@article{SchenkeSchjeidePuescheletal.2020, author = {Schenke, Maren and Schjeide, Brit-Maren and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Seeger, Bettina}, title = {Analysis of motor neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells for the use in cell-based Botulinum neurotoxin activity assays}, series = {Toxins}, volume = {12}, journal = {Toxins}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6651}, doi = {10.3390/toxins12050276}, pages = {20}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins produced by bacteria, which inhibit neurotransmitter release, specifically in their physiological target known as motor neurons (MNs). For the potency assessment of BoNTs produced for treatment in traditional and aesthetic medicine, the mouse lethality assay is still used by the majority of manufacturers, which is ethically questionable in terms of the 3Rs principle. In this study, MNs were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells based on three published protocols. The resulting cell populations were analyzed for their MN yield and their suitability for the potency assessment of BoNTs. MNs produce specific gangliosides and synaptic proteins, which are bound by BoNTs in order to be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is followed by cleavage of specific soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins required for neurotransmitter release. The presence of receptors and substrates for all BoNT serotypes was demonstrated in MNs generated in vitro. In particular, the MN differentiation protocol based on Du et al. yielded high numbers of MNs in a short amount of time with high expression of BoNT receptors and targets. The resulting cells are more sensitive to BoNT/A1 than the commonly used neuroblastoma cell line SiMa. MNs are, therefore, an ideal tool for being combined with already established detection methods.}, language = {en} } @article{KocPetrowThieken2020, author = {Koc, Gamze and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {Analysis of the most severe flood events in Turkey (1960-2014)}, series = {Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, volume = {12}, journal = {Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w12061562}, pages = {32}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.}, language = {en} } @article{KocPetrowThieken2020, author = {Ko{\c{c}}, Gamze and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {Analysis of the Most Severe Flood Events in Turkey (1960-2014)}, series = {Water}, volume = {12}, journal = {Water}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w12061562}, pages = {32}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.}, language = {en} } @article{MunyaevSmirnovKostinetal.2020, author = {Munyaev, Vyacheslav O. and Smirnov, Lev A. and Kostin, Vasily A. and Osipov, Grigory V. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Analytical approach to synchronous states of globally coupled noisy rotators}, series = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, volume = {22}, journal = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/ab6f93}, pages = {14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We study populations of globally coupled noisy rotators (oscillators with inertia) allowing a nonequilibrium transition from a desynchronized state to a synchronous one (with the nonvanishing order parameter). The newly developed analytical approaches resulted in solutions describing the synchronous state with constant order parameter for weakly inertial rotators, including the case of zero inertia, when the model is reduced to the Kuramoto model of coupled noise oscillators. These approaches provide also analytical criteria distinguishing supercritical and subcritical transitions to the desynchronized state and indicate the universality of such transitions in rotator ensembles. All the obtained analytical results are confirmed by the numerical ones, both by direct simulations of the large ensembles and by solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation. We also propose generalizations of the developed approaches for setups where different rotators parameters (natural frequencies, masses, noise intensities, strengths and phase shifts in coupling) are dispersed.}, language = {en} } @article{MunyaevSmirnovKostinetal.2020, author = {Munyaev, Vyacheslav and Smirnov, Lev A. and Kostin, Vasily and Osipov, Grigory V. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Analytical approach to synchronous states of globally coupled noisy rotators}, series = {New Journal of Physics}, volume = {22}, journal = {New Journal of Physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {New York}, pages = {15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We study populations of globally coupled noisy rotators (oscillators with inertia) allowing a nonequilibrium transition from a desynchronized state to a synchronous one (with the nonvanishing order parameter). The newly developed analytical approaches resulted in solutions describing the synchronous state with constant order parameter for weakly inertial rotators, including the case of zero inertia, when the model is reduced to the Kuramoto model of coupled noise oscillators. These approaches provide also analytical criteria distinguishing supercritical and subcritical transitions to the desynchronized state and indicate the universality of such transitions in rotator ensembles. All the obtained analytical results are confirmed by the numerical ones, both by direct simulations of the large ensembles and by solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation. We also propose generalizations of the developed approaches for setups where different rotators parameters (natural frequencies, masses, noise intensities, strengths and phase shifts in coupling) are dispersed.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangYangJomaaetal.2020, author = {Zhang, Xiaolin and Yang, Xiaoqiang and Jomaa, Seifeddine and Rode, Michael}, title = {Analyzing impacts of seasonality and landscape gradient on event-scale nitrate-discharge dynamics based on nested high-frequency monitoring}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {591}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125585}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Increasingly available high-frequency data during storm events, when hydrological dynamics most likely activate nitrate storage-flux exchanges, reveal insights into catchment nitrate dynamics. In this study, we explored impacts of seasonality and landscape gradients on nitrate concentration-discharge (C-Q) hysteresis patterns in the Selke catchment, central Germany, which has heterogeneous combinations of meteorological, hydrogeological and land use conditions. Three nested gauging stations established along the main Selke River captured flow and nitrate export dynamics from the uppermost subcatchment (mixed forest and arable land), middle subcatchment (pure steep forest) and lowermost subcatchment (arable and urban land). We collected continuous high-frequency (15-min) discharge and nitrate concentration data from 2012 to 2017 and analyzed the 223 events detected at all three stations. A dominant hysteresis pattern in the uppermost and middle subcatchments was counter-clockwise and combined with an accretion effect, indicating many proximal and mobilized distal nitrate sources. However, 66\% of all events at the catchment outlet experienced a dilution effect, possibly due to mechanisms that vary seasonally. During wetting/wet periods (October-March), it was combined mainly with a counter-clockwise pattern due to the dominance of event runoff volume from the uppermost and middle subcatchments. During drying/dry periods (April-September), however, it was combined mainly with a clockwise pattern due to occasional quick surface flows from lowland near-stream urban areas. In addition, the clockwise hysteresis occurred mainly from May-October during mostly drying/dry periods at all three sites, indicating little distal nitrate transport in response to the low terrestrial hydrological connectivity, especially in the lowermost dry and flat sub-catchment. This comprehensive analysis (i.e., clockwise vs. counter-clockwise, accretion vs. dilution) enables in-depth analysis of nitrate export mechanisms during certain periods under different landscape conditions. Specific combination of C-Q relationships could identify target locations for agricultural management actions that decrease nitrate output. Therefore, we strongly encourage long-term multisite and high-frequency monitoring strategies in heterogeneous nested catchment(s), which can help understand process mechanisms, generate data for physical-based water-quality modeling and provide guidance for water and agricultural management.}, language = {en} } @article{PaijmansBarlowHennebergeretal.2020, author = {Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Barlow, Axel and Henneberger, Kirstin and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Hofreiter, Michael and Foerste, Daniel W. G.}, title = {Ancestral mitogenome capture of the Southeast Asian banded linsang}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {15}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {6}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco, California, US}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0234385}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Utilising a reconstructed ancestral mitochondrial genome of a clade to design hybridisation capture baits can provide the opportunity for recovering mitochondrial sequences from all its descendent and even sister lineages. This approach is useful for taxa with no extant close relatives, as is often the case for rare or extinct species, and is a viable approach for the analysis of historical museum specimens. Asiatic linsangs (genus Prionodon) exemplify this situation, being rare Southeast Asian carnivores for which little molecular data is available. Using ancestral capture we recover partial mitochondrial genome sequences for seven banded linsangs (P. linsang) from historical specimens, representing the first intraspecific genetic dataset for this species. We additionally assemble a high quality mitogenome for the banded linsang using shotgun sequencing for time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis. This reveals a deep divergence between the two Asiatic linsang species (P. linsang, P. pardicolor), with an estimated divergence of ~12 million years (Ma). Although our sample size precludes any robust interpretation of the population structure of the banded linsang, we recover two distinct matrilines with an estimated tMRCA of ~1 Ma. Our results can be used as a basis for further investigation of the Asiatic linsangs, and further demonstrate the utility of ancestral capture for studying divergent taxa without close relatives.