@article{Rogenhofer2018, author = {Rogenhofer, Julius Maximilian}, title = {25 Jahre nach dem „Asylkompromiss"}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {23}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416687}, pages = {28 -- 40}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Engelhardt2018, author = {Engelhardt, Jonathan}, title = {40Ar/39Ar geochronology of ICDP PALEOVAN drilling cores}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42953}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429539}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 338}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The scientific drilling campaign PALEOVAN was conducted in the summer of 2010 and was part of the international continental drilling programme (ICDP). The main goal of the campaign was the recovery of a sensitive climate archive in the East of Anatolia. Lacustrine deposits underneath the lake floor of 'Lake Van' constitute this archive. The drilled core material was recovered from two locations: the Ahlat Ridge and the Northern Basin. A composite core was constructed from cored material of seven parallel boreholes at the Ahlat Ridge and covers an almost complete lacustrine history of Lake Van. The composite record offered sensitive climate proxies such as variations of total organic carbon, K/Ca ratios, or a relative abundance of arboreal pollen. These proxies revealed patterns that are similar to climate proxy variations from Greenland ice cores. Climate variations in Greenland ice cores have been dated by modelling the timing of orbital forces to affect the climate. Volatiles from melted ice aliquots are often taken as high-resolution proxies and provide a base for fitting the according temporal models. The ICDP PALEOVAN scientific team fitted proxy data from the lacustrine drilling record to ice core data and constructed an age model. Embedded volcaniclastic layers had to be dated radiometrically in order to provide independent age constraints to the climate-stratigraphic age model. Solving this task by an application of the 40Ar/39Ar method was the main objective of this thesis. Earlier efforts to apply the 40Ar/39Ar dating resulted in inaccuracies that could not be explained satisfactorily. The absence of K-rich feldspars in suitable tephra layers implied that feldspar crystals needed to be 500 μm in size minimum, in order to apply single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar dating. Some of the samples did not contain any of these grain sizes or only very few crystals of that size. In order to overcome this problem this study applied a combined single-crystal and multi-crystal approach with different crystal fractions from the same sample. The preferred method of a stepwise heating analysis of an aliquot of feldspar crystals has been applied to three samples. The Na-rich crystals and their young geological age required 20 mg of inclusion-free, non-corroded feldspars. Small sample volumes (usually 25 \% aliquots of 5 cm3 of sample material - a spoon full of tephra) and the widespread presence of melt-inclusion led to the application of combined single- and multigrain total fusion analyses. 40Ar/39Ar analyses on single crystals have the advantage of being able to monitor the presence of excess 40Ar and detrital or xenocrystic contamination in the samples. Multigrain analyses may hide the effects from these obstacles. The results from the multigrain analyses are therefore discussed with respect to the findings from the respective cogenetic single crystal ages. Some of the samples in this study were dated by 40Ar/39Ar on feldspars on multigrain separates and (if available) in combination with only a few single crystals. 40Ar/39Ar ages from two of the samples deviated statistically from the age model. All other samples resulted in identical ages. The deviations displayed older ages than those obtained from the age model. t-Tests compared radiometric ages with available age control points from various proxies and from the relative paleointensity of the earth magnetic field within a stratigraphic range of ± 10 m. Concordant age control points from different relative chronometers indicated that deviations are a result of erroneous 40Ar/39Ar ages. The thesis argues two potential reasons for these ages: (1) the irregular appearance of 40Ar from rare melt- and fluid- inclusions and (2) the contamination of the samples with older crystals due to a rapid combination of assimilation and ejection. Another aliquot of feldspar crystals that underwent separation for the application of 40Ar/39Ar dating was investigated for geochemical inhomogeneities. Magmatic zoning is ubiquitous in the volcaniclastic feldspar crystals. Four different types of magmatic zoning were detected. The zoning types are compositional zoning (C-type zoning), pseudo-oscillatory zoning of trace ele- ment concentrations (PO-type zoning), chaotic and patchy zoning of major and trace element concentrations (R-type zoning) and concentric zoning of trace elements (CC-type zoning). Sam- ples that deviated in 40Ar/39Ar ages showed C-type zoning, R-type zoning or a mix of different types of zoning (C-type and PO-type). Feldspars showing PO-type zoning typically represent the smallest grain size fractions in the samples. The constant major element compositions of these crystals are interpreted to represent the latest stages in the compositional evolution of feldspars in a peralkaline melt. PO-type crystals contain less melt- inclusions than other zoning types and are rarely corroded. This thesis concludes that feldspars that show PO-type zoning are most promising chronometers for the 40Ar/39Ar method, if samples provide mixed zoning types of Quaternary anorthoclase feldspars. Five samples were dated by applying the 40Ar/39Ar method to volcanic glass. High fractions of atmospheric Ar (typically > 98\%) significantly hampered the precision of the 40Ar/39Ar ages and resulted in rough age estimates that widely overlap the age model. Ar isotopes indicated that the glasses bore a chorine-rich Ar-end member. The chlorine-derived 38Ar indicated chlorine-rich fluid-inclusions or the hydration of the volcanic glass shards. This indication strengthened the evidence that irregularly distributed melt-inclusions and thus irregular distributed excess 40Ar influenced the problematic feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages. Whether a connection between a corrected initial 40Ar/36Ar ratio from glasses to the 40Ar/36Ar ratios from pore waters exists remains unclear. This thesis offers another age model, which is similarly based on the interpolation of the temporal tie points from geophysical and climate-stratigraphic data. The model used a PCHIP- interpolation (piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial) whereas the older age model used a spline-interpolation. Samples that match in ages from 40Ar/39Ar dating of feldspars with the earlier published age model were additionally assigned with an age from the PCHIP- interpolation. These modelled ages allowed a recalculation of the Alder Creek sanidine mineral standard. The climate-stratigraphic calibration of an 40Ar/39Ar mineral standard proved that the age versus depth interpolations from PAELOVAN drilling cores were accurate, and that the applied chronometers recorded the temporal evolution of Lake Van synchronously. Petrochemical discrimination of the sampled volcaniclastic material is also given in this thesis. 41 from 57 sampled volcaniclastic layers indicate Nemrut as their provenance. Criteria that served for the provenance assignment are provided and reviewed critically. Detailed correlations of selected PALEOVAN volcaniclastics to onshore samples that were described in detail by earlier studies are also discussed. The sampled volcaniclastics dominantly have a thickness of < 40 cm and have been ejected by small to medium sized eruptions. Onshore deposits from these types of eruptions are potentially eroded due to predominant strong winds on Nemrut and S{\"u}phan slopes. An exact correlation with the data presented here is therefore equivocal or not possible at all. Deviating feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages can possibly be explained by inherited 40Ar from feldspar xenocrysts contaminating the samples. In order to test this hypothesis diffusion couples of Ba were investigated in compositionally zoned feldspar crystals. The diffusive behaviour of Ba in feldspar is known, and gradients in the changing concentrations allowed for the calculation of the duration of the crystal's magmatic development since the formation of the zoning interface. Durations were compared with degassing scenarios that model the Ar-loss during assimilation and subsequent ejection of the xenocrystals. Diffusive equilibration of the contrasting Ba concentrations is assumed to generate maximum durations as the gradient could have been developed in several growth and heating stages. The modelling does not show any indication of an involvement of inherited 40Ar in any of the deviating samples. However, the analytical set-up represents the lower limit of the required spatial resolution. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that the degassing modelling relies on a significant overestimation of the maximum duration of the magmatic history. Nevertheless, the modelling of xenocrystal degassing evidences that the irregular incorporation of excess 40Ar by melt- and fluid inclusions represents the most critical problem that needs to be overcome in dating volcaniclastic feldspars from the PALEOVAN drill cores. This thesis provides the complete background in generating and presenting 40Ar/39Ar ages that are compared to age data from a climate-stratigraphic model. Deviations are identified statistically and then discussed in order to find explanations from the age model and/or from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Most of the PALEOVAN stratigraphy provides several chronometers that have been proven for their synchronicity. Lacustrine deposits from Lake Van represent a key archive for reconstructing climate evolution in the eastern Mediterranean and in the Near East. The PALEOVAN record offers a climate-stratigraphic age model with a remarkable accuracy and resolution.}, language = {en} } @misc{Scianna2018, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {A blueprint for successful peacekeeping?}, series = {The International History Review}, journal = {The International History Review}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412937}, pages = {24}, year = {2018}, abstract = {On 6 June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon to fight the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). Between August 1982 and February 1984, the US, France, Britain and Italy deployed a Multinational Force (MNF) to Beirut. Its task was to act as an interposition force to bolster the government and to bring peace to the people. The mission is often forgotten or merely remembered in context with the bombing of US Marines' barracks. However, an analysis of the Italian contingent shows that the MNF was not doomed to fail and could accomplish its task when operational and diplomatic efforts were coordinated. The Italian commander in Beirut, General Franco Angioni, followed a successful approach that sustained neutrality, respectful behaviour and minimal force, which resulted in a qualified success of the Italian efforts.