@article{CrozetHinzStammannetal.2021,
author = {Crozet, Matthieu and Hinz, Julian and Stammann, Amrei and Wanner, Joschka},
title = {Worth the pain?},
series = {European economic review},
volume = {134},
journal = {European economic review},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0014-2921},
doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103683},
pages = {31},
year = {2021},
abstract = {How do exporting firms react to sanctions? Specifically, which firms are willing — or capable — to serve the market of a sanctioned country? We investigate this question for four sanctions episodes using monthly data on the universe of French exporting firms. We draw on recent econometric advances in the estimation of dynamic fixed effects binary choice models. We find that the introduction of new sanctions in Iran and Russia significantly lowered firm-level probabilities of serving these sanctioned markets, while the (temporary) lifting of the U.S. sanctions on Cuba and the removal of sanctions against Myanmar had no or only small trade-inducing effects, respectively. Additionally, the impact of sanctions is very heterogeneous along firm dimensions and by case particularities. Firms that depend more on trade finance instruments are more strongly affected, while prior experience in the sanctioned country considerably softens the blow of sanctions, and firms can be partly immune to the sanctions effect if they are specialized in serving "crisis countries". Finally, we find suggestive evidence for sanctions avoidance by exporting indirectly via neighboring countries.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ZhuCottonKwaketal.2021,
author = {Zhu, Chuanbin and Cotton, Fabrice and Kwak, Dong-Youp and Ji, Kun and Kawase, Hiroshi and Pilz, Marco},
title = {Within-site variability in earthquake site response},
series = {Geophysical journal international},
volume = {229},
journal = {Geophysical journal international},
number = {2},
publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0956-540X},
doi = {10.1093/gji/ggab481},
pages = {1268 -- 1281},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The within-site variability in site response is the randomness in site response at a given site from different earthquakes and is treated as aleatory variability in current seismic hazard/risk analyses. In this study, we investigate the single-station variability in linear site response at K-NET and KiK-net stations in Japan using a large number of earthquake recordings. We found that the standard deviation of the horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratio at individual sites, that is single-station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) sigma sigma(HV,s), approximates the within-site variability in site response quantified using surface-to-borehole spectral ratios (for oscillator frequencies higher than the site fundamental frequency) or empirical ground-motion models. Based on this finding, we then utilize the single-station HVSR sigma as a convenient tool to study the site-response variability at 697 KiK-net and 1169 K-NET sites. Our results show that at certain frequencies, stiff, rough and shallow sites, as well as small and local events tend to have a higher sigma(HV,s). However, when being averaged over different sites, the single-station HVSR sigma, that is sigma(HV), increases gradually with decreasing frequency. In the frequency range of 0.25-25 Hz, sigma(HV) is centred at 0.23-0.43 in ln scales (a linear scale factor of 1.26-1.54) with one standard deviation of less than 0.1. sigma(HV) is quite stable across different tectonic regions, and we present a constant, as well as earthquake magnitude- and distance-dependent sigma(HV) models.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FernandezFernandezMoyaRamonSantosRosaetal.2021,
author = {Fernandez-Fernandez, Jaime and Moya-Ramon, Manuel and Santos-Rosa, Francisco Javier and Gantois, Petrus and Nakamura, Fabio Yuzo and Sanz-Rivas, David and Granacher, Urs},
title = {Within-session sequence of the tennis serve training in youth elite players},
series = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {18},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
number = {1},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {1660-4601},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18010244},
pages = {15},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The influence of muscular fatigue on tennis serve performance within regular training sessions is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the within-session sequence of the tennis serve in youth tennis. Twenty-five young male (14.9 +/- 0.9 years) and female (14.5 +/- 0.9 years) players participated in this within-subject crossover study, and they were randomly but sex-matched assigned to different training sequences (serve exercise before tennis training (BTS) or after tennis training (ATS)). Pre- and post-tests included serve velocity performance and accuracy, shoulder strength, and range-of-motion (ROM) performance (internal/external rotation). Results showed that after one week of serve training conducted following the ATS sequence, significant decreases were found in serve performance (e.g., speed and accuracy), with standardized differences ranging from d = 0.29 to 1.13, as well as the shoulder function (strength [d = 0.20 to 1.0] and ROM [d = 0.17 to 0.31]) in both female and male players, compared to the BTS sequence. Based on the present findings, it appears more effective to implement serve training before the regular tennis training in youth players. If applied after training, excessive levels of fatigue may cause shoulder imbalances that could be related to an increased injury risk.},
language = {en}
}
@article{CzapkaFestman2021,
author = {Czapka, Sophia and Festman, Julia},
title = {Wisconsin Card Sorting Test reveals a monitoring advantage but not a switching advantage in multilingual children},
series = {Journal of experimental child psychology : JECP},
volume = {204},
journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology : JECP},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0022-0965},
doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105038},
pages = {19},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is used to test higher-level executive functions or switching, depending on the measures chosen in a study and its goal. Many measures can be extracted from the WCST, but how to assign them to specific cognitive skills remains unclear. Thus, the current study first aimed at identifying which measures test the same cognitive abilities. Second, we compared the performance of mono- and multilingual children in the identified abilities because there is some evidence that bilingualism can improve executive functions. We tested 66 monolingual and 56 multilingual (i.e., bi- and trilingual) primary school children (M-age = 109 months) in an online version of the classic WCST. A principal component analysis revealed four factors: problem-solving, monitoring, efficient errors, and perseverations. Because the assignment of measures to factors is only partially coherent across the literature, we identified this as one of the sources of task impurity. In the second part, we calculated regression analyses to test for group differences while controlling for intelligence as a predictor for executive functions and for confounding variables such as age, German lexicon size, and socioeconomic status. Intelligence predicted problem solving and perseverations. In the monitoring component (measured by the reaction times preceding a rule switch), multilinguals outperformed monolinguals, thereby supporting the view that bi- or multilingualism can improve processing speed related to monitoring.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GosensGilmanovaLilliestam2021,
author = {Gosens, Jorrit and Gilmanova, Alina and Lilliestam, Johan},
title = {Windows of opportunity for catching up in formative clean-tech sectors and the rise of China in concentrated solar power},
series = {Environmental innovation and societal transitions},
volume = {39},
journal = {Environmental innovation and societal transitions},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2210-4224},
doi = {10.1016/j.eist.2021.03.005},
pages = {86 -- 106},
year = {2021},
abstract = {We analyse the potential for industry entry and catching up by latecomer countries or firms in formative sectors, by deriving a framework that builds on the concept of windows of opportunity for catching up. This framework highlights differences in technological, market, and institutional characteristics between formative and mature sectors, and elaborates how this may affect opportunities for catching up. We apply this framework to the global Concentrated Solar Power sector, in which China has rapidly narrowed the gap to the global forefront in terms of technological capabilities and market competitiveness. We find that the formative nature of the sector resulted in turbulent development of the technological, market, and institutional dimensions, making it more difficult for early leaders to retain leadership, and therefore easier for latecomer firms or countries to catch up. This signals an increased role in early-stage technology development in the next phase of the energy transition.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GluecklerHerzschuhKruseetal.2021,