}, language = {en} } @article{Lehnert2020, author = {Lehnert, Gertrud}, title = {Andere R{\"a}ume : Pupenh{\"a}user}, series = {Materielle Miniaturen : zur {\"A}sthetik der Verkleinerung}, journal = {Materielle Miniaturen : zur {\"A}sthetik der Verkleinerung}, publisher = {K{\"o}nigshausen \& Neumann}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-8260-6679-5}, pages = {57 -- 74}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Steinroetter2020, author = {Steinr{\"o}tter, Bj{\"o}rn}, title = {Anforderungen an die Einwilligung des Internetnutzers beim Setzen und Auslesen von Cookies}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r das Privatrecht der Europ{\"a}ischen Union}, volume = {17}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r das Privatrecht der Europ{\"a}ischen Union}, number = {3}, publisher = {Dr. Otto Schmidt}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, issn = {2364-7205}, doi = {10.9785/gpr-2020-170303}, pages = {106 -- 111}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{DuffusSchrapersSchuthetal.2020, author = {Duffus, Benjamin R. and Schrapers, Peer and Schuth, Nils and Mebs, Stefan and Dau, Holger and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Haumann, Michael}, title = {Anion binding and oxidative modification at the molybdenum cofactor of formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy}, series = {Inorganic chemistry}, volume = {59}, journal = {Inorganic chemistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {0020-1669}, doi = {10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01613}, pages = {214 -- 225}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzymes are versatile catalysts for CO2 conversion. The FDH from Rhodobacter capsulatus contains a molybdenum cofactor with the dithiolene functions of two pyranopterin guanine dinucleotide molecules, a conserved cysteine, and a sulfido group bound at Mo(VI). In this study, we focused on metal oxidation state and coordination changes in response to exposure to O-2, inhibitory anions, and redox agents using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Mo K-edge. Differences in the oxidative modification of the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor relative to samples prepared aerobically without inhibitor, such as variations in the relative numbers of sulfido (Mo=S) and oxo (Mo=O) bonds, were observed in the presence of azide (N-3(-)) or cyanate (OCN-). Azide provided best protection against O-2, resulting in a quantitatively sulfurated cofactor with a displaced cysteine ligand and optimized formate oxidation activity. Replacement of the cysteine ligand by a formate (HCO2-) ligand at the molybdenum in active enzyme is compatible with our XAS data. Cyanide (CN-) inactivated the enzyme by replacing the sulfido ligand at Mo(VI) with an oxo ligand. Evidence that the sulfido group may become protonated upon molybdenum reduction was obtained. Our results emphasize the role of coordination flexibility at the molybdenum center during inhibitory and catalytic processes of FDH enzymes.}, language = {en} } @article{GlatzelNoackSchanzenbachetal.2020, author = {Glatzel, Julia and Noack, Sebastian and Schanzenbach, Dirk and Schlaad, Helmut}, title = {Anionic polymerization of dienes in 'green' solvents}, series = {Polymer international}, volume = {70}, journal = {Polymer international}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0959-8103}, doi = {10.1002/pi.6152}, pages = {181 -- 184}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Isoprene and beta-myrcene were polymerized by anionic polymerization in bulk and in the 'green' ether solvents cyclopentyl methyl ether and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and, for comparison, in cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran. The polydienes produced in bulk and in cyclohexane contained high amounts of 1,4 units (>90\%) whereas those produced in ether solvents were rich in 1,2 and 3,4 units (36\%-86\%). Comparison of the microstructures and glass transition temperatures of the polydienes obtained in the various solvents suggests that conventionally used solvents can be substituted by environmentally more friendly alternatives.}, language = {en} } @article{Lampart2020, author = {Lampart, Fabian}, title = {Anmerkungen zum Konzept der Funktionslosigkeit in Lyrikdebatten der 1950er und 1960er Jahre}, series = {Grundfragen der Lyrikologie. Bd. 2. Begriffe, Methoden und Analysedimensionen}, journal = {Grundfragen der Lyrikologie. Bd. 2. Begriffe, Methoden und Analysedimensionen}, editor = {Hillebrandt, Claudia and Klimek, Sonja and M{\"u}ller, Ralph and Zymner, R{\"u}diger}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin, Boston}, isbn = {978-3-11-045687-5}, pages = {177 -- 195}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{HartmannPreickAbeltetal.2020, author = {Hartmann, Stefanie and Preick, Michaela and Abelt, Silke and Scheffel, Andr{\´e} and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Annotated genome sequences of the carnivorous plant Roridula gorgonias and a non-carnivorous relative, Clethra arborea}, series = {BMC Research Notes}, volume = {13}, journal = {BMC Research Notes}, publisher = {Biomed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1756-0500}, doi = {10.1186/s13104-020-05254-4}, pages = {6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective Plant carnivory is distributed across the tree of life and has evolved at least six times independently, but sequenced and annotated nuclear genomes of carnivorous plants are currently lacking. We have sequenced and structurally annotated the nuclear genome of the carnivorous Roridula gorgonias and that of a non-carnivorous relative, Madeira's lily-of-the-valley-tree, Clethra arborea, both within the Ericales. This data adds an important resource to study the evolutionary genetics of plant carnivory across angiosperm lineages and also for functional and systematic aspects of plants within the Ericales. Results Our assemblies have total lengths of 284 Mbp (R. gorgonias) and 511 Mbp (C. arborea) and show high BUSCO scores of 84.2\% and 89.5\%, respectively. We used their predicted genes together with publicly available data from other Ericales' genomes and transcriptomes to assemble a phylogenomic data set for the inference of a species tree. However, groups of orthologs showed a marked absence of species represented by a transcriptome. We discuss possible reasons and caution against combining predicted genes from genome- and transriptome-based assemblies.}, language = {en} } @article{BrunelloAndermannMarcetal.2020, author = {Brunello, Camilla Francesca and Andermann, Christoff and Marc, Odin and Schneider, Katharina A. and Comiti, Francesco and Achleitner, Stefan and Hovius, Niels}, title = {Annually resolved monsoon onset and withdrawal dates across the Himalayas derived from local precipitation statistics}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {47}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {23}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2020GL088420}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A local and flexible definition of the monsoon season based on hydrological evidence is important for the understanding and management of Himalayan water resources. Here, we present an objective statistical method to retrieve seasonal hydrometeorological transitions. Applied to daily rainfall data (1951-2015), this method shows an average longitudinal delay of similar to 15 days, with later monsoon onset and earlier withdrawal in the western Himalaya, consistent with the continental progression of wet air masses. This delay leads to seasons of different length along the Himalaya and biased precipitation amounts when using uniform calendric monsoon boundaries. In the Central Himalaya annual precipitation has increased, due primarily to an increase of premonsoon precipitation. These findings highlight issues associated with a static definition of monsoon boundaries and call for a deeper understanding of nonmonsoonal precipitation over the Himalayan water tower.
