@article{ReithSeyfried2018, author = {Reith, Florian and Seyfried, Markus}, title = {Balancing the Moods}, series = {Higher education policy}, volume = {32}, journal = {Higher education policy}, number = {1}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Basingstoke}, issn = {0952-8733}, doi = {10.1057/s41307-018-0124-6}, pages = {71 -- 91}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Quality management (QM) has spread around the world and reached higher education in Europe in the early 1990s (Mendel, 2006, 137; Kernegger and Vettori, 2013, 1). However, researchers were rather more interested in national quality assurance policies (macro-level) and accreditation systems (meso-level) than in intra-organizational perspectives about the day-to-day implementation of quality assurance policies by various actors (micro-level). Undoubtedly, organizational change is a challenging endeavor for all kinds of groups. On the one hand, it provides the opportunity of further development and innovation, but on the other hand, it exposes organizations and actors to the risk of losing established structures and accepted routines. Like in many other organizations, actors may not necessarily perceive change as a promoter of innovation and development. Instead, they may consider change as a threat to the existing status quo or, as March points out, as an "interplay between rationality and foolishness" (March, 1981, 563). Consequently, change provokes either affective or behavioral actions (Armenakis and Bedeian, 1999, 308-310), such as, for example, resistance. Anderson (2006, 2008) and Lucas (2014) have shown, for example, that academic resistance is an important issue. However, Piderit characterizes resistance as a multidimensional construct (Piderit, 2000, 786-787) subject to a wide variety of issues related to quality and QM. Although QM has been described as a "fashion" (Stensaker, 2007, 101) in the higher education sector that provokes many different reactions, its implementation in higher education institutions (HEIs) is still a rather unexplored field. Thus, the evidence provided by Anderson (2006, 2008) and others (Newton, 2000, 2002; McInnis et al., 1995; Fredman and Doughney, 2012; Lucas, 2014; etc.) needs to be expanded, because they only consider the perspective of academia. In particular, the view of other actors during the implementation of quality assurance policies is a missing piece in this empirical puzzle. Nearly nothing is known about how quality managers deal with reactions to organizational change like resistance and obstruction. Until now, only a few studies have focused on intra-organizational dynamics (see, for example: Csizmadia et al., 2008; Lipnicka, 2016). Besides the lack of research on the implementation of quality assurance policies in HEIs, quality managers seem to be an interesting subject for further investigations because they are "endogenous" to institutional processes. On the one hand, quality managers are the result of quality assurance policies, and on the other hand, they influence the implementation of quality assurance policies, which affect other actors (like academics, administrative staff, etc.). Here, quality managers, as members of an emerging higher education profession, are involved in various conflict lines between QM, HEI management and departments, which need further research (Seyfried and Pohlenz, 2018, 9). Therefore, the aim of our paper is twofold: firstly, to answer the question of how quality managers perceive resistance, and secondly, which measures they take in situations of perceived resistance. We offer a new research perspective and argue that resistance is not merely provoked by organizational change; it also provokes counter-reactions by actors who are confronted with resistance. Thus, resistance seems to be rather endogenous. To theorize our argument, we apply parts of the work of Christine Oliver (1991), which provides theoretical insights into strategic responses to institutional processes, ranging from acquiescence to manipulation (Oliver, 1991, 152). We, therefore, investigate the introduction of QM in teaching and learning, and the emergence of quality managers as higher education professionals as one of the results of quality assurance policies. Consequently, the introduction of QM may be considered as an institutional process provoking reactions and counter-reactions of various organizational units within HEIs. These circumstances are constitutive for how quality managers deal with resistance and other reactions toward organizational change. We use this