@phdthesis{Panzer2024, author = {Panzer, Marcel}, title = {Design of a hyper-heuristics based control framework for modular production systems}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63300}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-633006}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 334}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Volatile supply and sales markets, coupled with increasing product individualization and complex production processes, present significant challenges for manufacturing companies. These must navigate and adapt to ever-shifting external and internal factors while ensuring robustness against process variabilities and unforeseen events. This has a pronounced impact on production control, which serves as the operational intersection between production planning and the shop- floor resources, and necessitates the capability to manage intricate process interdependencies effectively. Considering the increasing dynamics and product diversification, alongside the need to maintain constant production performances, the implementation of innovative control strategies becomes crucial. In recent years, the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies and machine learning methods has gained prominence in addressing emerging challenges in production applications. Within this context, this cumulative thesis analyzes deep learning based production systems based on five publications. Particular attention is paid to the applications of deep reinforcement learning, aiming to explore its potential in dynamic control contexts. Analysis reveal that deep reinforcement learning excels in various applications, especially in dynamic production control tasks. Its efficacy can be attributed to its interactive learning and real-time operational model. However, despite its evident utility, there are notable structural, organizational, and algorithmic gaps in the prevailing research. A predominant portion of deep reinforcement learning based approaches is limited to specific job shop scenarios and often overlooks the potential synergies in combined resources. Furthermore, it highlights the rare implementation of multi-agent systems and semi-heterarchical systems in practical settings. A notable gap remains in the integration of deep reinforcement learning into a hyper-heuristic. To bridge these research gaps, this thesis introduces a deep reinforcement learning based hyper- heuristic for the control of modular production systems, developed in accordance with the design science research methodology. Implemented within a semi-heterarchical multi-agent framework, this approach achieves a threefold reduction in control and optimisation complexity while ensuring high scalability, adaptability, and robustness of the system. In comparative benchmarks, this control methodology outperforms rule-based heuristics, reducing throughput times and tardiness, and effectively incorporates customer and order-centric metrics. The control artifact facilitates a rapid scenario generation, motivating for further research efforts and bridging the gap to real-world applications. The overarching goal is to foster a synergy between theoretical insights and practical solutions, thereby enriching scientific discourse and addressing current industrial challenges.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ronneberger2024, author = {Ronneberger, Sebastian}, title = {Nanolayer Fused Deposition Modelin (NanaFDM)}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {170}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schuchardt2023, author = {Schuchardt, Konstantin}, title = {Sigismund Stern und die Genossenschaft f{\"u}r Reform}, series = {Potsdamer j{\"u}dische Studien}, volume = {9}, journal = {Potsdamer j{\"u}dische Studien}, publisher = {be.bra wissenschafts Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-95410-290-7}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {307}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Dieses Buch geht der Frage nach, aus welchen Gr{\"u}nden im Berlin des Jahres 1845 mit der »Genossenschaft f{\"u}r Reform im Judenthum« die wom{\"o}glich bis heute radikalste Auspr{\"a}gung j{\"u}discher Reform entstand. Dazu werden die Hauptwerke Sigismund Sterns (1812-1867), des Gr{\"u}nders der Bewegung, erstmals systematisch dargestellt und zeitgeschichtlich eingeordnet. Die Studie macht deutlich, dass die Gr{\"u}ndung der Genossenschaft nur im Kontext der vielf{\"a}ltigen, gesamtgesellschaftlichen und innerj{\"u}dischen, religi{\"o}sen und politischen Umw{\"a}lzungen im Vorm{\"a}rz und deren theoretisch-diskursivem Unterbau verstanden werden kann. Das Aufkommen der Bewegung und das j{\"a}he Verklingen ihrer Vitalit{\"a}t nach 1848 erweisen sich dabei als Spiegel der komplexen Verflechtungszusammenh{\"a}nge deutsch-j{\"u}dischen philosophisch-theologischen Denkens im 19. Jahrhundert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jaentsch2024, author = {J{\"a}ntsch, Christian}, title = {Lehrerinnen und Lehrer auf dem Weg zur Inklusion}, publisher = {Julius Klinkhardt}, address = {Bad Heilbrunn}, isbn = {978-3-7815-6095-6}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {189}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kiss2024, author = {Kiss, Andrea}, title = {Moss-associated bacterial and archaeal communities of northern peatlands: key taxa, environmental drivers and potential functions}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63064}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630641}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XX, 139, liv}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Moss-microbe associations are often characterised by syntrophic interactions between the microorganisms and their hosts, but the structure of the microbial consortia and their role in peatland development remain unknown. In order to study microbial communities of dominant peatland mosses, Sphagnum and brown mosses, and the respective environmental drivers, four study sites representing different successional stages of natural northern peatlands were chosen on a large geographical scale: two brown moss-dominated, circumneutral peatlands from the Arctic and two Sphagnum-dominated, acidic peat bogs from subarctic and temperate zones. The family Acetobacteraceae represented the dominant bacterial taxon of Sphagnum mosses from various geographical origins and displayed an integral part of the moss core community. This core community was shared among all investigated bryophytes and consisted of few but highly abundant prokaryotes, of which many appear as endophytes of Sphagnum mosses. Moreover, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses represent habitats for archaea which were not studied in association with peatland mosses so far. Euryarchaeota that are capable of methane production (methanogens) displayed the majority of the moss-associated archaeal communities. Moss-associated methanogenesis was detected for the first time, but it was mostly negligible under laboratory conditions. Contrarily, substantial moss-associated methane oxidation was measured on both, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses, supporting that methanotrophic bacteria as part of the moss microbiome may contribute to the reduction of methane emissions from pristine and rewetted peatlands of the northern hemisphere. Among the investigated abiotic and biotic environmental parameters, the peatland type and the host moss taxon were identified to have a major impact on the structure of moss-associated bacterial communities, contrarily to archaeal communities whose structures were similar among the investigated bryophytes. For the first time it was shown that different bog development stages harbour distinct bacterial communities, while at the same time a small core community is shared among all investigated bryophytes independent of geography and peatland type. The present thesis displays the first large-scale, systematic assessment of bacterial and archaeal communities associated both with brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses. It suggests that some host-specific moss taxa have the potential to play a key role in host moss establishment and peatland development.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Baumgart2024, author = {Baumgart, Lene}, title = {Die Ambivalenz der Digitalisierung}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63040}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630401}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass die aktuelle Digitalisierungsforschung die Ambivalenz der Digitalisierung zwar erkennt, aber nicht zum Gegenstand ihrer Analysen macht, fokussiert die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation auf die ambivalente Dichotomie aus Potenzialen und Problemen, die mit digitalen Transformationen von Organisationen einhergeht. Entlang von sechs Publikationen wird mit einem systemtheoretischen Blick auf Organisationen die spannungsvolle Dichotomie hinsichtlich dreier ambivalenter Verh{\"a}ltnisse aufgezeigt: Erstens wird in Bezug auf das Verh{\"a}ltnis von Digitalisierung und Postb{\"u}rokratie deutlich, dass digitale Transformationen das Potenzial aufweisen, postb{\"u}rokratische Arbeitsweisen zu erleichtern. Parallel ergibt sich das Problem, dass auf Konsens basierende postb{\"u}rokratische Strukturen Digitalisierungsinitiativen erschweren, da diese auf eine Vielzahl von Entscheidungen angewiesen sind. Zweitens zeigt sich mit Blick auf das ambivalente Verh{\"a}ltnis von Digitalisierung und Vernetzung, dass einerseits organisationsweite Kooperation erm{\"o}glicht wird, w{\"a}hrend sich andererseits die Gefahr digitaler Widerspruchskommunikation auftut. Beim dritten Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Digitalisierung und Gender deutet sich das mit neuen digitalen Technologien einhergehende Potenzial f{\"u}r Gender Inklusion an, w{\"a}hrend zugleich das Problem einprogrammierter Gender Biases auftritt, die Diskriminierungen oftmals versch{\"a}rfen. Durch die Gegen{\"u}berstellung der Potenziale und Probleme wird nicht nur die Ambivalenz organisationaler Digitalisierung analysierbar und verst{\"a}ndlich, es stellt sich auch heraus, dass mit digitalen Transformationen einen doppelte Formalisierung einhergeht: Organisationen werden nicht nur mit den f{\"u}r Reformen {\"u}blichen Anpassungen der formalen Strukturen konfrontiert, sondern m{\"u}ssen zus{\"a}tzlich formale Entscheidungen zu Technikeinf{\"u}hrung und -beibehaltung treffen sowie formale L{\"o}sungen etablieren, um auf unvorhergesehene Potenziale und Probleme reagieren. Das Ziel der Dissertation ist es, eine analytisch generalisierte Heuristik an die Hand zu geben, mit deren Hilfe die Errungenschaften und Chancen digitaler Transformationen identifiziert werden k{\"o}nnen, w{\"a}hrend sich parallel ihr Verh{\"a}ltnis zu den gleichzeitig entstehenden Herausforderungen und Folgeproblemen erkl{\"a}ren l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hussein2024, author = {Hussein, Mahmoud}, title = {Solvent engineering for highly-efficiency lead-free perovskite solar cells}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63037}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630375}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Global warming, driven primarily by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, has led to severe and detrimental environmental impacts. Rising global temperatures have triggered a cascade of adverse effects, including melting glaciers and polar ice caps, more frequent and intense heat waves disrupted weather patterns, and the acidification of oceans. These changes adversely affect ecosystems, biodiversity, and human societies, threatening food security, water availability, and livelihoods. One promising solution to mitigate the harmful effects of global warming is the widespread adoption of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. Solar cells harness sunlight to generate electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or other pollutants. By replacing fossil fuel-based energy sources, solar cells can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, a significant contributor to global warming. This transition to clean, renewable energy can help curb the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thereby slowing down the rate of global temperature rise. Solar energy's positive impact extends beyond emission reduction. As solar panels become more efficient and affordable, they empower individuals, communities, and even entire nations to generate electricity and become less dependent on fossil fuels. This decentralized energy generation can enhance resilience in the face of climate-related challenges. Moreover, implementing solar cells creates green jobs and stimulates technological innovation, further promoting sustainable economic growth. As solar technology advances, its integration with energy storage systems and smart grids can ensure a stable and reliable energy supply, reducing the need for backup fossil fuel power plants that exacerbate environmental degradation. The market-dominant solar cell technology is silicon-based, highly matured technology with a highly systematic production procedure. However, it suffers from several drawbacks, such as: 1) Cost: still relatively high due to high energy consumption due to the need to melt and purify silicon, and the use of silver as an electrode, which hinders their widespread availability, especially in low-income countries. 2) Efficiency: theoretically, it should deliver around 29\%; however, the efficiency of most of the commercially available silicon-based solar cells ranges from 18 - 22\%. 3) Temperature sensitivity: The efficiency decreases with the increase in the temperature, affecting their output. 4) Resource constraints: silicon as a raw material is unavailable in all countries, creating supply chain challenges. Perovskite solar cells arose in 2011 and matured very rapidly in the last decade as a highly efficient and versatile solar cell technology. With an efficiency of 26\%, high absorption coefficients, solution processability, and tunable band gap, it attracted the attention of the solar cells community. It represented a hope for cheap, efficient, and easily processable next-generation solar cells. However, lead toxicity might be the block stone hindering perovskite solar cells' market reach. Lead is a heavy and bioavailable element that makes perovskite solar cells environmentally unfriendly technology. As a result, scientists try to replace lead with a more environmentally friendly element. Among several possible alternatives, tin was the most suitable element due to its electronic and atomic structure similarity to lead. Tin perovskites were developed to alleviate the challenge of lead toxicity. Theoretically, it shows very high absorption coefficients, an optimum band gap of 1.35 eV for FASnI3, and a very high short circuit current, which nominates it to deliver the highest possible efficiency of a single junction solar cell, which is around 30.1\% according to Schockly-Quisser limit. However, tin perovskites' efficiency still lags below 15\% and is irreproducible, especially from lab to lab. This humble performance could be attributed to three reasons: 1) Tin (II) oxidation to tin (IV), which would happen due to oxygen, water, or even by the effect of the solvent, as was discovered recently. 