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{VillatoroLeal2018, author = {Villatoro Leal, Jos{\´e} Andr{\´e}s}, title = {A combined approach for the analysis of biomolecules using IR-MALDI ion mobility spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations of peptide ions in the gas phase}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419723}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {133}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The aim of this doctoral thesis was to establish a technique for the analysis of biomolecules with infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion (IR-MALDI) ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. The main components of the work were the characterization of the IR-MALDI process, the development and characterization of different ion mobility spectrometers, the use of IR-MALDI-IM spectrometry as a robust, standalone spectrometer and the development of a collision cross-section estimation approach for peptides based on molecular dynamics and thermodynamic reweighting. First, the IR-MALDI source was studied with atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry and shadowgraphy. It consisted of a metal capillary, at the tip of which a self-renewing droplet of analyte solution was met by an IR laser beam. A relationship between peak shape, ion desolvation, diffusion and extraction pulse delay time (pulse delay) was established. First order desolvation kinetics were observed and related to peak broadening by diffusion, both influenced by the pulse delay. The transport mechanisms in IR-MALDI were then studied by relating different laser impact positions on the droplet surface to the corresponding ion mobility spectra. Two different transport mechanisms were determined: phase explosion due to the laser pulse and electrical transport due to delayed ion extraction. The velocity of the ions stemming from the phase explosion was then measured by ion mobility and shadowgraphy at different time scales and distances from the source capillary, showing an initially very high but rapidly decaying velocity. Finally, the anatomy of the dispersion plume was observed in detail with shadowgraphy and general conclusions over the process were drawn. Understanding the IR-MALDI process enabled the optimization of the different IM spectrometers at atmospheric and reduced pressure (AP and RP, respectively). At reduced pressure, both an AP and an RP IR-MALDI source were used. The influence of the pulsed ion extraction parameters (pulse delay, width and amplitude) on peak shape, resolution and area was systematically studied in both AP and RP IM spectrometers and discussed in the context of the IR-MALDI process. Under RP conditions, the influence of the closing field and of the pressure was also examined for both AP and RP sources. For the AP ionization RP IM spectrometer, the influence of the inlet field (IF) in the source region was also examined. All of these studies led to the determination of the optimal analytical parameters as well as to a better understanding of the initial ion cloud anatomy. The analytical performance of the spectrometer was then studied. Limits of detection (LOD) and linear ranges were determined under static and pulsed ion injection conditions and interpreted in the context of the IR-MALDI mechanism. Applications in the separation of simple mixtures were also illustrated, demonstrating good isomer separation capabilities and the advantages of singly charged peaks. The possibility to couple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to IR-MALDI-IM spectrometry was also demonstrated. Finally, the reduced pressure spectrometer was used to study the effect of high reduced field strength on the mobility of polyatomic ions in polyatomic gases. The last focus point was on the study of peptide ions. A dataset obtained with electrospray IM spectrometry was characterized and used for the calibration of a collision cross-section (CCS) determination method based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at high temperature. Instead of producing candidate structures which are evaluated one by one, this semi-automated method uses the simulation as a whole to determine a single average collision cross-section value by reweighting the CCS of a few representative structures. The method was compared to the intrinsic size parameter (ISP) method and to experimental results. Additional MD data obtained from the simulations was also used to further analyze the peptides and understand the experimental results, an advantage with regard to the ISP method. Finally, the CCS of peptide ions analyzed by IR-MALDI were also evaluated with both ISP and MD methods and the results compared to experiment, resulting in a first validation of the MD method. Thus, this thesis brings together the soft ionization technique that is IR-MALDI, which produces mostly singly charged peaks, with ion mobility spectrometry, which can distinguish between isomers, and a collision cross-section determination method which also provides structural information on the analyte at hand.}, language = {en} } @misc{YadavalliLoebnerPapkeetal.2018, author = {Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar and Loebner, Sarah and Papke, Thomas and Sava, Elena and Hurduc, Nicolae and Santer, Svetlana}, title = {A comparative study of photoinduced deformation in azobenzene containing polymer films}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {458}, issn = {1866-8372}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413510}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this paper two groups supporting different views on the mechanism of light induced polymer deformation argue about the respective underlying theoretical conceptions, in order to bring this interesting debate to the attention of the scientific community. The group of Prof. Nicolae Hurduc supports the model claiming that the cyclic isomerization of azobenzenes may cause an athermal transition of the glassy azobenzene containing polymer into a fluid state, the so-called photo-fluidization concept. This concept is quite convenient for an intuitive understanding of the deformation process as an anisotropic flow of the polymer material. The group of Prof. Svetlana Santer supports the re-orientational model where the mass-transport of the polymer material accomplished during polymer deformation is stated to be generated by the light-induced re-orientation of the azobenzene side chains and as a consequence of the polymer backbone that in turn results in local mechanical stress, which is enough to irreversibly deform an azobenzene containing material even in the glassy state. For the debate we chose three polymers differing in the glass transition temperature, 32 °C, 87 °C and 95 °C, representing extreme cases of flexible and rigid materials. Polymer film deformation occurring during irradiation with different interference patterns is recorded using a homemade set-up combining an optical part for the generation of interference patterns and an atomic force microscope for acquiring the kinetics of film deformation. We also demonstrated the unique behaviour of azobenzene containing polymeric films to switch the topography in situ and reversibly by changing the irradiation conditions. We discuss the results of reversible deformation of three polymers induced by irradiation with intensity (IIP) and polarization (PIP) interference patterns, and the light of homogeneous intensity in terms of two approaches: the re-orientational and the photo-fluidization concepts. Both agree in that the formation of opto-mechanically induced stresses is a necessary prerequisite for the process of deformation. Using this argument, the deformation process can be characterized either as a flow or mass transport.}, language = {en} } @misc{RisbeyLewandowskyCowtanetal.2018, author = {Risbey, James S. and Lewandowsky, Stephan and Cowtan, Kevin and Oreskes, Naomi and Rahmstorf, Stefan and Jokim{\"a}ki, Ari and Foster, Grant}, title = {A fluctuation in surface temperature in historical context}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, volume = {13}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1023}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46804}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468041}, pages = {26}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This work reviews the literature on an alleged global warming 'pause' in global mean surface temperature (GMST) to determine how it has been defined, what time intervals are used to characterise it, what data are used to measure it, and what methods used to assess it. We test for 'pauses', both in the normally understood meaning of the term to mean no warming trend, as well as for a 'pause' defined as a substantially slower trend in GMST. The tests are carried out with the historical versions of GMST that existed for each pause-interval tested, and with current versions of each of the GMST datasets. The tests are conducted following the common (but questionable) practice of breaking the linear fit at the start of the trend interval ('broken' trends), and also with trends that are continuous with the data bordering the trend interval. We also compare results when appropriate allowance is made for the selection bias problem. The results show that there is little or no statistical evidence for a lack of trend or slower trend in GMST using either the historical data or the current data. The perception that there was a 'pause' in GMST was bolstered by earlier biases in the data in combination with incomplete statistical testing.}, language = {en} } @article{Sariel2018, author = {Sariel, Eliezer}, title = {A Historian from the World of Torah}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417799}, pages = {47 -- 77}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article examines the work of Rabbi Yitzhak Isaac Halevy, arguably the most significant Orthodox response to the Wissenschaft des Judentums school of historiography. Halevy himself exemplified the Orthodox struggle against Wissenschaft, yet his work expressed a commitment to modern historiographical discipline that suggested an internalization of some of the very same premises adopted by Wissenschaft. While criticizing the representatives of Wissenschaft, Halevy was, at the same time, fighting for the internalization of its innovative characteristics into Orthodox society. He saw himself as a leader of a movement working towards the development of Orthodox Jewish studies and his application of modern historiographic principles from an Orthodox worldview as creating critical Orthodox historiography. Halevy's approach promotes an understanding of Orthodoxy as a complex phenomenon, of which the struggle against modern secularization is just one of many characteristics.