theoretical framework to analyze the German higher education sector, because this particular case can be considered as a latecomer in New Public Management reforms (Schimank, 2005, 369) and Germany is a country where academic self-governance plays a very important role, and strongly influences academics' behavior when it comes to organizational change (Wolter, 2004). Our empirical results are based on a mixed-methods research design and integrate half-structured interviews and a nationwide survey at the central level in German HEIs, which excludes faculty members of QM (decentral level). They reveal that quality managers take different types of action when resistance occurs during the implementation of quality assurance policies. Furthermore, quality managers mainly react with different tactics. These tactics seem to be relevant for convincing academics and for the enhancement of their commitment to improve the quality of teaching and learning, instead of provoking further resistance or avoidance practices. This article proceeds as follows: the next sections describe the context and explain our main theoretical concepts referring to the work of Oliver (1991) and others. After that, we present our case selection and the methodological framework, including the data sources and the operationalization of selected variables. Finally, we provide our empirical results about quality managers' perceptions on resistance and we draw conclusions.}, language = {en} } @article{FrickelSieberBecks2016, author = {Frickel, Jens and Sieber, Michael and Becks, Lutz}, title = {Eco-evolutionary dynamics in a coevolving host-virus system}, series = {Ecology letters}, volume = {19}, journal = {Ecology letters}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1461-023X}, doi = {10.1111/ele.12580}, pages = {450 -- 459}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Eco-evolutionary dynamics have been shown to be important for understanding population and community stability and their adaptive potential. However, coevolution in the framework of eco-evolutionary theory has not been addressed directly. Combining experiments with an algal host and its viral parasite, and mathematical model analyses we show eco-evolutionary dynamics in antagonistic coevolving populations. The interaction between antagonists initially resulted in arms race dynamics (ARD) with selective sweeps, causing oscillating host-virus population dynamics. However, ARD ended and populations stabilised after the evolution of a general resistant host, whereas a trade-off between host resistance and growth then maintained host diversity over time (trade-off driven dynamics). Most importantly, our study shows that the interaction between ecology and evolution had important consequences for the predictability of the mode and tempo of adaptive change and for the stability and adaptive potential of populations.}, language = {en} } @misc{Guschke2019, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Guschke, Karsten}, title = {Erinnerungskultur in Belarus nach 1945}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54119}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541190}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {91}, year = {2019}, abstract = {F{\"u}nfundsiebzig Jahre nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs steht die heutige Erinnerungskultur vor großen Herausforderungen. Immer weniger {\"U}berlebende k{\"o}nnen pers{\"o}nliches Zeugnis des Erlebten ablegen. W{\"a}hrend sich seit den 1980er Jahren hat in der westlichen Welt eine gesellschaftliche und staatliche Erinnerungskultur etabliert hat, die sowohl in der Bildung, als auch im {\"o}ffentlichen Raum ihren Platz gefunden hat. Jenseits des ehemaligen „Eisernen Vorhangs" ist diese Erinnerungskultur keineswegs selbstverst{\"a}ndlich, bis nicht erw{\"u}nscht. Diese Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der besonderen Situation Belarus, welches heute immer noch stark postsowjetisch gepr{\"a}gt ist und als Land mit dem zweith{\"o}chsten Partisanenwiderstand gegen die deutsche Besatzung gilt. Aufgrund der besonderen geschichtlichen Situation geht der von der j{\"u}dischen Bev{\"o}lkerung mitgetragene Widerstand im staatlich gepr{\"a}gten Heldennarrativ der siegreichen sowjetischen Armee unter. Gepaart wird der Sieg der Sowjetarmee mit einem Opfernarrativ, welches in der Folge in allgemeiner Ansprache fast ausschließlich nur verstorbenen Sowjetb{\"u}rgern gedenkt, aber nicht explizit die j{\"u}dischen Mitb{\"u}rger benennt. Somit geht sowohl die Erinnerung an den j{\"u}dischen Widerstand, als auch an die Verfolgung der j{\"u}dischen Bev{\"o}lkerung in der Memorialkultur Belarus bis auf wenige Ausnahmen verloren. Tragischerweise war Widerstand jedoch oftmals die einzige M{\"o}glichkeit f{\"u}r J{\"u}dinnen und Juden {\"u}berhaupt zu {\"u}berleben. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus muss ein staatlich getragener und gef{\"o}rderter Antisemitismus innerhalb der ehemaligen Sowjetunion mitgedacht werden, der die j{\"u}dische Bev{\"o}lkerung weiterhin diskriminierte und verfolgte. In einem geschichtlichen Abriss ab 1941 bis zur Gr{\"u}ndung der Republik Belarus und ihrer aktuellen staatlichen Doktrin wird einleitend der j{\"u}dische Widerstand dargestellt, der in der Folge stattfindende offizielle Umgang mit dem Holocaust und heutige Orte des Erinnerns, sowohl staatlicherseits, als auch privater Initiativen. Einzelne konkrete Beispiele veranschaulichen die angesprochenen Themenbereiche. Bis heute hat das Gedenken an die j{\"u}dischen Opfer, geschweige denn an deren Widerstand, einen sehr geringen Stellenwert in Belarus. Es bleibt zu bef{\"u}rchten, dass mit den letzten Zeitzeugen diese Erinnerung aus dem kollektiven Ged{\"a}chtnis verschwindet.}, language = {de} } @misc{NeigenfindGyetvaiBasekowetal.2008, author = {Neigenfind, Jost and Gyetvai, Gabor and Basekow, Rico and Diehl, Svenja and Achenbach, Ute and Gebhardt, Christiane and Selbig, Joachim and Kersten, Birgit}, title = {Haplotype inference from unphased SNP data in heterozygous polyploids based on SAT}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {883}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43501}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435011}, pages = {28}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Background: Haplotype inference based on unphased SNP markers is an important task in population genetics. Although there are different approaches to the inference of haplotypes in diploid species, the existing software is not suitable for inferring haplotypes from unphased SNP data in polyploid species, such as the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum). Potato species are tetraploid and highly heterozygous. Results: Here we present the software SATlotyper which is able to handle polyploid and polyallelic data. SATlo-typer uses the Boolean satisfiability problem to formulate Haplotype Inference by Pure Parsimony. The software excludes existing haplotype inferences, thus allowing for calculation of alternative inferences. As it is not known which of the multiple haplotype inferences are best supported by the given unphased data set, we use a bootstrapping procedure that allows for scoring of alternative inferences. Finally, by means of the bootstrapping scores, it is possible to optimise the phased genotypes belonging to a given haplotype inference. The program is evaluated with simulated and experimental SNP data generated for heterozygous tetraploid populations of potato. We show that, instead of taking the first haplotype inference reported by the program, we can significantly improve the quality of the final result by applying additional methods that include scoring of the alternative haplotype inferences and genotype optimisation. For a sub-population of nineteen individuals, the predicted results computed by SATlotyper were directly compared with results obtained by experimental haplotype inference via sequencing of cloned amplicons. Prediction and experiment gave similar results regarding the inferred haplotypes and phased genotypes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Haplotype Inference by Pure Parsimony can be solved efficiently by the SAT approach, even for data sets of unphased SNP from heterozygous polyploids. SATlotyper is freeware and is distributed as a Java JAR file. The software can be downloaded from the webpage of the GABI Primary Database at http://www.gabipd.org/projects/satlotyper/. The application of SATlotyper will provide haplotype information, which can be used in haplotype association mapping studies of polyploid plants.}, language = {en} } @article{Raters2020, author = {Raters, Marie-Luise}, title = {Ich tat doch nur meine Pflicht!