2) fast crystallization dynamics, which occurs due to the lateral exposure of the P-orbitals of the tin atom, which enhances its reactivity and increases the crystallization pace. 3) Energy band misalignment: The energy bands at the interfaces between the perovskite absorber material and the charge selective layers are not aligned, leading to high interfacial charge recombination, which devastates the photovoltaic performance. To solve these issues, we implemented several techniques and approaches that enhanced the efficiency of tin halide perovskites, providing new chemically safe solvents and antisolvents. In addition, we studied the energy band alignment between the charge transport layers and the tin perovskite absorber. Recent research has shown that the principal source of tin oxidation is the solvent known as dimethylsulfoxide, which also happens to be one of the most effective solvents for processing perovskite. The search for a stable solvent might prove to be the factor that makes all the difference in the stability of tin-based perovskites. We started with a database of over 2,000 solvents and narrowed it down to a series of 12 new solvents that are suitable for processing FASnI3 experimentally. This was accomplished by looking into 1) the solubility of the precursor chemicals FAI and SnI2, 2) the thermal stability of the precursor solution, and 3) the potential to form perovskite. Finally, we show that it is possible to manufacture solar cells using a novel solvent system that outperforms those produced using DMSO. The results of our research give some suggestions that may be used in the search for novel solvents or mixes of solvents that can be used to manufacture stable tin-based perovskites. Due to the quick crystallization of tin, it is more difficult to deposit tin-based perovskite films from a solution than manufacturing lead-based perovskite films since lead perovskite is more often utilized. The most efficient way to get high efficiencies is to deposit perovskite from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which slows down the quick construction of the tin-iodine network that is responsible for perovskite synthesis. This is the most successful approach for achieving high efficiencies. Dimethyl sulfoxide, which is used in the processing, is responsible for the oxidation of tin, which is a disadvantage of this method. This research presents a potentially fruitful alternative in which 4-(tert-butyl) pyridine can substitute dimethyl sulfoxide in the process of regulating crystallization without causing tin oxidation to take place. Perovskite films that have been formed from pyridine have been shown to have a much-reduced defect density. This has resulted in increased charge mobility and better photovoltaic performance, making pyridine a desirable alternative for use in the deposition of tin perovskite films. The precise control of perovskite precursor crystallization inside a thin film is of utmost importance for optimizing the efficiency and manufacturing of solar cells. The deposition process of tin-based perovskite films from a solution presents difficulties due to the quick crystallization of tin compared to the more often employed lead perovskite. The optimal approach for attaining elevated efficiencies entails using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a medium for depositing perovskite. This choice of solvent impedes the tin-iodine network's fast aggregation, which plays a crucial role in the production of perovskite. Nevertheless, this methodology is limited since the utilization of dimethyl sulfoxide leads to the oxidation of tin throughout the processing stage. In this thesis, we present a potentially advantageous alternative approach wherein 4-(tert-butyl) pyridine is proposed as a substitute for dimethyl sulfoxide in regulating crystallization processes while avoiding the undesired consequence of tin oxidation. Films of perovskite formed using pyridine as a solvent have a notably reduced density of defects, resulting in higher mobility of charges and improved performance in solar applications. Consequently, the utilization of pyridine for the deposition of tin perovskite films is considered advantageous. Tin perovskites are suffering from an apparent energy band misalignment. However, the band diagrams published in the current body of research display contradictions, resulting in a dearth of unanimity. Moreover, comprehensive information about the dynamics connected with charge extraction is lacking. This thesis aims to ascertain the energy band locations of tin perovskites by employing the kelvin probe and Photoelectron yield spectroscopy methods. This thesis aims to construct a precise band diagram for the often-utilized device stack. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis is performed to assess the energy deficits inherent in the current energetic structure of tin halide perovskites. In addition, we investigate the influence of BCP on the improvement of electron extraction in C60/BCP systems, with a specific emphasis on the energy factors involved. Furthermore, transient surface photovoltage was utilized to investigate the charge extraction kinetics of frequently studied charge transport layers, such as NiOx and PEDOT as hole transport layers and C60, ICBA, and PCBM as electron transport layers. The Hall effect, KP, and TRPL approaches accurately ascertain the p-doping concentration in FASnI3. The results consistently demonstrated a value of 1.5 * 1017 cm-3. Our research findings highlight the imperative nature of autonomously constructing the charge extraction layers for tin halide perovskites, apart from those used for lead perovskites. The crystallization of perovskite precursors relies mainly on the utilization of two solvents. The first one dissolves the perovskite powder to form the precursor solution, usually called the solvent. The second one precipitates the perovskite precursor, forming the wet film, which is a supersaturated solution of perovskite precursor and in the remains of the solvent and the antisolvent. Later, this wet film crystallizes upon annealing into a full perovskite crystallized film. In our research context, we proposed new solvents to dissolve FASnI3, but when we tried to form a film, most of them did not crystallize. This is attributed to the high coordination strength between the metal halide and the solvent molecules, which is unbreakable by the traditionally used antisolvents such as Toluene and Chlorobenzene. To solve this issue, we introduce a high-throughput antisolvent screening in which we screened around 73 selected antisolvents against 15 solvents that can form a 1M FASnI3 solution. We used for the first time in tin perovskites machine learning algorithm to understand and predict the effect of an antisolvent on the crystallization of a precursor solution in a particular solvent. We relied on film darkness as a primary criterion to judge the efficacy of a solvent-antisolvent pair. We found that the relative polarity between solvent and antisolvent is the primary factor that affects the solvent-antisolvent interaction. Based on our findings, we prepared several high-quality tin perovskite films free from DMSO and achieved an efficiency of 9\%, which is the highest DMSO tin perovskite device so far.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lilienkamp2024, author = {Lilienkamp, Henning}, title = {Enhanced computational approaches for data-driven characterization of earthquake ground motion and rapid earthquake impact assessment}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63195}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631954}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 145}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Rapidly growing seismic and macroseismic databases and simplified access to advanced machine learning methods have in recent years opened up vast opportunities to address challenges in engineering and strong motion seismology from novel, datacentric perspectives. In this thesis, I explore the opportunities of such perspectives for the tasks of ground motion modeling and rapid earthquake impact assessment, tasks with major implications for long-term earthquake disaster mitigation. In my first study, I utilize the rich strong motion database from the Kanto basin, Japan, and apply the U-Net artificial neural network architecture to develop a deep learning based ground motion model. The operational prototype provides statistical estimates of expected ground shaking, given descriptions of a specific earthquake source, wave propagation paths, and geophysical site conditions. The U-Net interprets ground motion data in its spatial context, potentially taking into account, for example, the geological properties in the vicinity of observation sites. Predictions of ground motion intensity are thereby calibrated to individual observation sites and earthquake locations. The second study addresses the explicit incorporation of rupture forward directivity into ground motion modeling. Incorporation of this phenomenon, causing strong, pulse like ground shaking in the vicinity of earthquake sources, is usually associated with an intolerable increase in computational demand during probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. I suggest an approach in which I utilize an artificial neural network to efficiently approximate the average, directivity-related adjustment to ground motion predictions for earthquake ruptures from the 2022 New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. The practical implementation in an actual PSHA calculation demonstrates the efficiency and operational readiness of my model. In a follow-up study, I present a proof of concept for an alternative strategy in which I target the generalizing applicability to ruptures other than those from the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. In the third study, I address the usability of pseudo-intensity reports obtained from macroseismic observations by non-expert citizens for rapid impact assessment. I demonstrate that the statistical properties of pseudo-intensity collections describing the intensity of shaking are correlated with the societal impact of earthquakes. In a second step, I develop a probabilistic model that, within minutes of an event, quantifies the probability of an earthquake to cause considerable societal impact. Under certain conditions, such a quick and preliminary method might be useful to support decision makers in their efforts to organize auxiliary measures for earthquake disaster response while results from more elaborate impact assessment frameworks are not yet available. The application of machine learning methods to datasets that only partially reveal characteristics of Big Data, qualify the majority of results obtained in this thesis as explorative insights rather than ready-to-use solutions to real world problems. The practical usefulness of this work will be better assessed in the future by applying the approaches developed to growing and increasingly complex data sets.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hammel2024, author = {Hammel, Alexander}, title = {Establishing the red microalga Porphyridium purpureum as a novel platform for the production of recombinant proteins}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63270}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-632709}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 159}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Microalgae have been recognized as a promising green production platform for recombinant proteins. The majority of studies on recombinant protein expression have been conducted in the green microalga C. reinhardtii. While promising improvement regarding nuclear transgene expression in this alga has been made, it is still inefficient due to epigenetic silencing, often resulting in low yields that are not competitive with other expressor organisms. Other microalgal species might be better suited for high-level protein expression, but are limited in their availability of molecular tools. The red microalga Porphyridium purpureum recently emerged as candidate for the production of recombinant proteins. It is promising in that transformation vectors are episomally maintained as autonomously replicating plasmids in the nucleus at a high copy number, thus leading to high expression values in this red alga. In this work, we expand the genetic tools for P. purpureum and investigate parameters that govern efficient transgene expression. We provide an improved transformation protocol to streamline the generation of transgenic lines in this organism. After being able to efficiently generate transgenic lines, we showed that codon usage is a main determinant of high-level transgene expression, not only at the protein level but also at the level of mRNA accumulation. The optimized expression constructs resulted in YFP accumulation up to an unprecedented 5\% of the total soluble protein. Furthermore, we designed new constructs conferring efficient transgene expression into the culture medium, simplifying purification and harvests of recombinant proteins. To further improve transgene expression, we tested endogenous promoters driving the most highly transcribed genes in P. purpureum and found minor increase of YFP accumulation. We employed the previous findings to express complex viral antigens from the hepatitis B virus and the hepatitis C virus in P. purpureum to demonstrate its feasibility as producer of biopharmaceuticals. The viral glycoproteins were successfully produced to high levels and could reach their native confirmation, indicating a functional glycosylation machinery and an appropriate folding environment in this red alga. We could successfully upscale the biomass production of transgenic lines and with that provide enough material for immunization trials in mice that were performed in collaboration. These trials showed no toxicity of neither the biomass nor the purified antigens, and, additionally, the algal-produced antigens were able to elicit a strong and specific immune response. The results presented in this work pave the way for P. purpureum as a new promising producer organism for biopharmaceuticals in the microalgal field.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kanehira2023, author = {Kanehira, Yuya}, title = {Versatile DNA origami based SERS substrates for spectroscopic applications}, pages = {115}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{RothRawald2023, author = {Roth-Rawald, Julia}, title = {Krankheits{\"a}ngste in verschiedenen Populationen und die Effektivit{\"a}t ambulanter Verhaltenstheraphie}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {109}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kaneza2024, author = {Kaneza, Elisabeth}, title = {Rassische Diskriminierung in Deutschland}, series = {Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, volume = {49}, journal = {Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-1461-3}, doi = {10.5771/9783748919988}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {417}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie historisch und rechtlich eine Ungleichheit zwischen Schwarzen und Weißen in Deutschland gewachsen ist und geht der Frage nach, welche Anforderungen das Verfassungsrecht, die Rechtspraxis und die Politik erf{\"u}llen m{\"u}ssen, um sie auszugleichen. Eingangs wird die Entwicklung des Verbots der rassischen Diskriminierung im internationalen und nationalen Recht dargelegt. Folglich zeichnet die Verfasserin die Diskriminierungsgeschichte von Schwarzen Menschen nach. Zur {\"U}berwindung der nach wie vor bestehenden strukturellen Diskriminierung schl{\"a}gt sie ein positives Recht vor, das sich auf Menschenrechtsstandards und L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tzen aus Rechtsvergleichen st{\"u}tzt und die Gleichberechtigung von Schwarzen Menschen bewirken soll.