}, language = {en} } @misc{SlimaniParavlicGranacher2018, author = {Slimani, Maamer and Paravlic, Armin and Granacher, Urs}, title = {A Meta-Analysis to Determine Strength Training Related Dose-Response Relationships for Lower-Limb Muscle Power Development in Young Athletes}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {472}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417738}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {It is well-documented that strength training (ST) improves measures of muscle strength in young athletes. Less is known on transfer effects of ST on proxies of muscle power and the underlying dose-response relationships. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to quantify the effects of ST on lower limb muscle power in young athletes and to provide dose-response relationships for ST modalities such as frequency, intensity, and volume. A systematic literature search of electronic databases identified 895 records. Studies were eligible for inclusion if (i) healthy trained children (girls aged 6-11 y, boys aged 6-13 y) or adolescents (girls aged 12-18 y, boys aged 14-18 y) were examined, (ii) ST was compared with an active control, and (iii) at least one proxy of muscle power [squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump height (CMJ)] was reported. Weighted mean standardized mean differences (SMDwm) between subjects were calculated. Based on the findings from 15 statistically aggregated studies, ST produced significant but small effects on CMJ height (SMDwm = 0.65; 95\% CI 0.34-0.96) and moderate effects on SJ height (SMDwm = 0.80; 95\% CI 0.23-1.37). The sub-analyses revealed that the moderating variable expertise level (CMJ height: p = 0.06; SJ height: N/A) did not significantly influence ST-related effects on proxies of muscle power. "Age" and "sex" moderated ST effects on SJ (p = 0.005) and CMJ height (p = 0.03), respectively. With regard to the dose-response relationships, findings from the meta-regression showed that none of the included training modalities predicted ST effects on CMJ height. For SJ height, the meta-regression indicated that the training modality "training duration" significantly predicted the observed gains (p = 0.02), with longer training durations (>8 weeks) showing larger improvements. This meta-analysis clearly proved the general effectiveness of ST on lower-limb muscle power in young athletes, irrespective of the moderating variables. Dose-response analyses revealed that longer training durations (>8 weeks) are more effective to improve SJ height. No such training modalities were found for CMJ height. Thus, there appear to be other training modalities besides the ones that were included in our analyses that may have an effect on SJ and particularly CMJ height. ST monitoring through rating of perceived exertion, movement velocity or force-velocity profile could be promising monitoring tools for lower-limb muscle power development in young athletes.}, language = {en} } @article{Ariel2018, author = {Ariel, Yaakov S.}, title = {A New Kind of Jew}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408952}, pages = {133 -- 148}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article examines Allen Ginsberg's spiritual path, and places his interest in Asian religions within larger cultural agendas and life choices. While identifying as a Jew, Ginsberg wished to transcend beyond his parents' orbit and actively sought to create an inclusive, tolerant, and permissive society where persons such as himself could live and create at ease. He chose elements from the Christian, Jewish, Native-American, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions, weaving them together into an ever-growing cultural and spiritual quilt. The poet never underwent a conversion experience or restricted his choices and freedoms. In Ginsberg's understanding, Buddhism was a universal, non-theistic religion that meshed well with an individualist outlook, and worked toward personal solace and mindfulness. He and other Jews saw no contradiction between enchantment with Buddhism and their Jewish identity.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Buschmann2018, author = {Buschmann, Stefan}, title = {A software framework for GPU-based geo-temporal visualization techniques}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44340}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443406}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 99}, year = {2018}, abstract = {R{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten sind Daten, welche sowohl einen Raum- als auch einen Zeitbezug aufweisen. So k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise Zeitreihen von Geodaten, thematische Karten die sich {\"u}ber die Zeit ver{\"a}ndern, oder Bewegungsaufzeichnungen von sich bewegenden Objekten als r{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten aufgefasst werden. In der heutigen automatisierten Welt gibt es eine wachsende Anzahl von Datenquellen, die best{\"a}ndig r{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten generieren. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren beispielsweise Verkehrs{\"u}berwachungssysteme, die Bewegungsdaten von Menschen oder Fahrzeugen aufzeichnen, Fernerkundungssysteme, welche regelm{\"a}ßig unsere Umgebung scannen und digitale Abbilder wie z.B. Stadt- und Landschaftsmodelle erzeugen, sowie Sensornetzwerke in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsgebieten, wie z.B. der Logistik, der Verhaltensforschung von Tieren, oder der Klimaforschung. Zur Analyse r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Daten werden neben der automatischen Analyse mittels statistischer Methoden und Data-Mining auch explorative Methoden angewendet, welche auf der interaktiven Visualisierung der Daten beruhen. Diese Methode der Analyse basiert darauf, dass Anwender in Form interaktiver Visualisierung die Daten explorieren k{\"o}nnen, wodurch die menschliche Wahrnehmung sowie das Wissen der User genutzt werden, um Muster zu erkennen und dadurch einen Einblick in die Daten zu erlangen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein Software-Framework f{\"u}r die Visualisierung r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Daten, welches GPU-basierte Techniken beinhaltet, um eine interaktive Visualisierung und Exploration großer r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Datens{\"a}tze zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die entwickelten Techniken umfassen Datenhaltung, Prozessierung und Rendering und erm{\"o}glichen es, große Datenmengen in Echtzeit zu prozessieren und zu visualisieren. Die Hauptbeitr{\"a}ge der Arbeit umfassen: - Konzept und Implementierung einer GPU-zentrierten Visualisierungspipeline. Die beschriebenen Techniken basieren auf dem Konzept einer GPU-zentrierten Visualisierungspipeline, in welcher alle Stufen -- Prozessierung,Mapping, Rendering -- auf der GPU ausgef{\"u}hrt werden. Bei diesem Konzept werden die r{\"a}umlich-zeitlichen Daten direkt im GPU-Speicher abgelegt. W{\"a}hrend des Rendering-Prozesses werden dann mittels Shader-Programmen die Daten prozessiert, gefiltert, ein Mapping auf visuelle Attribute vorgenommen, und schließlich die Geometrien f{\"u}r die Visualisierung erzeugt. Datenprozessierung, Filtering und Mapping k{\"o}nnen daher in Echtzeit ausgef{\"u}hrt werden. Dies erm{\"o}glicht es Usern, die Mapping-Parameter sowie den gesamten Visualisierungsprozess interaktiv zu steuern und zu kontrollieren. - Interaktive Visualisierung attributierter 3D-Trajektorien. Es wurde eine Visualisierungsmethode f{\"u}r die interaktive Exploration einer großen Anzahl von 3D Bewegungstrajektorien entwickelt. Die Trajektorien werden dabei innerhalb einer virtuellen geographischen Umgebung in Form von einfachen Geometrien, wie Linien, B{\"a}ndern, Kugeln oder R{\"o}hren dargestellt. Durch interaktives Mapping k{\"o}nnen Attributwerte der Trajektorien oder einzelner Messpunkte auf visuelle Eigenschaften abgebildet werden. Hierzu stehen Form, H{\"o}he, Gr{\"o}ße, Farbe, Textur, sowie Animation zur Verf{\"u}gung. Mithilfe dieses dynamischen Mappings wurden außerdem verschiedene Visualisierungsmethoden implementiert, wie z.B. eine Focus+Context-Visualisierung von Trajektorien mithilfe von interaktiven Dichtekarten, sowie einer Space-Time-Cube-Visualisierung zur Darstellung des zeitlichen Ablaufs einzelner Bewegungen. - Interaktive Visualisierung geographischer Netzwerke. Es wurde eine Visualisierungsmethode zur interaktiven Exploration geo-referenzierter Netzwerke entwickelt, welche die Visualisierung von Netzwerken mit einer großen Anzahl von Knoten und Kanten erm{\"o}glicht. Um die Analyse von Netzwerken verschiedener Gr{\"o}ßen und in unterschiedlichen Kontexten zu erm{\"o}glichen, stehen mehrere virtuelle geographische Umgebungen zur Verf{\"u}gung, wie bspw. ein virtueller 3D-Globus, als auch 2D-Karten mit unterschiedlichen geographischen Projektionen. Zur interaktiven Analyse dieser Netzwerke stehen interaktive Tools wie Filterung, Mapping und Selektion zur Verf{\"u}gung. Des weiteren wurden Visualisierungsmethoden f{\"u}r verschiedene Arten von Netzwerken, wie z.B. 3D-Netzwerke und zeitlich ver{\"a}nderliche Netzwerke, implementiert. Zur Demonstration des Konzeptes wurden interaktive Tools f{\"u}r zwei unterschiedliche Anwendungsf{\"a}lle entwickelt. Das erste beinhaltet die Visualisierung attributierter 3D-Trajektorien, welche die Bewegungen von Flugzeugen um einen Flughafen beschreiben. Es erm{\"o}glicht Nutzern, die Trajektorien von ankommenden und startenden Flugzeugen {\"u}ber den Zeitraum eines Monats interaktiv zu explorieren und zu analysieren. Durch Verwendung der interaktiven Visualisierungsmethoden f{\"u}r 3D-Trajektorien und interaktiven Dichtekarten k{\"o}nnen Einblicke in die Daten gewonnen werden, wie beispielsweise h{\"a}ufig genutzte Flugkorridore, typische sowie untypische Bewegungsmuster, oder ungew{\"o}hnliche Vorkommnisse wie Fehlanfl{\"u}ge. Der zweite Anwendungsfall beinhaltet die Visualisierung von Klimanetzwerken, welche geographischen Netzwerken in der Klimaforschung darstellen. Klimanetzwerke repr{\"a}sentieren die Dynamiken im Klimasystem durch eine Netzwerkstruktur, die die statistische Beziehungen zwischen Orten beschreiben. Das entwickelte Tool erm{\"o}glicht es Analysten, diese großen Netzwerke interaktiv zu explorieren und dadurch die Struktur des Netzwerks zu analysieren und mit den geographischen Daten in Beziehung zu setzen. Interaktive Filterung und Selektion erm{\"o}glichen es, Muster in den Daten zu identifizieren, und so bspw. Cluster in der Netzwerkstruktur oder Str{\"o}mungsmuster zu erkennen.