author = {Gl{\"u}ckler, Ramesh and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Kruse, Stefan and Andreev, Andrei and Vyse, Stuart Andrew and Winkler, Bettina and Biskaborn, Boris and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Dietze, Elisabeth},
title = {Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record},
series = {Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union},
volume = {18},
journal = {Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union},
number = {13},
publisher = {Copernicus},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1726-4170},
doi = {10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021},
pages = {4185 -- 4209},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HeroldLieseBuschetal.2021,
author = {Herold, Jana and Liese, Andrea and Busch, Per-Olof and Feil, Hauke},
title = {Why national ministries consider the policy advice of international bureaucracies},
series = {International studies quarterly : the journal of the International Studies Association},
volume = {65},
journal = {International studies quarterly : the journal of the International Studies Association},
number = {3},
publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0020-8833},
doi = {10.1093/isq/sqab044},
pages = {669 -- 682},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Scholars of international relations and public administration widely assume that international bureaucracies, in their role as policy advisors, directly influence countries' domestic policies. Yet, this is not true across the board. Why do some countries closely consider the advice of international bureaucracies while others do not? This article argues that international bureaucracies' standing as sources of expertise is crucial. We tested this argument using data from a unique survey that measured prevalent practices of advice utilization in thematically specialized policy units of national ministries in a representative sample of more than a hundred countries. Our findings show that ministries' perceptions of international bureaucracies' expertise, that is, specialized and reliable knowledge, are the key factor. International bureaucracies influence national ministries directly and without the support of other actors that may also have an interest in the international bureaucracies' policy advice. Our analysis also demonstrates that the effects of alternative means of influence, such as third-party pressure and coercion, are themselves partly dependent on international bureaucracies' reputation as experts. The findings presented in this article reinforce the emphasis on expertise as a source of international bureaucracies' influence, and provide a crucial test of its importance.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GronauSchaefer2021,
author = {Gronau, Norbert and Schaefer, Martin},
title = {Why metadata matters for the future of copyright},
series = {European Intellectual Property Review},
volume = {43},
journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},
number = {8},
publisher = {Sweet \& Maxwell},
address = {London},
issn = {0142-0461},
pages = {488 -- 494},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In the copyright industries of the 21st century, metadata is the grease required to make the engine of copyright run smoothly and powerfully for the benefit of creators, copyright industries and users alike. However, metadata is difficult to acquire and even more difficult to keep up to date as the rights in content are mostly multi-layered, fragmented, international and volatile. This article explores the idea of a neutral metadata search and enhancement tool that could constitute a buffer to safeguard the interests of the various proprietary database owners and avoid the shortcomings of centralised databases.},
language = {en}
}
@article{VerchStollHadzicetal.2021,
author = {Verch, Ronald and Stoll, Josefine and Hadzic, Miralem and Quarmby, Andrew James and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
title = {Whole-Body EMS Superimposed Walking and Nordic Walking on a Treadmill—Determination of Exercise Intensity to Conventional Exercise},
series = {Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
issn = {1664-042X},
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2021.715417},
pages = {1 -- 9},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an increasingly popular training method and has become the focus of research in recent years. New EMS devices offer a wide range of mobile applications for whole-body EMS (WB-EMS) training, e.g., the intensification of dynamic low-intensity endurance exercises through WB-EMS. The present study aimed to determine the differences in exercise intensity between WB-EMS-superimposed and conventional walking (EMS-CW), and CON and WB-EMS-superimposed Nordic walking (WB-EMS-NW) during a treadmill test. Eleven participants (52.0 ± years; 85.9 ± 7.4 kg, 182 ± 6 cm, BMI 25.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2) performed a 10 min treadmill test at a given velocity (6.5 km/h) in four different test situations, walking (W) and Nordic walking (NW) in both conventional and WB-EMS superimposed. Oxygen uptake in absolute (VO2) and relative to body weight (rel. VO2), lactate, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after the test. WB-EMS intensity was adjusted individually according to the feedback of the participant. The descriptive statistics were given in mean ± SD. For the statistical analyses, one-factorial ANOVA for repeated measures and two-factorial ANOVA [factors include EMS, W/NW, and factor combination (EMS*W/NW)] were performed (α = 0.05). Significant effects were found for EMS and W/NW factors for the outcome variables VO2 (EMS: p = 0.006, r = 0.736; W/NW: p < 0.001, r = 0.870), relative VO2 (EMS: p < 0.001, r = 0.850; W/NW: p < 0.001, r = 0.937), and lactate (EMS: p = 0.003, r = 0.771; w/NW: p = 0.003, r = 0.764) and both the factors produced higher results. However, the difference in VO2 and relative VO2 is within the range of biological variability of ± 12\%. The factor combination EMS*W/NW is statistically non-significant for all three variables. WB-EMS resulted in the higher RPE values (p = 0.035, r = 0.613), RPE differences for W/NW and EMS*W/NW were not significant. The current study results indicate that WB-EMS influences the parameters of exercise intensity. The impact on exercise intensity and the clinical relevance of WB-EMS-superimposed walking (WB-EMS-W) exercise is questionable because of the marginal differences in the outcome variables.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RichterKunterMarxetal.2021,
author = {Richter, Eric and Kunter, Mareike and Marx, Alexandra and Richter, Dirk},
title = {Who participates in content-focused teacher professional development?},
series = {Frontiers in education},
journal = {Frontiers in education},
number = {6},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
issn = {2504-284X},
doi = {10.3389/feduc.2021.722169},
pages = {1 -- 10},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This study investigates the relationship between teacher quality and teachers' engagement in professional development (PD) activities using data on 229 German secondary school mathematics teachers. We assessed different aspects of teacher quality (e.g. professional knowledge, instructional quality) using a variety of measures, including standardised tests of teachers' content knowledge, to determine what characteristics are associated with high participation in PD. The results show that teachers with higher scores for teacher quality variables take part in more content-focused PD than teachers with lower scores for these variables. This suggests that teacher learning may be subject to a Matthew effect, whereby more proficient teachers benefit more from PD than less proficient teachers.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RaatzPirhoferWalzlMuelleretal.2021,
author = {Raatz, Larissa and Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin and M{\"u}ller, Marina E.H. and Scherber, Christoph and Joshi, Jasmin Radha},
title = {Who is the culprit: Is pest infestation responsible for crop yield losses close to semi-natural habitats?},
series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
issn = {1866-8372},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-54962},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549622},
