@article{Lenz2020, author = {Lenz, Markus Alexander}, title = {A Prophet of Divine Wisdom?}, series = {Philological Encounters Special Issus: Early Modern 'New Sciences': Inquiries into Ibn Khaldun and Giambattista Vico}, volume = {5}, journal = {Philological Encounters Special Issus: Early Modern 'New Sciences': Inquiries into Ibn Khaldun and Giambattista Vico}, number = {1}, editor = {Islam, Dayeh}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, isbn = {2451-9189}, issn = {2451-9197}, pages = {50 -- 75}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In the nineteenth century, the reception of Giambattista Vico's writings came along with nationalist interpretations of his Scienza Nuova as an 'Italian Science'. This tendency was based upon an increased examination of the role that the philosopher Pythagoras and his Italian school of Croton played in Vico's hierarchical conception of the ancient Greek and Italian civilizations. Writers, archaeologists and historians used the New Science as a metonymic reference work for their own nationalist concepts by updating the Pythagorean myth in accordance with relevant narratives of exclusive genealogies concerning an ancient Italian wisdom. These narratives follow tendencies in Vico's own writings that were quoted strategically and mixed with further interpretations of the Scienza Nuova as reliable testimonial for a glorious Italian history. A theological poet characterized by deeper insight into the secrets of nature and some parts of the divine providence, Pythagoras gains his special position in Vico's general conception of knowledge.}, language = {en} } @article{SchaffenrothCasewellSchneideretal.2020, author = {Schaffenroth, Veronika and Casewell, Sarah L. and Schneider, D. and Kilkenny, David and Geier, Stephan and Heber, Ulrich and Irrgang, Andreas and Przybilla, Norbert and Marsh, Thomas R. and Littlefair, Stuart P. and Dhillon, Vik S.}, title = {A quantitative in-depth analysis of the prototype sdB plus BD system SDSS J08205+0008 revisited in the Gaia era}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {501}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa3661}, pages = {3847 -- 3870}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Subdwarf B stars are core-helium-burning stars located on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB). Extensive mass loss on the red giant branch is necessary to form them. It has been proposed that substellar companions could lead to the required mass loss when they are engulfed in the envelope of the red giant star. J08205+0008 was the first example of a hot subdwarf star with a close, substellar companion candidate to be found. Here, we perform an in-depth re-analysis of this important system with much higher quality data allowing additional analysis methods. From the higher resolution spectra obtained with ESO-VLT/XSHOOTER, we derive the chemical abundances of the hot subdwarf as well as its rotational velocity. Using the Gaia parallax and a fit to the spectral energy distribution in the secondary eclipse, tight constraints to the radius of the hot subdwarf are derived. From a long-term photometric campaign, we detected a significant period decrease of -3.2(8) x 10(-12) dd(-1). This can be explained by the non-synchronized hot subdwarf star being spun up by tidal interactions forcing it to become synchronized. From the rate of period decrease we could derive the synchronization time-scale to be 4 Myr, much smaller than the lifetime on EHB. By combining all different methods, we could constrain the hot subdwarf to a mass of 0.39-0.50 M-circle dot and a radius of R-sdB = 0.194 +/- 0.008 R-circle dot, and the companion to 0.061-0.071 M-circle dot with a radius of R-comp = 0.092 +/- 0.005 R-circle dot, below the hydrogen-burning limit. We therefore confirm that the companion is most likely a massive brown dwarf.}, language = {en} } @article{PowaliSharmaMandaletal.2020, author = {Powali, Debarchan and Sharma, Shubham and Mandal, Riddhi and Mitra, Supriyo}, title = {A reappraisal of the 2005 Kashmir (M-w 7.6) earthquake and its aftershocks}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {789}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228501}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We study the source properties of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and its aftershocks to unravel the seismotectonics of the NW Himalayan syntaxis. The mainshock and larger aftershocks have been simultaneously relocated using phase data. We use back-projection of high-frequency energy from multiple teleseismic arrays to model the spatio-temporal evolution of the mainshock rupture. Our analysis reveal a bilateral rupture, which initially propagated SE and then NW of the epicenter, with an average rupture velocity of similar to 2 km s(-1). The area of maximum energy release is parallel to and bound by the surface rupture. Incorporating rupture propagation and velocity, we model the mainshock as a line source using P- and SH-waveform inversion. Our result confirms that the mainshock occurred on a NE dipping (similar to 35 degrees) fault plane, with centroid depth of similar to 10 km. Integrated source time function show that majority of the energy was released in the first similar to 20 s, and was confined above the hypocenter. From waveform inverted fault dimension and seismic moment, we argue that the mainshock had an additional similar to 25 km blind rupture beyond the NW Himalayan syntaxis. Combining this with findings from previous studies, we conjecture that the blind rupture propagated NW of the syntaxis underneath a weak detachment overlain by infra-Cambrian salt layer, and terminated in a wedge thrust. All moderate-to-large aftershocks, NW of the mainshock rupture, are concentrated at the edge of the blind rupture termination. Source modeling of these aftershocks reveal thrust mechanism with centroid depths of 2-10 km, and fault planes oriented subparallel to the mainshock rupture. To study the influence of mainshock rupture on aftershock occurrence, we compute Coulomb failure stress on aftershock faults. All these aftershocks lie in the positive Coulomb stress change region. This suggest that the aftershocks have been triggered by either co-seismic or post-seismic slip on the mainshock fault.}, language = {en} } @article{ChelkhLyTarkhanov2020, author = {Chelkh, W. and Ly, Ibrahim and Tarkhanov, Nikolai}, title = {A remark on the Laplace transform}, series = {Siberian Mathematical Journal}, volume = {61}, journal = {Siberian Mathematical Journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {Consultants Bureau, Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0037-4466}, doi = {10.1134/S0037446620040151}, pages = {755 -- 762}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The study of the Cauchy problem for solutions of the heat equation in a cylindrical domain with data on the lateral surface by the Fourier method raises the problem of calculating the inverse Laplace transform of the entire function cos root z. This problem has no solution in the standard theory of the Laplace transform. We give an explicit formula for the inverse Laplace transform of cos root z using the theory of analytic functionals. This solution suits well to efficiently develop the regularization of solutions to Cauchy problems for parabolic equations with data on noncharacteristic surfaces.}, language = {en} } @article{Grewing2020, author = {Grewing, Farouk F.}, title = {A Saturnalian poet as a literary critic}, series = {thersites = tessellae - Birthday Issue for Christine Walde}, volume = {2020}, journal = {thersites = tessellae - Birthday Issue for Christine Walde}, number = {11}, editor = {Amb{\"u}hl, Annemarie}, issn = {2364-7612}, doi = {10.34679/thersites.vol11.170}, pages = {176 -- 204}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This paper analyzes a specific section of Martial's Apophoreta (Book 14), the 'list' of fourteen literary works that the poet-persona suggests to the reader as potentially suitable presents to give to friends on the occasion of the Saturnalia. It focuses strictly on the literary aspects of the poems and their underlying carnivalesque poetics. This includes an assessment of the logic of the poems' arrangement and alleged inconsistencies. It is suggested that the section be read as a complex statement of Martial's on various works and genres of Greek and Roman literature. The last couplet of the section (14.196), a certain Calvus' work 'On the use of cold water' (De aquae frigidae usu), which is unidentifiable, receives particular attention, for previous scholarship has wasted a lot of ink on guessing what kind of work this may have been, thereby losing touch with the rich (meta-)poetics the couplet actually conveys.}, language = {en} } @article{Trindade2020, author = {Trindade, Ines}, title = {A shelter for the future}, series = {Molecular plant}, volume = {13}, journal = {Molecular plant}, number = {12}, publisher = {Cell Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1674-2052}, doi = {10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.009}, pages = {1675 -- 1675}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Plant development in its majority occurs post-embryonically through the activity of local meristems that provide daughter cells for the development of new organs. It has long been acknowledged that the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which holds the stem cells that will form above-ground organs, is recalcitrant to infection by multiple pathogens, a crucial strategy to safeguard normal devel- opment and subsequent generations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SAM immunity remain largely unknown.