}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Praktische Philosophie}, volume = {7}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Praktische Philosophie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Salzburg}, address = {Salzburg}, issn = {2409-9961}, doi = {10.22613/zfpp/7.1.2}, pages = {43 -- 68}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Menschen, die moralisch Herausragendes getan haben, sagen mit signifikanter H{\"a}ufigkeit, dass sie damit nur ‚ihre Pflicht' getan h{\"a}tten. So auch Staszek Jackowski, der im besetzten Polen 18 Monate lang 32 j{\"u}dische Menschen in einem Keller unter seinem Haus vor den Nazi-Verbrechern versteckt hatte. Der Essay diskutiert dieses irritierende Ph{\"a}nomen, das in der aktuellen angloamerikanischen Supererogationsforschung als ‚Heroismus-Paradox' bezeichnet wird. In einem ersten Schritt wird Jackowskis Handlungsweise als Supererogation (Ultraerogation) und damit als Nichtpflicht ausgewiesen. Anschließend werden verschiedene L{\"o}sungsvorschl{\"a}ge des Heroismus-Paradoxes diskutiert. Daraus wird ein alternativer L{\"o}sungsvorschlag entwickelt, demzufolge das Handeln von Supererogateuren in einer freiwilligen Selbstverpflichtung auf einen besonders anspruchsvollen Entwurf vom moralischen Selbst wurzelt. In zwei Ausblicken wird abschließend in grobem Umriss begr{\"u}ndet, warum Mitl{\"a}ufer unanst{\"a}ndig wirken und was unter Jackowskis Umst{\"a}nden tats{\"a}chlich moralische Pflicht gewesen w{\"a}re.}, language = {de} } @article{NiehusKettler2023, author = {Niehus-Kettler, Melinda}, title = {Naturalising perceived otherness}, series = {Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs}, journal = {Geschlechter in Un-Ordnung: Zur Irritation von Zweigeschlechtlichkeit im Wissenschaftsdiskurs}, publisher = {Verlag Barbara Budrich}, address = {Opladen, Berlin, Toronto}, isbn = {978-3-8474-2679-0}, doi = {10.2307/jj.4163724.7}, pages = {57 -- 74}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This essay takes an Anglophone Cultural Studies approach to reflect on the interdependence among as well as the individual (implicit) impact of the elements constituting our (embodied) power structures. These are, e.g., bodily experience/s such as shame and fear, everyday and institutional discourses and practices, but also manifestations of differences and particularities that we transform into phenomena such as "norms", "binary systems" and "binary organisations". The analysis of seemingly cyclic "Othering processes" and patterns of violence shows how people who identify as trans*, inter*, or non-binary have to live through and embody epistemological, emotional, and/or physical violence. At the same time, the descriptions illustrate numberless potential forms of resistance and change.}, language = {en} } @misc{NiehusKettler2023, author = {Niehus-Kettler, Melinda}, title = {Naturalising perceived otherness}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, isbn = {978-3-8474-2679-0}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60133}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-601332}, pages = {20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This essay takes an Anglophone Cultural Studies approach to reflect on the interdependence among as well as the individual (implicit) impact of the elements constituting our (embodied) power structures. These are, e.g., bodily experience/s such as shame and fear, everyday and institutional discourses and practices, but also manifestations of differences and particularities that we transform into phenomena such as "norms", "binary systems" and "binary organisations". The analysis of seemingly cyclic "Othering processes" and patterns of violence shows how people who identify as trans*, inter*, or non-binary have to live through and embody epistemological, emotional, and/or physical violence. At the same time, the descriptions illustrate numberless potential forms of resistance and change.}, language = {en} } @article{KaechMatheHubertDennisetal.2018, author = {K{\"a}ch, Heidi and Mathe-Hubert, Hugo and Dennis, Alice B. and Vorburger, Christoph}, title = {Rapid evolution of symbiont-mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids}, series = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {11}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1752-4571}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12532}, pages = {220 -- 230}, year = {2018}, abstract = {There is growing interest in biological control as a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to control pest insects. Aphids are among the most detrimental agricultural pests worldwide, and parasitoid wasps are frequently employed for their control. The use of asexual parasitoids may improve the effectiveness of biological control because only females kill hosts and because asexual populations have a higher growth rate than sexuals. However, asexuals may have a reduced capacity to track evolutionary