Plain Language Summary Precipitation in the Himalayas determines water availability for the Indian foreland with large socioeconomic implications. Despite its importance, spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation are poorly understood. Here, we estimate the long-term average and trends of seasonal precipitation at the scale of individual catchments draining the Himalayas. We apply a statistical method to detect the timing of hydrometeorological seasons from local precipitation measurements, focusing on monsoon onset and withdrawal. We identify longitudinal and latitudinal delays, resulting in seasons of different length along and across the Himalayas. These spatial patterns and the annual variability of the monsoon boundaries mean that oft-used, fixed calendric dates, for example, 1 June to 30 September, may be inadequate for retrieving monsoon rainfall totals. Moreover, we find that, despite its prominent contribution to annual rainfall totals, the Indian summer monsoon cannot explain the increase of the annual precipitation over the Central Himalayas. Instead, this appears to be mostly driven by changes in premonsoon and winter rainfall. So far, little attention has been paid to premonsoon precipitation, but governed by evaporative processes and surface water availability, it may be enhanced by irrigation and changed land use in the Gangetic foreland.}, language = {en} } @article{WangCherstvyLiuetal.2020, author = {Wang, Wei and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Liu, Xianbin and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Anomalous diffusion and nonergodicity for heterogeneous diffusion processes with fractional Gaussian noise}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {102}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2470-0045}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.102.012146}, pages = {012146-1 -- 012146-16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Heterogeneous diffusion processes (HDPs) feature a space-dependent diffusivity of the form D(x) = D-0|x|(alpha). Such processes yield anomalous diffusion and weak ergodicity breaking, the asymptotic disparity between ensemble and time averaged observables, such as the mean-squared displacement. Fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with its long-range correlated yet Gaussian increments gives rise to anomalous and ergodic diffusion. Here, we study a combined model of HDPs and FBM to describe the particle dynamics in complex systems with position-dependent diffusivity driven by fractional Gaussian noise. This type of motion is, inter alia, relevant for tracer-particle diffusion in biological cells or heterogeneous complex fluids. We show that the long-time scaling behavior predicted theoretically and by simulations for the ensemble-and time-averaged mean-squared displacements couple the scaling exponents alpha of HDPs and the Hurst exponent H of FBM in a characteristic way. Our analysis of the simulated data in terms of the rescaled variable y similar to |x|(1/(2/(2-alpha)))/t(H) coupling particle position x and time t yields a simple, Gaussian probability density function (PDF), PHDP-FBM(y) = e(-y2)/root pi. Its universal shape agrees well with theoretical predictions for both uni- and bimodal PDF distributions.}, language = {en} } @article{Bezzenberger2020, author = {Bezzenberger, Tilman}, title = {Anschauungsf{\"a}lle zur Unm{\"o}glichkeit der Leistung im gegenseitigen Vertrag}, series = {Jura : juristische Ausbildung}, volume = {42}, journal = {Jura : juristische Ausbildung}, number = {4}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0170-1452}, doi = {10.1515/jura-2019-2350}, pages = {378 -- 383}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die folgenden Fallstudien wollen Standardwissen zu klassischen Themen des allgemeinen Schuldrechts in Erinnerung rufen und vor allem die Systematik der Falll{\"o}sung deutlich machen. Man darf sich nicht dazu verleiten lassen, alles auf einmal l{\"o}sen zu wollen, sondern muss auf die einzelnen Anspr{\"u}che blicken und sich fragen: (1) Was wird aus dem prim{\"a}ren Erf{\"u}llungsanspruch auf die gest{\"o}rte Leistung? (2) Gibt es Schadensersatzanspr{\"u}che, die als Sekund{\"a}ranspr{\"u}che an die Stelle des Prim{\"a}ranspruchs oder neben ihn treten? Und schließlich (3): Was ist mit dem Anspruch auf die Gegenleistung? Vom Schwierigkeitsgrad her ist das Folgende ungef{\"a}hr im Bereich einer gehobenen Zwischenpr{\"u}fungsklausur anzusiedeln.}, language = {de} } @article{LinkeWoesleHarder2020, author = {Linke, Christian and W{\"o}sle, Markus and Harder, Anja}, title = {Anti-cancer agent 3-bromopyruvate reduces growth of MPNST and inhibits metabolic pathways in a representative in-vitro model}, series = {BMC cancer}, volume = {20}, journal = {BMC cancer}, number = {1}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2407}, doi = {10.1186/s12885-020-07397-w}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background Anticancer compound 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) suppresses cancer cell growth via targeting glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a very aggressive, therapy resistant, and Neurofibromatosis type 1 associated neoplasia, shows a high metabolic activity and affected patients may therefore benefit from 3-BrPA treatment. To elucidate the specific mode of action, we used a controlled cell model overexpressing proteasome activator (PA) 28, subsequently leading to p53 inactivation and oncogenic transformation and therefore reproducing an important pathway in MPNST and overall tumor pathogenesis. Methods Viability of MPNST cell lines S462, NSF1, and T265 in response to increasing doses (0-120 mu M) of 3-BrPA was analyzed by CellTiter-Blue (R) assay. Additionally, we investigated viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (dihydroethidium assay), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity (NADH-TR assay) and lactate production (lactate assay) in mouse B8 fibroblasts overexpressing PA28 in response to 3-BrPA application. For all experiments normal and nutrient deficient conditions were tested. MPNST cell lines were furthermore characterized immunohistochemically for Ki67, p53, bcl2, bcl6, cyclin D1, and p21. Results MPNST significantly responded dose dependent to 3-BrPA application, whereby S462 cells were most responsive. Human control cells showed a reduced sensitivity. In PA28 overexpressing cancer cell model 3-BrPA application harmed mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity mildly and significantly failed to inhibit lactate production. PA28 overexpression was associated with a functional glycolysis as well as a partial resistance to stress provoked by nutrient deprivation. 3-BrPA treatment was not associated with an increase of ROS. Starvation sensitized MPNST to treatment. Conclusions Aggressive MPNST cells are sensitive to 3-BrPA therapy in-vitro with and without starvation. In a PA28 overexpression cancer cell model leading to p53 inactivation, thereby reflecting a key molecular feature in human NF1 associated MPNST, known functions of 3-BrPA to block mitochondrial activity and glycolysis were reproduced, however oncogenic cells displayed a partial resistance. To conclude, 3-BrPA was sufficient to reduce NF1 associated MPNST viability potentially due inhibition of glycolysis which should lead to the initiation of further studies and promises a potential benefit for NF1 patients.}, language = {en} } @article{Holl2020, author = {Holl, Bernhard}, title = {Antij{\"u}dische Polemik unter falscher Flagge}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Religions- und Geistesgeschichte}, volume = {72}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Religions- und Geistesgeschichte}, number = {4}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {0044-3441}, doi = {10.1163/15700739-07204004}, pages = {412 -- 424}, year = {2020}, abstract = {For the longest time historians have treated the infamous Libelo de Sevilla (1480) as an authentic document of the heresy of "Judaizing" allegedly wide spread among the so-called marrano or converso population. However, a closer look however reveals that the pamphlet is much more likely to be the fabrication of Old Christian agitators aiming to discredit both converts from Judaism and their allies.}, language = {de} } @article{ChepkiruiOchiengSarkaretal.2020, author = {Chepkirui, Carolyne and Ochieng, Purity J. and Sarkar, Biswajyoti and Hussain, Aabid and Pal, Chiranjib and Yang, Li Jun and Coghi, Paolo and Akala, Hoseah M. and Derese, Solomon and Ndakala, Albert and Heydenreich, Matthias and Wong, Vincent K. W. and Erdelyi, Mate and Yenesew, Abiy}, title = {Antiplasmodial and antileishmanial flavonoids from Mundulea sericea}, series = {Fitoterapia}, volume = {149}, journal = {Fitoterapia}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0367-326X}, doi = {10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104796}, pages = {6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Five known compounds (1-5) were isolated from the extract of Mundulea sericea leaves. Similar investigation of the roots of this plant afforded an additional three known compounds (6-8). The structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was established using ECD spectroscopy. In an antiplasmodial activity assay, compound 1 showed good activity with an IC50 of 2.0 mu M against chloroquine-resistant W2, and 6.6 mu M against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Some of the compounds were also tested for antileishmanial activity. Dehydrolupinifolinol (2) and sericetin (5) were active against drug-sensitive Leishmania donovani (MHOM/IN/83/AG83) with IC50 values of 9.0 and 5.0 mu M, respectively. In a cytotoxicity assay, lupinifolin (3) showed significant activity on BEAS-2B (IC50 4.9 mu M) and HePG2 (IC50 10.8 mu M) human cell lines. All the other compounds showed low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 30 mu M) against human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), human liver cancer cells (HepG2), lung/bronchus cells (epithelial virus transformed) (BEAS-2B) and immortal human hepatocytes (LO2)}, language = {en} } @article{AscheArnold2020, author = {Asche, Matthias and Arnold, Matthieu}, title = {Anton Schindling (1947-2020)}, series = {Francia : Forschungen zur westeurop{\"a}ischen Geschichte}, journal = {Francia : Forschungen zur westeurop{\"a}ischen Geschichte}, number = {47}, publisher = {Thorbecke}, address = {Ostfildern}, isbn = {978-3-7995-8147-9}, doi = {10.11588/fr.2020.0.75750}, pages = {501 -- 503}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Ette2020, author = {Ette, Ottmar}, title = {Anton Wilhelm Amo}, series = {Alexandria dein Magazin f{\"u}r Wissenschaft}, journal = {Alexandria dein Magazin f{\"u}r Wissenschaft}, number = {1}, publisher = {Verein f{\"u}r Wissenschaftskommunikation und zur F{\"o}rderung von Wissenschaftler_Innen}, address = {Wien}, pages = {17 -- 21}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Wagner2020, author = {Wagner, Rolf}, title = {Anwendbares Recht f{\"u}r zivilrechtliche Schadensersatzanspr{\"u}che aufgrund von Virusinfektionen}, series = {COVID-19 und alle Rechtsfragen zur Corona-Krise}, volume = {1}, journal = {COVID-19 und alle Rechtsfragen zur Corona-Krise}, number = {14}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {2700-3051}, pages = {738 -- 742}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In dieser Zeitschrift ist bereits darauf hingewiesen worden, dass eine Person, die mit dem Sars-CoV-2-Virus infiziert worden ist, in bestimmten F{\"a}llen daran denken kann, gegen die Person, die sie infiziert hat, oder gegen eine andere Person einen zivilrechtlichen Schadensersatzanspruch geltend zu machen. zur Fussnote 1 Derartige Schadensersatzanspr{\"u}che k{\"o}nnen sich aus der Nichtbeachtung von Hygiene-, Abstands- und Quarant{\"a}neregelungen sowie von Regelungen zum Mund- und Nasenschutz ergeben. Im Vorbericht zur Fussnote 2 ist bereits gekl{\"a}rt worden, welche Gerichte anzurufen sind, wenn der Sachverhalt eine Auslandsber{\"u}hrung aufweist. Mit der Bestimmung des international zust{\"a}ndigen Gerichts hat es in diesen Sachverhalten aber nicht schon sein Bewenden. Denn wenn das zust{\"a}ndige Gericht feststeht, darf dieses nicht sogleich pr{\"u}fen, ob der geltend gemachte Schadensersatzanspruch besteht. Vielmehr muss es in Sachverhalten mit Auslandsber{\"u}hrung erst einmal ermitteln, welches Recht auf den Schadensersatzanspruch anwendbar ist. Der folgende Beitrag widmet sich dieser Frage. Die Ausf{\"u}hrungen sind nicht nur f{\"u}r die Geltendmachung von Schadensersatzanspr{\"u}chen aufgrund Infektionen mit dem Sars-CoV-2-Virus von Nutzen, sondern auch dann, wenn zuk{\"u}nftig zivilrechtliche Schadensersatzanspr{\"u}che aufgrund Infektionen mit anderen, ggfs. auch neu auftretenden, Viren geltend gemacht werden sollen.