}, language = {en} } @article{ForbrigerGaoMalischewskyetal.2020, author = {Forbriger, Thomas and Gao, Lingli and Malischewsky, Peter and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Pan, Yudi}, title = {A single Rayleigh mode may exist with multiple values of phase-velocity at one frequency}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {222}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaa123}, pages = {582 -- 594}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Other than commonly assumed in seismology, the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves is not necessarily a single-valued function of frequency. In fact, a single Rayleigh mode can exist with three different values of phase velocity at one frequency. We demonstrate this for the first higher mode on a realistic shallow seismic structure of a homogeneous layer of unconsolidated sediments on top of a half-space of solid rock (LOH). In the case of LOH a significant contrast to the half-space is required to produce the phenomenon. In a simpler structure of a homogeneous layer with fixed (rigid) bottom (LFB) the phenomenon exists for values of Poisson's ratio between 0.19 and 0.5 and is most pronounced for P-wave velocity being three times S-wave velocity (Poisson's ratio of 0.4375). A pavement-like structure (PAV) of two layers on top of a half-space produces the multivaluedness for the fundamental mode. Programs for the computation of synthetic dispersion curves are prone to trouble in such cases. Many of them use mode-follower algorithms which loose track of the dispersion curve and miss the multivalued section. We show results for well established programs. Their inability to properly handle these cases might be one reason why the phenomenon of multivaluedness went unnoticed in seismological Rayleigh wave research for so long. For the very same reason methods of dispersion analysis must fail if they imply wave number k(l)(omega) for the lth Rayleigh mode to be a single-valued function of frequency.. This applies in particular to deconvolution methods like phase-matched filters. We demonstrate that a slant-stack analysis fails in the multivalued section, while a Fourier-Bessel transformation captures the complete Rayleigh-wave signal. Waves of finite bandwidth in the multivalued section propagate with positive group-velocity and negative phase-velocity. Their eigenfunctions appear conventional and contain no conspicuous feature.}, language = {en} } @article{IrrgangGeierKreuzeretal.2020, author = {Irrgang, Andreas and Geier, Stephan and Kreuzer, Simon and Pelisoli, Ingrid Domingos and Heber, Ulrich}, title = {A stripped helium star in the potential black hole binary LB-1}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {633}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201937343}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Context The recently claimed discovery of a massive (M-BH = 68(-13)(+11) M-circle dot) black hole in the Galactic solar neighborhood has led to controversial discussions because it severely challenges our current view of stellar evolution. Aims A crucial aspect for the determination of the mass of the unseen black hole is the precise nature of its visible companion, the B-type star LSV +22 25. Because stars of different mass can exhibit B-type spectra during the course of their evolution, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive picture of the star to unravel its nature and, thus, its mass. Methods To this end, we study the spectral energy distribution of LSV +22 25 and perform a quantitative spectroscopic analysis that includes the determination of chemical abundances for He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe. Results Our analysis clearly shows that LSV +22 25 is not an ordinary main sequence B-type star. The derived abundance pattern exhibits heavy imprints of the CNO bi-cycle of hydrogen burning, that is, He and N are strongly enriched at the expense of C and O. Moreover, the elements Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe are systematically underabundant when compared to normal main-sequence B-type stars. We suggest that LSV +22 25 is a stripped helium star and discuss two possible formation scenarios. Combining our photometric and spectroscopic results with the Gaia parallax, we infer a stellar mass of 1.1 +/- 0.5 M-circle dot. Based on the binary system's mass function, this yields a minimum mass of 2-3 M-circle dot for the compact companion, which implies that it may not necessarily be a black hole but a massive neutron- or main sequence star. Conclusions The star LSV +22 25 has become famous for possibly having a very massive black hole companion. However, a closer look reveals that the star itself is a very intriguing object. Further investigations are necessary for complete characterization of this object.}, language = {en} } @article{PutraPradhanKropp2020, author = {Putra, Muhammad Panji Islam Fajar and Pradhan, Prajal and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A systematic analysis of Water-Energy-Food security nexus}, series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, volume = {728}, journal = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0048-9697}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138451}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Most South Asian countries have challenges in ensuring water, energy, and food (WEF) security, which are often interacting positively or negatively. To address these challenges, the nexus approach provides a framework to identify the interactions of the WEF sectors as an integrated system. However, most nexus studies only qualitatively discuss the interactions between these sectors. This study conducts a systematic analysis of the WEF security nexus in South Asia by using open data sources at the country scale. We analyze interactions between the WEF sectors statistically, defining positive and negative correlations between the WEF security indicators as synergies and trade-offs, respectively. By creating networks of the synergies and trade-offs, we further identify most positively and negatively influencing indicators in the WEF security nexus. We observe a larger share of trade-offs than synergies within the water and energy sectors and a larger share of synergies than trade-offs among the WEF sectors for South Asia. However, these observations vary across the South Asian countries. Our analysis highlights that strategies on promoting sustainable energy and discouraging fossil fuel use could have overall positive effects on the WEF security nexus in the countries. This study provides evidence for considering the WEF security nexus as an integrated system rather than just a combination of three different sectors or securities.}, language = {en} } @article{CaoTianAndreevetal.2020, author = {Cao, Xianyong and Tian, Fang and Andreev, Andrei and Anderson, Patricia M. and Lozhkin, Anatoly V. and Bezrukova, Elena and Ni, Jian and Rudaya, Natalia and Stobbe, Astrid and Wieczorek, Mareike and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {A taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized fossil pollen dataset from Siberia covering the last 40 kyr}, series = {Earth System Science Data}, volume = {12}, journal = {Earth System Science Data}, number = {1}, publisher = {Copernics Publications}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, issn = {1866-3508}, doi = {10.5194/essd-12-119-2020}, pages = {119 -- 135}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Pollen records from Siberia are mostly absent in global or Northern Hemisphere synthesis works. Here we present a taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized pollen dataset that was synthesized using 173 palynological records from Siberia and adjacent areas (northeastern Asia, 42-75 degrees N, 50-180 degrees E). Pollen data were taxonomically harmonized, i.e. the original 437 taxa were assigned to 106 combined pollen taxa. Age-depth models for all records were revised by applying a constant Bayesian age-depth modelling routine. The pollen dataset is available as count data and percentage data in a table format (taxa vs. samples), with age information for each sample. The dataset has relatively few sites covering the last glacial period between 40 and 11.5 ka (calibrated thousands of years before 1950 CE) particularly from the central and western part of the study area. In the Holocene period, the dataset has many sites from most of the area, with the exception of the central part of Siberia. Of the 173 pollen records, 81 \% of pollen counts were downloaded from open databases (GPD, EPD, PANGAEA) and 10 \% were contributions by the original data gatherers, while a few were digitized from publications. Most of the pollen records originate from peatlands (48 \%) and lake sediments (33 \%). Most of the records (83 \%) have >= 3 dates, allowing the establishment of reliable chronologies. The dataset can be used for various purposes, including pollen data mapping (example maps for Larix at selected time slices are shown) as well as quantitative climate and vegetation reconstructions. The datasets for pollen counts and pollen percentages are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898616 (Cao et al., 2019a), also including the site information, data source, original publication, dating data, and the plant functional type for each pollen taxa.