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zona2024, author = {Zona, Carlotta Isabella}, title = {Visuo-linguistic integration for thematic-role assignment across speakers}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631857}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {147}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This dissertation examines the integration of incongruent visual-scene and morphological-case information ("cues") in building thematic-role representations of spoken relative clauses in German. Addressing the mutual influence of visual and linguistic processing, the Coordinated Interplay Account (CIA) describes a mechanism in two steps supporting visuo-linguistic integration (Knoeferle \& Crocker, 2006, Cog Sci). However, the outcomes and dynamics of integrating incongruent thematic-role representations from distinct sources have been investigated scarcely. Further, there is evidence that both second-language (L2) and older speakers may rely on non-syntactic cues relatively more than first-language (L1)/young speakers. Yet, the role of visual information for thematic-role comprehension has not been measured in L2 speakers, and only limitedly across the adult lifespan. Thematically unambiguous canonically ordered (subject-extracted) and noncanonically ordered (object-extracted) spoken relative clauses in German (see 1a-b) were presented in isolation and alongside visual scenes conveying either the same (congruent) or the opposite (incongruent) thematic relations as the sentence did. 1 a Das ist der Koch, der die Braut verfolgt. This is the.NOM cook who.NOM the.ACC bride follows This is the cook who is following the bride. b Das ist der Koch, den die Braut verfolgt. This is the.NOM cook whom.ACC the.NOM bride follows This is the cook whom the bride is following. The relative contribution of each cue to thematic-role representations was assessed with agent identification. Accuracy and latency data were collected post-sentence from a sample of L1 and L2 speakers (Zona \& Felser, 2023), and from a sample of L1 speakers from across the adult lifespan (Zona \& Reifegerste, under review). In addition, the moment-by-moment dynamics of thematic-role assignment were investigated with mouse tracking in a young L1 sample (Zona, under review). The following questions were addressed: (1) How do visual scenes influence thematic-role representations of canonical and noncanonical sentences? (2) How does reliance on visual-scene, case, and word-order cues vary in L1 and L2 speakers? (3) How does reliance on visual-scene, case, and word-order cues change across the lifespan? The results showed reliable effects of incongruence of visually and linguistically conveyed thematic relations on thematic-role representations. Incongruent (vs. congruent) scenes yielded slower and less accurate responses to agent-identification probes presented post-sentence. The recently inspected agent was considered as the most likely agent ~300ms after trial onset, and the convergence of visual scenes and word order enabled comprehenders to assign thematic roles predictively. L2 (vs. L1) participants relied more on word order overall. In response to noncanonical clauses presented with incongruent visual scenes, sensitivity to case predicted the size of incongruence effects better than L1-L2 grouping. These results suggest that the individual's ability to exploit specific cues might predict their weighting. Sensitivity to case was stable throughout the lifespan, while visual effects increased with increasing age and were modulated by individual interference-inhibition levels. Thus, age-related changes in comprehension may stem from stronger reliance on visually (vs. linguistically) conveyed meaning. These patterns represent evidence for a recent-role preference - i.e., a tendency to re-assign visually conveyed thematic roles to the same referents in temporally coordinated utterances. The findings (i) extend the generalizability of CIA predictions across stimuli, tasks, populations, and measures of interest, (ii) contribute to specifying the outcomes and mechanisms of detecting and indexing incongruent representations within the CIA, and (iii) speak to current efforts to understand the sources of variability in sentence comprehension.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Grohmann2024, author = {Grohmann, Nils-Hendrik}, title = {Strengthening the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies}, series = {Jus Internationale et Europaeum}, journal = {Jus Internationale et Europaeum}, number = {202}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-162825-2}, issn = {1861-1893}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-162826-9}, pages = {XV, 315}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Nils-Hendrik Grohmann besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem noch andauernden St{\"a}rkungsprozess der UN-Menschenrechtsvertragsorgane. Er analysiert, welche rechtlichen Befugnisse die Aussch{\"u}sse haben, ob sie von sich aus Vorschl{\"a}ge einbringen k{\"o}nnen und inwieweit sie ihre Verfahrensweisen bisher aufeinander abgestimmt haben. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den verschiedenen Aussch{\"u}ssen und der Frage, welche Rolle das Treffen der Vorsitzenden bei der St{\"a}rkung spielen kann.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Limberger2024, author = {Limberger, Daniel}, title = {Concepts and techniques for 3D-embedded treemaps and their application to software visualization}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-632014}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 118}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis addresses concepts and techniques for interactive visualization of hierarchical data using treemaps. It explores (1) how treemaps can be embedded in 3D space to improve their information content and expressiveness, (2) how the readability of treemaps can be improved using level-of-detail and degree-of-interest techniques, and (3) how to design and implement a software framework for the real-time web-based rendering of treemaps embedded in 3D. With a particular emphasis on their application, use cases from software analytics are taken to test and evaluate the presented concepts and techniques. Concerning the first challenge, this thesis shows that a 3D attribute space offers enhanced possibilities for the visual mapping of data compared to classical 2D treemaps. In particular, embedding in 3D allows for improved implementation of visual variables (e.g., by sketchiness and color weaving), provision of new visual variables (e.g., by physically based materials and in situ templates), and integration of visual metaphors (e.g., by reference surfaces and renderings of natural phenomena) into the three-dimensional representation of treemaps. For the second challenge—the readability of an information visualization—the work shows that the generally higher visual clutter and increased cognitive load typically associated with three-dimensional information representations can be kept low in treemap-based representations of both small and large hierarchical datasets. By introducing an adaptive level-of-detail technique, we cannot only declutter the visualization results, thereby reducing cognitive load and mitigating occlusion problems, but also summarize and highlight relevant data. Furthermore, this approach facilitates automatic labeling, supports the emphasis on data outliers, and allows visual variables to be adjusted via degree-of-interest measures. The third challenge is addressed by developing a real-time rendering framework with WebGL and accumulative multi-frame rendering. The framework removes hardware constraints and graphics API requirements, reduces interaction response times, and simplifies high-quality rendering. At the same time, the implementation effort for a web-based deployment of treemaps is kept reasonable. The presented visualization concepts and techniques are applied and evaluated for use cases in software analysis. In this domain, data about software systems, especially about the state and evolution of the source code, does not have a descriptive appearance or natural geometric mapping, making information visualization a key technology here. In particular, software source code can be visualized with treemap-based approaches because of its inherently hierarchical structure. With treemaps embedded in 3D, we can create interactive software maps that visually map, software metrics, software developer activities, or information about the evolution of software systems alongside their hierarchical module structure. Discussions on remaining challenges and opportunities for future research for 3D-embedded treemaps and their applications conclude the thesis.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fitzner2024, author = {Fitzner, Maria}, title = {Cultivation of selected halophytes in saline indoor farming and modulation of cultivation conditions to optimize metabolite profiles for human nutrition}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62697}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626974}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {178}, year = {2024}, abstract = {With the many challenges facing the agricultural system, such as water scarcity, loss of arable land due to climate change, population growth, urbanization or trade disruptions, new agri-food systems are needed to ensure food security in the future. In addition, healthy diets are needed to combat non-communicable diseases. Therefore, plant-based diets rich in health-promoting plant secondary metabolites are desirable. A saline indoor farming system is representing a sustainable and resilient new agrifood system and can preserve valuable fresh water. Since indoor farming relies on artificial lighting, assessment of lighting conditions is essential. In this thesis, the cultivation of halophytes in a saline indoor farming system was evaluated and the influence of cultivation conditions were assessed in favor of improving the nutritional quality of halophytes for human consumption. Therefore, five selected edible halophyte species (Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia, Cochlearia officinalis, Atriplex hortensis, Chenopodium quinoa, and Salicornia europaea) were cultivated in saline indoor farming. The halophyte species were selected for to their salt tolerance levels and mechanisms. First, the suitability of halophytes for saline indoor farming and the influence of salinity on their nutritional properties, e.g. plant secondary metabolites and minerals, were investigated. Changes in plant performance and nutritional properties were observed as a function of salinity. The response to salinity was found to be species-specific and related to the salt tolerance mechanism of the halophytes. At their optimal salinity levels, the halophytes showed improved carotenoid content. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the nitrate and chloride content of halophytes as a function of salinity. Since chloride and nitrate can be antinutrient compounds, depending on their content, monitoring is essential, especially in halophytes. Second, regional brine water was introduced as an alternative saline water resource in the saline indoor farming system. Brine water was shown to be feasible for saline indoor farming of halophytes, as there was no adverse effect on growth or nutritional properties, e.g. carotenoids. Carotenoids were shown to be less affected by salt composition than by salt concentration. In addition, the interaction between the salinity and the light regime in indoor farming and greenhouse cultivation has been studied. There it was shown that interacting light regime and salinity alters the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Further, glucosinolate and nitrate content were also shown to be influenced by light regime. Finally, the influence of UVB light on halophytes was investigated using supplemental narrow-band UVB LEDs. It was shown that UVB light affects the growth, phenotype and metabolite profile of halophytes and that the UVB response is species specific. Furthermore, a modulation of carotenoid content in S. europaea could be achieved to enhance health-promoting properties and thus improve nutritional quality. This was shown to be dose-dependent and the underlying mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation were also investigated. Here it was revealed that carotenoid accumulation is related to oxidative stress. In conclusion, this work demonstrated the potential of halophytes as alternative vegetables produced in a saline indoor farming system for future diets that could contribute to ensuring food security in the future. To improve the sustainability of the saline indoor farming system, LED lamps and regional brine water could be integrated into the system. Since the nutritional properties have been shown to be influenced by salt, light regime and UVB light, these abiotic stressors must be taken into account when considering halophytes as alternative vegetables for human nutrition.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tomović2024, author = {Tomović, Jelena}, title = {Sexualit{\"a}t in der Geschichte}, series = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam}, volume = {12}, journal = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam}, publisher = {V\&R unipress - Brill Deutschland GmbH}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8471-1686-8}, issn = {2198-5251}, doi = {10.14220/9783737016865}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {336}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Jelena Tomović f{\"u}hrt in diesem Band durch die Entwicklungen unserer sexuellen Sprache und Praktiken. Sie zeigt, dass die Art und Weise, wie {\"u}ber Sexualit{\"a}t gesprochen wird, nicht nur ein Spiegelbild, sondern auch ein treibender Faktor f{\"u}r soziale Ver{\"a}nderungen ist. Die Studie stellt die konventionelle Vorstellung von Sexualit{\"a}t in Frage und f{\"u}hrt die Lesenden in eine Welt der subtilen Nuancen und kulturellen Ver{\"a}nderungen. Mit kommunikationstheoretischen Ans{\"a}tzen, dem praxeologischen Ansatz, ihrer sozialkonstruktivistischen Grundannahme und einem klaren Fokus auf Akteur*innen bietet die Autorin eine frische Perspektive auf die Geschichte der Sexualit{\"a}t. Das Buch er{\"o}ffnet neue Wege f{\"u}r die Erforschung und das Verst{\"a}ndnis von Intimit{\"a}t und sozialer Kommunikation.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Henning2024, author = {Henning, Thorsten}, title = {Cross-sectional associations of dietary biomarker patterns with health and nutritional status}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {111}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Martin2024, author = {Martin, Katja}, title = {Beerdigen oder verbrennen?}, publisher = {arijeh-verlag}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-944693-04-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {398}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Cheng2024, author = {Cheng, Feng}, title = {Evolution and ontogeny of electric organ discharge in African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus: a genomic and transcriptomic perspective}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63017}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630172}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {176}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The African weakly electric fishes (Mormyridae) exhibit a remarkable adaptive radiation possibly due to their species-specific electric organ discharges (EODs). It is produced by a muscle-derived electric organ that is located in the caudal peduncle. Divergence in EODs acts as a pre-zygotic isolation mechanism to drive species radiations. However, the mechanism behind the EOD diversification are only partially understood. The aim of this study is to explore the genetic basis of EOD diversification from the gene expression level across Campylomormyrus species/hybrids and ontogeny. I firstly produced a high quality genome of the species C. compressirostris as a valuable resource to understand the electric fish evolution. The next study compared the gene expression pattern between electric organs and skeletal muscles in Campylomormyrus species/hybrids with different types of EOD duration. I identified several candidate genes with an electric organ-specific expression, e.g. KCNA7a, KLF5, KCNJ2, SCN4aa, NDRG3, MEF2. The overall genes expression pattern exhibited a significant association with EOD duration in all analyzed species/hybrids. The expression of several candidate genes, e.g. KCNJ2, KLF5, KCNK6 and KCNQ5, possibly contribute to the regulation of EOD duration in Campylomormyrus due to their increasing or decreasing expression. Several potassium channel genes showed differential expression during ontogeny in species and hybrid with EOD alteration, e.g. KCNJ2. I next explored allele specific expression of intragenus hybrids by crossing the duration EOD species C. compressirostris with the medium duration EOD species C. tshokwe and the elongated duration EOD species C. rhynchophorus. The hybrids exhibited global expression dominance of the C. compressirostris allele in the adult skeletal muscle and electric organ, as well as in the juvenile electric organ. Only the gene KCNJ2 showed dominant expression of the allele from C. rhynchophorus, and this was increasingly dominant during ontogeny. It hence supported our hypothesis that KCNJ2 is a key gene of regulating EOD duration. Our results help us to understand, from a genetic perspective, how gene expression effect the EOD diversification in the African weakly electric fish.