pages = {13232 -- 13246},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Semi-natural habitats (SNHs) are becoming increasingly scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. This may reduce natural ecosystem services such as pest control with its putatively positive effect on crop production. In agreement with other studies, we recently reported wheat yield reductions at field borders which were linked to the type of SNH and the distance to the border. In this experimental landscape-wide study, we asked whether these yield losses have a biotic origin while analyzing fungal seed and fungal leaf pathogens, herbivory of cereal leaf beetles, and weed cover as hypothesized mediators between SNHs and yield. We established experimental winter wheat plots of a single variety within conventionally managed wheat fields at fixed distances either to a hedgerow or to an in-field kettle hole. For each plot, we recorded the fungal infection rate on seeds, fungal infection and herbivory rates on leaves, and weed cover. Using several generalized linear mixed-effects models as well as a structural equation model, we tested the effects of SNHs at a field scale (SNH type and distance to SNH) and at a landscape scale (percentage and diversity of SNHs within a 1000-m radius). In the dry year of 2016, we detected one putative biotic culprit: Weed cover was negatively associated with yield values at a 1-m and 5-m distance from the field border with a SNH. None of the fungal and insect pests, however, significantly affected yield, neither solely nor depending on type of or distance to a SNH. However, the pest groups themselves responded differently to SNH at the field scale and at the landscape scale. Our findings highlight that crop losses at field borders may be caused by biotic culprits; however, their negative impact seems weak and is putatively reduced by conventional farming practices.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RaatzPirhoferWalzlMuelleretal.2021,
author = {Raatz, Larissa and Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin and M{\"u}ller, Marina E.H. and Scherber, Christoph and Joshi, Jasmin Radha},
title = {Who is the culprit: Is pest infestation responsible for crop yield losses close to semi-natural habitats?},
series = {Ecology and Evolution},
volume = {11},
journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
edition = {19},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {2045-7758},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.8046},
pages = {13232 -- 13246},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Semi-natural habitats (SNHs) are becoming increasingly scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. This may reduce natural ecosystem services such as pest control with its putatively positive effect on crop production. In agreement with other studies, we recently reported wheat yield reductions at field borders which were linked to the type of SNH and the distance to the border. In this experimental landscape-wide study, we asked whether these yield losses have a biotic origin while analyzing fungal seed and fungal leaf pathogens, herbivory of cereal leaf beetles, and weed cover as hypothesized mediators between SNHs and yield. We established experimental winter wheat plots of a single variety within conventionally managed wheat fields at fixed distances either to a hedgerow or to an in-field kettle hole. For each plot, we recorded the fungal infection rate on seeds, fungal infection and herbivory rates on leaves, and weed cover. Using several generalized linear mixed-effects models as well as a structural equation model, we tested the effects of SNHs at a field scale (SNH type and distance to SNH) and at a landscape scale (percentage and diversity of SNHs within a 1000-m radius). In the dry year of 2016, we detected one putative biotic culprit: Weed cover was negatively associated with yield values at a 1-m and 5-m distance from the field border with a SNH. None of the fungal and insect pests, however, significantly affected yield, neither solely nor depending on type of or distance to a SNH. However, the pest groups themselves responded differently to SNH at the field scale and at the landscape scale. Our findings highlight that crop losses at field borders may be caused by biotic culprits; however, their negative impact seems weak and is putatively reduced by conventional farming practices.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Khalil2021,
author = {Khalil, Mohammad},
title = {Who Are the Students of MOOCs?},
series = {EMOOCs 2021},
volume = {2021},
journal = {EMOOCs 2021},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
isbn = {978-3-86956-512-5},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-51729},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517298},
pages = {259 -- 269},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Clustering in education is important in identifying groups of objects in order to find linked patterns of correlations in educational datasets. As such, MOOCs provide a rich source of educational datasets which enable a wide selection of options to carry out clustering and an opportunity for cohort analyses. In this experience paper, five research studies on clustering in MOOCs are reviewed, drawing out several reasonings, methods, and students' clusters that reflect certain kinds of learning behaviours. The collection of the varied clusters shows that each study identifies and defines clusters according to distinctive engagement patterns. Implications and a summary are provided at the end of the paper.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LadleifWeske2021,
author = {Ladleif, Jan and Weske, Mathias},
title = {Which event happened first?},
series = {Frontiers in blockchain},
volume = {4},
journal = {Frontiers in blockchain},
publisher = {Frontiers in Blockchain},
address = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
issn = {2624-7852},
doi = {10.3389/fbloc.2021.758169},
pages = {1 -- 16},
year = {2021},
abstract = {First come, first served: Critical choices between alternative actions are often made based on events external to an organization, and reacting promptly to their occurrence can be a major advantage over the competition. In Business Process Management (BPM), such deferred choices can be expressed in process models, and they are an important aspect of process engines. Blockchain-based process execution approaches are no exception to this, but are severely limited by the inherent properties of the platform: The isolated environment prevents direct access to external entities and data, and the non-continual runtime based entirely on atomic transactions impedes the monitoring and detection of events. In this paper we provide an in-depth examination of the semantics of deferred choice, and transfer them to environments such as the blockchain. We introduce and compare several oracle architectures able to satisfy certain requirements, and show that they can be implemented using state-of-the-art blockchain technology.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BernhardtSchwanghart2021,
author = {Bernhardt, Anne and Schwanghart, Wolfgang},
title = {Where and why do submarine canyons remain connected to the shore during sea-level rise?},
series = {Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union},
volume = {48},
journal = {Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union},
number = {10},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0094-8276},
doi = {10.1029/2020GL092234},
pages = {15},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The efficiency of sediment routing from land to the ocean depends on the position of submarine canyon heads with regard to terrestrial sediment sources. We aim to identify the main controls on whether a submarine canyon head remains connected to terrestrial sediment input during Holocene sea-level rise. Globally, we identified 798 canyon heads that are currently located at the 120m-depth contour (the Last Glacial Maximum shoreline) and 183 canyon heads that are connected to the shore (within a distance of 6 km) during the present-day highstand. Regional hotspots of shore-connected canyons are the Mediterranean active margin and the Pacific coast of Central and South America. We used 34 terrestrial and marine predictor variables to predict shore-connected canyon occurrence using Bayesian regression. Our analysis shows that steep and narrow shelves facilitate canyon-head connectivity to the shore. Moreover, shore-connected canyons occur preferentially along active margins characterized by resistant bedrock and high river-water discharge.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Kałczewiak2021,
author = {Kałczewiak, Mariusz},
title = {When the "Ostjuden" returned},
series = {Naharaim : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r deutsch-j{\"u}dische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte},
volume = {15},
journal = {Naharaim : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r deutsch-j{\"u}dische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte},