}, language = {en} } @misc{Mischke2018, author = {Mischke, Dennis}, title = {A universal, uniform humanity}, series = {Postcolonial Studies}, journal = {Postcolonial Studies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412942}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The focus in this article, through a reading of the German-Australian newspaper Der Kosmopolit, is on the legacies of entangled imperial identities in the period of the nineteenth-century German Enlightenment. Attention is drawn to members of the liberal nationalist generation of 1848 who emigrated to the Australian colonies and became involved in intellectual activities there. The idea of entanglement is applied to the philosophical orientation of the German-language newspaper that this group formed, Der Kosmopolit, which was published between 1856 and 1957. Against simplistic notions that would view cosmopolitanism as the opposite of nationalism, it is argued that individuals like Gustav Droege and Carl Muecke deployed an entangled 'cosmo- nationalism' in ways that both advanced German nationalism and facilitated their own engagement with and investment in Australian colonial society.}, language = {en} } @misc{GoswamiBoersRheinwaltetal.2018, author = {Goswami, Bedartha and Boers, Niklas and Rheinwalt, Aljoscha and Marwan, Norbert and Heitzig, Jobst and Breitenbach, Sebastian Franz Martin and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Abrupt transitions in time series with uncertainties}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {576}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42311}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423111}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Identifying abrupt transitions is a key question in various disciplines. Existing transition detection methods, however, do not rigorously account for time series uncertainties, often neglecting them altogether or assuming them to be independent and qualitatively similar. Here, we introduce a novel approach suited to handle uncertainties by representing the time series as a time-ordered sequence of probability density functions. We show how to detect abrupt transitions in such a sequence using the community structure of networks representing probabilities of recurrence. Using our approach, we detect transitions in global stock indices related to well-known periods of politico-economic volatility. We further uncover transitions in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation which coincide with periods of phase locking with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Finally, we provide for the first time an 'uncertainty-aware' framework which validates the hypothesis that ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic during the Holocene were synchronous with a weakened Asian summer monsoon.}, language = {en} } @misc{MugelePlummerBaritelloetal.2018, author = {Mugele, Hendrik and Plummer, Ashley and Baritello, Omar and Towe, Maggie and Brecht, Pia and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Accuracy of training recommendations based on a treadmill multistage incremental exercise test}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {477}, issn = {1866-8364}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419697}, pages = {12}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Competitive runners will occasionally undergo exercise in a laboratory setting to obtain predictive and prescriptive information regarding their performance. The present research aimed to assess whether the physiological demands of lab-based treadmill running (TM) can simulate that of over-ground (OG) running using a commonly used protocol. Fifteen healthy volunteers with a weekly mileage of ≥ 20 km over the past 6 months and treadmill experience participated in this cross-sectional study. Two stepwise incremental tests until volitional exhaustion was performed in a fixed order within one week in an Outpatient Clinic research laboratory and outdoor athletic track. Running velocity (IATspeed), heart rate (IATHR) and lactate concentration at the individual anaerobic threshold (IATbLa) were primary endpoints. Additionally, distance covered (DIST), maximal heart rate (HRmax), maximal blood lactate concentration (bLamax) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at IATspeed were analyzed. IATspeed, DIST and HRmax were not statistically significantly different between conditions, whereas bLamax and RPE at IATspeed showed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Apart from RPE at IATspeed, IATspeed, DIST, HRmax and bLamax strongly correlate between conditions (r = 0.815-0.988). High reliability between conditions provides strong evidence to suggest that running on a treadmill are physiologically comparable to that of OG and that training recommendations and be made with assurance.}, language = {en} } @misc{MeinersJostes2018, author = {Meiners, Antoinette and Jostes, Brigitte}, title = {Adaption des „Instruments zur sprachbildenden Analyse von Aufgaben im Fach (isaf)" f{\"u}r das Fach Physik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416057}, pages = {12}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des Berliner Projekts „Sprachen-Bilden-Chancen. Innovationen f{\"u}r das Berliner Lehramt" wurde unter anderem das „Instrument zur sprachbildenden Analyse von Aufgaben im Fach (isaf)" entwickelt, welches eine Hilfestellung bei der Analyse sprachlicher Anforderungen von (Lern-)Aufgaben darstellt. Ziel des Instruments ist die F{\"o}rderung der Analyse- und Planungskompetenzen von (angehenden) Lehrkr{\"a}ften. Im Rahmen des Teilprojekts „Sprachliche Heterogenit{\"a}t als Herausforderung f{\"u}r die Lehrerbildung" des Projekts „PSI (Professionalisierung, Schulpraktische Studien und Inklusion)" an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam wurde isaf in der Didaktik der Physik erprobt. Auf Basis der Erprobungsergebnisse sowie der Ergebnisse eines f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifenden Workshops wurde die hier vorliegende Adaption entwickelt, die um Begriffserl{\"a}uterungen und Literaturhinweise erg{\"a}nzt wurde.}, language = {de} } @misc{RandallJuengelRimannetal.2018, author = {Randall, Matthew J. and J{\"u}ngel, Astrid and Rimann, Markus and Wuertz-Kozak, Karin}, title = {Advances in the biofabrication of 3D skin in vitro}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {680}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46884}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468844}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.}, language = {en} } @misc{Boesel2018, author = {B{\"o}sel, Bernd}, title = {Affect Disposition(ing)}, series = {Media and Communication}, journal = {Media and Communication}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418309}, pages = {15 -- 21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The "affective turn" has been primarily concerned not with what affect is, but what it does. This article focuses on yet another shift towards how affect gets organized, i.e., how it is produced, classified, and controlled. It proposes a genealogical as well as a critical approach to the organization of affect and distinguishes between several "affect disposition(ing) regimes"—meaning paradigms of how to interpret and manage affects, for e.g., encoding them as byproducts of demonic possession, judging them in reference to a moralistic framework, or subsuming them under an industrial regime. Bernard Stiegler's concept of psychopower will be engaged at one point and expanded to include social media and affective technologies, especially Affective Computing. Finally, the industrialization and cybernetization of affect will be contrasted with poststructuralist interpretations of affects as events.}, language = {en} } @misc{OdongoSchlotzBaldermannetal.2018, author = {Odongo, Grace Akinyi and Schlotz, Nina and Baldermann, Susanne and Neugart, Susanne and Huyskens-Keil, Susanne and Ngwene, Benard and Trierweiler, Bernhard and Schreiner, Monika and Lamy, Evelyn}, title = {African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.)}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1133}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45911}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459114}, pages = {22}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60\% reduction of AFB1 induced DNA damage and a 38\% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant.}, language = {en} } @article{Popowska2018, author = {Popowska, Bożena}, title = {Aktuelle Entwicklungstendenzen im Recht der {\"O}ffentlich-Privaten Partnerschaften}, series = {KWI Schriften}, journal = {KWI Schriften}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-417-3}, issn = {1867-951X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409384}, pages = {59 -- 85}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gidion2018, author = {Gidion, Gunnar}, title = {Akustische Resonatoren zur Analyse und Kontrolle von schwingungsf{\"a}higen Systemen am Beispiel von Streichinstrumenten und Dielektrischen Elastomeraktoren}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411772}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {190}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Klangeigenschaften von Musikinstrumenten werden durch das Zusammenwirken der auf ihnen anregbaren akustischen Schwingungsmoden bestimmt, welche sich wiederum aus der geometrischen Struktur des Resonators in Kombination mit den verwendeten Materialien ergeben. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Schwingungsverhalten von Streichinstrumenten durch den Einsatz minimal-invasiver piezoelektrischer Polymerfilmsensoren untersucht. Die studierten Kopplungsph{\"a}nomene umfassen den sogenannten Wolfton und Schwingungstilger, die zu dessen Abschw{\"a}chung verwendet werden, sowie die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Bogen und Instrument beim Spielvorgang. An Dielektrischen Elastomeraktormembranen wurde dagegen der Einfluss der elastischen Eigenschaften des Membranmaterials auf das akustische und elektromechanische Schwingungsverhalten gezeigt. Die Dissertation gliedert sich in drei Teile, deren wesentliche Ergebnisse im Folgenden zusammengefasst werden. In Teil I wurde die Funktionsweise eines abstimmbaren Schwingungstilgers zur D{\"a}mpfung von Wolft{\"o}nen auf Streichinstrumenten untersucht. Durch Abstimmung der Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingungstilgers auf die Wolftonfrequenz kann ein Teil der Saitenschwingungen absorbiert werden, so dass die zu starke Anregung der Korpusresonanz vermieden wird, die den Wolfton verursacht. Der Schwingungstilger besteht aus einem „Wolft{\"o}ter", einem Massest{\"u}ck, welches auf der Nachl{\"a}nge der betroffenen Saite (zwischen Steg und Saitenhalter) installiert wird. Hier wurde gezeigt, wie die Resonanzen dieses Schwingungstilgers von der Masse des Wolft{\"o}ters und von dessen Position auf der Nachl{\"a}nge abh{\"a}ngen. Aber auch die Geometrie des Wolft{\"o}ters stellte sich als ausschlaggebend heraus, insbesondere bei einem nicht-rotationssymmetrischen Wolft{\"o}ter: In diesem Fall entsteht - basierend auf den zu erwartenden nicht-harmonischen Moden einer massebelasteten Saite - eine zus{\"a}tzliche Mode, die von der Polarisationsrichtung der Saitenschwingung abh{\"a}ngt. Teil II der Dissertation befasst sich mit Elastomermembranen, die als Basis von Dielektrischen Elastomeraktoren dienen, und die wegen der Membranspannung auch akustische Resonanzen aufweisen. Die Ansprache von Elastomeraktoren h{\"a}ngt unter anderem von der Geschwindigkeit der elektrischen Anregung ab. Die damit zusammenh{\"a}ngenden viskoelastischen Eigenschaften der hier verwendeten Elastomere, Silikon und Acrylat, wurden einerseits in einer frequenzabh{\"a}ngigen dynamisch-mechanischen Analyse des Elastomers erfasst, andererseits auch optisch an vollst{\"a}ndigen Aktoren selbst gemessen. Die h{\"o}here Viskosit{\"a}t des Acrylats, das bei tieferen Frequenzen h{\"o}here Aktuationsdehnungen als das Silikon zeigt, f{\"u}hrt zu einer Verminderung der Dehnungen bei h{\"o}heren Frequenzen, so dass {\"u}ber etwa 40 Hertz mit Silikon gr{\"o}ßere Aktuationsdehnungen erreicht werden. Mit den untersuchten Aktoren konnte die Gitterkonstante weicher optischer Beugungsgitter kontrolliert werden, die als zus{\"a}tzlicher Film auf der Membran installiert wurden. {\"U}ber eine Messung der akustischen Resonanzfrequenz von Elastomermebranen aus Acrylat in 1Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von ihrer Vorstreckung konnte in Verbindung mit einer Modellierung des hyperelastischen Verhaltens des Elastomers (Ogden-Modell) der Schermodul bestimmt werden. Schließlich wird in Teil III die Untersuchung von Geigen und ihrer Streichanregung mit Hilfe minimal-invasiver piezoelektrischer Polymerfilme geschildert. Es konnten am Bogen und am Steg von Geigen - unter den beiden F{\"u}ßen des Stegs - jeweils zwei Filmsensoren installiert werden. Mit den beiden Sensoren am Steg wurden Frequenzg{\"a}nge von Geigen gemessen, welche eine Bestimmung der frequenzabh{\"a}ngigen Stegbewegung erlaubten. Diese Methode erm{\"o}glicht damit auch eine umfassende Charakterisierung der Signaturmoden in Bezug auf die Stegdynamik. Die Ergebnisse der komplement{\"a}ren Methoden von Impulsanregung und nat{\"u}rlichem Spielen der Geigen konnten dank der Sensoren verglichen werden. F{\"u}r die Nutzung der Sensoren am Bogen - insbesondere f{\"u}r eine Messung des Bogendrucks - wurde eine Kalibrierung des Bogen-Sensor-Systems mit Hilfe einer Materialpr{\"u}fmaschine durchgef{\"u}hrt. Bei einer Messung w{\"a}hrend des nat{\"u}rlichen Spielens wurde mit den Sensoren am Bogen einerseits die {\"U}bertragung der Saitenschwingung auf den Bogen festgestellt. Dabei konnten außerdem longitudinale Bogenhaarresonanzen identifiziert werden, die von der Position der Saite auf dem Bogen abh{\"a}ngen. Aus der Analyse dieses Ph{\"a}nomens konnte die longitudinale Wellengeschwindigkeit der Bogenhaare bestimmt werden, die eine wichtige Gr{\"o}ße f{\"u}r die Kopplung zwischen Saite und Bogen ist. Mit Hilfe des Systems aus Sensoren an Bogen und Steg werden auf Grundlage der vorliegenden Arbeit Studien an Streichinstrumenten vorgeschlagen, in denen die Bespielbarkeit der Instrumente zu den jeweils angeregten Steg- und Bogenschwingungen in Beziehung gesetzt werden kann. Damit k{\"o}nnte nicht zuletzt auch die bisher nicht vollst{\"a}ndig gekl{\"a}rte Rolle des Bogens f{\"u}r Klang und Bespielbarkeit besser beurteilt werden}, language = {de} } @article{Sundermann2018, author = {Sundermann, Werner}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt und das Persische}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XIX}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {36}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419464}, pages = {105 -- 111}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{Heyd2018, author = {Heyd, Thomas}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt y la unidad de la naturaleza}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XVIII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {35}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419284}, pages = {25 -- 37}, year = {2018}, abstract = {La tesis de esta contribuci{\´o}n es que las investigaciones de Alexander von Humboldt ejemplifican un 'programa de investigaci{\´o}n progresivo' (Imre Lakatos 1978). Examino la propuesta de Adolf Meyer- Abich (1968) de que el m{\´e}todo de Humboldt se deriva de un vitalismo inicial y luego desmentido por el cient{\´i}fico. Yo propongo, sin embargo, que en realidad es el principio humboldtiano de buscar la unidad en la naturaleza el cual funciona como 'principio regulativo', y por consiguiente motiva al investigador a buscar evidencia emp{\´i}rica de relaciones sist{\´e}micas entre fen{\´o}menos y condicionamientos geogr{\´a}fico-clim{\´a}ticos. Desde este punto de vista es justamente este principio met{\´o}dico el que empuja a Humboldt a atravesar grandes alturas y latitudes. La visita a Tenerife y al Teide le da una confirmaci{\´o}n contundente de la validez de su principio. Concluyo que la influencia de su m{\´e}todo en la creaci{\´o}n de nuevas ciencias, tales como la biogeograf{\´i}a y la ecolog{\´i}a, constituyen razones suficientes para suponer ejemplar el trabajo cient{\´i}fico de Humboldt como 'programa de investigaci{\´o}n progresivo'.}, language = {es} } @article{Huelsenberg2018, author = {H{\"u}lsenberg, Dagmar}, title = {Alexander von Humboldts Erl{\"a}uterungen zu {\"O}fen f{\"u}r die Herstellung von Keramik- und Glaserzeugnissen}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XIX}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {36}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419444}, pages = {63 -- 90}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This paper examines Alexander von Humboldt's interest in kilns used for firing ceramics and melting glass. This lesser known aspect of Humboldt's activities is related to his work as a Prussian mining officer in the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth between 1792 and 1797. In assessments and reports Humboldt commented on furnace designs and discussed the effectiveness of firing auxiliaries for high-temperature processes. He analysed the causes of the failure of burnings and meltings and made suggestions for their improvement. Various alterations that were carried out during repair work on existing furnaces at the ceramic manufactory in Rheinsberg and the porcelain manufactory in Bruckberg were initiated by Humboldt. Furthermore, it is likely that he was a driving force behind the decision to build a two-storey circular kiln at the Royal Porcelain Factory in Berlin. His reports are explained by means of sketches.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kegeles2018, author = {Kegeles, Alexander}, title = {Algebraic foundation of Group Field Theory}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421014}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {124}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this thesis we provide a construction of the operator framework starting from the functional formulation of group field theory (GFT). We define operator algebras on Hilbert spaces whose expectation values in specific states provide correlation functions of the functional formulation. Our construction allows us to give a direct relation between the ingredients of the functional GFT and its operator formulation in a perturbative regime. Using this construction we provide an example of GFT states that can not be formulated as states in a Fock space and lead to math- ematically inequivalent representations of the operator algebra. We show that such inequivalent representations can be grouped together by their symmetry properties and sometimes break the left translation symmetry of the GFT action. We interpret these groups of inequivalent representations as phases of GFT, similar to the classification of phases that we use in QFT's on space-time.}, language = {en} } @misc{SharmaDangSinghetal.2018, author = {Sharma, Niharika and Dang, Trang Minh and Singh, Namrata and Ruzicic, Slobodan and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Baumann, Ute and Heuer, Sigrid}, title = {Allelic variants of OsSUB1A cause differential expression of transcription factor genes in response to submergence in rice}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {619}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42350}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423508}, pages = {19}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Flooding during seasonal monsoons affects millions of hectares of rice-cultivated areas across Asia. Submerged rice plants die within a week due to lack of oxygen, light and excessive elongation growth to escape the water. Submergence tolerance was first reported in an aus-type rice landrace, FR13A, and the ethylene-responsive transcription factor (TF) gene SUB1A-1 was identified as the major tolerance gene. Intolerant rice varieties generally lack the SUB1A gene but some intermediate tolerant varieties, such as IR64, carry the allelic variant SUB1A-2. Differential effects of the two alleles have so far not been addressed. As a first step, we have therefore quantified and compared the expression of nearly 2500 rice TF genes between IR64 and its derived tolerant near isogenic line IR64-Sub1, which carries the SUB1A-1 allele. Gene expression was studied in internodes, where the main difference in expression between the two alleles was previously shown. Results: Nineteen and twenty-six TF genes were identified that responded to submergence in IR64 and IR64-Sub1, respectively. Only one gene was found to be submergence-responsive in both, suggesting different regulatory pathways under submergence in the two genotypes. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly included MYB, NAC, TIFY and Zn-finger TFs, and most genes were downregulated upon submergence. In IR64, but not in IR64-Sub1, SUB1B and SUB1C, which are also present in the Sub1 locus, were identified as submergence responsive. Four TFs were not submergence responsive but exhibited constitutive, genotype-specific differential expression. Most of the identified submergence responsive DEGs are associated with regulatory hormonal pathways, i.e. gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA), apart from ethylene. An in-silico promoter analysis of the two genotypes revealed the presence of allele-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, giving rise to ABRE, DRE/CRT, CARE and Site II cis-elements, which can partly explain the observed differential TF gene expression. Conclusion: This study identified new gene targets with the potential to further enhance submergence tolerance in rice and provides insights into novel aspects of SUB1A-mediated tolerance.