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Harbart2024, author = {Harbart, Vanessa}, title = {The effect of protected cultivation on the nutritional quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var capitata L.) with a focus on antifogging additives in polyolefin covers}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62937}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629375}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 115}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Protected cultivation in greenhouses or polytunnels offers the potential for sustainable production of high-yield, high-quality vegetables. This is related to the ability to produce more on less land and to use resources responsibly and efficiently. Crop yield has long been considered the most important factor. However, as plant-based diets have been proposed for a sustainable food system, the targeted enrichment of health-promoting plant secondary metabolites should be addressed. These metabolites include carotenoids and flavonoids, which are associated with several health benefits, such as cardiovascular health and cancer protection. Cover materials generally have an influence on the climatic conditions, which in turn can affect the levels of secondary metabolites in vegetables grown underneath. Plastic materials are cost-effective and their properties can be modified by incorporating additives, making them the first choice. However, these additives can migrate and leach from the material, resulting in reduced service life, increased waste and possible environmental release. Antifogging additives are used in agricultural films to prevent the formation of droplets on the film surface, thereby increasing light transmission and preventing microbiological contamination. This thesis focuses on LDPE/EVA covers and incorporated antifogging additives for sustainable protected cultivation, following two different approaches. The first addressed the direct effects of leached antifogging additives using simulation studies on lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa var capitata L). The second determined the effect of antifog polytunnel covers on lettuce quality. Lettuce is usually grown under protective cover and can provide high nutritional value due to its carotenoid and flavonoid content, depending on the cultivar. To study the influence of simulated leached antifogging additives on lettuce leaves, a GC-MS method was first developed to analyze these additives based on their fatty acid moieties. Three structurally different antifogging additives (reference material) were characterized outside of a polymer matrix for the first time. All of them contained more than the main fatty acid specified by the manufacturer. Furthermore, they were found to adhere to the leaf surface and could not be removed by water or partially by hexane. The incorporation of these additives into polytunnel covers affects carotenoid levels in lettuce, but not flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives and chlorophylls. Specifically, carotenoids were higher in lettuce grown under polytunnels without antifog than with antifog. This has been linked to their effect on the light regime and was suggested to be related to carotenoid function in photosynthesis. In terms of protected cultivation, the use of LDPE/EVA polytunnels affected light and temperature, and both are closely related. The carotenoid and flavonoid contents of lettuce grown under polytunnels was reversed, with higher carotenoid and lower flavonoid levels. At the individual level, the flavonoids detected in lettuce did not differ however, lettuce carotenoids adapted specifically depending on the time of cultivation. Flavonoid reduction was shown to be transcriptionally regulated (CHS) in response to UV light (UVR8). In contrast, carotenoids are thought to be regulated post-transcriptionally, as indicated by the lack of correlation between carotenoid levels and transcripts of the first enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis (PSY) and a carotenoid degrading enzyme (CCD4), as well as the increased carotenoid metabolic flux. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms and metabolite adaptation strategies could further advance the strategic development and selection of cover materials.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Alawashra2024, author = {Alawashra, Mahmoud}, title = {Plasma instabilities of TeV pair beams induced by blazars}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63013}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630131}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 130}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Relativistic pair beams produced in the cosmic voids by TeV gamma rays from blazars are expected to produce a detectable GeV-scale cascade emission missing in the observations. The suppression of this secondary cascade implies either the deflection of the pair beam by intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) or an energy loss of the beam due to the electrostatic beam-plasma instability. IGMF of femto-Gauss strength is sufficient to significantly deflect the pair beams reducing the flux of secondary cascade below the observational limits. A similar flux reduction may result in the absence of the IGMF from the beam energy loss by the instability before the inverse Compton cooling. This dissertation consists of two studies about the instability role in the evolution of blazar-induced beams. Firstly, we investigated the effect of sub-fG level IGMF on the beam energy loss by the instability. Considering IGMF with correlation lengths smaller than a few kpc, we found that such fields increase the transverse momentum of the pair beam particles, dramatically reducing the linear growth rate of the electrostatic instability and hence the energy-loss rate of the pair beam. Our results show that the IGMF eliminates beam plasma instability as an effective energy-loss agent at a field strength three orders of magnitude below that needed to suppress the secondary cascade emission by magnetic deflection. For intermediate-strength IGMF, we do not know a viable process to explain the observed absence of GeV-scale cascade emission and hence can be excluded. Secondly, we probed how the beam-plasma instability feeds back on the beam, using a realistic two-dimensional beam distribution. We found that the instability broadens the beam opening angles significantly without any significant energy loss, thus confirming a recent feedback study on a simplified one-dimensional beam distribution. However, narrowing diffusion feedback of the beam particles with Lorentz factors less than 1e6 might become relevant even though initially it is negligible. Finally, when considering the continuous creation of TeV pairs, we found that the beam distribution and the wave spectrum reach a new quasi-steady state, in which the scattering of beam particles persists and the beam opening angle may increase by a factor of hundreds. This new intrinsic scattering of the cascade can result in time delays of around ten years, thus potentially mimicking the IGMF deflection. Understanding the implications on the GeV cascade emission requires accounting for inverse Compton cooling and simulating the beam-plasma system at different points in the IGM.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rubertus2024, author = {Rubertus, Elina}, title = {Coarticulatory changes across childhood}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63012}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630123}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 131}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The present dissertation investigates changes in lingual coarticulation across childhood in German-speaking children from three to nine years of age and adults. Coarticulation refers to the mismatch between the abstract phonological units and their seemingly commingled realization in continuous speech. Being a process at the intersection of phonology and phonetics, addressing its changes across childhood allows for insights in speech motor as well as phonological developments. Because specific predictions for changes in coarticulation across childhood can be derived from existing speech production models, investigating children's coarticulatory patterns can help us model human speech production. While coarticulatory changes may shed light on some of the central questions of speech production development, previous studies on the topic were sparse and presented a puzzling picture of conflicting findings. One of the reasons for this lack is the difficulty in articulatory data acquisition in a young population. Within the research program this dissertation is embedded in, we accepted this challenge and successfully set up the hitherto largest corpus of articulatory data from children using ultrasound tongue imaging. In contrast to earlier studies, a high number of participants in tight age cohorts across a wide age range and a thoroughly controlled set of pseudowords allowed for statistically powerful investigations of a process known as variable and complicated to track. The specific focus of my studies is on lingual vocalic coarticulation as measured in the horizontal position of the highest point of the tongue dorsum. Based on three studies on a) anticipatory coarticulation towards the left, b) carryover coarticulation towards the right side of the utterance, and c) anticipatory coarticulatory extent in repeated versus read aloud speech, I deduct the following main theses: 1. Maturing speech motor control is responsible for some developmental changes in coarticulation. 2. Coarticulation can be modeled as the coproduction of articulatory gestures. 3. The developmental change in coarticulation results from a decrease of vocalic activation width.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Shipova2024, author = {Shipova, Evgeniya}, title = {Formal analysis of {\`e}to-clefts in Russian: syntax and semantics}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63014}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630149}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {219}, year = {2024}, abstract = {{\`E}to-clefts are Russian focus constructions with the demonstrative pronoun {\`e}to 'this' at the beginning: "{\`E}to Mark vyigral gonku" ("It was Mark who won the race"). They are often being compared with English it-clefts, German es-clefts, as well as the corresponding focus-background structures in other languages. In terms of semantics, {\`e}to-clefts have two important properties which are cross-linguistically typical for clefts: existence presupposition ("Someone won the race") and exhaustivity ("Nobody except Mark won the race"). However, the exhaustivity effects are not as strong as exhaustivity effects in structures with the exclusive only and require more research. At the same time, the question if the syntactic structure of {\`e}to-clefts matches the biclausal structure of English and German clefts, remains open. There are arguments in favor of biclausality, as well as monoclausality. Besides, there is no consistency regarding the status of {\`e}to itself. Finally, the information structure of {\`e}to-clefts has remained underexplored in the existing literature. This research investigates the information-structural, syntactic, and semantic properties of Russian clefts, both theoretically (supported by examples from Russian text corpora and judgments from native speakers) and experimentally. It is determined which desired changes in the information structure motivate native speakers to choose an {\`e}to-cleft and not the canonical structure or other focus realization tools. Novel syntactic tests are conducted to find evidence for bi-/monoclausality of {\`e}to-clefts, as well as for base-generation or movement of the cleft pivot. It is hypothesized that {\`e}to has a certain important function in clefts, and its status is investigated. Finally, new experiments on the nature of exhaustivity in {\`e}to-clefts are conducted. They allow for direct cross-linguistic comparison, using an incremental-information paradigm with truth-value judgments. In terms of information structure, this research makes a new proposal that presents {\`e}to-clefts as structures with an inherent focus-background bipartitioning. Even though {\`e}to-clefts are used in typical focus contexts, evidence was found that {\`e}to-clefts (as well as Russian thetic clefts) allow for both new information focus and contrastive focus. {\`E}to-clefts are pragmatically acceptable when a singleton answer to the implied question is expected (e.g. "It was Mark who won the race" but not "It was Mark who came to the party"). Importantly, {\`e}to in Russian clefts is neither dummy, nor redundant, but is a topic expression; conveys familiarity which triggers existence presupposition; refers to an instantiated event, or a known/perceivable situation; finally, {\`e}to plays an important role in the spoken language as a tool for speech coherency and a focus marker. In terms of syntax, this research makes a new monoclausal proposal and shows evidence that the cleft pivot undergoes movement to the left peripheral position. {\`E}to is proposed to be TopP. Finally, in terms of semantics, a novel cross-linguistic evaluation of Russian clefts is made. Experiments show that the exhaustivity inference in {\`e}to-clefts is not robust. Participants used different strategies in resolving exhaustivity, falling into 2 groups: one group considered {\`e}to-clefts exhaustive, while another group considered them non-exhaustive. Hence, there is evidence for the pragmatic nature of exhaustivity in {\`e}to-clefts. The experimental results for {\`e}to-clefts are similar to the experimental results for clefts in German, French and Akan. It is concluded that speakers use different tools available in their languages to produce structures with similar interpretive properties.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kersting2024, author = {Kersting, Katerina}, title = {Development of a CRISPR/Cas gene editing technique for the coccolithophore Chrysotila carterae}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Stechemesser2023, author = {Stechemesser, Annika}, title = {Human behaviour in a warming world}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {339}, year = {2023}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{JimenezAlvaro2023, author = {Jim{\´e}nez {\´A}lvaro, Eliana}, title = {An{\´a}lisis neotect{\´o}nico y lito-tefroestratigr{\´a}fico de los grandes movimientos en masa asociados al fallamiento activo de la cuenca intermontana Quito-Guayllabamba, Ecuador}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622209}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Within the Quito-Guayllabamba intermontane basin of Ecuador, five unusually large colluvial deposits of ancient landslides have been identified and analyzed in this study. The voluminous rotational MM-5 Guayllabamba landslide is the largest one, with a volume of 1183 million m3. The mega debris-avalanches MM-1 Conocoto, MM-3 Oyacoto, and MM-4 San Francisco were originally triggered by an initial rupture that was associated with a rotational landslide, the corresponding deposits have volumes between 399 to 317 million m3. Finally, the deposit with the smallest volume, the MM-2 Bat{\´a}n rotational landslide and debris fall, has a volume of 8,7 million m3. In this thesis, a detailed study of these large mass movements was carried out using neotectonic and litho-tephrostratigraphic methods to understand the geological and geomorphological boundary conditions that might have been relevant for triggering such mass movements. The neotectonic part of the study was based on the qualitative and quantitative geomorphic analysis of these large mass-movement deposits through the structural characterization of anticlines located east of the Quito sub-basin and their collapsed flanks that constitute the break-off areas. This part of the analysis was furthermore supported by the application of different morphometric indices to reveal tectonically forced landscape evolution processes that may have aided mass-movement generation. The litho-tephrostratigraphic part of the study was based on the analysis of petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological characteristics of soil horizons and intercalated volcanic ashes with the aim to constrain the timing of individual mass-movement events and their potential correlation. The results were integrated into chronostratigraphic schemes using break-off surfaces, cross-cutting and superposition relationships of landslide deposits and subsequently deposited strata to understand the mass movements in the tectonic and temporal context of the intermontane basin setting, as well as to identify the triggering mechanisms for each event. The MM-5 Guayllabamba mass movement is the result of the collapse of the southwestern slope of the Mojanda volcano and was triggered by the interaction of