number = {2},
publisher = {De Gruyter},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {1862-9148},
doi = {10.1515/naha-2020-0015},
pages = {287 -- 309},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This article examines the dynamics that allowed the derogatory term "Ostjuden" to reappear in academic writing in post-Holocaust Germany. This article focuses on the period between 1980's and 2000's, complementing earlier studies that focused on the emergence of the term "Ostjuden" and on the complex representations of Eastern European Jews in Imperial and later Weimar Germany. It shows that, despite its well-evidenced discriminatory history, the term "Ostjuden" re-appeared in the scholarly writing in German and has also found its way into German-speaking public history and journalism. This article calls for applying the adjectival term "osteuropaische Juden" (Eastern European Jews), using a term that neither essentializes Eastern European Jews nor presents them in an oversimplified and uniform manner.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MaiHoffmannBalderjahn2021,
author = {Mai, Robert and Hoffmann, Stefan and Balderjahn, Ingo},
title = {When drivers become inhibitors of organic consumption},
series = {Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science},
volume = {49},
journal = {Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Dordrecht},
issn = {0092-0703},
doi = {10.1007/s11747-021-00787-x},
pages = {1151 -- 1174},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The organic market is characterized by remarkable disparities, and confusion persists about which motives drive organic consumption. To understand them, this research introduces the idea that the same consumer motives can exert different and potentially opposite impacts when organic consumption patterns unfold. The proposed multistage theory of differential effects distinguishes a participation stage, when consumers decide whether to purchase organic at all, and an expenditure stage, when consumers decide about how much of their budget to spend on organic products across purchases. An analysis of shopping patterns of approximately 14,000 households confirms the proposed differential influences: Other-oriented motives (care for others and the environment) support participation but impede sustained expenditures. Only self-oriented motives (hedonism) foster both participation and expenditures. The results pinpoint the need to rethink organic consumption as a stage-specific problem, which opens up new perspectives for managers about an old but persistent problem.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MuellerRzepkaSimbeck2021,
author = {M{\"u}ller, Hans-Georg and Rzepka, Nathalie and Simbeck, Katharina},
title = {What you apply is not what you learn!},
series = {Journal of Educational Data Mining},
journal = {Journal of Educational Data Mining},
pages = {7},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The ability to spell correctly is a fundamental skill for participating in society and engaging in professional work. In the German language, the capitalization of nouns and proper names presents major difficulties for both native and nonnative learners, since the definition of what is a noun varies according to one's linguistic perspective. In this paper, we hypothesize that learners use different cognitive strategies to identify nouns. To this end, we examine capitalization exercises from more than 30,000 users of an online spelling training platform. The cognitive strategies identified are syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and morphological approaches. The strategies used by learners overlap widely but differ by individual and evolve with grade level. The results show that even though the pragmatic strategy is not taught systematically in schools, it is the most widespread and most successful strategy used by learners. We therefore suggest that highly granular learning process data can not only provide insights into learners' capabilities and enable the creation of individualized learning content but also inform curriculum development.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Czychowski2021,
author = {Czychowski, Christian},
title = {What is the significance of a FRAND license declaration for standard essential patents with regard to their transferability?},
series = {GRUR international : journal of European and international IP law},
volume = {70},
journal = {GRUR international : journal of European and international IP law},
number = {5},
publisher = {Beck},
address = {M{\"u}nchen},
issn = {2632-8623},
doi = {10.1093/grurint/ikaa189},
pages = {421 -- 426},
year = {2021},
abstract = {There has been considerable movement in German licensing law for some years now. Based on the fate of the license in the case of the granting of sub-licenses and in the case of insolvency of one of the contracting parties involved, a number of court decisions have been handed down which mainly deal with the legal nature of licenses and their mode of operation. Moreover, there is now an internationally significant development in licensing law, namely the increasing independence of patents used in standards, which have increasingly become the subject of economic considerations - and not only of the companies or inventors filing them. zur Fussnote 1 These so-called standard essential patents (SEPs) are the subject of numerous legal disputes and legislative activities and constitute a scientific discourse around the globe. In 2015, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) created the first leading case for the EU with regard to SEPs in its highly regarded Huawei/ZTE ruling. zur Fussnote 2 Although an abundance of decisions of the courts of first instances are now available, many questions still remain unanswered since the fundamental decision of the ECJ. There is controversy both over the dogmatic classification of the FRAND declaration and the legal consequences of the declaration's binding effect. It is particularly unclear what happens to the FRAND declaration when the SEP is transferred to a third party and whether, how and to what extent the acquirer is bound by this declaration of the transferor. In a decision that can certainly be described as bold, a Higher Regional Court has now ruled on some of these issues for the first time, thus providing further food for discussion.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Jacqmin2021,
author = {Jacqmin, Julien},
title = {What Drives Enrollment in Massive Open Online Courses?},
series = {EMOOCs 2021},
volume = {2021},
journal = {EMOOCs 2021},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
isbn = {978-3-86956-512-5},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-51689},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516899},
pages = {1 -- 16},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The goal of this paper is to study the demand factors driving enrollment in massive open online courses. Using course level data from a French MOOC platform, we study the course, teacher and institution related characteristics that influence the enrollment decision of students, in a setting where enrollment is open to all students without administrative barriers. Coverage from social and traditional media done around the course is a key driver. In addition, the language of instruction and the (estimated) amount of work needed to complete the course also have a significant impact. The data also suggests that the presence of same-side externalities is limited. Finally, preferences of national and of international students tend to differ on several dimensions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KloseWunderlingWinkelmannetal.2021,
author = {Klose, Ann Kristin and Wunderling, Nico and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Donges, Jonathan},
title = {What do we mean, 'tipping cascade'?},
series = {Environmental research letters : ERL},
volume = {16},
journal = {Environmental research letters : ERL},
number = {12},
publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
address = {Bristol},
issn = {1748-9326},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac3955},
pages = {11},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Based on suggested interactions of potential tipping elements in the Earth's climate and in ecological systems, tipping cascades as possible dynamics are increasingly discussed and studied. The activation of such tipping cascades would impose a considerable risk for human societies and biosphere integrity. However, there are ambiguities in the description of tipping cascades within the literature so far. Here we illustrate how different patterns of multiple tipping dynamics emerge from a very simple coupling of two previously studied idealized tipping elements. In particular, we distinguish between a two phase cascade, a domino cascade and a joint cascade. A mitigation of an unfolding two phase cascade may be possible and common early warning indicators are sensitive to upcoming critical transitions to a certain degree. In contrast, a domino cascade may hardly be stopped once initiated and critical slowing down-based indicators fail to indicate tipping of the following element. These different potentials for intervention and anticipation across the distinct patterns of multiple tipping dynamics should be seen as a call to be more precise in future analyses of cascading dynamics arising from tipping element interactions in the Earth system.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RosenauPikovskij2021,