change in their host populations. We used a factorial experiment to compare the ability of sexual and asexual populations of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum to control caged populations of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) of high and low clonal diversity. The aphids came from a natural population, and one-third of the aphid clones harbored Hamiltonella defensa, a heritable bacterial endosymbiont that increases resistance to parasitoids. We followed aphid and parasitoid population dynamics for 3months but found no evidence that the reproductive mode of parasitoids affected their effectiveness as biocontrol agents, independent of host clonal diversity. Parasitoids failed to control aphids in most cases, because their introduction resulted in strong selection for clones protected by H.defensa. The increasingly resistant aphid populations escaped control by parasitoids, and we even observed parasitoid extinctions in many cages. The rapid evolution of symbiont-conferred resistance in turn imposed selection on parasitoids. In cages where asexual parasitoids persisted until the end of the experiment, they became dominated by a single genotype able to overcome the protection provided by H.defensa. Thus, there was evidence for parasitoid counteradaptation, but it was generally too slow for parasitoids to regain control over aphid populations. It appears that when pest aphids possess defensive symbionts, the presence of parasitoid genotypes able to overcome symbiont-conferred resistance is more important for biocontrol success than their reproductive mode.}, language = {en} } @misc{KaechMatheHubertDennisetal.2017, author = {K{\"a}ch, Heidi and Math{\´e}-Hubert, Hugo and Dennis, Alice B. and Vorburger, Christoph}, title = {Rapid evolution of symbiont-­mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {620}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42354}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423542}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {There is growing interest in biological control as a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to control pest insects. Aphids are among the most detrimental agricultural pests worldwide, and parasitoid wasps are frequently employed for their control. The use of asexual parasitoids may improve the effectiveness of biological control because only females kill hosts and because asexual populations have a higher growth rate than sexuals. However, asexuals may have a reduced capacity to track evolutionary change in their host populations. We used a factorial experiment to compare the ability of sexual and asexual populations of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum to control caged populations of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) of high and low clonal diversity. The aphids came from a natural population, and one-­third of the aphid clones harbored Hamiltonella defensa, a heritable bacterial endosymbiont that increases resistance to parasitoids. We followed aphid and parasitoid population dynamics for 3 months but found no evidence that the reproductive mode of parasitoids affected their effectiveness as biocontrol agents, independent of host clonal diversity. Parasitoids failed to control aphids in most cases, because their introduction resulted in strong selection for clones protected by H. defensa. The increasingly resistant aphid populations escaped control by parasitoids, and we even observed parasitoid extinctions in many cages. The rapid evolution of symbiont-­conferred resistance in turn imposed selection on parasitoids. In cages where asexual parasitoids persisted until the end of the experiment, they became dominated by a single genotype able to overcome the protection provided by H. defensa. Thus, there was evidence for parasitoid counteradaptation, but it was generally too slow for parasitoids to regain control over aphid populations. It appears that when pest aphids possess defensive symbionts, the presence of parasitoid genotypes able to overcome symbiont-­conferred resistance is more important for biocontrol success than their reproductive mode.