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheibelTrappLimbergeretal.2020, author = {Scheibel, Willy and Trapp, Matthias and Limberger, Daniel and D{\"o}llner, J{\"u}rgen Roland Friedrich}, title = {A taxonomy of treemap visualization techniques}, series = {Science and Technology Publications}, journal = {Science and Technology Publications}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A treemap is a visualization that has been specifically designed to facilitate the exploration of tree-structured data and, more general, hierarchically structured data. The family of visualization techniques that use a visual metaphor for parent-child relationships based "on the property of containment" (Johnson, 1993) is commonly referred to as treemaps. However, as the number of variations of treemaps grows, it becomes increasingly important to distinguish clearly between techniques and their specific characteristics. This paper proposes to discern between Space-filling Treemap TS, Containment Treemap TC, Implicit Edge Representation Tree TIE, and Mapped Tree TMT for classification of hierarchy visualization techniques and highlights their respective properties. This taxonomy is created as a hyponymy, i.e., its classes have an is-a relationship to one another: TS TC TIE TMT. With this proposal, we intend to stimulate a discussion on a more unambiguous classification of treemaps and, furthermore, broaden what is understood by the concept of treemap itself.}, language = {en} } @article{JacobsWollnySeidleretal.2020, author = {Jacobs, Ingo and Wollny, Anna and Seidler, Juliana and Wochatz, Germar}, title = {A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes}, series = {Scandinavian Journal of Psychology}, volume = {62}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0036-5564}, doi = {10.1111/sjop.12670}, pages = {227 -- 236}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{SchellerSchmid2020, author = {Scheller, Frieder W. and Schmid, Rolf}, title = {A tribute to Isao Karube (1942-2020) and his influence on sensor science}, series = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica}, volume = {412}, journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica}, number = {28}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1618-2642}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-020-02946-5}, pages = {7709 -- 7711}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{DurandBentzKwiateketal.2020, author = {Durand, Virginie and Bentz, Stephan and Kwiatek, Grzegorz and Dresen, Georg and Wollin, Christopher and Heidbach, Oliver and Martinez-Garzon, Patricia and Cotton, Fabrice and Nurlu, Murat and Bohnhoff, Marco}, title = {A two-scale preparation phase preceded an M-w 5.8 earthquake in the sea of marmara offshore Istanbul, Turkey}, series = {Seismological research letters}, volume = {91}, journal = {Seismological research letters}, number = {6}, address = {Boulder}, issn = {0895-0695}, doi = {10.1785/0220200110}, pages = {3139 -- 3147}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity during a sequence of moderate (an M-w 4.7 foreshock and M-w 5.8 mainshock) earthquakes occurring in September 2019 at the transition between a creeping and a locked segment of the North Anatolian fault in the central Sea of Marmara, northwest Turkey. To investigate in detail the seismicity evolution, we apply a matched-filter technique to continuous waveforms, thus reducing the magnitude threshold for detection. Sequences of foreshocks preceding the two largest events are clearly seen, exhibiting two different behaviors: a long-term activation of the seismicity along the entire fault segment and a short-term concentration around the epicenters of the large events. We suggest a two-scale preparation phase, with aseismic slip preparing the mainshock final rupture a few days before, and a cascade mechanism leading to the nucleation of the mainshock. Thus, our study shows a combination of seismic and aseismic slip during the foreshock sequence changing the strength of the fault, bringing it closer to failure.}, language = {en} } @article{BoekstegersMarcelainBarahonaPonceetal.2020, author = {Boekstegers, Felix and Marcelain, Katherine and Barahona Ponce, Carol and Baez Benavides, Pablo F. and M{\"u}ller, Bettina and de Toro, Gonzalo and Retamales, Javier and Barajas, Olga and Ahumada, Monica and Aleksandrova, Krasimira and Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo}, title = {ABCB1/4 gallbladder cancer risk variants identified in India also show strong effects in Chileans}, series = {Cancer Epidemiology}, volume = {65}, journal = {Cancer Epidemiology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {5}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: The first large-scale genome-wide association study of gallbladder cancer (GBC) recently identified and validated three susceptibility variants in the ABCB1 and ABCB4 genes for individuals of Indian descent. We investigated whether these variants were also associated with GBC risk in Chileans, who show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and in Europeans with a low GBC incidence. Methods: This population-based study analysed genotype data from retrospective Chilean case-control (255 cases, 2042 controls) and prospective European cohort (108 cases, 181 controls) samples consistently with the original publication. Results: Our results confirmed the reported associations for Chileans with similar risk effects. Particularly strong associations (per-allele odds ratios close to 2) were observed for Chileans with high Native American (=Mapuche) ancestry. No associations were noticed for Europeans, but the statistical power was low. Conclusion: Taking full advantage of genetic and ethnic differences in GBC risk may improve the efficiency of current prevention programs.}, language = {en} } @article{Brechenmacher2020, author = {Brechenmacher, Thomas}, title = {Abednego, der Pfandleiher}, series = {Fontane-Bl{\"a}tter}, volume = {110}, journal = {Fontane-Bl{\"a}tter}, publisher = {Theodor-Fontane-Archiv}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {0015-6175}, pages = {90 -- 111}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Schmidt2020, author = {Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo}, title = {Abl{\"o}sung von Staatsleistungen an die Kirchen}, series = {Die {\"O}ffentliche Verwaltung}, journal = {Die {\"O}ffentliche Verwaltung}, number = {14}, publisher = {Kohlhammer}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0029-859X}, pages = {624 -- 628}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Das Jahr 2019 markiert nicht nur 100 Jahre Weimarer Reichsverfassung, sondern zugleich 100 Jahre Staatskirchenrecht sowie 100 Jahre des nicht erf{\"u}llten Verfassungsauftrags der Abl{\"o}sung der Staatsleistungen an die Kirchen gem. Art. WRV Artikel 138 Abs. WRV Artikel 138 Absatz 1 WRV (I.). Im Folgenden sollen der genaue Inhalt dieses Auftrags gekl{\"a}rt (II.) und die Rechtsfolgen seiner m{\"o}glichen Umsetzung beleuchtet werden (III.). Zudem ist zu untersuchen, ob sich aus diesem Verfassungsauftrag ein Verbot neuer Staatsleistungen an die Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften ergibt (IV.) und auf welche Weise dieser Auftrag ggf. verfassungsprozessual durchgesetzt werden kann (V.). Abschließend werden die Kernaussagen zusammengefasst (VI.).}, language = {de} } @article{SajediKrivenkovMarchenkoetal.2020, author = {Sajedi, Maryam and Krivenkov, Maxim and Marchenko, Dmitry and Varykhalov, Andrei and Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime and Rienks, Emile D. L. and Rader, Oliver}, title = {Absence of a giant Rashba effect in the valence band of lead halide perovskites}, series = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, volume = {102}, journal = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics; American Physical Society (APS)}, address = {Woodbury, NY}, issn = {2469-9950}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.102.081116}, pages = {6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {For hybrid organic-inorganic as well as all-inorganic lead halide perovskites a Rashba effect has been invoked to explain the high efficiency in energy conversion by prohibiting direct recombination. Both a bulk and surface Rashba effect have been predicted. In the valence band of methylammonium (MA) lead bromide a Rashba effect has been reported by angle-resolved photoemission and circular dichroism with giant values of 7-11 eV angstrom. We present band dispersion measurements of MAPbBr(3) and spin-resolved photoemission of CsPbBr3 to show that a large Rashba effect detectable by photoemission or circular dichroism does not exist and cannot be the origin of the high effciency.}, language = {en} } @article{LauxWengerBieretal.2020, author = {Laux, Eva-Maria and Wenger, Christian and Bier, Frank Fabian and Hoelzel, Ralph}, title = {AC electrokinetic immobilization of organic dye molecules}, series = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis}, volume = {412}, journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis}, number = {16}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1618-2642}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-020-02480-4}, pages = {3859 -- 3870}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The application of inhomogeneous AC electric fields for molecular immobilization is a very fast and simple method that does not require any adaptions to the molecule's functional groups or charges. Here, the method is applied to a completely new category of molecules: small organic fluorescence dyes, whose dimensions amount to only 1 nm or even less. The presented setup and the electric field parameters used allow immobilization of dye molecules on the whole electrode surface as opposed to pure dielectrophoretic applications, where molecules are attracted only to regions of high electric field gradients, i.e., to the electrode tips and edges. In addition to dielectrophoresis and AC electrokinetic flow, molecular scale interactions and electrophoresis at short time scales are discussed as further mechanisms leading to migration and immobilization of the molecules.