author = {Rosenau, Philip and Pikovskij, Arkadij},
title = {Waves in strongly nonlinear Gardner-like equations on a lattice},
series = {Nonlinearity / the Institute of Physics and the London Mathematical Society},
volume = {34},
journal = {Nonlinearity / the Institute of Physics and the London Mathematical Society},
number = {8},
publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
address = {Bristol},
issn = {0951-7715},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6544/ac0f51},
pages = {5872 -- 5896},
year = {2021},
abstract = {We introduce and study a family of lattice equations which may be viewed either as a strongly nonlinear discrete extension of the Gardner equation, or a non-convex variant of the Lotka-Volterra chain. Their deceptively simple form supports a very rich family of complex solitary patterns. Some of these patterns are also found in the quasi-continuum rendition, but the more intriguing ones, like interlaced pairs of solitary waves, or waves which may reverse their direction either spontaneously or due a collision, are an intrinsic feature of the discrete realm.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KamlahVermaDierckeetal.2021,
author = {Kamlah, Robert and Verma, Meetu and Diercke, Andrea and Denker, Carsten},
title = {Wavelength dependence of image quality metrics and seeing parameters and their relation to adaptive optics performance},
series = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics},
volume = {296},
journal = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics},
number = {2},
publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
issn = {1573-093X},
doi = {10.1007/s11207-021-01771-y},
pages = {29},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Ground-based solar observations are severely affected by Earth's turbulent atmosphere. As a consequence, observed image quality and prevailing seeing conditions are closely related. Partial correction of image degradation is nowadays provided in real time by adaptive optics (AO) systems. In this study, different metrics of image quality are compared with parameters characterizing the prevailing seeing conditions, i.e. Median Filter Gradient Similarity (MFGS), Median Filter Laplacian Similarity (MFLS), Helmli-Scherer mean, granular rms-contrast, differential image motion, and Fried-parameter r(0). The quiet-Sun observations at disk center were carried out at the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Observatorio del Teide (OT), Izana, Tenerife, Spain. In July and August 2016, time series of short-exposure images were recorded with the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) at various wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum. Correlation analysis yields the wavelength dependence of the image quality metrics and seeing parameters, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is employed to characterize the seeing on a particular observing day. In addition, the image quality metrics and seeing parameters are used to determine the field dependence of the correction provided by the AO system. Management of high-resolution imaging data from large-aperture, ground-based telescopes demands reliable image quality metrics and meaningful characterization of prevailing seeing conditions and AO performance. The present study offers guidance on how retrieving such information ex post facto.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MiddelanisWillnerOttoetal.2021,
author = {Middelanis, Robin and Willner, Sven N. and Otto, Christian and Kuhla, Kilian and Quante, Lennart and Levermann, Anders},
title = {Wave-like global economic ripple response to Hurricane Sandy},
series = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics},
volume = {16},
journal = {Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics},
number = {12},
publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
address = {Bristol},
issn = {1748-9326},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac39c0},
pages = {11},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Tropical cyclones range among the costliest disasters on Earth. Their economic repercussions along the supply and trade network also affect remote economies that are not directly affected. We here simulate possible global repercussions on consumption for the example case of Hurricane Sandy in the US (2012) using the shock-propagation model Acclimate. The modeled shock yields a global three-phase ripple: an initial production demand reduction and associated consumption price decrease, followed by a supply shortage with increasing prices, and finally a recovery phase. Regions with strong trade relations to the US experience strong magnitudes of the ripple. A dominating demand reduction or supply shortage leads to overall consumption gains or losses of a region, respectively. While finding these repercussions in historic data is challenging due to strong volatility of economic interactions, numerical models like ours can help to identify them by approaching the problem from an exploratory angle, isolating the effect of interest. For this, our model simulates the economic interactions of over 7000 regional economic sectors, interlinked through about 1.8 million trade relations. Under global warming, the wave-like structures of the economic response to major hurricanes like the one simulated here are likely to intensify and potentially overlap with other weather extremes.},
language = {en}
}
@article{YanFrokjarEngelbrektetal.2021,
author = {Yan, Jiawei and Fr{\o}kj{\ae}r, Emil Egede and Engelbrekt, Christian and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Ulstrup, Jens and Wollenberger, Ulla and Xiao, Xinxin and Zhang, Jingdong},
title = {Voltammetry and single-molecule in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy of the redox metalloenzyme human sulfite oxidase},
series = {ChemElectroChem},
volume = {8},
journal = {ChemElectroChem},
number = {1},
publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
address = {Weinheim},
issn = {2196-0216},
doi = {10.1002/celc.202001258},
pages = {164 -- 171},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Human sulfite oxidase (hSO) is a homodimeric two-domain enzyme central in the biological sulfur cycle. A pyranopterin molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the catalytic site and a heme b(5) group located in the N-terminal domain. The two domains are connected by a flexible linker region. Electrons produced at the Moco in sulfite oxidation, are relayed via heme b(5) to electron acceptors or an electrode surface. Inter-domain conformational changes between an open and a closed enzyme conformation, allowing "gated" electron transfer has been suggested. We first recorded cyclic voltammetry (CV) of hSO on single-crystal Au(111)-electrode surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) both of a short rigid thiol, cysteamine and of a longer structurally flexible thiol, omega-amino-octanethiol (AOT). hSO on cysteamine SAMs displays a well-defined pair of voltammetric peaks around -0.207 V vs. SCE in the absence of sulfite substrate, but no electrocatalysis. hSO on AOT SAMs displays well-defined electrocatalysis, but only "fair" quality voltammetry in the absence of sulfite. We recorded next in situ scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) of hSO on AOT modified Au(111)-electrodes, disclosing, a 2-5 \% surface coverage of strong molecular scale contrasts, assigned to single hSO molecules, notably with no contrast difference in the absence and presence of sulfite. In situ STS corroborated this observation with a sigmoidal tunnelling current/overpotential correlation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ZaliOhrnbergerScherbaumetal.2021,
author = {Zali, Zahra and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Scherbaum, Frank and Cotton, Fabrice and Eibl, Eva P. S.},
title = {Volcanic tremor extraction and earthquake detection using music information retrieval algorithms},
series = {Seismological research letters},
volume = {92},
journal = {Seismological research letters},
number = {6},
publisher = {Seismological Society of America},
address = {Boulder, Colo.},
issn = {0895-0695},
doi = {10.1785/0220210016},