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Burkert2022, author = {Burkert, Rebecca}, title = {Struggle for existence}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54293}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-542937}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 239}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this project, I sought to understand how Palestinian claim-making in the West Bank is possible within the context of continuing Israeli occupation and repression by the Palestinian political leadership. I explored the questions of what channels non-state actors use to advance their claims, what opportunities they have for making these claims, and what challenges they face. This exploration covers the time period from the Oslo Accords in the mid-1990s to the so-called Great March of Return in 2018. I demonstrated that Palestinians used different modes and strategies of resistance in the past century, as the area of what today is Israel/Palestine has historically been a target for foreign penetration. Yet, the Oslo agreements between the Israeli government and the Palestinian leadership have ended Palestinians' decentralized and pluralist social governance, reinforced Israeli rule in the Palestinian territories, promoted continuing dispossession and segregation of Palestinians, and further restricted their rights and their claim-making opportunities until this day. Therefore, today, Palestinian society in the West Bank is characterized by fragmentation, geographical and societal segregation, and double repression by Israeli occupation and Palestinian Authority (PA) policies. What is more, Palestinian claim-making is legally curtailed due to the establishment of different geographical entities in which Palestinians are subjugated to different forms of Israeli rule and regulations. I argue that the concepts of civil society and acts of citizenship, which are often used to describe non-state actors' rights-seeking activities, fall short on understanding and describing Palestinian claim-making in the West Bank comprehensively. By determining their boundaries, the concept of acts of subjecthood evolved as a novel theoretical approach within the research process and as a means of claim-making within repressive contexts where claim makers' rights are curtailed and opportunities for rights-seeking activities are few. Thereby, this study applies a new theoretical framework to the conflict in Israel/Palestine and contributes to a better understanding of rights-seeking activities within the West Bank. Further, I argue that Palestinian acts of subjecthood against hostile Israeli rule in the West Bank are embedded within the comprehensive structure of settler colonialism. As a form of colonialism that aims at replacing an indigenous population, Israeli settler colonialism in the West Bank manifests itself in restrictions of Palestinian movement, settlement constructions, home demolitions, violence, and detentions. By using grounded theory and inductive reasoning as methodological approaches, I was able to make generalizations about the state of Palestinian claim-making. These generalizations are based on the analysis of secondary materials and data collected via face-to-face and video interviews with non-state actors in Israel/Palestine. The conducted research shows that there is not a single measure or a standalone condition that hinders Palestinian claim-making, but a complex and comprehensive structure that, on the one hand, shrinks Palestinian living space by occupation and destruction and, on the other hand, diminishes Palestinian civic space by limiting the fundamental rights to organize and build social movements to change the status Palestinians live in. Although the concrete, tangible outcomes of Palestinian acts of subjecthood are marginal, they contribute to strengthening and perpetuating Palestinian's long history of resistance against Israeli oppression. With a lack of adherence to international law, the neglect of UN resolutions by the Israeli government, the continuous defeats of rights organizations in Israeli courts, and the repression of institutions based in the West Bank by PA and occupation policies, Palestinian acts of subjecthood cannot overturn current power structures. Nevertheless, the ongoing persistence of non-state actors claiming rights, as well as the pop-up of new initiatives and youth movements are all essential for strengthening Palestinians' resilience and documenting current injustices. Therefore, they can build the pillars for social change in the future. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es zu untersuchen, wie pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making, also die Artikulation von Forderungen bzw. die Geltendmachung von bestimmten Rechten, vor dem Hintergrund der anhaltenden israelischen Besatzung und Repressalien durch die pal{\"a}stinensische politische F{\"u}hrung im Westjordanland durchgesetzt werden kann. Dabei soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Kan{\"a}le nichtstaatliche Akteure nutzen, um ihre Anspr{\"u}che geltend zu machen, welche M{\"o}glichkeiten sich ihnen daf{\"u}r bieten und vor welchen Herausforderungen sie stehen. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt sich dabei vom Osloer Friedensprozess Mitte der 1990er Jahre bis hin zum sogenannten Great March of Return im Jahr 2018. Die im Gebiet des heutigen Israel/Pal{\"a}stina lebenden Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen bedienten sich in Zeiten ausl{\"a}ndischer Einflussnahme, z.B. w{\"a}hrend der britischen Besatzung im vergangenen Jahrhundert, verschiedenster Widerstandsformen und -strategien. Jedoch haben die Osloer Abkommen zwischen der israelischen Regierung und der pal{\"a}stinensischen F{\"u}hrung die dezentrale und partizipative Mobilisierung der pal{\"a}stinensischen Gesellschaft erschwert, die andauernde Enteignung von Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen beg{\"u}nstigt und ihre Rechte bis zum heutigen Tag weiter eingeschr{\"a}nkt. Die heutige pal{\"a}stinensische Gesellschaft im Westjordanland ist daher durch Zersplitterung, geografische und gesellschaftliche Segregation und doppelte Un-terdr{\"u}ckung durch die israelische Besatzung sowie die Pal{\"a}stinensische Autonomiebeh{\"o}rde gekennzeichnet. Zudem f{\"u}hrt die Etablierung verschiedener geografischer Entit{\"a}ten, in denen Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen unterschiedlichen Formen israelischer Herrschaft, Regularien und Ein-griffsrechten unterworfen sind, dazu, dass pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making auch formalrecht-lich eingeschr{\"a}nkt ist. Um die Aktivit{\"a}ten nichtstaatlicher Akteure in diesem Kontext beschreiben zu k{\"o}nnen, wer-den h{\"a}ufig das Konzept der Zivilgesellschaft oder das der acts of citizenship herangezogen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird jedoch argumentiert, dass diese Konzepte nur bedingt auf den Status Quo im Westjordanland anwendbar sind und pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making nicht hinreichend verstehen und beschreiben k{\"o}nnen. Im Laufe des Forschungsprozesses hat sich daher das Konzept der acts of subjecthood als neuer theoretischer Ansatz herausgebildet, der claim-making in repressiven Kontexten beschreibt, in denen nichtstaatliche Akteure nur geringen Handlungsspielraum haben, ihre Forderungen durchsetzen zu k{\"o}nnen. Durch diese „Theorie-Brille" erm{\"o}glicht meine Forschung einen neuartigen Blick auf den israelisch-pal{\"a}stinensischen Konflikt und tr{\"a}gt auf diese Weise zu einem besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis von claim-making-Aktivit{\"a}ten im Westjordanland bei. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bettet die vorliegende Ar-beit acts of subjecthood in den gr{\"o}ßeren Kontext des Siedlungskolonialismus ein. Dieser beschreibt eine Form des Kolonialismus, die darauf abzielt, eine einheimische Bev{\"o}lkerung durch die der Kolonialmacht zu ersetzen. Im Westjordanland manifestiert sich der israelische Siedlungskolonialismus in der Einschr{\"a}nkung der Bewegungsfreiheit von Pal{\"a}stinenserIn-nen, dem Bau von Siedlungen, der Zerst{\"o}rung von H{\"a}usern, Gewalt und Inhaftierungen. Die Verwendung der Grounded Theory und des induktiven Denkens als methodische Ans{\"a}tze erm{\"o}glichte es, verallgemeinerbare Aussagen zum Zustand pal{\"a}stinensischen claim-makings treffen zu k{\"o}nnen. Diese Verallgemeinerungen beruhen auf der Analyse von Sekund{\"a}rquellen und Daten, die im Rahmen von Interviews mit VertreterInnen nichtstaatlicher Organisationen in Israel/Pal{\"a}stina erhoben wurden. Die durchgef{\"u}hrte Analyse macht deutlich, dass nicht eine einzelne Maßnahme oder Bedingung pal{\"a}stinensisches claim-making behindert, sondern eine komplexe, vielschichtige und zielgerichtet implementierte Struktur. Diese verringert einerseits den Lebensraum von Pal{\"a}stinenserInnen durch Besatzung und Zerst{\"o}rung und schr{\"a}nkt andererseits den zivilen Raum ein, indem sie ihnen grundlegende Rechte und fundamentale Freiheiten verwehrt. Obwohl die konkreten Auswirkungen pal{\"a}stinensischer acts of subjecthood marginal sind, tragen sie dazu bei, den Widerstand gegen politische Unterdr{\"u}ckung zu st{\"a}rken und fortzusetzen. Angesichts der Verletzung von V{\"o}lkerrecht und der Missachtung zahlreicher UN-Resolutionen durch die israelische Regierung, der Niederlagen von Menschenrechtsorganisationen vor israelischen Gerichten, der Unterdr{\"u}ckung von Institutionen im Westjordanland durch die Pal{\"a}stinensische Autonomiebeh{\"o}rde und die Besatzungspolitik k{\"o}nnen acts of subjecthood die derzeitigen Machtstrukturen nicht aufbrechen. Dennoch sind die anhaltende Beharrlichkeit nichtstaatlicher Akteure, Forderungen zu artikulieren und Rechte einzufordern und die Gr{\"u}ndung neuer Initiativen und Organisationen essenziell f{\"u}r die St{\"a}rkung gesellschaftlicher Resilienz sowie die Dokumentation von Ungerechtigkeiten und Rechtsverletzungen. Diese Akteure legen so den Grundstein f{\"u}r einen m{\"o}glichen gesellschaftspolitischen Wandel in der Zukunft.