}, language = {de} } @article{ZiemannMadariaga2020, author = {Ziemann, Martin Andreas and Madariaga, Juan Manuel}, title = {Applications of Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology}, series = {Journal of Raman spectroscopy}, volume = {52}, journal = {Journal of Raman spectroscopy}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0377-0486}, doi = {10.1002/jrs.6054}, pages = {8 -- 14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The 10th edition of the International Congress on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA2019) was held in Potsdam (Germany) from 3 to 7 September 2019, with eight keynote lectures, 35 oral presentations and 18 Poster Presentations. The number of active participants was 68 delegates from 20 countries among the 236 authors that presented at least one work.}, language = {en} } @article{OlenBookhagen2020, author = {Olen, Stephanie M. and Bookhagen, Bodo}, title = {Applications of SAR interferometric coherence time series}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface}, volume = {125}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9003}, doi = {10.1029/2019JF005141}, pages = {22}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Sediment transport domains in mountain landscapes are characterized by fundamentally different processes and rates depending on several factors, including geology, climate, and biota. Accurately identifying where transitions between transport domains occur is an important step to quantify the past, present, and future contribution of varying erosion and sedimentation processes and enhance our predictive capabilities. We propose a new methodology based on time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric coherence images to map sediment transport regimes across arid and semiarid landscapes. Using 4 years of Sentinel-1 data, we analyze sediment transport regimes for the south-central Andes in northwestern Argentina characterized by steep topographic and climatic gradients. We observe seasonally low coherence during the regional wet season, particularly on hillslopes and in alluvial channels. The spatial distribution of coherence is compared to drainage areas extracted from digital topography to identify two distinct transitions within watersheds: (a) a hillslope-to-fluvial and (b) a fluvial-to-alluvial transition. While transitions within a given basin can be well-constrained, the relative role of each sediment transport domain varies widely over the climatic and topographic gradients. In semiarid regions, we observe larger relative contributions from hillslopes compared to arid regions. Across regional gradients, the range of coherence within basins positively correlates to previously published millennial catchment-wide erosion rates and to topographic metrics used to indicate long-term uplift. Our study suggests that a dense time series of interferometric coherence can be used as a proxy for surface sediment movement and landscape stability in vegetation-free settings at event to decadal timescales.}, language = {en} } @article{ZiebarthvonSpechtHeidbachetal.2020, author = {Ziebarth, Malte J. and von Specht, Sebastian and Heidbach, Oliver and Cotton, Fabrice and Anderson, John G.}, title = {Applying conservation of energy to estimate earthquake frequencies from strain rates and stresses}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {125}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2020JB020186}, pages = {25}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Estimating earthquake occurrence rates from the accumulation rate of seismic moment is an established tool of seismic hazard analysis. We propose an alternative, fault-agnostic approach based on the conservation of energy: the Energy-Conserving Seismicity Framework (ENCOS). Working in energy space has the advantage that the radiated energy is a better predictor of the damage potential of earthquake waves than the seismic moment release. In a region, ENCOS balances the stationary power available to cause earthquakes with the long-term seismic energy release represented by the energy-frequency distribution's first moment. Accumulation and release are connected through the average seismic efficiency, by which we mean the fraction of released energy that is converted into seismic waves. Besides measuring earthquakes in energy, ENCOS differs from moment balance essentially in that the energy accumulation rate depends on the total stress in addition to the strain rate tensor. To validate ENCOS, we exemplarily model the energy-frequency distribution around Southern California. We estimate the energy accumulation rate due to tectonic loading assuming poroelasticity and hydrostasis. Using data from the World Stress Map and assuming the frictional limit to estimate the stress tensor, we obtain a power of 0.8 GW. The uncertainty range, 0.3-2.0GW, originates mainly from the thickness of the seismogenic crust, the friction coefficient on preexisting faults, and models of Global Positioning System (GPS) derived strain rates. Based on a Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency distribution, this power can be distributed over a range of energies consistent with historical earthquake rates and reasonable bounds on the seismic efficiency.}, language = {en} } @article{vonSteinauSteinrueckJoeris2020, author = {von Steinau-Steinr{\"u}ck, Robert and J{\"o}ris, Nils}, title = {Arbeitsschutz bei Corona}, series = {NJW spezial}, volume = {17}, journal = {NJW spezial}, number = {12}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1613-4621}, pages = {370 -- 371}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Den {\"U}berblick im Arbeitsschutzrecht zu behalten, ist schwierig. Der Arbeitsschutz spielt sich in unterschiedlichen Bereichen und auf verschiedenen Ebenen ab. Außerdem sind die einschl{\"a}gigen Rechtsnormen {\"u}beraus ver{\"a}stelt. Der folgende Beitrag soll daher zur Entwirrung beitragen.}, language = {de} } @article{HoffmannWilbertLehoferetal.2020, author = {Hoffmann, Lisa and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen and Lehofer, Mike and Schwab, Susanne}, title = {Are we good friends?}, series = {European Journal of Special Needs Education}, volume = {36}, journal = {European Journal of Special Needs Education}, number = {4}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, pages = {16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Empirical studies already examined various facets of the friendship construct. Building on this, the present study examines the questions of how the number of friendships and their quality differ between students with and without SEN and whether a homophily-effect can be identified. The sample consists of 455 fourth-graders from 28 inclusive classes in Austria. The results indicate that students with SEN have fewer friends than students without SEN. Furthermore, students without SEN preferred peers without SEN as a friend. This homophily-effect was shown for students with SEN, too. However, students with and without SEN rated the quality of their friendships similarly and no interactions between the SEN status of oneself or of the friend was found for the quality of the friendship. The results show that, in the context of inclusion, the issue of friendship needs to be increasingly addressed to improve the situation of students with SEN.}, language = {en} } @article{NicenboimVasishthRoesler2020, author = {Nicenboim, Bruno and Vasishth, Shravan and R{\"o}sler, Frank}, title = {Are words pre-activated probabilistically during sentence comprehension?}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {142}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107427}, pages = {27}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Several studies (e.g., Wicha et al., 2003b; DeLong et al., 2005) have shown that readers use information from the sentential context to predict nouns (or some of their features), and that predictability effects can be inferred from the EEG signal in determiners or adjectives appearing before the predicted noun. While these findings provide evidence for the pre-activation proposal, recent replication attempts together with inconsistencies in the results from the literature cast doubt on the robustness of this phenomenon. Our study presents the first attempt to use the effect of gender on predictability in German to study the pre-activation hypothesis, capitalizing on the fact that all German nouns have a gender and that their preceding determiners can show an unambiguous gender marking when the noun phrase has accusative case. Despite having a relatively large sample size (of 120 subjects), both our preregistered and exploratory analyses failed to yield conclusive evidence for or against an effect of pre-activation. The sign of the effect is, however, in the expected direction: the more unexpected the gender of the determiner, the larger the negativity. The recent, inconclusive replication attempts by Nieuwland et al. (2018) and others also show effects with signs in the expected direction. We conducted a Bayesian random-ef-fects meta-analysis using our data and the publicly available data from these recent replication attempts. Our meta-analysis shows a relatively clear but very small effect that is consistent with the pre-activation account and demonstrates a very important advantage of the Bayesian data analysis methodology: we can incrementally accumulate evidence to obtain increasingly precise estimates of the effect of interest.