@misc{BrustOrzechowskiFettke2020,
  author    = {Brust, Henrike and Orzechowski, Slawomir and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Starch and Glycogen Analyses},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1004},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47805},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-478054},
  pages     = {26},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {For complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, various analytical methods and techniques exist allowing the detailed characterization of these storage carbohydrates. In this article, we give a brief overview of the most frequently used methods, techniques, and results. Furthermore, we give insights in the isolation, purification, and fragmentation of both starch and glycogen. An overview of the different structural levels of the glucans is given and the corresponding analytical techniques are discussed. Moreover, future perspectives of the analytical needs and the challenges of the currently developing scientific questions are included},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LiApriyantoFloresCastellanosetal.2022,
  author    = {Li, Xiaoping and Apriyanto, Ardha and Flores Castellanos, Junio and Compart, Julia and Muntaha, Sidratul Nur and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Dpe2/phs1 revealed unique starch metabolism with three distinct phases characterized by different starch granule numbers per chloroplast, allowing insights into the control mechanism of granule number regulation by gene co-regulation and metabolic profiling},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1286},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57125},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571250},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {An Arabidopsis mutant lacking both the cytosolic Disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial glucan Phosphorylase 1 (PHS1) revealed a unique starch metabolism. Dpe2/phs1 has been reported to have only one starch granule number per chloroplast when grown under diurnal rhythm. For this study, we analyzed dpe2/phs1 in details following the mutant development, and found that it showed three distinct periods of granule numbers per chloroplast, while there was no obvious change observed in Col-0. In young plants, the starch granule number was similar to that in Col-0 at first, and then decreased significantly, down to one or no granule per chloroplast, followed by an increase in the granule number. Thus, in dpe2/phs1, control over the starch granule number is impaired, but it is not defective in starch granule initiation. The data also indicate that the granule number is not fixed, and is regulated throughout plant growth. Furthermore, the chloroplasts revealed alterations during these three periods, with a partially strong aberrant morphology in the middle phase. Interestingly, the unique metabolism was perpetuated when starch degradation was further impaired through an additional lack of Isoamylase 3 (ISA3) or Starch excess 4 (SEX4). Transcriptomic studies and metabolic profiling revealed the co-regulation of starch metabolism-related genes and a clear metabolic separation between the periods. Most senescence-induced genes were found to be up-regulated more than twice in the starch-less mature leaves. Thus, dpe2/phs1 is a unique plant material source, with which we may study starch granule number regulation to obtain a more detailed understanding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LiuLiFettke2021,
  author    = {Liu, Qingting and Li, Xiaoping and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Starch granules in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll and guard cells show similar morphology but differences in size and number},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1143},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51106},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-511067},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Transitory starch granules result from complex carbon turnover and display specific situations during starch synthesis and degradation. The fundamental mechanisms that specify starch granule characteristics, such as granule size, morphology, and the number per chloroplast, are largely unknown. However, transitory starch is found in the various cells of the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, but comparative analyses are lacking. Here, we adopted a fast method of laser confocal scanning microscopy to analyze the starch granules in a series of Arabidopsis mutants with altered starch metabolism. This allowed us to separately analyze the starch particles in the mesophyll and in guard cells. In all mutants, the guard cells were always found to contain more but smaller plastidial starch granules than mesophyll cells. The morphological properties of the starch granules, however, were indiscernible or identical in both types of leaf cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LiuZhouFettke2021,
  author    = {Liu, Qingting and Zhou, Yuan and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Starch granule size and morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana starch-related mutants analyzed during diurnal rhythm and development},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  edition   = {19},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55029},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-550291},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MalinovaQasimBrustetal.2018,
  author    = {Malinova, Irina and Qasim, Hadeel M. and Brust, Henrike and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Parameters of Starch Granule Genesis in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana},
  series = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419295},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in most photosynthetic organisms and allows the accumulation of carbon and energy in form of an insoluble and semi-crystalline particle. In the last decades large progress, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, was made in understanding the structure and metabolism of starch and its conjunction. The process underlying the initiation of starch granules remains obscure, although this is a fundamental process and seems to be strongly regulated, as in Arabidopsis leaves the starch granule number per chloroplast is fixed with 5-7. Several single, double, and triple mutants were reported in the last years that showed massively alterations in the starch granule number per chloroplast and allowed further insights in this important process. This mini review provides an overview of the current knowledge of processes involved in the initiation and formation of starch granules. We discuss the central role of starch synthase 4 and further proteins for starch genesis and affecting metabolic factors.},
  language  = {en}
}