}, language = {en} } @article{Proeve2020, author = {Pr{\"o}ve, Ralf}, title = {Achtsam Wissen schaffen}, series = {Un-Eindeutige Geschichte(n)?! Theorien und Methoden in den Kultur-/Geschichtswissenschaften}, volume = {7}, journal = {Un-Eindeutige Geschichte(n)?! Theorien und Methoden in den Kultur-/Geschichtswissenschaften}, editor = {Tomovic, Jelena and Nicke, Sascha}, publisher = {trafo Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-86464-209-8}, pages = {19 -- 33}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{LangBohnBhatetal.2020, author = {Lang, Judith and Bohn, Patrick and Bhat, Hilal and Jastrow, Holger and Walkenfort, Bernd and Cansiz, Feyza and Fink, Julian and Bauer, Michael and Schumacher, Fabian and Kleuser, Burkhard and Lang, Karl S.}, title = {Acid ceramidase of macrophages traps herpes simplex virus in multivesicular bodies and protects from severe disease}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-15072-8}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1(-/-) mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1(-/-) mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol.}, language = {en} } @article{OmaneHoehle2020, author = {Omane, Paul Okyere and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {Acquiring syntactic variability}, series = {Frontiers in communication}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Frontiers in communication}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {2297-900X}, doi = {10.3389/fcomm.2021.604951}, pages = {15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This paper investigates the predictions of the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying the acquisition of wh-questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children in an experimental approach using an elicited production and an elicited imitation task. Akan has two types of wh-question structures (wh-in-situ and wh-ex-situ questions), which allows an investigation of children's acquisition of these two question structures and their preferences for one or the other. Our results show that adults prefer to use wh-ex-situ questions over wh-in-situ questions. The results from the children show that both age groups have the two question structures in their linguistic repertoire. However, they differ in their preferences in usage in the elicited production task: while the 5-year-olds preferred the wh-in-situ structure over the wh-ex-situ structure, the 4-year-olds showed a selective preference for the wh-in-situ structure in who-questions. These findings suggest a developmental change in wh-question preferences in Akan-learning children between 4 and 5 years of age with a so far unobserved u-shaped developmental pattern. In the elicited imitation task, all groups showed a strong tendency to maintain the structure of in-situ and ex-situ questions in repeating grammatical questions. When repairing ungrammatical ex-situ questions, structural changes to grammatical in-situ questions were hardly observed but the insertion of missing morphemes while keeping the ex-situ structure. Together, our findings provide only partial support for the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis.}, language = {en} } @article{GianelliKuehneLoPrestietal.2020, author = {Gianelli, Claudia and K{\"u}hne, Katharina and Lo Presti, Sara and Mencaraglia, Silvia and Dalla Volta, Riccardo}, title = {Action processing in the motor system}, series = {Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research}, volume = {139}, journal = {Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0278-2626}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2019.105510}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words. Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200 ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500 ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs' suppression started as early as 150 ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500 ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities.}, language = {en} } @article{LimanowskiLopesKecketal.2020, author = {Limanowski, Jakub and Lopes, Pedro and Keck, Janis and Baudisch, Patrick and Friston, Karl and Blankenburg, Felix}, title = {Action-dependent processing of touch in the human parietal operculum and posterior insula}, series = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {30}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1047-3211}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhz111}, pages = {607 -- 617}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Somatosensory input generated by one's actions (i.e., self-initiated body movements) is generally attenuated. Conversely, externally caused somatosensory input is enhanced, for example, during active touch and the haptic exploration of objects. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to ask how the brain accomplishes this delicate weighting of self-generated versus externally caused somatosensory components. Finger movements were either self-generated by our participants or induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the same muscles. During half of the trials, electrotactile impulses were administered when the (actively or passively) moving finger reached a predefined flexion threshold. fMRI revealed an interaction effect in the contralateral posterior insular cortex (pIC), which responded more strongly to touch during self-generated than during FES-induced movements. A network analysis via dynamic causal modeling revealed that connectivity from the secondary somatosensory cortex via the pIC to the supplementary motor area was generally attenuated during self-generated relative to FES-induced movements-yet specifically enhanced by touch received during self-generated, but not FES-induced movements. Together, these results suggest a crucial role of the parietal operculum and the posterior insula in differentiating self-generated from externally caused somatosensory information received from one's moving limb.}, language = {en} } @article{GholiaghaHolzscheiterLiese2020, author = {Gholiagha, Sassan and Holzscheiter, Anna and Liese, Andrea}, title = {Activating norm collisions}, series = {Global constitutionalism}, volume = {9}, journal = {Global constitutionalism}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2045-3817}, doi = {10.1017/S2045381719000388}, pages = {290 -- 317}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This article puts forward a constructivist-interpretivist approach to interface conflicts that emphasises how international actors articulate and problematise norm collisions in discursive and social interactions. Our approach is decidedly agency-oriented and follows the Special Issue's interest in how interface conflicts play out at the micro-level. The article advances several theoretical and methodological propositions on how to identify norm collisions and the conditions under which they become the subject of international debate. Our argument on norm collisions, understood as situations in which actors perceive two norms as incompatible with each other, is threefold. First, we claim that agency matters to the analysis of the emergence, dynamics, management, and effects of norm collisions in international politics. Second, we propose to differentiate between dormant (subjectively perceived) and open norm collisions (intersubjectively shared). Third, we contend that the transition from dormant to open - which we term activation - depends on the existence of certain scope conditions concerning norm quality as well as changes in power structures and actor constellations. Empirically, we study norm collisions in the area of international drug control, presenting the field as one that contains several cases of dormant and open norm collisions, including those that constitute interface conflicts. For our in-depth analysis we have chosen the international discourse on coca leaf chewing. With this case, we not only seek to demonstrate the usefulness of our constructivist-interpretivist approach but also aim to explain under which conditions dormant norm collisions evolve into open collisions and even into interface conflicts.