geologic and morphologic conditions approximately 0,81 Ma. The first debris-avalanche episode of the MM-3 Oyacoto and MM-4 San Francisco mass movements could be related to both geological and morphological conditions, given the highly fractured rocks and uplift of the Bellavista-Catequilla anticline that was subsequently incised at the foot of the slope by fluvial erosion. This first episode of collapse most likely occurred around 0,8 Ma. The MM-2 Bat{\´a}n mass movement was possibly also facilitated by a combination of geological and morphological conditions, most likely associated with a reduction in the lithostatic stresses affecting the Chiche and Mach{\´a}ngara formations and an increase of shear stresses during lateral fluvial scouring processes at the flanks of the source areas. This points to a linked process between river erosion and uplift processes associated with the evolution of the El Bat{\´a}n-La Bota anticline that could have occurred between 0,5 and 0,25 Ma. The voluminous MM-1 Conocoto debris avalanche, as well as the second debris avalanche episode that generated the MM-3 Oyacoto and MM-4 San Francisco mass movements, were caused by the gravitational collapse of the Mojanda and Cangahua formations that are characterized by the intercalation of volcanic ashes. The failure of the eastern flank of the anticlines probably was associated with increased available humidity related to regional Holocene climatic variations. The results of paleosol chronology combined with regional chronostratigraphic and paleoclimate data suggests that these debris avalanches were triggered between 5 and 4 ka. Active tectonics has shaped the morphological features of the Quito-Guayllabamba intermontane basin. The triggering of mass movements in this environment is associated with failure of Pleistocene lithologies (lake sediments, alluvial and volcanic deposits) subjected to ongoing deformation processes, seismic activity, and superposed episodes of climate variability. The Metropolitan District of Quito is an integral part of this complex environment and the geological, climatic, and topographic conditions that continue to influence the urban geographic space within this intermontane basin. The city of Quito comprises the area with the largest urban consolidation including the sub-basins of Quito and San Antonio, with a population of 2,872 million inhabitants, reflecting the importance of studying the inherent geological and climatic hazards that this region is confronted with.}, language = {es} } @phdthesis{Stallasch2024, author = {Stallasch, Sophie E.}, title = {Optimizing power analysis for randomized experiments: Design parameters for student achievement}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62939}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629396}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 224}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Randomized trials (RTs) are promising methodological tools to inform evidence-based reform to enhance schooling. Establishing a robust knowledge base on how to promote student achievement requires sensitive RT designs demonstrating sufficient statistical power and precision to draw conclusive and correct inferences on the effectiveness of educational programs and innovations. Proper power analysis is therefore an integral component of any informative RT on student achievement. This venture critically hinges on the availability of reasonable input variance design parameters (and their inherent uncertainties) that optimally reflect the realities around the prospective RT—precisely, its target population and outcome, possibly applied covariates, the concrete design as well as the planned analysis. However, existing compilations in this vein show far-reaching shortcomings. The overarching endeavor of the present doctoral thesis was to substantively expand available resources devoted to tweak the planning of RTs evaluating educational interventions. At the core of this thesis is a systematic analysis of design parameters for student achievement, generating reliable and versatile compendia and developing thorough guidance to support apt power analysis to design strong RTs. To this end, the thesis at hand bundles two complementary studies which capitalize on rich data of several national probability samples from major German longitudinal large-scale assessments. Study I applied two- and three-level latent (covariate) modeling to analyze design parameters for a wide spectrum of mathematical-scientific, verbal, and domain-general achievement outcomes. Three vital covariate sets were covered comprising (a) pretests, (b) sociodemographic characteristics, and (c) their combination. The accumulated estimates were additionally summarized in terms of normative distributions. Study II specified (manifest) single-, two-, and three-level models and referred to influential psychometric heuristics to analyze design parameters and develop concise selection guidelines for covariate (a) types of varying bandwidth-fidelity (domain-identical, cross-domain, fluid intelligence pretests; sociodemographic characteristics), (b) combinations quantifying incremental validities, and (c) time lags of 1- to 7-year-lagged pretests scrutinizing validity degradation. The estimates for various mathematical-scientific and verbal achievement outcomes were meta-analytically integrated and employed in precision simulations. In doing so, Studies I and II addressed essential gaps identified in previous repertoires in six major dimensions: Taken together, this thesis accumulated novel design parameters and deliberate guidance for RT power analysis (1) tailored to four German student (sub)populations across the entire school career from Grade 1 to 12, (2) matched to 21 achievement (sub)domains, (3) adjusted for 11 covariate sets enriched by empirically supported guidelines, (4) adapted to six RT designs, (5) suitable for latent and manifest analysis models, (6) which were cataloged along with quantifications of their associated uncertainties. These resources are complemented by a plethora of illustrative application examples to gently direct psychological and educational researchers through pivotal steps in the process of RT design. The striking heterogeneity of the design parameter estimates across all these dimensions constitutes the overall, joint key result of Studies I and II. Hence, this work convincingly reinforces calls for a close match between design parameters and the specific peculiarities of the target RT's research context. All in all, the present doctoral thesis offers a—so far unique—nuanced and extensive toolkit to optimize power analysis for sound RTs on student achievement in the German (and similar) school context. It is of utmost importance that research does not tire to spawn robust evidence on what actually works to improve schooling. With this in mind, I hope that the emerging compendia and guidance contribute to the quality and rigor of our randomized experiments in psychology and education.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Boila2024, author = {Boila, Chiara}, title = {The processing of OVS and passive sentences in German monolingual and German-Italian simultaneous bilingual children}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62972}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-629723}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xv, 223}, year = {2024}, abstract = {It is a common finding that preschoolers have difficulties in identifying who is doing what to whom in non-canonical sentences, such as (object-verb-subject) OVS and passive sentences in German. This dissertation investigates how German monolingual and German-Italian simultaneous bilingual children process German OVS sentences in Study 1 and German passives in Study 2. Offline data (i.e., accuracy data) and online data (i.e., eye-gaze and pupillometry data) were analyzed to explore whether children can assign thematic roles during sentence comprehension and processing. Executive functions, language-internal and -external factors were investigated as potential predictors for children's sentence comprehension and processing. Throughout the literature, there are contradicting findings on the relation between language and executive functions. While some results show a bilingual cognitive advantage over monolingual speakers, others suggest there is no relationship between bilingualism and executive functions. If bilingual children possess more advanced executive function abilities than monolingual children, then this might also be reflected in a better performance on linguistic tasks. In the current studies monolingual and bilingual children were tested by means of two executive function tasks: the Flanker task and the task-switching paradigm. However, these findings showed no bilingual cognitive advantages and no better performance by bilingual children in the linguistic tasks. The performance was rather comparable between bilingual and monolingual children, or even better for the monolingual group. This may be due to cross-linguistic influences and language experience (i.e., language input and output). Italian was used because it does not syntactically overlap with the structure of German OVS sentences, and it only overlapped with one of the two types of sentence condition used for the passive study - considering the subject-(finite)verb alignment. The findings showed a better performance of bilingual children in the passive sentence structure that syntactically overlapped in the two languages, providing evidence for cross-linguistic influences. Further factors for children's sentence comprehension were considered. The parents' education, the number of older siblings and language experience variables were derived from a language background questionnaire completed by parents. Scores of receptive vocabulary and grammar, visual and short-term memory and reasoning ability were measured by means of standardized tests. It was shown that higher German language experience by bilinguals correlates with better accuracy in German OVS sentences but not in passive sentences. Memory capacity had a positive effect on the comprehension of OVS and passive sentences in the bilingual group. Additionally, a role was played by executive function abilities in the comprehension of OVS sentences and not of passive sentences. It is suggested that executive function abilities might help children in the sentence comprehension task when the linguistic structures are not yet fully mastered. Altogether, these findings show that bilinguals' poorer performance in the comprehension and processing of German OVS is mainly due to reduced language experience in German, and that the different performance of bilingual children with the two types of passives is mainly due to cross-linguistic influences.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Stange2024, author = {Stange, Maike}, title = {A study on Coronin-A and Aip1 function in motility of Dictyostelium discoideum and on Aip1 interchangeability between Dictyostelium discoideum and Arabidopsis thaliana}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62856}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628569}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiv, 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Actin is one of the most highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes and distinct actin-related proteins with filament-forming properties are even found in prokaryotes. Due to these commonalities, actin-modulating proteins of many species share similar structural properties and proposed functions. The polymerization and depolymerization of actin are critical processes for a cell as they can contribute to shape changes to adapt to its environment and to move and distribute nutrients and cellular components within the cell. However, to what extent functions of actin-binding proteins are conserved between distantly related species, has only been addressed in a few cases. In this work, functions of Coronin-A (CorA) and Actin-interacting protein 1 (Aip1), two proteins involved in actin dynamics, were characterized. In addition, the interchangeability and function of Aip1 were investigated in two phylogenetically distant model organisms. The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana (encoding two homologs, AIP1-1 and AIP1-2) and in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (encoding one homolog, DdAip1) were chosen because the functions of their actin cytoskeletons may differ in many aspects. Functional analyses between species were conducted for AIP1 homologs as flowering plants do not harbor a CorA gene. In the first part of the study, the effect of four different mutation methods on the function of Coronin-A protein and the resulting phenotype in D. discoideum was revealed in two genetic knockouts, one RNAi knockdown and a sudden loss-of-function mutant created by chemical-induced dislocation (CID). The advantages and disadvantages of the different mutation methods on the motility, appearance and development of the amoebae were investigated, and the results showed that not all observed properties were affected with the same intensity. Remarkably, a new combination of Selection-Linked Integration and CID could be established. In the second and third parts of the thesis, the exchange of Aip1 between plant and amoeba was carried out. For A. thaliana, the two homologs (AIP1-1 and AIP1-2) were analyzed for functionality as well as in D. discoideum. In the Aip1-deficient amoeba, rescue with AIP1-1 was more effective than with AIP1-2. The main results in the plant showed that in the aip1-2 mutant background, reintroduced AIP1-2 displayed the most efficient rescue and A. thaliana AIP1-1 rescued better than DdAip1. The choice of the tagging site was important for the function of Aip1 as steric hindrance is a problem. The DdAip1 was less effective when tagged at the C-terminus, while the plant AIP1s showed mixed results depending on the tag position. In conclusion, the foreign proteins partially rescued phenotypes of mutant plants and mutant amoebae, despite the organisms only being very distantly related in evolutionary terms.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Antonoglou2024, author = {Antonoglou, Nikolaos}, title = {GNSS-based remote sensing: Innovative observation of key hydrological parameters in the Central Andes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62825}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628256}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxii, 116}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Central Andean region is characterized by diverse climate zones with sharp transitions between them. In this work, the area of interest is the South-Central Andes in northwestern Argentina that borders with Bolivia and Chile. The focus is the observation of soil moisture and water vapour with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote-sensing methodologies. Because of the rapid temporal and spatial variations of water vapour and moisture circulations, monitoring this part of the hydrological cycle is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that control the local climate. Moreover, GNSS-based techniques have previously shown high potential and are appropriate for further investigation. This study includes both logistic-organization effort and data analysis. As for the prior, three GNSS ground stations were installed in remote locations in northwestern Argentina to acquire observations, where there was no availability of third-party data. The methodological development for the observation of the climate variables of soil moisture and water vapour is independent and relies on different approaches. The soil-moisture estimation with GNSS reflectometry is an approximation that has demonstrated promising results, but it has yet to be operationally employed. Thus, a more advanced algorithm that exploits more observations from multiple satellite constellations was developed using data from two pilot stations in Germany. Additionally, this algorithm was slightly modified and used in a sea-level measurement campaign. Although the objective of this application is not related to monitoring hydrological parameters, its methodology is based on the same principles and helps to evaluate the core algorithm. On the other hand, water-vapour monitoring with GNSS observations is a well-established technique that is utilized operationally. Hence, the scope of this study is conducting a meteorological analysis by examining the along-the-zenith air-moisture levels and introducing indices related to the azimuthal gradient. The results of the experiments indicate higher-quality soil moisture observations with the new algorithm. Furthermore, the analysis using the stations in northwestern Argentina illustrates the limits of this technology because of varying soil conditions and shows future research directions. The water-vapour analysis points out the strong influence of the topography on atmospheric moisture circulation and rainfall generation. Moreover, the GNSS time series allows for the identification of seasonal signatures, and the azimuthal-gradient indices permit the detection of main circulation pathways.