pages = {3668 -- 3681},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Volcanic tremor signals are usually observed before or during volcanic eruptions and must be monitored to evaluate the volcanic activity. A challenge in studying seismic signals of volcanic origin is the coexistence of transient signal swarms and long-lasting volcanic tremor signals. Separating transient events from volcanic tremors can, therefore, contrib-ute to improving upon our understanding of the underlying physical processes. Exploiting the idea of harmonic-percussive separation in musical signal processing, we develop a method to extract the harmonic volcanic tremor signals and to detect tran-sient events from seismic recordings. Based on the similarity properties of spectrogram frames in the time-frequency domain, we decompose the signal into two separate spec-trograms representing repeating (harmonic) and nonrepeating (transient) patterns, which correspond to volcanic tremor signals and earthquake signals, respectively. We reconstruct the harmonic tremor signal in the time domain from the complex spectrogram of the repeating pattern by only considering the phase components for the frequency range in which the tremor amplitude spectrum is significantly contribut-ing to the energy of the signal. The reconstructed signal is, therefore, clean tremor signal without transient events. Furthermore, we derive a characteristic function suitable for the detection of tran-sient events (e.g., earthquakes) by integrating amplitudes of the nonrepeating spectro-gram over frequency at each time frame. Considering transient events like earthquakes, 78\% of the events are detected for signal-to-noise ratio = 0.1 in our semisynthetic tests. In addition, we compared the number of detected earthquakes using our method for one month of continuous data recorded during the Holuhraun 2014-2015 eruption in Iceland with the bulletin presented in Agustsdottir et al. (2019). Our single station event detection algorithm identified 84\% of the bulletin events. Moreover, we detected a total of 12,619 events, which is more than twice the number of the bulletin events.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ErmolinaTiberius2021,
author = {Ermolina, Alena and Tiberius, Victor},
title = {Voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants in health care},
series = {Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR},
volume = {23},
journal = {Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR},
number = {4},
publisher = {Healthcare World},
address = {Richmond, Va.},
issn = {1438-8871},
doi = {10.2196/25312},
pages = {11},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background: Voice-controlled intelligent personal assistants (VIPAs), such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, involve artificial intelligence-powered algorithms designed to simulate humans. Their hands-free interface and growing capabilities have a wide range of applications in health care, covering off-clinic education, health monitoring, and communication. However, conflicting factors, such as patient safety and privacy concerns, make it difficult to foresee the further development of VIPAs in health care.
Objective: This study aimed to develop a plausible scenario for the further development of VIPAs in health care to support decision making regarding the procurement of VIPAs in health care organizations. Methods: We conducted a two-stage Delphi study with an internationally recruited panel consisting of voice assistant experts, medical professionals, and representatives of academia, governmental health authorities, and nonprofit health associations having expertise with voice technology. Twenty projections were formulated and evaluated by the panelists. Descriptive statistics were used to derive the desired scenario.
Results: The panelists expect VIPAs to be able to provide solid medical advice based on patients' personal health information and to have human-like conversations. However, in the short term, voice assistants might neither provide frustration-free user experience nor outperform or replace humans in health care. With a high level of consensus, the experts agreed with the potential of VIPAs to support elderly people and be widely used as anamnesis, informational, self-therapy, and communication tools by patients and health care professionals. Although users' and governments' privacy concerns are not expected to decrease in the near future, the panelists believe that strict regulations capable of preventing VIPAs from providing medical help services will not be imposed.
Conclusions: According to the surveyed experts, VIPAs will show notable technological development and gain more user trust in the near future, resulting in widespread application in health care. However, voice assistants are expected to solely support health care professionals in their daily operations and will not be able to outperform or replace medical staff.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BonnetDongNaumannetal.2021,
author = {Bonnet, Philippe and Dong, Xin Luna and Naumann, Felix and T{\"o}z{\"u}n, P{\i}nar},
title = {VLDB 2021},
series = {SIGMOD record},
volume = {50},
journal = {SIGMOD record},
number = {4},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York},
issn = {0163-5808},
doi = {10.1145/3516431.3516447},
pages = {50 -- 53},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The 47th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB'21) was held on August 16-20, 2021 as a hybrid conference. It attracted 180 in-person attendees in Copenhagen and 840 remote attendees. In this paper, we describe our key decisions as general chairs and program committee chairs and share the lessons we learned.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WitteLinnemannstoensHonemannCapitoetal.2021,
author = {Witte, Leonie and Linnemannstoens, Karen and Honemann-Capito, Mona and Groß, Julia Christina},
title = {Visualization and quantitation of Wg trafficking in the Drosophila wing imaginal epithelium},
series = {Bio-protocol},
volume = {11},
journal = {Bio-protocol},
number = {11},
publisher = {bio-protocol.org},
address = {Sunnyvale, CA},
issn = {2331-8325},
doi = {10.21769/BioProtoc.4040},
pages = {16},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Secretory Wnt trafficking can be studied in the polarized epithelial monolayer of Drosophila wing imaginal discs (WID). In this tissue, Wg (Drosophila Wnt-I) is presented on the apical surface of its source cells before being internalized into the endosomal pathway. Long-range Wg secretion and spread depend on secondary secretion from endosomal compartments, but the exact post-endocytic fate of Wg is poorly understood. Here, we summarize and present three protocols for the immunofluorescencebased visualization and quantitation of different pools of intracellular and extracellular Wg in WID: (1) steady-state extracellular Wg; (2) dynamic Wg trafficking inside endosomal compartments; and (3) dynamic Wg release to the cell surface. Using a genetic driver system for gene manipulation specifically at the posterior part of the WID (EnGal4) provides a robust internal control that allows for direct comparison of signal intensities of control and manipulated compartments of the same WID. Therefore, it also circumvents the high degree of staining variability usually associated with whole-tissue samples. In combination with the genetic manipulation of Wg pathway components that is easily feasible in Drosophila, these methods provide a tool-set for the dissection of secretory Wg trafficking and can help us to understand how Wnt proteins travel along endosomal compartments for short-and long-range signal secretion.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PawassarTiberius2021,
author = {Pawassar, Christian Matthias and Tiberius, Victor},
title = {Virtual reality in health care},
series = {JMIR Serious Games},
volume = {9},
journal = {JMIR Serious Games},
edition = {4},
publisher = {JMIR Publications},
address = {Toronto, Kanada},
issn = {2291-9279},
doi = {10.2196/32721},
pages = {1 -- 19},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background: Research into the application of virtual reality technology in the health care sector has rapidly increased, resulting in a large body of research that is difficult to keep up with. Objective: We will provide an overview of the annual publication numbers in this field and the most productive and influential countries, journals, and authors, as well as the most used, most co-occurring, and most recent keywords. Methods: Based on a data set of 356 publications and 20,363 citations derived from Web of Science, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using BibExcel, HistCite, and VOSviewer. Results: The strongest growth in publications occurred in 2020, accounting for 29.49\% of all publications so far. The most productive countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain; the most influential countries are the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The most productive journals are the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), JMIR Serious Games, and the Games for Health Journal; the most influential journals are Patient Education and Counselling, Medical Education, and Quality of Life Research. The most productive authors are Riva, del Piccolo, and Schwebel; the most influential authors are Finset, del Piccolo, and Eide. The most frequently occurring keywords other than "virtual" and "reality" are "training," "trial," and "patients." The most relevant research themes are communication, education, and novel treatments; the most recent research trends are fitness and exergames. Conclusions: The analysis shows that the field has left its infant state and its specialization is advancing, with a clear focus on patient usability.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BensonMakaitRabl2021,