}, language = {en} } @article{JansenKolesnikov2020, author = {Jansen, Sabine and Kolesnikov, Leonid}, title = {Activity expansions for Gibbs correlation functions}, series = {Lectures in pure and applied mathematics}, journal = {Lectures in pure and applied mathematics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-485-2}, issn = {2199-4951}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472121}, pages = {145 -- 154}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{BalkBehlLendlein2020, author = {Balk, Maria and Behl, Marc and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Actuators based on oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] with accelerated hydrolytic degradation}, series = {MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)}, volume = {5}, journal = {MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)}, number = {12-13}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {2059-8521}, doi = {10.1557/adv.2019.447}, pages = {655 -- 666}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Polyester-based shape-memory polymer actuators are multifunctional materials providing reversible macroscopic shape shifts as well as hydrolytic degradability. Here, the function-function interdependencies (between shape shifts and degradation behaviour) will determine actuation performance and its life time. In this work, glycolide units were incorporated in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) based actuator materials in order to achieve an accelerated hydrolytic degradation and to explore the function-function relationship. Three different oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] copolymers (OCGs) with similar molecular weights (10.5 +/- 0.5 kg center dot mol(-1)) including a glycolide content of 8, 16, and 26 mol\% (ratio 1:1:1 wt\%) terminated with methacrylated moieties were crosslinked. The obtained actuators provided a broad melting transition in the range from 27 to 44 degrees C. The hydrolytic degradation of programmed OCG actuators (200\% of elongation) resulted in a reduction of sample mass to 51 wt\% within 21 days at pH = 7.4 and 40 degrees C. Degradation results in a decrease of T-m associated to the actuating units and increasing T-m associated to the skeleton forming units. The actuation capability decreased almost linear as function of time. After 11 days of hydrolytic degradation the shape-memory functionality was lost. Accordingly, a fast degradation behaviour as required, e.g., for actuator materials intended as implant material can be realized.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020, author = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael Armin and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer}, title = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions}, series = {Addiction Biology}, volume = {25}, journal = {Addiction Biology}, number = {2}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, address = {New Jersey}, pages = {6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.}, language = {en} } @article{Linker2020, author = {Linker, Torsten}, title = {Addition of Heteroatom Radicals to endo-Glycals}, series = {Chemistry}, volume = {2}, journal = {Chemistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2624-8549}, doi = {10.3390/chemistry2010008}, pages = {80 -- 92}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Radical reactions have found many applications in carbohydrate chemistry, especially in the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. The formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds has been less intensively studied. This mini-review will summarize the efforts to add heteroatom radicals to unsaturated carbohydrates like endo-glycals. Starting from early examples, developed more than 50 years ago, the importance of such reactions for carbohydrate chemistry and recent applications will be discussed. After a short introduction, the mini-review is divided in sub-chapters according to the heteroatoms halogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The mechanisms of radical generation by chemical or photochemical processes and the subsequent reactions of the radicals at the 1-position will be discussed. This mini-review cannot cover all aspects of heteroatom-centered radicals in carbohydrate chemistry, but should provide an overview of the various strategies and future perspectives}, language = {en} } @article{SmirnovKronbergDalyetal.2020, author = {Smirnov, Artem G. and Kronberg, Elena A. and Daly, Patrick W. and Aseev, Nikita and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Kellerman, Adam C.}, title = {Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long-Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies}, series = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics}, volume = {125}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, address = {New Jersey}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The Cluster mission has produced a large data set of electron flux measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere since its launch in late 2000. Electron fluxes are measured using Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector (RAPID)/Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) detector as a function of energy, pitch angle, spacecraft position, and time. However, no adiabatic invariants have been calculated for Cluster so far. In this paper we present a step-by-step guide to calculations of adiabatic invariants and conversion of the electron flux to phase space density (PSD) in these coordinates. The electron flux is measured in two RAPID/IES energy channels providing pitch angle distribution at energies 39.2-50.5 and 68.1-94.5 keV in nominal mode since 2004. A fitting method allows to expand the conversion of the differential fluxes to the range from 40 to 150 keV. Best data coverage for phase space density in adiabatic invariant coordinates can be obtained for values of second adiabatic invariant, K, similar to 10(2), and values of the first adiabatic invariant mu in the range approximate to 5-20 MeV/G. Furthermore, we describe the production of a new data product "LSTAR," equivalent to the third adiabatic invariant, available through the Cluster Science Archive for years 2001-2018 with 1-min resolution. The produced data set adds to the availability of observations in Earth's radiation belts region and can be used for long-term statistical purposes.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightWachs2020, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Adolescents' Cyber Victimization}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17041293}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender and gender stereotype traits (masculinity, femininity) in cyber victimization behaviors (cyber relational victimization, cyber verbal victimization, hacking) through different technologies (mobile phones, gaming consoles, social networking sites). There were 456 8th graders (226 females; M age = 13.66, SD = 0.41) from two midwestern middle schools in the United States included in this study. They completed questionnaires on their endorsement of masculine and feminine traits, and self-reported cyber victimization through different technologies. The findings revealed main effects of types of cyber victimization for boys and of technology for girls. In particular, boys with feminine traits experienced the most victimization by cyber verbal aggression, cyber relational aggression, and hacking when compared to the other groups of boys. Girls with feminine traits experienced the most cyber victimization through social networking sites, gaming consoles, and mobile phones in comparison to the other groups of girls. For girls with feminine traits, they reported more cyber relational victimization and cyber verbal victimization through mobile phones and social networking sites, as well as more hacking via social networking sites. Such findings underscore the importance of considering gender stereotype traits, types of victimization, and technologies when examining cyber victimization.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightWachsHuang2020, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and Huang, Zheng}, title = {Adolescents' Popularity-Motivated Aggression and Prosocial Behaviors: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Social Status Insecurity}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606865}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As competition over peer status becomes intense during adolescence, some adolescents develop insecure feelings regarding their social standing among their peers (i.e., social status insecurity). These adolescents sometimes use aggression to defend or promote their status. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among social status insecurity, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and popularity-motivated aggression and prosocial behaviors among adolescents, while controlling for gender. Another purpose was to examine the potential moderating role of CU traits in these relationships. Participants were 1,047 (49.2\% girls; Mage = 12.44 years; age range from 11 to 14 years) in the 7th or 8th grades from a large Midwestern city. They completed questionnaires on social status insecurity, CU traits, and popularity-motivated relational aggression, physical aggression, cyberaggression, and prosocial behaviors. A structural regression model was conducted, with gender as a covariate. The model had adequate fit. Social status insecurity was associated positively with callousness, unemotional, and popularity-motivated aggression and related negatively to popularity-motivated prosocial behaviors. High social status insecurity was related to greater popularity-motivated aggression when adolescents had high callousness traits. The findings have implications for understanding the individual characteristics associated with social status insecurity.