}, language = {en} } @article{Neitzel2020, author = {Neitzel, S{\"o}nke}, title = {Armee der Einheit}, series = {Die politische Meinung}, volume = {65}, journal = {Die politische Meinung}, number = {564}, publisher = {Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung}, address = {Osnabr{\"u}ck}, issn = {0032-3446}, pages = {115 -- 118}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Lettl2020, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Art. 102 AEUV, \S 19 GWB und Rechtsbruch, insbesondere Verst{\"o}ße gegen AGB-Recht und Datenschutzrecht}, series = {Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis}, volume = {66}, journal = {Wettbewerb in Recht und Praxis}, number = {11}, publisher = {dfv-Mediengruppe}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, issn = {0172-049X}, pages = {1391 -- 1400}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{Thulin2020, author = {Thulin, Mirjam}, title = {Arthur Czellitzer (1871 - 1943) and the society for Jewish family research}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien = Transformative Translations in Jewish History and Culture}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien = Transformative Translations in Jewish History and Culture}, number = {26}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-493-7}, issn = {1614-6492}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-48553}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485534}, pages = {29 -- 42}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In 1924, the Berlin ophthalmologist Arthur Czellitzer (1871-1943) and like-minded members of the local Jewish community founded the Society for Jewish Family Research. A year later, the Society launched the journal J{\"u}dische Familienforschung (Jewish Family Research), edited by Czellitzer. The Society was an outstanding platform of professional academic and amateur researchers and promoted a type of Jewish genealogy and family history that was shaped by the historical-medical discourse of the time. The concepts and methods of both the biological sciences and Wissenschaft des Judentums shaped and defined the academic approach to family research and history in Czellitzer's and the Society's work. The Society soon became the leading international association for the academic Jewish genealogical research. Despite of its brutal end in 1938, Arthur Czellitzer's and the Society's works, the issues raised, and the methods they created shape Jewish family research and genealogy until today.}, language = {en} } @article{HerreroThorntonMasonD'Crozetal.2020, author = {Herrero, Mario and Thornton, Philip K. and Mason-D'Croz, Daniel and Palmer, Jeda and Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon and Pradhan, Prajal and Barrett, Christopher B. and Benton, Tim G. and Hall, Andrew and Pikaar, Ilje and Bogard, Jessica R. and Bonnett, Graham D. and Bryan, Brett A. and Campbell, Bruce M. and Christensen, Svend and Clark, Michael and Fanzo, Jessica and Godde, Cecile M. and Jarvis, Andy and Loboguerrero, Ana Maria and Mathys, Alexander and McIntyre, C. Lynne and Naylor, Rosamond L. and Nelson, Rebecca and Obersteiner, Michael and Parodi, Alejandro and Popp, Alexander and Ricketts, Katie and Smith, Pete and Valin, Hugo and Vermeulen, Sonja J. and Vervoort, Joost and van Wijk, Mark and van Zanten, Hannah H. E. and West, Paul C. and Wood, Stephen A. and Rockstr{\"o}m, Johan}, title = {Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals}, series = {The lancet Planetary health}, volume = {5}, journal = {The lancet Planetary health}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {2542-5196}, doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1}, pages = {E50 -- E62}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.}, language = {en} } @article{Wilkens2020, author = {Wilkens, Martin}, title = {AS TIME GOES BY. Rythmizit{\"a}t Zyklizit{\"a}t - Kategorien zeitlicher Stukturierung}, series = {Zyklizit{\"a}t \& Rhythmik: eine multidisziplin{\"a}re Vorlesungsreihe}, journal = {Zyklizit{\"a}t \& Rhythmik: eine multidisziplin{\"a}re Vorlesungsreihe}, publisher = {trafo}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-86464-169-5}, pages = {71 -- 84}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{SmithBookhagen2020, author = {Smith, Taylor and Bookhagen, Bodo}, title = {Assessing Multi-Temporal Snow-Volume Trends in High Mountain Asia From 1987 to 2016 Using High-Resolution Passive Microwave Data}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2020.559175}, pages = {13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {High Mountain Asia (HMA) is dependent upon both the amount and timing of snow and glacier meltwater. Previous model studies and coarse resolution (0.25° × 0.25°, ∼25 km × 25 km) passive microwave assessments of trends in the volume and timing of snowfall, snowmelt, and glacier melt in HMA have identified key spatial and seasonal heterogeneities in the response of snow to changes in regional climate. Here we use recently developed, continuous, internally consistent, and high-resolution passive microwave data (3.125 km × 3.125 km, 1987-2016) from the special sensor microwave imager instrument family to refine and extend previous estimates of changes in the snow regime of HMA. We find an overall decline in snow volume across HMA; however, there exist spatially contiguous regions of increasing snow volume—particularly during the winter season in the Pamir, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Kunlun Shan. Detailed analysis of changes in snow-volume trends through time reveal a large step change from negative trends during the period 1987-1997, to much more positive trends across large regions of HMA during the periods 1997-2007 and 2007-2016. We also find that changes in high percentile monthly snow-water volume exhibit steeper trends than changes in low percentile snow-water volume, which suggests a reduction in the frequency of high snow-water volumes in much of HMA. Regions with positive snow-water storage trends generally correspond to regions of positive glacier mass balances.}, language = {en} } @article{D'AscenzoLugliNicolettietal.2020, author = {D'Ascenzo, Stefania and Lugli, Luisa and Nicoletti, Roberto and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Assessing orienting of attention to understand the time course of mental calculation}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {21}, journal = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg ; Berlin}, issn = {1612-4782}, doi = {10.1007/s10339-020-00970-y}, pages = {493 -- 500}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Number processing induces spatial attention shifts to the left or right side for small or large numbers, respectively. This spatial-numerical association (SNA) extends to mental calculation, such that subtractions and additions induce left or right biases, respectively. However, the time course of activating SNAs during mental calculation is unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by measuring visual position discrimination during auditory calculation. Thirty-four healthy adults listened in each trial to five successive elements of arithmetic facts (first operand, operator, second operand, equal and result) and verbally classified their correctness. After each element (except for the result), a fixation dot moved equally often to either the left or right side and participants pressed left or right buttons to discriminate its movement direction (four times per trial). First and second operand magnitude (small/large), operation (addition/subtraction), result correctness (right/wrong) and movement direction (left/right) were balanced across 128 trials. Manual reaction times of dot movement discriminations were considered in relation to previous arithmetic elements. We found no evidence of early attentional shifts after first operand and operator presentation. Discrimination performance was modulated consistent with SNAs after the second operand, suggesting that attentional shifts occur once there is access to all elements necessary to complete an arithmetic operation. Such late-occurring attention shifts may reflect a combination of multiple element-specific biases and confirm their functional role in mental calculation.}, language = {en} } @article{JingKumarHesseetal.2020, author = {Jing, Miao and Kumar, Rohini and Heße, Falk and Thober, Stephan and Rakovec, Oldrich and Samaniego, Luis and Attinger, Sabine}, title = {Assessing the response of groundwater quantity and travel time distribution to 1.5, 2, and 3 °C global warming in a mesoscale central German basin}, series = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences}, volume = {24}, journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {Copernicus Publ.}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1607-7938}, doi = {10.5194/hess-24-1511-2020}, pages = {1511 -- 1526}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Groundwater is the biggest single source of high-quality freshwater worldwide, which is also continuously threatened by the changing climate. In this paper, we investigate the response of the regional groundwater system to climate change under three global warming levels (1.5, 2, and 3 ∘C) in a central German basin (N{\"a}gelstedt). This investigation is conducted by deploying an integrated modeling workflow that consists of a mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM) and a fully distributed groundwater model, OpenGeoSys (OGS). mHM is forced with climate simulations of five general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways. The diffuse recharges estimated by mHM are used as boundary forcings to the OGS groundwater model to compute changes in groundwater levels and travel time distributions. Simulation results indicate that groundwater recharges and levels are expected to increase slightly under future climate scenarios. Meanwhile, the mean travel time is expected to decrease compared to the historical average. However, the ensemble simulations do not all agree on the sign of relative change. Changes in mean travel time exhibit a larger variability than those in groundwater levels. The ensemble simulations do not show a systematic relationship between the projected change (in both groundwater levels and travel times) and the warming level, but they indicate an increased variability in projected changes with adjusting the enhanced warming level from 1.5 to 3 ∘C. Correspondingly, it is highly recommended to restrain the trend of global warming.