wurde durch eine Optimierung der Produktion von Carotenoiden (Beta-Carotin und Beta-Ionon) und Flavonoiden (Naringenin) in Hefezellen nachgewiesen. Die im Rahmen der Arbeit etablierten neuartigen Plattformen und innovativen Technologien sind ein wertvoller Grundbaustein f{\"u}r die Erweiterung der Nutzbarkeit der B{\"a}ckerhefe. Sie erm{\"o}glichen den Einsatz der Hefezellen in kosteneffizienten Produktionswegen und alternativen chemischen Wertsch{\"o}pfungsketten. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen zum Beispiel Biokraftstoffe und pharmakologisch interessante Pflanzenstoffe unter Verwendung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, Reststoffen und Nebenprodukten hergestellt werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ergeben sich Anwendungsm{\"o}glichkeiten zur Bodensanierung und Wasseraufbereitung.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fandrich2016,
  author    = {Fandrich, Artur},
  title     = {Untersuchung des Verhaltens von thermoresponsiven Polymeren auf Elektroden in Interaktion mit biomolekularen Systemen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396551},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {111},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Herstellung und Charakterisierung von thermoresponsiven Filmen auf Goldelektroden durch Fixierung eines bereits synthetisierten thermoresponsiven Polymers. Als Basis f{\"u}r die Entwicklung der responsiven Grenzfl{\"a}che dienten drei unterschiedliche Copolymere (Polymere I, II und III) aus der Gruppe der thermisch schaltbaren Poly(oligo(ethylenglykol)methacrylate). Die turbidimetrischen Messungen der Copolymere in L{\"o}sungen haben gezeigt, dass der Tr{\"u}bungspunkt vom pH-Wert, der Gegenwart von Salzen sowie von der Ionenst{\"a}rke der L{\"o}sung abh{\"a}ngig ist. Nach der Charakterisierung der Polymere in L{\"o}sung wurden Experimente der kovalenten Kopplung der Polymere I bis III an die Oberfl{\"a}che der Gold-Elektroden durchgef{\"u}hrt. W{\"a}hrend bei Polymeren I und II die Ankopplung auf einer Amidverbr{\"u}ckung basierte, wurde bei Polymer III als alternative Methode zur Immobilisierung eine photoinduzierte Anbindung unter gleichzeitiger Vernetzung gew{\"a}hlt. Der Nachweis der erfolgreichen Ankopplung erfolgte bei allen Polymeren elektrochemisch mittels Cyclovoltammetrie und Impedanzspektroskopie in K3/4[Fe(CN)6]-L{\"o}sungen. Wie die Ellipsometrie-Messungen zeigten, waren die erhaltenen Polymer-Filme unterschiedlich dick. Die Ankopplung {\"u}ber Amidverbr{\"u}ckung lieferte d{\"u}nne Filme (10 - 15 nm), w{\"a}hrend der photovernetzte Film deutlich dicker war (70-80 nm) und die darunter liegende Oberfl{\"a}che relativ gut isolierte. Elektrochemische Temperaturexperimente an Polymer-modifizierten Oberfl{\"a}chen in L{\"o}sungen in Gegenwart von K3/4[Fe(CN)6] zeigten, dass auch die immobilisierten Polymere I bis III responsives Temperaturverhalten zeigen. Bei Elektroden mit den immobilisierten Polymeren I und II ist der Temperaturverlauf der Parameterwerte diskontinuierlich - ab einem kritischen Punkt (37 °C f{\"u}r Polymer I und 45 °C f{\"u}r Polymer II) wird zun{\"a}chst langsame Zunahme der Peakstr{\"o}me wird deutlich schneller. Das Temperaturverhalten von Polymer III ist dagegen bis 50 °C kontinuierlich, der Peakstrom sinkt hier durchgehend. Weiterhin wurde mit den auf Polymeren II und III basierten Elektroden deren Anwendung als responsive Matrix f{\"u}r Bioerkennungsreaktionen untersucht. Es wurde die Ankopplung von kleinen Biorezeptoren, TAG-Peptiden, an Polymer II- und Polymer III-modifizierten Elektroden durchgef{\"u}hrt. Das hydrophile FLAG-TAG-Peptid ver{\"a}ndert das Temperaturverhalten des Polymer II-Films unwesentlich, da es die Hydrophilie des Netzwerkes nicht beeinflusst. Weiterhin wurde der Effekt der Ankopplung der ANTI-FLAG-TAG-Antik{\"o}rper an FLAG-TAG-modifizierte Polymer II-Filme untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Antik{\"o}rper spezifisch an FLAG-TAG-modifiziertes Polymer II binden. Es wurde keine unspezifische Anbindung von ANTI-FLAG-TAG an Polymer II beobachtet. Die Temperaturexperimente haben gezeigt, dass die thermische Restrukturierung des Polymer II-FLAG-TAG-Filmes auch nach der Antik{\"o}rper-Ankopplung noch stattfindet. Der Einfluss der ANTI-FLAG-TAG-Ankopplung ist gering, da der Unterschied in der Hydrophilie zwischen Polymer II und FLAG-TAG bzw. ANTI-FLAG-TAG zu gering ist. F{\"u}r die Untersuchungen mit Polymer III-Elektroden wurde neben dem hydrophilen FLAG-TAG-Peptid das deutlich hydrophobere HA-TAG-Peptid ausgew{\"a}hlt. Wie im Falle der Polymer II Elektrode beeinflusst das gekoppelte FLAG-TAG-Peptid das Temperaturverhalten des Polymer III-Netzwerkes nur geringf{\"u}gig. Die gemessenen Stromwerte sind geringer als bei der Polymer III-Elektrode. Das Temperaturverhalten der FLAG-TAG-Elektrode {\"a}hnelt dem der reinen Polymer III-Elektrode - die Stromwerte sinken kontinuierlich bis die Temperatur von ca. 40 °C erreicht ist, bei der ein Plateau beobachtet wird. Offensichtlich ver{\"a}ndert FLAG-TAG auch in diesem Fall nicht wesentlich die Hydrophilie des Polymer III-Netzwerkes. Das an Polymer III-Elektroden gekoppelte hydrophobe HA-TAG-Peptid beeinflusst dagegen im starken Maße den Quellzustand des Netzwerkes. Die Str{\"o}me f{\"u}r die HA-TAG-Elektroden sind deutlich geringer als die f{\"u}r die FLAG-TAG-Polymer III-Elektroden, was auf geringeren Wassergehalt und dickeren Film zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Bereits ab 30 °C erfolgt der Anstieg von Stromwerten, der bei Polymer III- bzw. bei Polymer III-FLAG-TAG-Elektroden nicht beobachtet werden kann. Das gekoppelte hydrophobe HA-TAG-Peptid verdr{\"a}ngt Wasser aus dem Polymer III-Netzwerk, was in der Stauchung des Films bereits bei Raumtemperatur resultiert. Dies f{\"u}hrt dazu, dass der Film im Laufe des Temperaturanstieges kaum noch komprimiert. Die Stromwerte steigen in diesem Fall entsprechend des Anstiegs der temperaturabh{\"a}ngigen Diffusion des Redoxpaares. Diese Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das HA-TAG-Peptid als Ankermolek{\"u}l deutlich besser f{\"u}r eine potentielle Verwendung der Polymer III-Filme f{\"u}r sensorische Zwecke geeignet ist, da es sich deutlich in der Hydrophilie von Polymer III unterscheidet.},
  language  = {de}
}