}, language = {en} } @article{UmlandtFeldmannSchnecketal.2020, author = {Umlandt, Maren and Feldmann, David and Schneck, Emanuel and Santer, Svetlana and Bekir, Marek}, title = {Adsorption of photoresponsive surfactants at solid-liquid interfaces}, series = {Langmuir}, volume = {36}, journal = {Langmuir}, number = {46}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02545}, pages = {14009 -- 14018}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We report on the adsorption kinetics of azoben-zene-containing surfactants on solid surfaces of different hydrophobicity. The understanding of this processes is of great importance for many interfacial phenomena that can be actuated and triggered by light, since the surfactant molecules contain a photoresponsive azobenzene group in their hydrophobic tail. Three surfactant types are studied, differing in the spacer connecting the headgroup and the azobenzene unit by between 6 and 10 CH2 groups. Under irradiation with light of a suitable wavelength, the azobenzene undergoes reversible photoisomerization between two states, a nonpolar trans-state and a highly polar cis-state. Consequently, the surfactant molecule changes its hydrophobicity and thus affinity to a surface depending on the photoisomerization state of the azobenzene. The adsorption behavior on hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (TeflonAF) surfaces is analyzed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and zeta-potential measurements. At equilibrium, the adsorbed surfactant amount is almost twice as large on glass compared to TeflonAF for both isomers. The adsorption rate for the trans-isomers on both surfaces is similar, but the desorption rate of the trans-isomers is faster at the glass-water interface than at the Teflon-water interface. This result demonstrates that the trans-isomers have higher affinity for the glass surface, so the trans-to-cis ratios on glass and TeflonAF are 80/1 and 2/1, respectively, with similar trends for all three surfactant types.}, language = {en} } @article{EvsevleevPaciornikBruno2020, author = {Evsevleev, Sergei and Paciornik, Sidnei and Bruno, Giovanni}, title = {Advanced deep learning-based 3D microstructural characterization of multiphase metal matrix composites}, series = {Advanced engineering materials}, volume = {22}, journal = {Advanced engineering materials}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1438-1656}, doi = {10.1002/adem.201901197}, pages = {6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The quantitative analysis of microstructural features is a key to understanding the micromechanical behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs), which is a premise for their use in practice. Herein, a 3D microstructural characterization of a five-phase MMC is performed by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). A workflow for advanced deep learning-based segmentation of all individual phases in SXCT data is shown using a fully convolutional neural network with U-net architecture. High segmentation accuracy is achieved with a small amount of training data. This enables extracting unprecedently precise microstructural parameters (e.g., volume fractions and particle shapes) to be input, e.g., in micromechanical models.}, language = {en} } @article{RamachandranRupakhetiLawrence2020, author = {Ramachandran, Srikanthan and Rupakheti, Maheswar and Lawrence, Mark}, title = {Aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate decreases over South and East Asia as a result of changing content and composition}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {10}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {[London]}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-76936-z}, pages = {17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Aerosol emissions from human activities are extensive and changing rapidly over Asia. Model simulations and satellite observations indicate a dipole pattern in aerosol emissions and loading between South Asia and East Asia, two of the most heavily polluted regions of the world. We examine the previously unexplored diverging trends in the existing dipole pattern of aerosols between East and South Asia using the high quality, two-decade long ground-based time series of observations of aerosol properties from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), from satellites (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)), and from model simulations (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The data cover the period since 2001 for Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia), two locations taken as being broadly representative of the respective regions. Since 2010 a dipole in aerosol optical depth (AOD) is maintained, but the trend is reversed-the decrease in AOD over Beijing (East Asia) is rapid since 2010, being 17\% less in current decade compared to first decade of twenty-first century, while the AOD over South Asia increased by 12\% during the same period. Furthermore, we find that the aerosol composition is also changing over time. The single scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of aerosol's absorption capacity and related to aerosol composition, is slightly higher over Beijing than Kanpur, and has increased from 0.91 in 2002 to 0.93 in 2017 over Beijing and from 0.89 to 0.92 during the same period over Kanpur, confirming that aerosols in this region have on an average become more scattering in nature. These changes have led to a notable decrease in aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate (HR) over both regions between the two decades, decreasing considerably more over East Asia (- 31\%) than over South Asia (- 9\%). The annual mean HR is lower now, it is still large (>= 0.6 K per day), which has significant climate implications. The seasonal trends in AOD, SSA and HR are more pronounced than their respective annual trends over both regions. The seasonal trends are caused mainly by the increase/decrease in anthropogenic aerosol emissions (sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon) while the natural aerosols (dust and sea salt) did not change significantly over South and East Asia during the last two decades. The MERRA-2 model is able to simulate the observed trends in AODs well but not the magnitude, while it also did not simulate the SSA values or trends well. These robust findings based on observations of key aerosol parameters and previously unrecognized diverging trends over South and East Asia need to be accounted for in current state-of-the-art climate models to ensure accurate quantification of the complex and evolving impact of aerosols on the regional climate over Asia.}, language = {en} } @article{TimmeBrand2020, author = {Timme, Sinika and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Affect and exertion during incremental physical exercise: Examining changes using automated facial action analysis and experiential self-report}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {15}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {2}, publisher = {PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science}, address = {San Francisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0228739}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Recent research indicates that affective responses during exercise are an important determinant of future exercise and physical activity. Thus far these responses have been measured with standardized self-report scales, but this study used biometric software for automated facial action analysis to analyze the changes that occur during physical exercise. A sample of 132 young, healthy individuals performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer. During that test the participants' faces were video-recorded and the changes were algorithmically analyzed at frame rate (30 fps). Perceived exertion and affective valence were measured every two minutes with established psychometric scales. Taking into account anticipated inter-individual variability, multilevel regression analysis was used to model how affective valence and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) covaried with movement in 20 facial action areas. We found the expected quadratic decline in self-reported affective valence (more negative) as exercise intensity increased. Repeated measures correlation showed that the facial action mouth open was linked to changes in (highly intercorrelated) affective valence and RPE. Multilevel trend analyses were calculated to investigate whether facial actions were typically linked to either affective valence or RPE. These analyses showed that mouth open and jaw drop predicted RPE, whereas (additional) nose wrinkle was indicative for the decline in affective valence. Our results contribute to the view that negative affect, escalating with increasing exercise intensity, may be the body's essential warning signal that physiological overload is imminent. We conclude that automated facial action analysis provides new options for researchers investigating feelings during exercise. In addition, our findings offer physical educators and coaches a new way of monitoring the affective state of exercisers, without interrupting and asking them.