}, language = {en} } @misc{Reich2018, author = {Reich, Tamar Chana}, title = {Alon Goshen-Gottstein: The Jewish Encounter with Hinduism: Wisdom, Spirituality, Identity / Same God, Other God: Judaism, Hinduism and the Problem of Idolatry /rezensiert von Tamar Chana Reich}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409041}, pages = {214 -- 218}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Alon Goshen-Gottstein: The Jewish Encounter with Hinduism: Wisdom, Spirituality, Identity (Interreligious Studies in Theory and Practice series), New York: Palgrave, Macmillan 2016, IX, 275 S. Alon Goshen-Gottstein: Same God, Other God: Judaism, Hinduism and the Problem of Idolatry (Interreligious Studies in Theory and Practice series), New York: Palgrave, Macmillan 2016. X, 265 S.}, language = {en} } @misc{Weidner2018, author = {Weidner, Daniel}, title = {Amir Engel: Gershom Scholem. An Intellectual Biography; Noam Zadoff: Gershom Scholem. From Berlin to Jerusalem and Back / [rezensiert von Daniel Weidner]}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417920}, pages = {241 -- 246}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-41008, title = {Analyse umweltrelevanter Publikationen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam 2015-2017}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410088}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{TillmannKroemkerHornetal.2018, author = {Tillmann, Alexander and Kr{\"o}mker, Detlef and Horn, Florian and Gattinger, Thorsten}, title = {Analysing \& Predicting Students Performance in an Introductory Computer Science Course}, series = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae}, journal = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae}, number = {12}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416307}, pages = {29 -- 45}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Students of computer science studies enter university education with very different competencies, experience and knowledge. 145 datasets collected of freshmen computer science students by learning management systems in relation to exam outcomes and learning dispositions data (e. g. student dispositions, previous experiences and attitudes measured through self-reported surveys) has been exploited to identify indicators as predictors of academic success and hence make effective interventions to deal with an extremely heterogeneous group of students.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ma2018, author = {Ma, Siyuan}, title = {Analysis of Teukolsky equations on slowly rotating Kerr spacetimes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414781}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 89}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this thesis, we treat the extreme Newman-Penrose components of both the Maxwell field (s=±1) and the linearized gravitational perturbations (or "linearized gravity" for short) (s=±2) in the exterior of a slowly rotating Kerr black hole. Upon different rescalings, we can obtain spin s components which satisfy the separable Teukolsky master equation (TME). For each of these spin s components defined in Kinnersley tetrad, the resulting equations by performing some first-order differential operator on it once and twice (twice only for s=±2), together with the TME, are in the form of an "inhomogeneous spin-weighted wave equation" (ISWWE) with different potentials and constitute a linear spin-weighted wave system. We then prove energy and integrated local energy decay (Morawetz) estimates for this type of ISWWE, and utilize them to achieve both a uniform bound of a positive definite energy and a Morawetz estimate for the regular extreme Newman-Penrose components defined in the regular Hawking-Hartle tetrad. We also present some brief discussions on mode stability for TME for the case of real frequencies. This says that in a fixed subextremal Kerr spacetime, there is no nontrivial separated mode solutions to TME which are purely ingoing at horizon and purely outgoing at infinity. This yields a representation formula for solutions to inhomogeneous Teukolsky equations, and will play a crucial role in generalizing the above energy and Morawetz estimates results to the full subextremal Kerr case.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BarkholdtKulaga2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Barkholdt, Janina and Kulaga, Julian}, title = {Analytical Presentation of the Comments and Observations by States on Draft Article 7, Paragraph 1, of the ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, 2017}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {14}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422128}, pages = {108}, year = {2018}, abstract = {During its sessions in 2016 and 2017 the UN International Law Commission (ILC) debated the question whether the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction is subject to exceptions for international crimes and provisionally adopted a Draft Article 7 on immunity ratione materiae. The following analytical presentation classifies and documents the reactions of States to draft article 7, paragraph 1, as they have been expressed in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly in 2017.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pavleski2018, author = {Pavleski, Stefan}, title = {Arbeitslosigkeit in S{\"u}dosteuropa im Kontext der EU-Integration}, series = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, journal = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-421-0}, issn = {2196-8691}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404287}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 263}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit besteht aus drei Aufs{\"a}tzen. Der erste Aufsatz („Die Arbeitsmarktpolitik in S{\"u}dosteuropa: Von der Transformation bis zur EU-Integration") er{\"o}rtert die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen in S{\"u}dosteuropa und die damit einhergehenden Entwicklungen auf den jeweiligen Arbeitsm{\"a}rkten seit 1991. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Arbeitslosigkeit (als systemunabh{\"a}ngiges Problem) auf den EU-Integrationsprozess in den jugoslawischen Nachfolgestaaten und Albanien. Welchen Einfluss haben der qualifikatorische und regionale Mismatch auf die Arbeitslosigkeit in Kroatien? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wird im zweiten Kapitel dieser Arbeit („Arbeitslosigkeit im Transformationsprozess: Qualifikatorischer und regionaler Mismatch in Kroatien") der Mismatch sowohl statisch mit Mismatch-Indikatoren als auch dynamisch im Rahmen der Matching-Funktion er{\"o}rtert. Unter Anwendung von Paneldaten f{\"u}r neun Berufsgruppen und 21 Regionen im Zeitraum zwischen Januar 2004 und Juni 2015 wird in diesem Kapitel mithilfe von Fixed-Effects-Modellen dieser Einfluss gesch{\"a}tzt. F{\"u}hrt die Anpassung der Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetze an die EU-Standards zu einer Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktergebnisse in den Staaten S{\"u}dosteuropas? Mit Hilfe von Paneldaten f{\"u}r den Zeitraum 1996-2014 wird f{\"u}r f{\"u}nf s{\"u}dosteurop{\"a}ische Staaten (Albanien, Kroatien, Mazedonien, Montenegro und Serbien) dieser Einfluss im Rahmen eines Differenz-in-Differenzen-Modells im dritten Aufsatz („Unvollst{\"a}ndige Integration: Eine Differenz-in-Differenzen-Analyse der s{\"u}dosteurop{\"a}ischen Arbeitsm{\"a}rkte") gesch{\"a}tzt.}, language = {de} } @misc{CasadoLandaisPicardetal.2018, author = {Casado, Mathieu and Landais, Amaelle and Picard, Ghislain and M{\"u}nch, Thomas and Laepple, Thomas and Stenni, Barbara and Dreossi, Giuliano and Ekaykin, Alexey and Arnaud, Laurent and Genthon, Christophe and Touzeau, Alexandra and Masson-Delmotte, Valerie and Jouzel, Jean}, title = {Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {716}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42705}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427054}, pages = {22}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic Plateau. Water isotopes are key proxies to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in trajectory-based Rayleigh distillation and isotope-enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering snow isotopic composition after deposition is still missing. In low-accumulation sites, such as those found in East Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretability of an ice core's isotopic composition. By combining observations of isotopic composition in vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau, we found indications of a seasonal impact of metamorphism on the surface snow isotopic signal when compared to the initial precipitation. Particularly in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the diurnal sublimation-condensation cycles. Overall, we observe in between precipitation events modification of the surface snow isotopic composition. Using high-resolution water isotopic composition profiles from snow pits at five Antarctic sites with different accumulation rates, we identified common patterns which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. These differences in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition provide evidence of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low-accumulation areas.}, language = {en} } @misc{GeorgievGrafmuellerBlegeretal.2018, author = {Georgiev, Vasil N. and Grafm{\"u}ller, Andrea and Bl{\´e}ger, David and Hecht, Stefan and Kunstmann, Ruth Sonja and Barbirz, Stefanie and Lipowsky, Reinhard and Dimova, Rumiana}, title = {Area increase and budding in giant vesicles triggered by light}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, volume = {5}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {733}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42629}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426298}, pages = {9}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Biomembranes are constantly remodeled and in cells, these processes are controlled and modulated by an assortment of membrane proteins. Here, it is shown that such remodeling can also be induced by photoresponsive molecules. The morphological control of giant vesicles in the presence of a water-soluble ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene photoswitch (F-azo) is demonstrated and it is shown that the shape transformations are based on an increase in membrane area and generation of spontaneous curvature. The vesicles exhibit budding and the buds can be retracted by using light of a different wavelength. In the presence of F-azo, the membrane area can increase by more than 5\% as assessed from vesicle electrodeformation. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and the partitioning of F-azo in the membrane, molecular dynamics simulations are employed. Comparison with theoretically calculated shapes reveals that the budded shapes are governed by curvature elasticity, that the spontaneous curvature can be decomposed into a local and a nonlocal contribution, and that the local spontaneous curvature is about 1/(2.5 mu m). The results show that exo- and endocytotic events can be controlled by light and that these photoinduced processes provide an attractive method to change membrane area and morphology.