author = {Benson, Lawrence and Makait, Hendrik and Rabl, Tilmann},
title = {Viper},
series = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment},
volume = {14},
journal = {Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment},
number = {9},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York},
issn = {2150-8097},
doi = {10.14778/3461535.3461543},
pages = {1544 -- 1556},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Key-value stores (KVSs) have found wide application in modern software systems. For persistence, their data resides in slow secondary storage, which requires KVSs to employ various techniques to increase their read and write performance from and to the underlying medium. Emerging persistent memory (PMem) technologies offer data persistence at close-to-DRAM speed, making them a promising alternative to classical disk-based storage. However, simply drop-in replacing existing storage with PMem does not yield good results, as block-based access behaves differently in PMem than on disk and ignores PMem's byte addressability, layout, and unique performance characteristics. In this paper, we propose three PMem-specific access patterns and implement them in a hybrid PMem-DRAM KVS called Viper. We employ a DRAM-based hash index and a PMem-aware storage layout to utilize the random-write speed of DRAM and efficient sequential-write performance PMem. Our evaluation shows that Viper significantly outperforms existing KVSs for core KVS operations while providing full data persistence. Moreover, Viper outperforms existing PMem-only, hybrid, and disk-based KVSs by 4-18x for write workloads, while matching or surpassing their get performance.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerNguyenHermanussen2021,
author = {Scheffler, Christiane and Nguyen, Thi Hong and Hermanussen, Michael},
title = {Vietnamese migrants are as tall as they want to be},
series = {Human biology and public health},
journal = {Human biology and public health},
number = {2},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
issn = {2748-9957},
doi = {10.52905/hbph.v2.12},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background: Members of the same social group tent to have the same body height. Migrants tend to adjust in height to their host communities. Objectives: Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors influence growth. We hypothesized that Vietnamese young adult migrants in Germany (1) are taller than their parents, (2) are as tall as their German peers, and (3) are as tall as predicted by height expectation at age 13 years. Sample: The study was conducted in 30 male and 54 female Vietnamese migrants (mean age 26.23 years. SD=4.96) in Germany in 2020. Methods: Information on age, sex, body height, school and education, job, height and ethnicity of best friend, migration history and cultural identification, parental height and education, and recalled information on their personal height expectations at age 13 years were obtained by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) and multiple regression. Results: Vietnamese young adults are taller than their parents (females 3.85cm, males 7.44cm), but do not fully attain height of their German peers. The body height is positively associated with the height of best friend (p < 0.001), the height expectation at age 13 year (p < 0.001), and father's height (p=0.001). Conclusion: Body height of Vietnamese migrants in Germany reflects competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments. The magnitude of this intergenerational trend supports the concept that human growth depends on SEPE factors.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MelaniNagataSaalfrank2021,
author = {Melani, Giacomo and Nagata, Yuki and Saalfrank, Peter},
title = {Vibrational energy relaxation of interfacial OH on a water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface},
series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies},
volume = {23},
journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies},
number = {13},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
address = {Cambridge},
issn = {1463-9076},
doi = {10.1039/d0cp03777j},
pages = {7714 -- 7723},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Vibrational relaxation of adsorbates is a sensitive tool to probe energy transfer at gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. The most direct way to study relaxation dynamics uses time-resolved spectroscopy. Here we report on a non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics (NE-AIMD) methodology to model vibrational relaxation of OH vibrations on a hydroxylated, water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface. In our NE-AIMD approach, after exciting selected O-H bonds their coupling to surface phonons and to the water adlayer is analyzed in detail, by following both the energy flow in time, as well as the time-evolution of Vibrational Density of States (VDOS) curves. The latter are obtained from Time-dependent Correlation Functions (TCFs) and serve as prototypical, generic representatives of time-resolved vibrational spectra. As most important results, (i) we find a few-picosecond lifetime of the excited modes and (ii) identify both hydrogen-bonded aluminols and water molecules in the adsorbed water layer as main dissipative channels, while the direct coupling to Al2O3 surface phonons is of minor importance on the timescales of interest. Our NE-AIMD/TCF methodology is powerful for complex adsorbate systems, in principle even reacting ones, and opens a way towards time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Hein2021,
author = {Hein, Johannes},
title = {Verb movement and the lack of verb-doubling VP topicalization in Germanic},
series = {The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics},
volume = {24},
journal = {The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.},
address = {Dordrecht},
issn = {1383-4924},
doi = {10.1007/s10828-021-09125-5},
pages = {89 -- 144},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In the absence of a stranded auxiliary or modal, VP-topicalization in most Germanic languages gives rise to the presence of a dummy verb meaning 'do'. Cross-linguistically, this is a rather uncommon strategy as comparable VP-fronting constructions in other languages, e.g. Hebrew, Polish, and Portuguese, among many others, exhibit verb doubling. A comparison of several recent approaches to verb doubling in VP-fronting reveals that it is the consequence of VP-evacuating head movement of the verb to some higher functional head, which saves the (low copy of the) verb from undergoing copy deletion as part of the low VP copy in the VP-topicalization dependency. Given that almost all Germanic languages have such V-salvaging head movement, namely V-to-C movement, but do not show verb doubling, this paper suggests that V-raising is exceptionally impossible in VP-topicalization clauses and addresses the question of why it is blocked. After discussing and rejecting some conceivable explanations for the lack of verb doubling, I propose that the blocking effect arises from a bleeding interaction between V-to-C movement and VP-to-SpecCP movement. As both operations are triggered by the same head, i.e. C, the VP is always encountered first by a downward search algorithm. Movement of VP then freezes it and its lower copies for subextraction precluding subsequent V-raising. Crucially, this implies that there is no V-to-T raising in most Germanic languages. V2 languages with V-to-T raising, e.g. Yiddish, are correctly predicted to not exhibit the blocking effect.},
language = {en}
}
@article{deOliveiraSilvaPiratelliZurelletal.2021,
author = {de Oliveira-Silva, Anna Elizabeth and Piratelli, Augusto Jo{\~a}o and Zurell, Damaris and da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues},
title = {Vegetation cover restricts habitat suitability predictions of endemic Brazilian Atlantic Forest birds},
series = {Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation},
volume = {20},