}, language = {en} } @article{KulahciogluMelo2020, author = {Kulahcioglu, Tugba and Melo, Gerard de}, title = {Affect-aware word clouds}, series = {ACM transactions on interactive intelligent systems}, volume = {10}, journal = {ACM transactions on interactive intelligent systems}, number = {4}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {2160-6455}, doi = {10.1145/3370928}, pages = {25}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Word clouds are widely used for non-analytic purposes, such as introducing a topic to students, or creating a gift with personally meaningful text. Surveys show that users prefer tools that yield word clouds with a stronger emotional impact. Fonts and color palettes are powerful typographical signals that may determine this impact. Typically, these signals are assigned randomly, or expected to be chosen by the users. We present an affect-aware font and color palette selection methodology that aims to facilitate more informed choices. We infer associations of fonts with a set of eight affects, and evaluate the resulting data in a series of user studies both on individual words as well as in word clouds. Relying on a recent study to procure affective color palettes, we carry out a similar user study to understand the impact of color choices on word clouds. Our findings suggest that both fonts and color palettes are powerful tools contributing to the affects evoked by a word cloud. The experiments further confirm that the novel datasets we propose are successful in enabling this. We also find that, for the majority of the affects, both signals need to be congruent to create a stronger impact. Based on this data, we implement a prototype that allows users to specify a desired affect and recommends congruent fonts and color palettes for the word.}, language = {en} } @article{GarbunoInigoNueskenReich2020, author = {Garbuno-Inigo, Alfredo and N{\"u}sken, Nikolas and Reich, Sebastian}, title = {Affine invariant interacting Langevin dynamics for Bayesian inference}, series = {SIAM journal on applied dynamical systems}, volume = {19}, journal = {SIAM journal on applied dynamical systems}, number = {3}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1536-0040}, doi = {10.1137/19M1304891}, pages = {1633 -- 1658}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We propose a computational method (with acronym ALDI) for sampling from a given target distribution based on first-order (overdamped) Langevin dynamics which satisfies the property of affine invariance. The central idea of ALDI is to run an ensemble of particles with their empirical covariance serving as a preconditioner for their underlying Langevin dynamics. ALDI does not require taking the inverse or square root of the empirical covariance matrix, which enables application to high-dimensional sampling problems. The theoretical properties of ALDI are studied in terms of nondegeneracy and ergodicity. Furthermore, we study its connections to diffusion on Riemannian manifolds and Wasserstein gradient flows. Bayesian inference serves as a main application area for ALDI. In case of a forward problem with additive Gaussian measurement errors, ALDI allows for a gradient-free approximation in the spirit of the ensemble Kalman filter. A computational comparison between gradient-free and gradient-based ALDI is provided for a PDE constrained Bayesian inverse problem.}, language = {en} } @article{Wagner2020, author = {Wagner, Rolf}, title = {Aktuelle deutsche Rechtsprechung zur EuErbVO}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erbrecht und Verm{\"o}gensnachfolge}, volume = {27}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erbrecht und Verm{\"o}gensnachfolge}, number = {4}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0945-4969}, pages = {204 -- 209}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Mit der Erbrechtsverordnung (EuErbVO) hat der Europ{\"a}ische Gesetzgeber in vielerlei Hinsicht juristisches Neuland betreten. Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, dass die Instanzgerichte immer wieder mit der Auslegung dieser facettenreichen Verordnung befasst sind. Nachdem nunmehr bereits die erste Entscheidung des BGH zur EuErbVO vorliegt, gibt der folgende Beitrag einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die aktuelle deutsche Rechtsprechung zu dieser Verordnung (einschließlich des IntErbRVG).}, language = {de} } @article{Wagner2020, author = {Wagner, Rolf}, title = {Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Zivilsachen}, series = {Neue juristische Wochenschrift}, volume = {73}, journal = {Neue juristische Wochenschrift}, number = {26}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0341-1915}, pages = {1864 -- 1870}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Ankn{\"u}pfend an den letztj{\"a}hrigen Bericht des Autors (Wagner NJW 2019, NJW Jahr 2019 Seite 1782) informiert dieser Beitrag die Praxis {\"u}ber die j{\"u}ngsten rechtsvereinheitlichenden Arbeiten in Br{\"u}ssel in der justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Zivilsachen sowie {\"u}ber den Stand der deutschen „Begleitgesetzgebung". Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird die aktuelle Rechtsprechung des EuGH zur justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Zivilsachen vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @article{RebitschekWagner2020, author = {Rebitschek, Felix G. and Wagner, Gert G.}, title = {Akzeptanz von assistiven Robotern im Pflege- und Gesundheitsbereich}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gerontologie und Geriatrie}, volume = {53}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gerontologie und Geriatrie}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer Medizin}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0948-6704}, doi = {10.1007/s00391-020-01780-9}, pages = {637 -- 643}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Angesichts der Alterung der Gesellschaft und der hohen Kosten f{\"u}r die Unterst{\"u}tzung und Pflege in privaten Haushalten stellt sich die Frage, welche Rolle assistive Roboter spielen k{\"o}nnen. Dieser Beitrag richtet sich auf die Frage, inwieweit Roboter in der Pflege heute von der erwachsenen Bev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland akzeptiert werden. Und inwieweit beeinflussen Geschlecht, Alter und Erfahrung (beruflich, pers{\"o}nlich) das Ausmaß dieser Akzeptanz? Die durchgef{\"u}hrten Auswertungen beruhen auf drei repr{\"a}sentativen Erhebungen mit insgesamt {\"u}ber 7000 Befragten. Zwei Erhebungen fanden in der 2. Jahresh{\"a}lfte 2017 im Auftrag der Deutschen Akademie der Technikwissenschaften (acatech) und des Lebensversicherers ERGO statt, die dritte Erhebung im Auftrag des Sachverst{\"a}ndigenrats f{\"u}r Verbraucherfragen (SVRV) im Fr{\"u}hjahr 2018. Eine vertiefte und kumulative Auswertung dieser Erhebungen und Datens{\"a}tze, die von den Autoren mitkonzipiert wurden, im Hinblick auf assistive Robotik ist bislang noch nicht ver{\"o}ffentlicht. Trotz unterschiedlicher erfragter Einsatzszenarien f{\"u}r Roboter in der Pflege stimmen die Ergebnisse aller 3 Erhebungen erstaunlich {\"u}berein: In Deutschland gibt es eine signifikante Minderheit von Menschen, die bereits jetzt eine funktionierende Betreuung von Robotern akzeptieren w{\"u}rden - sofern dadurch menschliche Pflege nicht ersetzt, sondern nur unterst{\"u}tzt w{\"u}rde. Ein gutes Drittel, das nach Alter und Geschlecht differenziert ist, lehnt die Assistenz durch Roboter grunds{\"a}tzlich ab.}, language = {de} } @article{NeufeldBobrovaDavletovetal.2020, author = {Neufeld, Maria and Bobrova, Anastacia and Davletov, Kairat and Stelemekas, Mindaugas and Stoppel, Relika and Ferreira-Borges, Carina and Breda, Joao and Rehm, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Alcohol control policies in Former Soviet Union countries}, series = {Drug and alcohol review}, volume = {40}, journal = {Drug and alcohol review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0959-5236}, doi = {10.1111/dar.13204}, pages = {350 -- 367}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Issues The last Soviet anti-alcohol campaign of 1985 resulted in considerably reduced alcohol consumption and saved thousands of lives. But once the campaign's policies were abandoned and the Soviet alcohol monopoly broken up, a steep rise in mortality was observed in many of the newly formed successor countries, although some kept their monopolies. Almost 30 years after the campaign's end, the region faces diverse challenges in relation to alcohol. Approach The present narrative review sheds light on recent drinking trends and alcohol policy developments in the 15 Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, highlighting the most important setbacks, achievements and best practices. Vignettes of alcohol control policies in Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania and Uzbekistan are presented to illustrate the recent developments.