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Drescher2024, author = {Drescher, Cedric}, title = {Die Bek{\"a}mpfung transnationaler Kriminalit{\"a}t im Kontext fragiler Staatlichkeit}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62854}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628542}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 541, LVIII}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Arbeit „Die Bek{\"a}mpfung transnationaler Kriminalit{\"a}t im Kontext fragiler Staatlichkeit" widmet sich dem Ph{\"a}nomen grenz{\"u}berschreitend t{\"a}tiger Akteure der organisierten Kriminalit{\"a}t die den Umstand ausnutzen, dass einige international anerkannte Regierungen nur eine unzureichende Kontrolle {\"u}ber Teile ihres Staatsgebietes aus{\"u}ben. Es wird untersucht, weshalb der durch die internationale Staatengemeinschaft geschaffene Rechtsrahmen, zur Bek{\"a}mpfung transnationaler Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomene im Kontext dieser fragilen Staaten, nicht oder nur defizit{\"a}r dazu beitr{\"a}gt die Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomene zu bek{\"a}mpfen. Nachdem zun{\"a}chst er{\"o}rtert wird, was im Rahmen der Untersuchung unter dem Begriff der transnationalen Kriminalit{\"a}t verstanden wird, wird der internationale Rechtsrahmen zur Bek{\"a}mpfung anhand von f{\"u}nf beispielhaft ausgew{\"a}hlten transnationalen Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomenen beschrieben. Im darauffolgenden Hauptteil der Untersuchung wird der Frage nachgegangen, weshalb dieser durch die internationale Staatengemeinschaft geschaffene Rechtsrahmen, gerade in fragilen Staaten, kaum einen Beitrag dazu leistet solchen Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomenen effektiv zu begegnen. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass die Genese des internationalen Rechtsrahmens zu einem Legitimit{\"a}tsdefizit desselbigen f{\"u}hrt. Auch die mangelhafte Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der speziellen Lebensrealit{\"a}ten, die in vielen fragilen Staaten vorzufinden sind, wirkt sich negativ auf die Durchsetzbarkeit des internationalen Rechtsrahmens aus. Es wird dargelegt, dass unterschiedlich hohe menschenrechtliche Schutzstandards zu Normenkollisionen bei der internationalen Zusammenarbeit der Staaten f{\"u}hren, insbesondere im Rahmen der internationalen Rechtshilfe. Da gerade fragile Staaten h{\"a}ufig durch eine defizit{\"a}re menschenrechtliche Situation gekennzeichnet sind, stellt dies konsolidierte Staaten im Rahmen der Zusammenarbeit mit fragilen Staaten {\"o}fters vor Herausforderungen. Schließlich wird aufgezeigt, dass auch die extraterritoriale Jurisdiktion und somit die strafrechtliche Verfolgung transnationaler Straftaten durch Drittstaaten mit rechtlichen und praktischen Problemen einhergeht. In einem letzten Kapitel der Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob nicht ein alternativer Strafverfolgungsmechanismus geschaffen werden sollte, um transnationale Kriminalit{\"a}tsph{\"a}nomene zu verfolgen, die aus fragilen Staaten heraus begangen werden und wie ein solch alternativer Strafverfolgungsmechanismus konkret ausgestaltet sein sollte.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schallau2024, author = {Schallau, Juliane}, title = {"Maybe Happen Is Never Once" - temporalities of guilt in William Faulkner}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62885}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628858}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {iv, 171}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study focuses on William Faulkner, whose works explore the demise of the slavery-based Old South during the Civil War in a highly experimental narrative style. Central to this investigation is the analysis of the temporal dimensions of both individual and collective guilt, thus offering a new approach to the often-discussed problem of Faulkner's portrayal of social decay. The thesis examines how Faulkner re-narrates the legacy of the Old South as a guilt narrative and argues that Faulkner uses guilt in order to corroborate his concept of time and the idea of the continuity of the past. The focus of the analysis is on three of Faulkner's arguably most important novels: The Sound and the Fury, Absalom, Absalom!, and Go Down, Moses. Each of these novels features a main character deeply overwhelmed by the crimes of the past, whether private, familial, or societal. As a result, guilt is explored both from a domestic as well as a social perspective. In order to show how Faulkner blends past and present by means of guilt, this work examines several methods and motifs borrowed from different fields and genres with which Faulkner narratively negotiates guilt. These include religious notions of original sin, the motif of the ancestral curse prevalent in the Southern Gothic genre, and the psychological concept of trauma. Each of these motifs emphasizes the temporal dimensions of guilt, which are the core of this study, and makes clear that guilt in Faulkner's work is primarily to be understood as a temporal rather than a moral problem.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hartmann2024, author = {Hartmann, Anne}, title = {Tracing the evolution of hillslope structure and hillslope hydrological response over ten millennia in two glacial forefields of different geology}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62862}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628629}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVIII, 138, XLIV}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Assessing the impact of global change on hydrological systems is one of the greatest hydrological challenges of our time. Changes in land cover, land use, and climate have an impact on water quantity, quality, and temporal availability. There is a widespread consensus that, given the far-reaching effects of global change, hydrological systems can no longer be viewed as static in their structure; instead, they must be regarded as entire ecosystems, wherein hydrological processes interact and coevolve with biological, geomorphological, and pedological processes. To accurately predict the hydrological response under the impact of global change, it is essential to understand this complex coevolution. The knowledge of how hydrological processes, in particular the formation of subsurface (preferential) flow paths, evolve within this coevolution and how they feed back to the other processes is still very limited due to a lack of observational data. At the hillslope scale, this intertwined system of interactions is known as the hillslope feedback cycle. This thesis aims to enhance our understanding of the hillslope feedback cycle by studying the coevolution of hillslope structure and hillslope hydrological response. Using chronosequences of moraines in two glacial forefields developed from siliceous and calcareous glacial till, the four studies shed light on the complex coevolution of hydrological, biological, and structural hillslope properties, as well as subsurface hydrological flow paths over an evolutionary period of 10 millennia in these two contrasting geologies. The findings indicate that the contrasting properties of siliceous and calcareous parent materials lead to variations in soil structure, permeability, and water storage. As a result, different plant species and vegetation types are favored on siliceous versus calcareous parent material, leading to diverse ecosystems with distinct hydrological dynamics. The siliceous parent material was found to show a higher activity level in driving the coevolution. The soil pH resulting from parent material weathering emerges as a crucial factor, influencing vegetation development, soil formation, and consequently, hydrology. The acidic weathering of the siliceous parent material favored the accumulation of organic matter, increasing the soils' water storage capacity and attracting acid-loving shrubs, which further promoted organic matter accumulation and ultimately led to podsolization after 10 000 years. Tracer experiments revealed that the subsurface flow path evolution was influenced by soil and vegetation development, and vice versa. Subsurface flow paths changed from vertical, heterogeneous matrix flow to finger-like flow paths over a few hundred years, evolving into macropore flow, water storage, and lateral subsurface flow after several thousand years. The changes in flow paths among younger age classes were driven by weathering processes altering soil structure, as well as by vegetation development and root activity. In the older age class, the transition to more water storage and lateral flow was attributed to substantial organic matter accumulation and ongoing podsolization. The rapid vertical water transport in the finger-like flow paths, along with the conductive sandy material, contributed to podsolization and thus to the shift in the hillslope hydrological response. In contrast, the calcareous site possesses a high pH buffering capacity, creating a neutral to basic environment with relatively low accumulation of dead organic matter, resulting in a lower water storage capacity and the establishment of predominantly grass vegetation. The coevolution was found to be less dynamic over the millennia. Similar to the siliceous site, significant changes in subsurface flow paths occurred between the young age classes. However, unlike the siliceous site, the subsurface flow paths at the calcareous site only altered in shape and not in direction. Tracer experiments showed that flow paths changed from vertical, heterogeneous matrix flow to vertical, finger-like flow paths after a few hundred to thousands of years, which was driven by root activities and weathering processes. Despite having a finer soil texture, water storage at the calcareous site was significantly lower than at the siliceous site, and water transport remained primarily rapid and vertical, contributing to the flourishing of grass vegetation. The studies elucidated that changes in flow paths are predominantly shaped by the characteristics of the parent material and its weathering products, along with their complex interactions with initial water flow paths and vegetation development. Time, on the other hand, was not found to be a primary factor in describing the evolution of the hydrological response. This thesis makes a valuable contribution to closing the gap in the observations of the coevolution of hydrological processes within the hillslope feedback cycle, which is important to improve predictions of hydrological processes in changing landscapes. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary studies in addressing the hydrological challenges arising from global change.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wortmann2023, author = {Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie}, title = {Food Neophilie}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62857}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628572}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {164}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Trotz der eindeutigen Vorteile einer ausgewogenen Ern{\"a}hrung halten sich viele Menschen weltweit nicht an entsprechende Ern{\"a}hrungsrichtlinien. Um angemessene Strategien zur Unterst{\"u}tzung einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung zu entwickeln, ist ein Verst{\"a}ndnis der zugrunde liegenden Faktoren unerl{\"a}sslich. Insbesondere die Gruppe der {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen stellt dabei eine wichtige Zielgruppe f{\"u}r ern{\"a}hrungsbezogene Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsans{\"a}tze dar. Einer der vielen Faktoren, die als Determinanten einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung diskutiert werden, ist die Food Neophilie, also die Bereitschaft, neue und unbekannte Lebensmittel auszuprobieren. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Food Neophilie positiv mit einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung in Verbindung steht, allerdings ist die bisherige Forschung in diesem Bereich {\"a}ußerst begrenzt. Das Ziel der Dissertation war es, das Konstrukt der Food Neophilie sowie seine Beziehung zu gesundheitsf{\"o}rderndem Ern{\"a}hrungsverhalten im h{\"o}heren Erwachsenenalter grundlegend zu erforschen, um das Potenzial der Food Neophilie f{\"u}r die Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung {\"a}lterer Erwachsener besser zu verstehen. Dabei wurde im Rahmen der ersten Publikation zun{\"a}chst untersucht, wie sich das Konstrukt der Food Neophilie reliabel und valide erfassen l{\"a}sst, um weiterf{\"u}hrende Untersuchungen der Food Neophilie zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die psychometrische Validierung der deutschen Version der Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK) basierte auf zwei unabh{\"a}ngigen Stichproben mit insgesamt N = 1000 Teilnehmenden und best{\"a}tigte, dass es sich bei der Skala um ein reliables und valides Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Food Neophilie handelt. Darauf aufbauend wurde im Rahmen der zweiten Publikation die Beziehung der Food Neophilie und der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t {\"u}ber die Zeit hinweg analysiert. Die prospektive Untersuchung von N = 960 Teilnehmenden des h{\"o}heren Erwachsenenalters (M = 63.4 Jahre) anhand einer Cross-Lagged-Panel-Analyse ergab hohe zeitliche Stabilit{\"a}ten der Food Neophilie und der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren. Es zeigte sich zudem ein positiver querschnittlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Food Neophilie und der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t, jedoch wurde die Food Neophilie nicht als signifikante Determinante der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t {\"u}ber die Zeit hinweg identifiziert. In der dritten Publikation wurden schließlich nicht nur die individuellen Auswirkungen der Food Neophilie auf die Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t betrachtet, sondern auch potenzielle dynamische Wechselwirkungen innerhalb von Partnerschaften einbezogen. Hierzu erfolgte mittels eines Actor-Partner-Interdependence-Modells eine Differenzierung potenzieller intra- und interpersoneller Einfl{\"u}sse der Food Neophilie auf die Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t. Im Rahmen der dyadischen Analyse zeigte sich bei N = 390 heterosexuellen Paaren im h{\"o}heren Erwachsenenalter (M = 64.0 Jahre) ein Dominanzmuster: W{\"a}hrend die Food Neophilie der Frauen positiv mit ihrer eigenen Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t und der ihrer Partner zusammenhing, war die Food Neophilie der M{\"a}nner nicht mit der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t des Paares assoziiert. Insgesamt leistet die vorliegende Dissertation einen wertvollen Beitrag zum umfassenden Verst{\"a}ndnis der Food Neophilie sowie ihrer Rolle im Kontext der Ern{\"a}hrungsgesundheit {\"a}lterer Erwachsener. Trotz fehlender Vorhersagekraft {\"u}ber die Zeit hinweg deutet der positive Zusammenhang zwischen Food Neophilie und Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t darauf hin, dass die Fokussierung auf eine positive und neugierige Einstellung gegen{\"u}ber Lebensmitteln eine innovative Perspektive f{\"u}r Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsans{\"a}tze zur Unterst{\"u}tzung einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung {\"a}lterer Erwachsener bieten k{\"o}nnte.