}, language = {en} } @article{CavaelDiehlLentzsch2020, author = {Cavael, Ulrike and Diehl, Katharina and Lentzsch, Peter}, title = {Assessment of growth suppression in apple production with replant soils}, series = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}, volume = {109}, journal = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1470-160X}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105846}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Apple replant disease (ARD) is a specific apple-related form of soil fertility loss due to unidentified causes and is also known as soil fatigue. The effect typically appears in monoculture production sites and leads to production decreases of up to 50\%, even though the cultivation practice remains the same. However, an indication of replant disease is challenged by the lack of specification of the particular microbial group responsible for ARD. The objective of this study was to establish an algorithm for estimating growth suppression in orchards irrespective of the unknowns in the complex causal relationship by assessing plant-soil interaction in the orchard several years after planting. Based on a comparison between no-replant and replant soils, the Alternaria group (Ag) was identified as a soil-fungal population responding to replant with abundance. The trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) was found to be a practical and robust parameter representing below-ground and above-ground tree performance. Suppression of tree vigour was therefore calculated by dividing the two inversely related parameters, Q = ln(Ag)/CSA, as a function of soil-fungal proportions and plant responses at the single-tree level. On this basis, five clusters of tree vigour suppression (Q) were defined: (1) no tree vigour suppression/vital (0\%), (2) escalating (- 38\%), (3) strong (- 53\%), (4) very strong (- 62\%), and (5) critical (- 74\%). By calculating Q at the level of the single tree, trees were clustered according to tree vigour suppression. The weighted frequency of clusters in the field allowed replant impact to be quantified at field level. Applied to a case study on sandy brown, dry diluvial soils in Brandenburg, Germany, the calculated tree vigour suppression was 46\% compared to the potential tree vigour on no-replant soil in the same field. It is highly likely that the calculated growth suppression corresponds to ARD-impact This result is relevant for identifying functional changes in soil and for monitoring the economic effects of soil fatigue in apple orchards, particularly where long-period crop rotation or plot exchange are improbable.}, language = {en} } @article{CavaelDiehlLentzsch2020, author = {Cavael, Ulrike and Diehl, Katharina and Lentzsch, Peter}, title = {Assessment of growth suppression in apple production with replant soils}, series = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}, volume = {109}, journal = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1470-160X}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105846}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Apple replant disease (ARD) is a specific apple-related form of soil fertility loss due to unidentified causes and is also known as soil fatigue. The effect typically appears in monoculture production sites and leads to production decreases of up to 50\%, even though the cultivation practice remains the same. However, an indication of replant disease is challenged by the lack of specification of the particular microbial group responsible for ARD. The objective of this study was to establish an algorithm for estimating growth suppression in orchards irrespective of the unknowns in the complex causal relationship by assessing plant-soil interaction in the orchard several years after planting. Based on a comparison between no-replant and replant soils, the Alternaria group (Ag) was identified as a soil-fungal population responding to replant with abundance. The trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) was found to be a practical and robust parameter representing below-ground and above-ground tree performance. Suppression of tree vigour was therefore calculated by dividing the two inversely related parameters, Q = ln(Ag)/CSA, as a function of soil-fungal proportions and plant responses at the single-tree level. On this basis, five clusters of tree vigour suppression (Q) were defined: (1) no tree vigour suppression/vital (0\%), (2) escalating (- 38\%), (3) strong (- 53\%), (4) very strong (- 62\%), and (5) critical (- 74\%). By calculating Q at the level of the single tree, trees were clustered according to tree vigour suppression. The weighted frequency of clusters in the field allowed replant impact to be quantified at field level. Applied to a case study on sandy brown, dry diluvial soils in Brandenburg, Germany, the calculated tree vigour suppression was 46\% compared to the potential tree vigour on no-replant soil in the same field. It is highly likely that the calculated growth suppression corresponds to ARD-impact This result is relevant for identifying functional changes in soil and for monitoring the economic effects of soil fatigue in apple orchards, particularly where long-period crop rotation or plot exchange are improbable.}, language = {en} } @article{SaberiHosnijehCasabonneNietersetal.2020, author = {Saberi Hosnijeh, Fatemeh and Casabonne, Delphine and Nieters, Alexandra and Solans, Marta and Naudin, Sabine and Ferrari, Pietro and Mckay, James D. and Benavente, Yolanda and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Freisling, Heinz and Severi, Gianluca and Boutron Ruault, Marie-Christine and Besson, Caroline and Agnoli, Claudia and Masala, Giovanna and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Tumino, Rosario and Huerta, Jose Maria and Amiano, Pilar and Rodriguez-Barranco, Miguel and Bonet, Catalina and Barricarte, Aurelio and Christakoudi, Sofia and Knuppel, Anika and Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Kaaks, Rudolf and Canzian, Federico and Spath, Florentin and Jerkeman, Mats and Rylander, Charlotta and Tjonneland, Anne and Olsen, Anja and Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen and Vermeulen, Roel}, title = {Association between anthropometry and lifestyle factors and risk of B-cell lymphoma}, series = {International journal of cancer}, volume = {148}, journal = {International journal of cancer}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0020-7136}, doi = {10.1002/ijc.33369}, pages = {2115 -- 2128}, year = {2020}, abstract = {To better understand the role of individual and lifestyle factors in human disease, an exposome-wide association study was performed to investigate within a single-study anthropometry measures and lifestyle factors previously associated with B-cell lymphoma (BCL). Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study, 2402 incident BCL cases were diagnosed from 475 426 participants that were followed-up on average 14 years. Standard and penalized Cox regression models as well as principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate 84 exposures in relation to BCL risk. Standard and penalized Cox regression models showed a positive association between anthropometric measures and BCL and multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm (MM). The penalized Cox models additionally showed the association between several exposures from categories of physical activity, smoking status, medical history, socioeconomic position, diet and BCL and/or the subtypes. PCAs confirmed the individual associations but also showed additional observations. The PC5 including anthropometry, was positively associated with BCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and MM. There was a significant positive association between consumption of sugar and confectionary (PC11) and follicular lymphoma risk, and an inverse association between fish and shellfish and Vitamin D (PC15) and DLBCL risk. The PC1 including features of the Mediterranean diet and diet with lower inflammatory score showed an inverse association with BCL risk, while the PC7, including dairy, was positively associated with BCL and DLBCL risk. Physical activity (PC10) was positively associated with DLBCL risk among women. This study provided informative insights on the etiology of BCL.}, language = {en} } @article{AraziAsadiKhalkhalietal.2020, author = {Arazi, Hamid and Asadi, Abbas and Khalkhali, Farhood and Boullosa, Daniel and Hackney, Anthony C. and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Association Between the Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio and Injury Occurrence in Young Male Team Soccer Players}, volume = {11}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2020.00608}, pages = {7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), based upon participant session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), using two models [(1) rolling averages (ACWRRA); and (2) exponentially weighted moving averages (ACWREWMA)] and the injury rate in young male team soccer players aged 17.1 ± 0.7 years during a competitive mesocycle. Twenty-two players were enrolled in this study and performed four training sessions per week with 2 days of recovery and 1 match day per week. During each training session and each weekly match, training time and sRPE were recorded. In addition, training impulse (TRIMP), monotony, and strain were subsequently calculated. The rate of injury was recorded for each soccer player over a period of 4 weeks (i.e., 28 days) using a daily questionnaire. The results showed that over the course of the study, the number of non-contact injuries was significantly higher than that for contact injuries (2.5 vs. 0.5, p = 0.01). There were also significant positive correlations between sRPE and training time (r = 0.411, p = 0.039), ACWRRA (r = 0.47, p = 0.049), and ACWREWMA (r = 0.51, p = 0.038). In addition, small-to-medium correlations were detected between ACWR and non-contact injury occurrence (ACWRRA, r = 0.31, p = 0.05; ACWREWMA, r = 0.53, p = 0.03). Explained variance (r²) for non-contact injury was significantly greater using the ACWREWMA model (ranging between 21 and 52\%) compared with ACWRRA (ranging between 17 and 39\%). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the ACWREWMA model is more sensitive than ACWRRA to identify non-contact injury occurrence in male team soccer players during a short period in the competitive season.}, language = {en} } @article{AraziAsadiKhalkhalietal.2020, author = {Arazi, Hamid and Asadi, Abbas and Khalkhali, Farhood and Boullosa, Daniel and Hackney, Anthony C. and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Association Between the Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio and Injury Occurrence in Young Male Team Soccer Players}, series = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2020.00995}, pages = {7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), based upon participant session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), using two models [(1) rolling averages (ACWRRA); and (2) exponentially weighted moving averages (ACWREWMA)] and the injury rate in young male team soccer players aged 17.1 ± 0.7 years during a competitive mesocycle. Twenty-two players were enrolled in this study and performed four training sessions per week with 2 days of recovery and 1 match day per week. During each training session and each weekly match, training time and sRPE were recorded. In addition, training impulse (TRIMP), monotony, and strain were subsequently calculated. The rate of injury was recorded for each soccer player over a period of 4 weeks (i.e., 28 days) using a daily questionnaire. The results showed that over the course of the study, the number of non-contact injuries was significantly higher than that for contact injuries (2.5 vs. 0.5, p = 0.01). There were also significant positive correlations between sRPE and training time (r = 0.411, p = 0.039), ACWRRA (r = 0.47, p = 0.049), and ACWREWMA (r = 0.51, p = 0.038). In addition, small-to-medium correlations were detected between ACWR and non-contact injury occurrence (ACWRRA, r = 0.31, p = 0.05; ACWREWMA, r = 0.53, p = 0.03). Explained variance (r 2) for non-contact injury was significantly greater using the ACWREWMA model (ranging between 21 and 52\%) compared with ACWRRA (ranging between 17 and 39\%). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the ACWREWMA model is more sensitive than ACWRRA to identify non-contact injury occurrence in male team soccer players during a short period in the competitive season.}, language = {en} } @article{WachsGoerzigWrightetal.2020, author = {Wachs, Sebastian and G{\"o}rzig, Anke and Wright, Michelle F. and Schubarth, Wilfried and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations among Adolescents' Relationships with Parents, Peers, and Teachers, Self-Efficacy, and Willingness to Intervene in Bullying}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17020420}, pages = {16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We applied the Social Cognitive Theory to investigate whether parent-child relationships, bullying victimization, and teacher-student relationships are directly as well as indirectly via self-efficacy in social conflicts associated with adolescents' willingness to intervene in a bullying incident. There were 2071 (51.3\% male) adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 from 24 schools in Germany who participated in this study. A mediation test using structural equation modeling revealed that parent-child relationships, bullying victimization, and teacher-student relationships were directly related to adolescents' self-efficacy in social conflicts. Further, teacher-student relationships and bullying victimization were directly associated with adolescents' willingness to intervene in bullying. Finally, relationships with parents, peers and teachers were indirectly related to higher levels of students' willingness to intervene in bullying situations due to self-efficacy in social conflicts. Thus, our analysis confirms the general assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory and the usefulness of applying its approach to social conflicts such as bullying situations.}, language = {en} } @article{GranacherNobariRuivoAlvesetal.2020, author = {Granacher, Urs and Nobari, Hadi and Ruivo Alves, Ana and Clemente, Filipe Manuel and P{\´e}rez-G{\´o}mez, Jorge and Clark, Cain Craig Truman and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Associations Between Variations in Accumulated Workload and Physiological Variables in Young Male Soccer Players Over the Course of a Season}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2021.638180}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study sought to analyze the relationship between in-season training workload with changes in aerobic power (VO2max), maximum and resting heart rate (HRmax and HRrest), linear sprint medium (LSM), and short test (LSS), in soccer players younger than 16 years (under-16 soccer players). We additionally aimed to explain changes in fitness levels during the in-season through regression models, considering accumulated load, baseline levels, and peak height velocity (PHV) as predictors. Twenty-three male sub-elite soccer players aged 15.5 ± 0.2 years (PHV: 13.6 ± 0.4 years; body height: 172.7 ± 4.2 cm; body mass: 61.3 ± 5.6 kg; body fat: 13.7\% ± 3.9\%; VO2max: 48.4 ± 2.6 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1), were tested three times across the season (i.e., early-season (EaS), mid-season (MiS), and end-season (EnS) for VO2max, HRmax, LSM, and LSS. Aerobic and speed variables gradually improved over the season and had a strong association with PHV. Moreover, the HRmax demonstrated improvements from EaS to EnS; however, this was more evident in the intermediate period (from EaS to MiS) and had a strong association with VO2max. Regression analysis showed significant predictions for VO2max [F(2, 20) = 8.18, p ≤ 0.001] with an R2 of 0.45. In conclusion, the meaningful variation of youth players' fitness levels can be observed across the season, and such changes can be partially explained by the load imposed.}, language = {en} } @article{UrbachAwiszusLeissetal.2020, author = {Urbach, Dietmar and Awiszus, Friedemann and Leiß, Sven and Venton, Tamsin and De Specht, Alexander Vincent and Apfelbacher, Christian}, title = {Associations of medications with lower odds of typical COVID-19 symptoms}, series = {JMIR public health and surveillance}, volume = {6}, journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance}, number = {4}, publisher = {JMIR Publications}, address = {Toronto}, issn = {2369-2960}, doi = {10.2196/22521}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe, the search for an effective medication to treat the symptoms of COVID-19 continues as well. It would be desirable to identify a medication that is already in use for another condition and whose side effect profile and safety data are already known and approved. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different medications on typical COVID-19 symptoms by using data from an online surveillance survey. Methods: Between early April and late-July 2020, a total of 3654 individuals in Lower Saxony, Germany, participated in an online symptom-tracking survey conducted through the app covid-nein-danke.de. The questionnaire comprised items on typical COVID-19 symptoms, age range, gender, employment in patient-facing healthcare, housing status, postal code, previous illnesses, permanent medication, vaccination status, results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody tests for COVID-19 diagnosis, and consequent COVID-19 treatment if applicable. Odds ratio estimates with corresponding 95\% CIs were computed for each medication and symptom by using logistic regression models. Results: Data analysis suggested a statistically significant inverse relationship between typical COVID-19 symptoms self-reported by the participants and self-reported statin therapy and, to a lesser extent, antihypertensive therapy. When COVID-19 diagnosis was based on restrictive symptom criteria (ie, presence of 4 out of 7 symptoms) or a positive RT-PCR test, a statistically significant association was found solely for statins (odds ratio 0.28, 95\% CI 0.1-0.78). Conclusions: Individuals taking statin medication are more likely to have asymptomatic COVID-19, in which case they may be at an increased risk of transmitting the disease unknowingly. We suggest that the results of this study be incorporated into symptoms-based surveillance and decision-making protocols in regard to COVID-19 management. Whether statin therapy has a beneficial effect in combating COVID-19 cannot be deduced based on our findings and should be investigated by further study.