}, language = {en} } @misc{SeyfriedPohlenz2018, author = {Seyfried, Markus and Pohlenz, Philipp}, title = {Assessing quality assurance in higher education}, series = {European Journal of Higher Education}, journal = {European Journal of Higher Education}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413052}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The present article offers a mixed-method perspective on the investigation of determinants of effectiveness in quality assurance at higher education institutions. We collected survey data from German higher education institutions to analyse the degree to which quality managers perceive their approaches to quality assurance as effective. Based on this data, we develop an ordinary least squares regression model which explains perceived effectiveness through structural variables and certain quality assurance-related activities of quality managers. The results show that support by higher education institutions' higher management and cooperation with other education institutions are relevant preconditions for larger perceived degrees of quality assurance effectiveness. Moreover, quality managers' role as promoters of quality assurance exhibits significant correlations with perceived effectiveness. In contrast, sanctions and the perception of quality assurance as another administrative burden reveal negative correlations.}, language = {en} } @misc{WaltherGuanterHeimetal.2018, author = {Walther, Sophia and Guanter, Luis and Heim, Birgit and Jung, Martin and Duveiller, Gregory and Wolanin, Aleksandra and Sachs, Torsten}, title = {Assessing the dynamics of vegetation productivity in circumpolar regions with different satellite indicators of greenness and photosynthesis}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1025}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44620}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-446205}, pages = {6221 -- 6256}, year = {2018}, abstract = {High-latitude treeless ecosystems represent spatially highly heterogeneous landscapes with small net carbon fluxes and a short growing season. Reliable observations and process understanding are critical for projections of the carbon balance of the climate-sensitive tundra. Space-borne remote sensing is the only tool to obtain spatially continuous and temporally resolved information on vegetation greenness and activity in remote circumpolar areas. However, confounding effects from persistent clouds, low sun elevation angles, numerous lakes, widespread surface inundation, and the sparseness of the vegetation render it highly challenging. Here, we conduct an extensive analysis of the timing of peak vegetation productivity as shown by satellite observations of complementary indicators of plant greenness and photosynthesis. We choose to focus on productivity during the peak of the growing season, as it importantly affects the total annual carbon uptake. The suite of indicators are as follows: (1) MODIS-based vegetation indices (VIs) as proxies for the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that is absorbed (fPAR), (2) VIs combined with estimates of PAR as a proxy of the total absorbed radiation (APAR), (3) sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) serving as a proxy for photosynthesis, (4) vegetation optical depth (VOD), indicative of total water content and (5) empirically upscaled modelled gross primary productivity (GPP). Averaged over the pan-Arctic we find a clear order of the annual peak as APAR ≦ GPP 0.75). Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsWright2018, author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Wright, Michelle F.}, title = {Associations between Bystanders and Perpetrators of Online Hate}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {475}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419486}, pages = {9}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Hatred directed at members of groups due to their origin, race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation is not new, but it has taken on a new dimension in the online world. To date, very little is known about online hate among adolescents. It is also unknown how online disinhibition might influence the association between being bystanders and being perpetrators of online hate. Thus, the present study focused on examining the associations among being bystanders of online hate, being perpetrators of online hate, and the moderating role of toxic online disinhibition in the relationship between being bystanders and perpetrators of online hate. In total, 1480 students aged between 12 and 17 years old were included in this study. Results revealed positive associations between being online hate bystanders and perpetrators, regardless of whether adolescents had or had not been victims of online hate themselves. The results also showed an association between toxic online disinhibition and online hate perpetration. Further, toxic online disinhibition moderated the relationship between being bystanders of online hate and being perpetrators of online hate. Implications for prevention programs and future research are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbeckGidron2018, author = {Albeck-Gidron, Rachel}, title = {At Opposite Ends of Asia - Contact between East Asian Culture and Modern Hebrew Literature from the Late Nineteenth Century until Today. A Historiographical and Linguistic Study}, series = {Sprache Deutsch PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {Sprache Deutsch PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408931}, pages = {95 -- 118}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This article deals with contact between East Asian thought and modern Hebrew Literature from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century, until today. In the first part, the article suggests that from a historiographical perspective, one may outline three waves of contact between these two cultural phenomena, at opposite ends of Asia. In the first wave, which began in the early twentieth century, Asian influence on Hebrew literature written in Europe was mediated mainly through the philosophers Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. The second wave, which emerged in the 1950s, relates to the influence of the leaders of the Beat Generation, who, in turn, were influenced by modernist poetry in English, which was colored by contact with Asian poetry. The third wave is part of the glocal New Age phenomenon and its appropriation of certain Buddhist traits. The second part of the article presents several theoretical possibilities of symbioses between cultures, as they appear within language. The third part presents the symptomatic example of the work of contemporary Hebrew writer Yoel Hoffmann, who appears to be a representative of the second wave; however, his work maintains dialogue with the first wave, and its current popularity is part of the third wave. Hoffmann's work serves as an example of how to apply the theoretical possibilities presented in the second part of the article, as an instance of literary contact between two cultures and their respective languages.}, language = {en} } @misc{Wilhelm2018, author = {Wilhelm, Jan Lorenz}, title = {Atmosphere in the home stadium of Hertha BSC (German Bundesliga)}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {486}, issn = {1866-8372}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420639}, pages = {21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {German football stadiums are well known for their atmosphere. It is often described as 'electrifying,' or 'cracking.' This article focuses on this atmosphere. Using a phenomenological approach, it explores how this emotionality can be understood and how geography matters while attending a match. Atmosphere in this context is conceptualized based on work by as a mood-charged space, neither object- nor subject-centered, but rather a medium of perception which cannot not exist. Based on qualitative research done in the home stadium of Hertha BSC in the German Bundesliga, this article shows that the bodily sensations experienced by spectators during a visit to the stadium are synchronized with events on the pitch and with the more or less imposing scenery. The analysis of in situ diaries reveals that spectators experience a comprehensive sense of collectivity. The study presents evidence that the occurrence of these bodily sensations is strongly connected with different aspects of spatiality. This includes sensations of constriction and expansion within the body, an awareness of one's location within the stadium, the influence of the immediate surroundings and cognitive here/there and inside/outside distinctions.}, language = {en} } @article{Steinorth2018, author = {Steinorth, Charlotte}, title = {Auf dem Weg zu einem menschenrechtlichen Schutz vor Abschiebung f{\"u}r Schwerkranke?}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {22}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410481}, pages = {87 -- 96}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @misc{HenkelColemanMacGregorofInneregnySchraplauetal.2018, author = {Henkel, Janin and Coleman Mac Gregor of Inneregny, Charles Dominic and Schraplau, Anne and J{\"o}hrens, Korinna and Weiss, Thomas Siegfried and Jonas, Wenke and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul}, title = {Augmented liver inflammation in a microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1)-deficient diet-induced mouse NASH model}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {483}, issn = {1866-8372}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420879}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In a subset of patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complicated by cell death and inflammation resulting in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to fibrosis and subsequent organ failure. Apart from cytokines, prostaglandins, in particular prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), play a pivotal role during inflammatory processes. Expression of the key enzymes of PGE(2) synthesis, cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1), was increased in human NASH livers in comparison to controls and correlated with the NASH activity score. Both enzymes were also induced in NASH-diet-fed wild-type mice, resulting in an increase in hepatic PGE(2) concentration that was completely abrogated in mPGES-1-deficient mice. PGE(2) is known to inhibit TNF-alpha synthesis in macrophages. A strong infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages was observed in NASH-diet-fed mice, which was accompanied with an increase in hepatic TNF-alpha expression. Due to the impaired PGE(2) production, TNF-alpha expression increased much more in livers of mPGES-1-deficient mice or in the peritoneal macrophages of these mice. The increased levels of TNF-alpha resulted in an enhanced IL-1 beta production, primarily in hepatocytes, and augmented hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, attenuation of PGE(2) production by mPGES-1 ablation enhanced the TNF-alpha-triggered inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis in diet-induced NASH.