Key Findings Over the past decade, drinking levels have declined in almost all FSU countries, paralleled by the introduction of various alcohol-control measures. The so-called three 'best buys' put forward by the World Health Organization to reduce alcohol-attributable burden (taxation and other measures to increase price, restrictions on alcohol availability and marketing) are relatively well implemented across the countries. Implications In recent years, evidence-based alcohol policies have been actively implemented as a response to the enormous alcohol-attributable burden in many of the countries, although there is big variance across and within different jurisdictions. Conclusion Strong declines in alcohol consumption were observed in the 15 FSU countries, which have introduced various alcohol control measures in recent years, resulting in a reduction of alcohol consumption in the World Health Organization European region overall.}, language = {en} } @article{Ette2020, author = {Ette, Ottmar}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt}, series = {Offene Horizonte : Sch{\"a}tze zu Humboldts Reisewegen}, journal = {Offene Horizonte : Sch{\"a}tze zu Humboldts Reisewegen}, publisher = {Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim}, address = {Pforzheim}, isbn = {978-3-933924-25-4}, pages = {130 -- 131}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Ette2020, author = {Ette, Ottmar}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt}, series = {Offene Horizonte : Sch{\"a}tze zu Humboldts Reisewegen}, journal = {Offene Horizonte : Sch{\"a}tze zu Humboldts Reisewegen}, publisher = {Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim}, address = {Pforzheim}, isbn = {978-3-933924-25-4}, pages = {20 -- 21}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{Schladebach2020, author = {Schladebach, Marcus}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt als V{\"o}lkerrechtler}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XXI}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {40}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47359}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473591}, pages = {99 -- 117}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Alexander von Humboldt bet{\"a}tigte sich in unterschiedlichsten Wissensbereichen und vielen Disziplinen. Obwohl er nat{\"u}rlich kein Jurist war, hat er sich vielfach mit Problemen befasst, die zu seinen Lebzeiten und danach zu grundlegenden Fragen des in der Entstehung begriffenen V{\"o}lkerrechts avancierten. So besch{\"a}ftigte er sich mit dem Verbot der Sklaverei und der Abschaffung der Rassendiskriminierung, mit der Fixierung von territorialen Grenzen von Staaten, mit Seegrenzen, der F{\"o}rderung des Welthandels und der Hoheitsgewalt im Luft- und im Weltraum. Viele dieser Fragen wurden sp{\"a}ter in internationalen Vertr{\"a}gen kodifiziert, weshalb man Humboldt als Vordenker des V{\"o}lkerrechts bezeichnen kann. Diese von der internationalen Humboldt-Forschung bislang nicht als Forschungsfeld erkannte Dimension seines Wirkens wird nachfolgend erstmals vertiefend beleuchtet.}, language = {de} } @article{Ette2020, author = {Ette, Ottmar}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt oder der st{\"a}ndige Impuls}, series = {Das Jubil{\"a}umsjahr 2019 : Tagungen in Leipzig und Berlin}, journal = {Das Jubil{\"a}umsjahr 2019 : Tagungen in Leipzig und Berlin}, publisher = {Humboldt-Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Wissenschaft, Kunst und Bildung e.V.}, address = {Mannheim}, isbn = {978-3-940456-93-6}, pages = {115 -- 126}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Cruz2020, author = {Cruz, C{\´a}ndido Manuel Garc{\´i}a}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt y los f{\´o}siles inorg{\´a}nicos de las islas canarias}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, volume = {XXI}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, number = {40}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2568-3543}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47349}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473499}, pages = {15 -- 33}, year = {2020}, abstract = {En su breve visita a Canarias a finales del siglo XVIII, Alexander von Humboldt realiz{\´o} interesantes observaciones sobre la geolog{\´i}a de estas Islas. En relaci{\´o}n con los f{\´o}siles inorg{\´a}nicos, es decir, rocas y minerales, sus apreciaciones se enmarcan en sus estudios realizados en la Bergakademie de Freiberg, bajo la direcci{\´o}n de A. G. Werner, dentro del Neptunismo, y en sus experiencias en Am{\´e}rica e Italia. Aplic{\´o} en Canarias la universalidad de las formaciones geol{\´o}gicas wernerianas, algunas de las cuales crey{\´o}, err{\´o}neamente, haber observado en Tenerife, como la presencia de granitos o gneises. Humboldt estaba convencido de que el basalto era de origen volc{\´a}nico, y no se hab{\´i}a formado por precipitaci{\´o}n acuosa. Ser{\´i}a as{\´i} uno de los m{\´a}s influyentes desertores del Neptunismo, y suscit{\´o} la visita a Canarias de numerosos ge{\´o}logos a lo largo del siglo XIX.}, language = {es} } @article{Stottmeister2020, author = {Stottmeister, Ulrich Karl Bernd}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt zur „Weberei der Alten": „Ich habe die Entdekkung gemacht….!"}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XXI}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {41}, editor = {Ette, Ottmar and Knobloch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2568-3543}, doi = {10.18443/297}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-488375}, pages = {107 -- 154}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Im Jahre 1789 hatte Alexander von Humboldt als Student in G{\"o}ttingen mit großem Enthusiasmus ein Manuskript zur „Weberei der Alten" verfasst. Es war das Ziel seiner Studie, die Technologie und die Terminologie der antiken Weberei zu erfassen und beide Gebiete vereint darzustellen. Dieses Manuskript ist nicht ver{\"o}ffentlicht worden und gilt als verschollen. Alexander von Humboldt hatte offenbar neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen, denen er so große Bedeutung beimaß, dass er den Verlust seines Manuskriptes noch {\"u}ber 50 Jahre nach dessen Abfassung bedauerte. Humboldt benennt gl{\"u}cklicherweise in {\"u}berlieferten Briefen verschiedene Grundgedanken seiner damaligen Arbeit. In der vorliegenden Studie wird unter Einbeziehung aktueller technikhistorischer Erkenntnisse nachgewiesen, dass der junge Alexander von Humboldt das f{\"u}r alle Webtechniken g{\"u}ltige Prinzip in seinen Grundz{\"u}gen erkannt hatte.}, language = {de} } @article{Seemann2020, author = {Seemann, J{\"o}rn}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt's Search for the Casiquiare Canal}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XXI}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {41}, editor = {Ette, Ottmar and Knobloch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2568-3543}, doi = {10.18443/298}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-488363}, pages = {77 -- 106}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Though Humboldt's travels to the Americas have been analyzed from a wide range of viewpoints, there are specific aspects that still await further investigation. Little is written about Humboldt in the field, specifically how he moved between different locations and simultaneously measured and mapped places and phenomena. The aim of this article is to discuss the triad movement-measure-ment-map that led to the development of specific practices of knowledge building on the move. Humboldt's search for the connections between the watersheds of the Orinoco and the Amazon rivers and the resulting maps and drawings are used as an example to point out his cartographic impulse in his quest to understand and explain the physical world.}, language = {en} } @article{IzraylitHommesSchattmannNeffeetal.2020, author = {Izraylit, Victor and Hommes-Schattmann, Paul Jacob and Neffe, Axel T. and Gould, Oliver E. C. and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Alkynyl-functionalized chain-extended PCL for coupling to biological molecules}, series = {European polymer journal}, volume = {136}, journal = {European polymer journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0014-3057}, doi = {10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109908}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Chemical functionalization of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) enables a molecular integration of additional function. Here, we report an approach to incorporate reactive alkynyl side-groups by synthesizing a chain-extended PCL, where the reactive site is introduced through the covalently functionalizable chain extender 3 (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)propane-1,2-diol (YPD). Chain-extended PCL with M-w of 101 to 385 kg.mol(-1) were successfully synthesized in a one-pot reaction from PCL-diols with various molar masses, L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (LDI) or trimethyl(hexamethylene)diisocyanate (TMDI), and YPD, in which the density of functionalizable groups and spacing between them can be controlled by the composition of the polymer. The employed diisocyanate compounds and YPD possess an asymmetric structure and form a non-crystallizable segment leaving the PCL crystallites to dominate the material's mechanical properties. The mixed glass transition temperature T-g = - 60 to - 46 degrees C of the PCL/polyurethane amorphous phase maintains the synthesized materials in a highly elastic state at ambient and physiological conditions. Reaction conditions for covalent attachment in copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne-cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC) in solution were optimized in a series of model reactions between the alkyne moieties of the chain-extended PCL and benzyl azide, reaching conversions over 95\% of the alkyne moieties and with yields of up to 94\% for the purified functionalized PCL. This methodology was applied for reaction with the azide-functionalized cell adhesion peptide GRGDS. The required modification of the peptide provides selectivity in the coupling reactions. The obtained results suggest that YPD could potentially be employed as versatile molecular unit for the creation of a variety of functionalizable polyesters as well as polyurethanes and polycarbonates offering efficient and selective click-reactions.}, language = {en} }