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rehtmeyer2024, author = {Rehtmeyer, Marcus}, title = {Die Staatskirchenvertr{\"a}ge Preußens 1929 und 1931}, series = {Rechtsgeschichtliche Forschungen}, volume = {4}, journal = {Rechtsgeschichtliche Forschungen}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-1369-2}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {734}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die umfangreiche rechtswissenschaftliche Studie befasst sich mit den preußischen Staatskirchenvertr{\"a}gen aus der Zeit der Weimarer Republik. Diese Vertr{\"a}ge waren H{\"o}hepunkte einer Entwicklung in Richtung gr{\"o}ßerer Freiheit und Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit der Kirchen vom Staat, die den Vorg{\"a}ngen im Reich und in anderen deutschen L{\"a}ndern teils entsprach, teils zuwiderlief. Die Entwicklung folgte keiner unverr{\"u}ckbaren Idealvorstellung {\"u}ber das Verh{\"a}ltnis von Staat und Kirche, sondern stellte sich stets als pragmatische Reaktion auf realpolitische Probleme dar. Die Staatskirchenvertr{\"a}ge selbst pr{\"a}gten die weiteren Entwicklungen in Ost und West bis zur Gegenwart.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ketzer2024, author = {Ketzer, Laura}, title = {The impact of stellar activity evolution on atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626819}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 208}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The increasing number of known exoplanets raises questions about their demographics and the mechanisms that shape planets into how we observe them today. Young planets in close-in orbits are exposed to harsh environments due to the host star being magnetically highly active, which results in high X-ray and extreme UV fluxes impinging on the planet. Prolonged exposure to this intense photoionizing radiation can cause planetary atmospheres to heat up, expand and escape into space via a hydrodynamic escape process known as photoevaporation. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune-type planets, this can even lead to the complete erosion of their primordial gaseous atmospheres. A factor of interest for this particular mass-loss process is the activity evolution of the host star. Stellar rotation, which drives the dynamo and with it the magnetic activity of a star, changes significantly over the stellar lifetime. This strongly affects the amount of high-energy radiation received by a planet as stars age. At a young age, planets still host warm and extended envelopes, making them particularly susceptible to atmospheric evaporation. Especially in the first gigayear, when X-ray and UV levels can be 100 - 10,000 times higher than for the present-day sun, the characteristics of the host star and the detailed evolution of its high-energy emission are of importance. In this thesis, I study the impact of stellar activity evolution on the high-energy-induced atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets. The PLATYPOS code was developed as part of this thesis to calculate photoevaporative mass-loss rates over time. The code, which couples parameterized planetary mass-radius relations with an analytical hydrodynamic escape model, was used, together with Chandra and eROSITA X-ray observations, to investigate the future mass loss of the two young multiplanet systems V1298 Tau and K2-198. Further, in a numerical ensemble study, the effect of a realistic spread of activity tracks on the small-planet radius gap was investigated for the first time. The works in this thesis show that for individual systems, in particular if planetary masses are unconstrained, the difference between a young host star following a low-activity track vs. a high-activity one can have major implications: the exact shape of the activity evolution can determine whether a planet can hold on to some of its atmosphere, or completely loses its envelope, leaving only the bare rocky core behind. For an ensemble of simulated planets, an observationally-motivated distribution of activity tracks does not substantially change the final radius distribution at ages of several gigayears. My simulations indicate that the overall shape and slope of the resulting small-planet radius gap is not significantly affected by the spread in stellar activity tracks. However, it can account for a certain scattering or fuzziness observed in and around the radius gap of the observed exoplanet population.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Anda2020, author = {Anda, Carolin}, title = {Reisen mit/durch/auf Facebook}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62489}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624896}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {237}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Urlaubsfotografien bei Facebook und beschreibt, welche sozio-technischen Medienpraktiken sich innerhalb der Social-Media Plattform {\"u}ber die Fotografien vollziehen. Fotografische Praktiken sind durch aktive Handlungen und soziale Gebrauchsweisen bestimmt. Urlaubsfotografien tragen zum Beispiel zur Strukturierung von Reiserouten und Vorstellungen bei, indem genrespezifische Motive und Rahmungen mit Hilfe von Medien reproduziert und wiederholt werden. Praktiken des Zeigens, Teilens und Kommunizierens werden durch Social Plug-Ins (Like/Share Buttons) und Tagging-Funktionen auch in die Benutzeroberfl{\"a}chen von Facebook integriert. Dadurch werden Nutzer*innen Aktivit{\"a}ten und technische Prozesse miteinander verbunden. Am Beispiel der automatischen Generierung von Urlaubsfotografien auf Geotagseiten wird gezeigt, dass Social-Tagging zur Entstehung und Aushandlung geographischer R{\"a}ume und Ortsvorstellungen beitr{\"a}gt. Mithilfe technischer Strukturierungen von Fotografien auf Taggingseiten werden genrespezifische Motive, fotografische Trends und {\"A}sthetiken besonders sichtbar. Allerdings wird ihre Visualisierung auch durch algorithmische Priorisierung einzelner Inhalte mitbestimmt. Dadurch werden Urlaubsfotografien f{\"u}r ein fotografisches Profiling genutzt, da sie das algorithmische Erfassen und Auswerten von Nutzer*innen-Informationen erm{\"o}glichen. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass der Einsatz von Bilderkennungsverfahren und fotografischen Datenanalysen zu einer optimierten Informationsgewinnung und zu einer Standardisierung von Fotografien beitr{\"a}gt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Manu2023, author = {Manu, Evans}, title = {Hydrogeochemical characterization of water resources in the Pra Basin (Ghana) for quality assessment and water management}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62806}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628062}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVI, 106}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Watershed management requires an understanding of key hydrochemical processes. The Pra Basin is one of the five major river basins in Ghana with a population of over 4.2 million people. Currently, water resources management faces challenges due to surface water pollution caused by the unregulated release of untreated household and industrial waste into aquatic ecosystems and illegal mining activities. This has increased the need for groundwater as the most reliable water supply. Our understanding of groundwater recharge mechanisms and chemical evolution in the basin has been inadequate, making effective management difficult. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to gain insight into the processes that determine the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater quality in the Pra Basin. The combined use of stable isotope, hydrochemistry, and water level data provides the basis for conceptualizing the chemical evolution of groundwater in the Pra Basin. For this purpose, the origin and evaporation rates of water infiltrating into the unsaturated zone were evaluated. In addition, Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) and Water Table Fluctuations (WTF) were considered to quantify groundwater recharge for the basin. Indices such as water quality index (WQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Wilcox diagram, and salinity (USSL) were used in this study to determine the quality of the resource for use as drinking water and for irrigation purposes. Due to the heterogeneity of the hydrochemical data, the statistical techniques of hierarchical cluster and factor analysis were applied to subdivide the data according to their spatial correlation. A conceptual hydrogeochemical model was developed and subsequently validated by applying combinatorial inverse and reaction pathway-based geochemical models to determine plausible mineral assemblages that control the chemical composition of the groundwater. The interactions between water and rock determine the groundwater quality in the Pra Basin. The results underline that the groundwater is of good quality and can be used for drinking water and irrigation purposes. It was demonstrated that there is a large groundwater potential to meet the entire Pra Basin's current and future water demands. The main recharge area was identified as the northern zone, while the southern zone is the discharge area. The predominant influence of weathering of silicate minerals plays a key role in the chemical evolution of the groundwater. The work presented here provides fundamental insights into the hydrochemistry of the Pra Basin and provides data important to water managers for informed decision-making in planning and allocating water resources for various purposes. A novel inverse modelling approach was used in this study to identify different mineral compositions that determine the chemical evolution of groundwater in the Pra Basin. This modelling technique has the potential to simulate the composition of groundwater at the basin scale with large hydrochemical heterogeneity, using average water composition to represent established spatial groupings of water chemistry.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koehler2024, author = {K{\"o}hler, Wolfgang}, title = {Challenges of efficient and compliant data processing}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627843}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung ver{\"a}ndert die Gesellschaft und hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Unternehmen. Grundlegend f{\"u}r diese Ver{\"a}nderungen sind die neuen technologischen M{\"o}glichkeiten, Daten in immer gr{\"o}ßerem Umfang und f{\"u}r vielf{\"a}ltige neue Zwecke zu verarbeiten. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit großer und qualitativ hochwertiger Datens{\"a}tze, insbesondere auf Basis personenbezogener Daten. Sie werden entweder zur Verbesserung der Produktivit{\"a}t, Qualit{\"a}t und Individualit{\"a}t von Produkten und Dienstleistungen oder gar zur Entwicklung neuartiger Dienstleistungen verwendet. Heute wird das Nutzerverhalten, trotz weltweit steigender gesetzlicher Anforderungen an den Schutz personenbezogener Daten, aktiver und umfassender verfolgt als je zuvor. Dies wirft vermehrt ethische, moralische und gesellschaftliche Fragen auf, die nicht zuletzt durch popul{\"a}re F{\"a}lle des Datenmissbrauchs in den Vordergrund der politischen Debatte ger{\"u}ckt sind. Angesichts dieses Diskurses und der gesetzlichen Anforderungen muss heutiges Datenmanagement drei Bedingungen erf{\"u}llen: Erstens die Legalit{\"a}t bzw. Gesetzeskonformit{\"a}t der Nutzung, zweitens die ethische Legitimit{\"a}t. Drittens sollte die Datennutzung aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht wertsch{\"o}pfend sein. Im Rahmen dieser Bedingungen verfolgt die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation vier Forschungsziele mit dem Fokus, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis (1) der Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von Gesetzen zum Schutz von Privatsph{\"a}re, (2) der Faktoren, die die Bereitschaft der Kunden zur Weitergabe pers{\"o}nlicher Daten beeinflussen, (3) der Rolle des Datenschutzes f{\"u}r das digitale Unternehmertum und (4) der interdisziplin{\"a}ren wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung, deren Entwicklung und Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu erlangen.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{You2024, author = {You, Lili}, title = {Chloroplast engineering for recombinant protein production and stress protection}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {133}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Szekely2024, author = {Sz{\´e}kely, Andr{\´a}s Csaba}, title = {Long-distance circadian coordination via a phloem-delivered mobile transcript}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {105}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Melliger2024, author = {Melliger, Marc Andr{\´e}}, title = {Effects of exposing renewables to the market}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 139}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Electricity production contributes to a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe and is thus an important driver of climate change. To fulfil the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) needs a rapid transition to a fully decarbonised power production system. Presumably, such a system will be largely based on renewables. So far, many EU countries have supported a shift towards renewables such as solar and wind power using support schemes, but the economic and political context is changing. Renewables are now cheaper than ever before and have become cost-competitive with conventional technologies. Therefore, European policymakers are striving to better integrate renewables into a competitive market and to increase the cost-effectiveness of the expansion of renewables. The first step was to replace previous fixed-price schemes with competitive auctions. In a second step, these auctions have become more technology-open. Finally, some governments may phase out any support for renewables and fully expose them to the competitive power market. However, such policy changes may be at odds with the need to rapidly expand renewables and meet national targets due to market characteristics and investors' risk perception. Without support, price risks are higher, and it may be difficult to meet an investor's income expectations. Furthermore, policy changes across different countries could have unexpected effects if power markets are interconnected and investors able to shift their investments. Finally, in multi-technology auctions, technologies may dominate, which can be a risk for long-term power system reliability. Therefore, in my thesis, I explore the effects of phasing out support policies for renewables, of coordinating these phase-outs across countries, and of using multi-technology designs. I expand the public policy literature about investment behaviour and policy design as well as policy change and coordination, and I further develop an agent-based model. The main questions of my thesis are what the cost and deployment effects of gradually exposing renewables to market forces would be and how coordination between countries affects investors' decisions and market prices.. In my three contributions to the academic literature, I use different methods and come to the following results. In the first contribution, I use a conjoint analysis and market simulation to evaluate the effects of phasing out support or reintroducing feed-in tariffs from the perspective of investors. I find that a phase-out leads to investment shifts, either to other still-supported technologies or to other countries that continue to offer support. I conclude that the coordination of policy changes avoids such shifts.. In the second contribution, I integrate the empirically-derived preferences from the first contribution in to an agent-based power system model of two countries to simulate the effects of ending auctions for renewables. I find that this slows the energy transition, and that cross-border effects are relevant. Consequently, continued support is necessary to meet the national renewables targets. In the third contribution, I analyse the outcome of past multi-technology auctions using descriptive statistics, regression analysis as well as case study comparisons. I find that the outcomes are skewed towards single technologies. This cannot be explained by individual design elements of the auctions, but rather results from context-specific and country-specific characteristics. Based on this, I discuss potential implications for long-term power system reliability. The main conclusions of my thesis are that a complete phase-out of renewables support would slow down the energy transition and thus jeopardize climate targets, and that multi-technology auctions may