}, language = {en} } @misc{GanghofEppnerPoerschke2018, author = {Ganghof, Steffen and Eppner, Sebastian and P{\"o}rschke, Alexander}, title = {Australian bicameralism as semi-parliamentarism}, series = {Australian Journal of Political Science}, journal = {Australian Journal of Political Science}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412984}, pages = {24}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article analyses the type of bicameralism we find in Australia as a distinct executive-legislative system - a hybrid between parliamentary and presidential government - which we call 'semi- parliamentary government'. We argue that this hybrid presents an important and underappreciated alternative to pure parliamentary government as well as presidential forms of the power-separation, and that it can achieve a certain balance between competing models or visions of democracy. We specify theoretically how the semi-parliamentary separation of powers contributes to the balancing of democratic visions and propose a conceptual framework for comparing democratic visions. We use this framework to locate the Australian Commonwealth, all Australian states and 22 advanced democratic nation-states on a two- dimensional empirical map of democratic patterns for the period from 1995 to 2015.}, language = {en} } @article{Zenin2018, author = {Zenin, Sergej}, title = {Auswirkung der Vorstrafe auf das subjektive Wahlrecht}, series = {Vierte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 31.05.-03.06.2016 mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, journal = {Vierte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 31.05.-03.06.2016 mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411460}, pages = {41 -- 46}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @techreport{Berman2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Berman, Franklin}, title = {Authority in International Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {22}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42284}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422843}, pages = {21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The author discusses the question of authority when determining the content of an international legal rule. Taking Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute as a point of departure, he determines through meticolous analysis what ranks as judicial decisions as well as teachings within the meaning of the norm. The author then proceeds to a number of factors to determine authoritativeness: objectivity, knowledgeability, depth of analysis, and the presence or otherwise of reasoning and, in particular, the persuasiveness of an opinion. In the case of judicial pronouncements, the author points out that the paradox between Article 59 and Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute is only an apparent one. While judgments of the Court are binding only between the parties, it is merely the underlying reasoning that can be taken into account in the context of Article 38(1)(d) if considered persuasive. Without central authority, authoritativenes in international law must always be earned which is also the reason for the lack of an hierarchical order between as well as within judicial pronouncements and learned writings though the former are usually more likely to fulfil the criteria of authoritativeness. In both cases, however, previously acquired reputation of a court or even an individual judge as well as of a learned writer can create a presumption of authoritativeness. On a more general level, the author concludes with a call for a more careful differentiation between the determination of law and its application. Putting the issue discussed into perspective, the author argues that situations of law determination arise, contrary to common understanding, in fact far less often than situations of law application.}, language = {en} } @article{DamnikGierlProskeetal.2018, author = {Damnik, Gregor and Gierl, Mark and Proske, Antje and K{\"o}rndle, Hermann and Narciss, Susanne}, title = {Automatische Erzeugung von Aufgaben als Mittel zur Erh{\"o}hung von Interaktivit{\"a}t und Adaptivit{\"a}t in digitalen Lernressourcen}, series = {E-Learning Symposium 2018}, journal = {E-Learning Symposium 2018}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42184}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421842}, pages = {5 -- 16}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Digitale Medien enthalten bislang vor allem Inhalte in verschiedenen Darstellungsformen. Dies allein erzeugt jedoch nur einen geringen Mehrwert zu klassischen Lernressourcen, da die Kriterien der Interaktivit{\"a}t und Adaptivit{\"a}t nicht mit einbezogen werden. Dies scheitert jedoch oft an dem damit verbundenen Erstellungsaufwand. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt, wie durch die automatische Erzeugung von Aufgaben ein hochwertiger Wissenserwerb mit digitalen Medien erm{\"o}glicht wird. Ferner werden Vor- und Nachteile der automatischen Erstellung von Aufgaben er{\"o}rtert.}, language = {de} } @misc{NakamuraClaesGrebeetal.2018, author = {Nakamura, Moritaka and Claes, Andrea R. and Grebe, Tobias and Hermkes, Rebecca and Viotti, Corrado and Ikeda, Yoshihisa and Grebe, Markus}, title = {Auxin and ROP GTPase signaling of polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {992}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44127}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441278}, pages = {378 -- 391}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Polar nuclear migration is crucial during the development of diverse eukaryotes. In plants, root hair growth requires polar nuclear migration into the outgrowing hair. However, knowledge about the dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms underlying nuclear movements in root epidermal cells remains limited. Here, we show that both auxin and Rho-of-Plant (ROP) signaling modulate polar nuclear position at the inner epidermal plasma membrane domain oriented to the cortical cells during cell elongation as well as subsequent polar nuclear movement to the outer domain into the emerging hair bulge in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Auxin signaling via the nuclear AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE ACETIC ACID7 pathway ensures correct nuclear placement toward the inner membrane domain. Moreover, precise inner nuclear placement relies on SPIKE1 Rho-GEF, SUPERCENTIPEDE1 Rho-GDI, and ACTIN7 (ACT7) function and to a lesser extent on VTI11 vacuolar SNARE activity. Strikingly, the directionality and/or velocity of outer polar nuclear migration into the hair outgrowth along actin strands also are ACT7 dependent, auxin sensitive, and regulated by ROP signaling. Thus, our findings provide a founding framework revealing auxin and ROP signaling of inner polar nuclear position with some contribution by vacuolar morphology and of actin-dependent outer polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells.}, language = {en} } @misc{MelnickLiMorenoetal.2018, author = {Melnick, Daniel and Li, Shaoyang and Moreno, Marcos and Cisternas, Marco and Jara-Mu{\~n}oz, Julius and Wesson, Robert and Nelson, Alan and B{\´a}ez, Juan Carlos and Deng, Zhiguo}, title = {Back to full interseismic plate locking decades after the giant 1960 Chile earthquake}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {678}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42572}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425723}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Great megathrust earthquakes arise from the sudden release of energy accumulated during centuries of interseismic plate convergence. The moment deficit (energy available for future earthquakes) is commonly inferred by integrating the rate of interseismic plate locking over the time since the previous great earthquake. But accurate integration requires knowledge of how interseismic plate locking changes decades after earthquakes, measurements not available for most great earthquakes. Here we reconstruct the post-earthquake history of plate locking at Guafo Island, above the seismogenic zone of the giant 1960 (M-w = 9.5) Chile earthquake, through forward modeling of land-level changes inferred from aerial imagery (since 1974) and measured by GPS (since 1994). We find that interseismic locking increased to similar to 70\% in the decade following the 1960 earthquake and then gradually to 100\% by 2005. Our findings illustrate the transient evolution of plate locking in Chile, and suggest a similarly complex evolution elsewhere, with implications for the time- and magnitude-dependent probability of future events.}, language = {en} } @misc{KunstmannScheidtBuchwaldetal.2018, author = {Kunstmann, Ruth Sonja and Scheidt, Tom and Buchwald, Saskia and Helm, Alexandra and Mulard, Laurence A. and Fruth, Angelika and Barbirz, Stefanie}, title = {Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein for Detection of Shigella flexneri Pathogens}, series = {Viruses}, journal = {Viruses}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417831}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Bacteriophage research is gaining more importance due to increasing antibiotic resistance. However, for treatment with bacteriophages, diagnostics have to be improved. Bacteriophages carry adhesion proteins, which bind to the bacterial cell surface, for example tailspike proteins (TSP) for specific recognition of bacterial O-antigen polysaccharide. TSP are highly stable proteins and thus might be suitable components for the integration into diagnostic tools. We used the TSP of bacteriophage Sf6 to establish two applications for detecting Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), a highly contagious pathogen causing dysentery. We found that Sf6TSP not only bound O-antigen of S. flexneri serotype Y, but also the glucosylated O-antigen of serotype 2a. Moreover, mass spectrometry glycan analyses showed that Sf6TSP tolerated various O-acetyl modifications on these O-antigens. We established a microtiter plate-based ELISA like tailspike adsorption assay (ELITA) using a Strep-tag®II modified Sf6TSP. As sensitive screening alternative we produced a fluorescently labeled Sf6TSP via coupling to an environment sensitive dye. Binding of this probe to the S. flexneri O-antigen Y elicited a fluorescence intensity increase of 80\% with an emission maximum in the visible light range. The Sf6TSP probes thus offer a promising route to a highly specific and sensitive bacteriophage TSP-based Shigella detection system.}, language = {en} }