}, language = {en} } @article{HelmPrieskeMuehlbaueretal.2020, author = {Helm, Norman and Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Retzlaff, Matthias and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Associations between trunk muscle strength and judo-specific pulling performances in judo athletes}, series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, volume = {34}, journal = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0932-0555}, doi = {10.1055/a-0677-9608}, pages = {18 -- 27}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: Good trunk stability is an important prerequisite for the mobility of the upper and lower limbs during sport-specific movements. Therefore, trunk muscle strength may represent an important performance determinant for judo-specific movements. This study aimed at evaluating statistical correlations between trunk muscle strength and kinetic parameters during judo-specific pulling movements in judo players. Method: Twenty-one male sub-elite judo players aged 22 +/- 4 years with a mean training volume of 15 +/- 4 hours per week participated in this study. Peak isokinetic torque (PIT) of the trunk flexors (PITFlex), extensors (PITEx) and rotators (PITRot) was tested using an isokinetic dynamometer (IsoMed 2000). In addition, two kinetic parameters (mechanical work [W], maximal force [F-max]) were analysed using the judo-specific measurement and information system JERGo (c). For this purpose, athletes were asked to do their judo-specific pulling movements while standing and with a dynamic change of position (i.e. Morote-seoi-nage). Results: Regarding pulling movements while standing, significant correlations (0.62 <= r(P) <= 0.72) were found between isokinetic tests (PITFlex, PITEx, PITRot) and mechanical work during judo-specific movement. Further, significant correlations (0.59 <= r(P) <= 0.65) were detected between isokinetic tests (PITEx, PITRot) and judo-specific pulling movements (Fmax). Regarding pulling movements with a change of position, significant correlations (0.47 <= r(P) <= 0.88) were observed between isokinetics (PITFlex, PITEx, PITRot) and the kinetic pulling parameters (W, Fmax), irrespective of the examined arm. No significant differences in magnitude of correlation coefficients were found between PIT of the trunk flexors, extensors, and rotators and judo-specific movements. Further, the regression analysis indicated that PIT of the trunk extensors is the single best predictor for mechanical work during pulling movements while standing (46.9 \%). Trunk rotator PIT is the single best predictor for mechanical work during pulling movements with a change of position (69.4 \%). Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that trunk muscle strength, particularly trunk rotator PIT is associated with kinetic pulling variables during pulling movements with a change of position. This implies that the development of trunk rotator strength could have an impact on pulling movements with a change of position (i.e. Morote-seoi-nage) in judo athletes.}, language = {de} } @article{LudewigRosenberger2020, author = {Ludewig, Matthias and Rosenberger, Elke}, title = {Asymptotic eigenfunctions for Schr{\"o}dinger operators on a vector bundle}, series = {Reviews in mathematical physics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Reviews in mathematical physics}, number = {7}, publisher = {World Scientific}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {0129-055X}, doi = {10.1142/S0129055X20500208}, pages = {28}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In the limit (h) over bar -> 0, we analyze a class of Schr{\"o}dinger operators H-(h) over bar = (h) over bar L-2 + (h) over barW + V .id(epsilon) acting on sections of a vector bundle epsilon over a Riemannian manifold M where L is a Laplace type operator, W is an endomorphism field and the potential energy V has a non-degenerate minimum at some point p is an element of M. We construct quasimodes of WKB-type near p for eigenfunctions associated with the low-lying eigenvalues of H-(h) over bar. These are obtained from eigenfunctions of the associated harmonic oscillator H-p,H-(h) over bar at p, acting on smooth functions on the tangent space.}, language = {en} } @article{LyTarkhanov2020, author = {Ly, Ibrahim and Tarkhanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič}, title = {Asymptotic expansions at nonsymmetric cuspidal points}, series = {Mathematical notes}, volume = {108}, journal = {Mathematical notes}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {New York}, issn = {0001-4346}, doi = {10.1134/S0001434620070238}, pages = {219 -- 228}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We study the asymptotics of solutions to the Dirichlet problem in a domain X subset of R3 whose boundary contains a singular point O. In a small neighborhood of this point, the domain has the form {z > root x(2) + y(4)}, i.e., the origin is a nonsymmetric conical point at the boundary. So far, the behavior of solutions to elliptic boundary-value problems has not been studied sufficiently in the case of nonsymmetric singular points. This problem was posed by V.A. Kondrat'ev in 2000. We establish a complete asymptotic expansion of solutions near the singular point.}, language = {en} } @article{CastinoBookhagenDelaTorre2020, author = {Castino, Fabiana and Bookhagen, Bodo and De la Torre, Alejandro}, title = {Atmospheric dynamics of extreme discharge events from 1979 to 2016 in the southern Central Andes}, series = {Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system}, volume = {55}, journal = {Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system}, number = {11-12}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-020-05458-1}, pages = {3485 -- 3505}, year = {2020}, abstract = {During the South-American Monsoon season, deep convective systems occur at the eastern flank of the Central Andes leading to heavy rainfall and flooding. We investigate the large- and meso-scale atmospheric dynamics associated with extreme discharge events (> 99.9th percentile) observed in two major river catchments meridionally stretching from humid to semi-arid conditions in the southern Central Andes. Based on daily gauge time series and ERA-Interim reanalysis, we made the following three key observations: (1) for the period 1940-2016 daily discharge exhibits more pronounced variability in the southern, semi-arid than in the northern, humid catchments. This is due to a smaller ratio of discharge magnitudes between intermediate (0.2 year return period) and rare events (20 year return period) in the semi-arid compared to the humid areas; (2) The climatological composites of the 40 largest discharge events showed characteristic atmospheric features of cold surges based on 5-day time-lagged sequences of geopotential height at different levels in the troposphere; (3) A subjective classification revealed that 80\% of the 40 largest discharge events are mainly associated with the north-northeastward migration of frontal systems and 2/3 of these are cold fronts, i.e. cold surges. This work highlights the importance of cold surges and their related atmospheric processes for the generation of heavy rainfall events and floods in the southern Central Andes.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightUlkeFontetal.2020, author = {Wright, Stephanie L. and Ulke, Jannis and Font, Anna and Chan, Ka Lung Andrew and Kelly, Frank J.}, title = {Atmospheric microplastic deposition in an urban environment and an evaluation of transport}, series = {Environment international}, volume = {136}, journal = {Environment international}, publisher = {Elsevier, Pergamon Press}, address = {New York, NY [u.a.]}, issn = {0160-4120}, doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2019.105411}, pages = {7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Microplastics are a global environmental issue contaminating aquatic and terrestrial environments. They have been reported in atmospheric deposition, and indoor and outdoor air, raising concern for public health due to the potential for exposure. Moreover, the atmosphere presents a new vehicle for microplastics to enter the wider environment, yet our knowledge of the quantities, characteristics and pathways of airborne microplastics is sparse. Here we show microplastics in atmospheric deposition in a major population centre, central London. Microplastics were found in all samples, with deposition rates ranging from 575 to 1008 microplastics/m(2)/d. They were found in various shapes, of which fibrous microplastics accounted for the great majority (92\%). Across all samples, 15 different petrochemical-based polymers were identified. Bivariate polar plots indicated dependency on wind, with different source areas for fibrous and non-fibrous airborne microplastics. This is the first evidence of airborne microplastics in London and confirms the need to include airborne pathways when consolidating microplastic impacts on the wider environment and human health.}, language = {en} } @article{MuehlenbeckPritschWartenburgeretal.2020, author = {M{\"u}hlenbeck, Cordelia Anna and Pritsch, Carla and Wartenburger, Isabell and Telkemeyer, Silke and Liebal, Katja}, title = {Attentional bias to facial expressions of different emotions}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00795}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The attentional bias to negative information enables humans to quickly identify and to respond appropriately to potentially threatening situations. Because of its adaptive function, the enhanced sensitivity to negative information is expected to represent a universal trait, shared by all humans regardless of their cultural background. However, existing research focuses almost exclusively on humans from Western industrialized societies, who are not representative for the human species. Therefore, we compare humans from two distinct cultural contexts: adolescents and children from Germany, a Western industrialized society, and from the not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om, semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers in Namibia. We predicted that both groups show an attentional bias toward negative facial expressions as compared to neutral or positive faces. We used eye-tracking to measure their fixation duration on facial expressions depicting different emotions, including negative (fear, anger), positive (happy), and neutral faces. Both Germans and the not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om gazed longer at fearful faces, but shorter on angry faces, challenging the notion of a general bias toward negative emotions. For happy faces, fixation durations varied between the two groups, suggesting more flexibility in the response to positive emotions. Our findings emphasize the need for placing research on emotion perception into an evolutionary, cross-cultural comparative framework that considers the adaptive significance of specific emotions, rather than differentiating between positive and negative information, and enables systematic comparisons across participants from diverse cultural backgrounds.}, language = {en} }