pose a risk for some countries, especially those that cannot regulate an unbalanced power plant portfolio in the long term. If policymakers decide to continue supporting renewables, they may consider adopting technology-specific auctions to better steer their portfolio. In contrast, if policymakers still want to phase out support, they should coordinate these policy changes with other countries. Otherwise, overall transition costs can be higher, because investment decisions shift to still-supported but more expensive technologies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2024, author = {M{\"u}ller, Daniel}, title = {Identification and monitoring of structures, controls, and evolution dynamics of hydrothermal systems and associated alteration through high-resolution remote sensing and in situ analysis}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62668}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626683}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {205}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Volcanic hydrothermal systems are an integral part of most volcanoes and typically involve a heat source, adequate fluid supply, and fracture or pore systems through which the fluids can circulate within the volcanic edifice. Associated with this are subtle but powerful processes that can significantly influence the evolution of volcanic activity or the stability of the near-surface volcanic system through mechanical weakening, permeability reduction, and sealing of the affected volcanic rock. These processes are well constrained for rock samples by laboratory analyses but are still difficult to extrapolate and evaluate at the scale of an entire volcano. Advances in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), sensor technology, and photogrammetric processing routines now allow us to image volcanic surfaces at the centimeter scale and thus study volcanic hydrothermal systems in great detail. This thesis aims to explore the potential of UAS approaches for studying the structures, processes, and dynamics of volcanic hydrothermal systems but also to develop methodological approaches to uncover secondary information hidden in the data, capable of indicating spatiotemporal dynamics or potentially critical developments associated with hydrothermal alteration. To accomplish this, the thesis describes the investigation of two near-surface volcanic hydrothermal systems, the El Tatio geyser field in Chile and the fumarole field of La Fossa di Vulcano (Italy), both of which are among the best-studied sites of their kind. Through image analysis, statistical, and spatial analyses we have been able to provide the most detailed structural images of both study sites to date, with new insights into the driving forces of such systems but also revealing new potential controls, which are summarized in conceptual site-specific models. Furthermore, the thesis explores methodological remote sensing approaches to detect, classify and constrain hydrothermal alteration and surface degassing from UAS-derived data, evaluated them by mineralogical and chemical ground-truthing, and compares the alteration pattern with the present-day degassing activity. A significant contribution of the often neglected diffuse degassing activity to the total amount of degassing is revealed and constrains secondary processes and dynamics associated with hydrothermal alteration that lead to potentially critical developments like surface sealing. The results and methods used provide new approaches for alteration research, for the monitoring of degassing and alteration effects, and for thermal monitoring of fumarole fields, with the potential to be incorporated into volcano monitoring routines.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{MartinezGuajardo2024, author = {Mart{\´i}nez Guajardo, Alejandro}, title = {New zwitterionic polymers for antifouling applications}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62682}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626820}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIX, 145}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The remarkable antifouling properties of zwitterionic polymers in controlled environments are often counteracted by their delicate mechanical stability. In order to improve the mechanical stabilities of zwitterionic hydrogels, the effect of increased crosslinker densities was thus explored. In a first approach, terpolymers of zwitterionic monomer 3-[N -2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]ammonio propane-1-sulfonate (SPE), hydrophobic monomer butyl methacrylate (BMA), and photo-crosslinker 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate (BPEMA) were synthesized. Thin hydrogel coatings of the copolymers were then produced and photo-crosslinked. Studies of the swollen hydrogel films showed that not only the mechanical stability but also, unexpectedly, the antifouling properties were improved by the presence of hydrophobic BMA units in the terpolymers. Based on the positive results shown by the amphiphilic terpolymers and in order to further test the impact that hydrophobicity has on both the antifouling properties of zwitterionic hydrogels and on their mechanical stability, a new amphiphilic zwitterionic methacrylic monomer, 3-((2-(methacryloyloxy)hexyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (M1), was synthesized in good yields in a multistep synthesis. Homopolymers of M1 were obtained by free-radical polymerization. Similarly, terpolymers of M1, zwitterionic monomer SPE, and photo-crosslinker BPEMA were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization and thoroughly characterized, including its solubilities in selected solvents. Also, a new family of vinyl amide zwitterionic monomomers, namely 3-(dimethyl(2-(N -vinylacetamido)ethyl)ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (M2), 4-(dimethyl(2-(N-vinylacetamido)ethyl)ammonio)butane-1-sulfonate (M3), and 3-(dimethyl(2-(N-vinylacetamido)ethyl)ammonio)propyl sulfate (M4), together with the new photo-crosslinker 4-benzoyl-N-vinylbenzamide (M5) that is well-suited for copolymerization with vinylamides, are introduced within the scope of the present work. The monomers are synthesized with good yields developing a multistep synthesis. Homopolymers of the new vinyl amide zwitterionic monomers are obtained by free-radical polymerization and thoroughly characterized. From the solubility tests, it is remarkable that the homopolymers produced are fully soluble in water, evidence of their high hydrophilicity. Copolymerization of the vinyl amide zwitterionic monomers, M2, M3, and M4 with the vinyl amide photo-crosslinker M5 proved to require very specific polymerization conditions. Nevertheless, copolymers were successfully obtained by free-radical copolymerization under appropriate conditions. Moreover, in an attempt to mitigate the intrinsic hydrophobicity introduced in the copolymers by the photo-crosslinkers, and based on the proven affinity of quaternized diallylamines to copolymerize with vinyl amides, a new quaternized diallylamine sulfobetaine photo-crosslinker 3-(diallyl(2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl)ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (M6) is synthesized. However, despite a priori promising copolymerization suitability, copolymerization with the vinyl amide zwitterionic monomers could not be achieved.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Streitboerger2024, author = {Streitb{\"o}rger, Chiara}, title = {Preisalgorithmenkartelle}, series = {Datenrecht und neue Technologien}, volume = {9}, journal = {Datenrecht und neue Technologien}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-0838-4}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {325}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Mithilfe von Preisalgorithmen sind Unternehmen in der Lage, automatische und wechselseitige Preisanpassungen vorzunehmen. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen klassische Kartellkonstellationen mangels konspirativer Treffen in den Hintergrund treten. Die Arbeit zeigt auf, unter welchen Voraussetzungen der Einsatz von Preisalgorithmen einen Verstoß gegen das europ{\"a}ische Kartellverbot begr{\"u}nden kann. Dazu werden Fallkonstellationen beleuchtet, die ein algorithmisches Zusammenwirken sowohl unmittelbar zwischen Wettbewerbern als auch mittelbar {\"u}ber einen Dritten begr{\"u}nden. Ferner wird auch auf algorithmenspezifische Compliance-Maßnahmen eingegangen. Schließlich werden die praktischen Herausforderungen bei der Aufdeckung und dem Nachweis solcher Kartelle aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2023, author = {Schmidt, Christian}, title = {Vom Trauma zum bedeutungsvollen Ersterlebnis}, publisher = {Karl Alber}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-4959-9450-4}, doi = {10.5771/9783495994511}, pages = {342}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ausgehend von {\"U}berlegungen des anthropologisch orientierten Psychiaters Erwin Straus geht dieses Buch der Frage nach, welche Bedingungen vorliegen, wenn bestimmte Ereignisse von Personen als bedeutsam erlebt werden. Des Weiteren wird ausf{\"u}hrlich er{\"o}rtert, wie sich Personalit{\"a}t im Menschen ausbildet und inwieweit sie von der gelingenden Integration bedeutungsvoller Ersterlebnisse abh{\"a}ngt. Das dabei zugrundeliegende Person-Konzept stellt einen eigenst{\"a}ndigen Syntheseversuch der vier Konzepte von Erwin Straus, Viktor Emil von Gebsattel, Helmuth Plessner und Max Scheler dar. Der Autor arbeitet in ober{\"a}rztlicher Funktion am Klinikum Schloss L{\"u}tgenhof in Dassow, einer Akutklinik f{\"u}r Personale Medizin, integrierte Psychosomatik, Innere Medizin und Psychotherapie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wojciechowska2022, author = {Wojciechowska, Izabela}, title = {The journey towards the discovery of new protein-metabolite interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana and further functional characterization of selected binding events}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {150}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kappel2023, author = {Kappel, Sandrine}, title = {Photosynthesis in fluctuating light}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {172}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Light is the essential energy source for plants to drive photosynthesis. In nature, light availability is highly variable and often fluctuates on very short time scales. As a result, plants developed mechanisms to cope with these fluctuations. Understanding how to improve light use efficiency in natural fluctuating light (FL) conditions is a major target for agronomy. In the first project, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana plant that showed reduced levels of rapidly inducible non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). This plant was devoid of any T-DNA insertion. Using a mapping-by-sequencing approach, we successfully located the causal genomic region near the end of chromosome 4. Through variant investigations in that region, we identified a deletion of about 20 kb encompassing 9 genes. By complementation analysis, we confirmed that one of the deleted genes, VTC2, is the causal gene responsible for the low NPQ. Loss of VTC2 decreased NPQ particularly in old leaves, with young leaves being only slightly affected. Additionally, ascorbate levels were almost abolished in old leaves, likely causing the NPQ decrease by reducing the activity of the xanthophyll cycle. Although ascorbate levels in younger leaves were reduced compared to wild-type plants, they remained at a comparably higher level. This difference may be due to the VTC2 paralog VTC5, which is expressed at a higher level in young leaves than in old ones. Plants require the PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5) protein for survival in FL. pgr5 mutants die because they fail to increase the luminal proton concentration in response to high light (HL) phases. A rapid elevation in ∆pH is needed to slow down electron transport through the Cytochrome b6 f complex (photosynthetic control). In FL, such lack of control in the pgr5 mutants results in photosystem I (PSI) overreduction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. Decreases in photosystem II (PSII) activity introduced by crossing pgr5 with PSII deficient mutants rescued the lethality of pgr5 in FL. PGR5 was suggested to act as part of the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase (FQR), involved in cyclic electron transfer around PSI. However, the proposed molecular role of PGR5 remains highly debated. To learn more about PGR5 function, we performed a forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify EMS-induced suppressor mutants surviving longer when grown in FL compared to pgr5 mutants (referred to as "suppressor of pgr5 lethality in fluctuating light", splf ). 11 different candidate genes were identified in a total of 22 splf plants. Mutants of seven of these genes in the pgr5 background showed low Fv/Fm values when grown in non-fluctuating low light (LL). Five of these 4genes were previously reported to have a role in PSII biogenesis or function. Two others, RPH1 and a DEAD/DEAH box helicase (AT3G02060), have not been linked to PSII function before. Three of splf candidate genes link to primary metabolism, fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (F2KP ), udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1 (UGP1 ) and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT ). They are characterized by the fact that they survive longer in FL than pgr5 mutants but do not procede beyond the early vegetative phase and then die.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Marx2024, author = {Marx, Carolin Valerie}, title = {Escalation of commitment in information systems projects: a cognitive-affective perspective}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62696}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626969}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {174}, year = {2024}, abstract = {While information systems (IS) projects are pivotal in guiding organizational strategies and sustaining competitive advantages, they frequently overrun budgets, extend beyond timelines, and experience high failure rates. This dissertation delves into the psychological micro-foundations of human behavior - specifically cognition and emotion - in relation to a prevalent issue in IS project management: the tendency to persist with failing courses of action, also called escalation of commitment (EoC). Through a mixed-methods research approach, this study investigates the emotional and cognitive bases of decision-making during IS project escalation and its evolution over time. The results of a psychophysiological laboratory experiment provide evidence for the predictions on the role of negative and complex situational integral emotions of Cognitive Dissonance over Coping Theory and add to a better understanding of how escalation tendencies change during sequential decision-making due to cognitive learning effects. Using psychophysiological measures, including data triangulation between electrodermal and cardiovascular activity and AI-based analysis of facial micro-expressions, this research reveals physiological markers of behavioral escalation tendencies. Complementing the experiment, a qualitative analysis using free-form narration during decision-making simulations shows that decision-makers employ varied cognitive reasoning patterns to justify escalating behaviors, suggesting a sequence of four distinct cognitive phases. By integrating both qualitative and quantitative findings, this dissertation offers a comprehensive theoretical framework of how cognition and emotion shape behavioral EoC over time. I propose that escalation is a cyclical adaptation of mental models, distinguished by shifts in cognitive reasoning patterns, temporal cognition mode variations, and interactions with situational emotions and their anticipation. The primary contribution of this dissertation lies in disentangling the emotional and cognitive mechanisms that drive IS project escalation. The findings provide the basis for developing de-escalation strategies, thereby helping to improve decision-making under uncertainty. Stakeholders involved in IS projects that get "off track" should be aware of the tendency to persist with failing courses of action and the importance of the underlying emotional and cognitive dynamics.}, language = {de} }