}, language = {en} } @article{RadchukDeLaenderCabraletal.2019, author = {Radchuk, Viktoriia and De Laender, Frederik and Cabral, Juliano Sarmento and Boulangeat, Isabelle and Crawford, Michael Scott and Bohn, Friedrich and De Raedt, Jonathan and Scherer, Cedric and Svenning, Jens-Christian and Thonicke, Kirsten and Schurr, Frank M. and Grimm, Volker and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie}, title = {The dimensionality of stability depends on disturbance type}, series = {Ecology letters}, volume = {22}, journal = {Ecology letters}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1461-023X}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13226}, pages = {674 -- 684}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ecosystems respond in various ways to disturbances. Quantifying ecological stability therefore requires inspecting multiple stability properties, such as resistance, recovery, persistence and invariability. Correlations among these properties can reduce the dimensionality of stability, simplifying the study of environmental effects on ecosystems. A key question is how the kind of disturbance affects these correlations. We here investigated the effect of three disturbance types (random, species-specific, local) applied at four intensity levels, on the dimensionality of stability at the population and community level. We used previously parameterized models that represent five natural communities, varying in species richness and the number of trophic levels. We found that disturbance type but not intensity affected the dimensionality of stability and only at the population level. The dimensionality of stability also varied greatly among species and communities. Therefore, studying stability cannot be simplified to using a single metric and multi-dimensional assessments are still to be recommended.}, language = {en} } @article{EndepolsKlemannRichteretal.2017, author = {Endepols, Stefan and Klemann, Nicole and Richter, Dania and Matuschka, Franz-Rainer}, title = {The potential of coumatetralyl enhanced by cholecalciferol in the control of anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)}, series = {Pest management science}, volume = {73}, journal = {Pest management science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1526-498X}, doi = {10.1002/ps.4235}, pages = {280 -- 286}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: We evaluated the potential of cholecalciferol as an enhancer of the first-generation anticoagulant coumatetralyl in the Westphalia anticoagulant-resistant strain of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout), characterised by the Tyr139Cys polymorphism on the VKOR enzyme. Because today only the most potent, but also most persistent anticoagulant rodenticides of the second generation remain available to control this strain, new rodenticide solutions are required. RESULTS: Feeding trials in the laboratory confirmed a significant level of efficacy, which was corroborated by field trials in the Munsterland resistance area. After frequency and level of resistance were assessed by blood clotting response tests, field trials were conducted with bait containing coumatetralyl at 375 mg kg(-1) and cholecalciferol at 50 mg kg(-1) or 100 mg kg(-1). Control success was 94\% when a large rat infestation comprising 42\% resistant animals was treated. Another field trial applying the combination to a rat population that had survived a preceding treatment with bromadiolone resulted in a 99.5\% control success according to the first census day, but with some increase in rat activity during subsequent census days. CONCLUSION: The combination of coumatetralyl and cholecalciferol is a promising alternative approach to the most potent second-generation anticoagulants in resistance management, particularly in respect of environmental risks, such as secondary poisoning. (C) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry}, language = {en} }