journal = {Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation},
number = {1},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {2530-0644},
doi = {10.1016/j.pecon.2021.09.002},
pages = {1 -- 8},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Ecological niche models (ENMs) are often used to investigate how climatic variables from known occurrence records can estimate potential species range distribution. Although climate-based ENMs provide critical baseline information, the inclusion of non-climatic predictors related to vegetation cover might generate more realistic scenarios. This assumption is particularly relevant for species with life-history traits related to forest habitats and sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we developed ENMs for 36 Atlantic Forest endemic birds considering two sets of predictor variables: (i) climatic variables only and (ii) climatic variables combined with the percentage of remaining native vegetation. We hypothesized that the inclusion of native vegetation data would decrease the potential range distribution of forest-dependent species by limiting their occurrence in regions harboring small areas of native vegetation habitats, despite otherwise favorable climatic conditions. We also expected that habitat restriction in the climate-vegetation models would be more pronounced for highly forest-dependent birds. The inclusion of vegetation data in the modeling procedures restricted the final distribution ranges of 22 out of 36 modeled species, while the 14 remaining presented an expansion of their ranges. We observed that species with high and medium forest dependency showed higher restriction in range size predictions between predictor sets than species with low forest dependency, which showed no alteration or range expansion. Overall, our results suggest that ENMs based on climatic and landscape variables may be a useful tool for conservationists to better understand the dynamic of bird species distributions in threatened and highly fragmented regions such as the Atlantic Forest hotspot.(c) 2021 Associacao Brasileira de Cie circumflex accent ncia Ecol ogica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).},
language = {en}
}
@article{CourtinAndreevRaschkeetal.2021,
author = {Courtin, J{\´e}r{\´e}my and Andreev, Andrei and Raschke, Elena and Bala, Sarah and Biskaborn, Boris and Liu, Sisi and Zimmermann, Heike and Diekmann, Bernhard and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
title = {Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene},
series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
volume = {9},
journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {2296-701X},
doi = {10.3389/fevo.2021.625096},
pages = {18},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HaenelBratu2021,
author = {H{\"a}nel, Hilkje Charlotte and Bratu, Christine},
title = {Varieties of hermeneutical injustice},
series = {Moral philosophy and politics},
volume = {8},
journal = {Moral philosophy and politics},
number = {2},
publisher = {de Gruyter},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {2194-5616},
doi = {10.1515/mopp-2020-0007},
pages = {331 -- 350},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In this paper, we have two goals. First, we argue for a blueprint for hermeneutical injustice that allows us to schematize existing and discover new varieties of hermeneutical injustices. The underlying insight is that Fricker provides both a general concept of hermeneutical injustice and a specific conception thereof. By distinguishing between the general concept and its specific conceptions, we gain a fruitful tool to detect such injustices in our everyday lives. Second, we use this blueprint to provide a further example of hermeneutical injustice that draws our attention to yet another distinction: Some hermeneutical injustices result from a lack or distortion in the collective conceptual resource and some are due to problems in the application of existing concepts. We argue that to combat hermeneutical injustices, we have to make sure not only that individuals have accurate concepts at their disposal but that they have the capabilities to use these concepts adequately.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DragoWeithoff2021,
author = {Drago, Claudia and Weithoff, Guntram},
title = {Variable Fitness Response of Two Rotifer Species Exposed to Microplastics Particles},
series = {Toxics},
volume = {9},
journal = {Toxics},
number = {11},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2305-6304},
doi = {10.3390/toxics9110305},
pages = {13},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Plastic pollution is an increasing environmental problem, but a comprehensive understanding of its effect in the environment is still missing. The wide variety of size, shape, and polymer composition of plastics impedes an adequate risk assessment. We investigated the effect of differently sized polystyrene beads (1-, 3-, 6-µm; PS) and polyamide fragments (5-25 µm, PA) and non-plastics items such as silica beads (3-µm, SiO2) on the population growth, reproduction (egg ratio), and survival of two common aquatic micro invertebrates: the rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus fernandoi. The MPs were combined with food quantity, limiting and saturating food concentration, and with food of different quality. We found variable fitness responses with a significant effect of 3-µm PS on the population growth rate in both rotifer species with respect to food quantity. An interaction between the food quality and the MPs treatments was found in the reproduction of B. calyciflorus. PA and SiO2 beads had no effect on fitness response. This study provides further evidence of the indirect effect of MPs in planktonic rotifers and the importance of testing different environmental conditions that could influence the effect of MPs.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PreglaLissonHernandezVasishthetal.2021,
author = {Pregla, Dorothea and Liss{\´o}n Hern{\´a}ndez, Paula J. and Vasishth, Shravan and Burchert, Frank and Stadie, Nicole},
title = {Variability in sentence comprehension in aphasia in German},
series = {Brain \& language : a journal of the neurobiology of language},
volume = {222},
journal = {Brain \& language : a journal of the neurobiology of language},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0093-934X},
doi = {10.1016/j.bl.2021.105008},
pages = {20},
year = {2021},
abstract = {An important aspect of aphasia is the observation of behavioral variability between and within individual participants. Our study addresses variability in sentence comprehension in German, by testing 21 individuals with aphasia and a control group and involving (a) several constructions (declarative sentences, relative clauses and control structures with an overt pronoun or PRO), (b) three response tasks (object manipulation, sentence-picture matching with/without self-paced listening), and (c) two test phases (to investigate test-retest performance). With this systematic, large-scale study we gained insights into variability in sentence comprehension. We found that the size of syntactic effects varied both in aphasia and in control participants. Whereas variability in control participants led to systematic changes, variability in individuals with aphasia was unsystematic across test phases or response tasks. The persistent occurrence of canonicity and interference effects across response tasks and test phases, however, shows that the performance is systematically influenced by syntactic complexity.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ReuschlTiberiusFilseretal.2021,
author = {Reuschl, Andreas and Tiberius, Victor and Filser, Matthias and Qiu, Yixin},
title = {Value configurations in sharing economy business models},
series = {Review of managerial science},
volume = {16},
journal = {Review of managerial science},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {1863-6683},
doi = {10.1007/s11846-020-00433-w},
pages = {89 -- 112},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The sharing economy gains momentum and develops a major economic impact on traditional markets and firms. However, only rudimentary theoretical and empirical insights exist on how sharing networks, i.e., focal firms, shared goods providers and customers, create and capture value in their sharing-based business models. We conduct a qualitative study to find key differences in sharing-based business models that are decisive for their value configurations. Our results show that (1) customization versus standardization of shared goods and (2) the centralization versus particularization of property rights over the shared goods are two important dimensions to distinguish value configurations. A second, quantitative study confirms the visibility and relevance of these dimensions to customers. We discuss strategic options for focal firms to design value configurations regarding the two dimensions to optimize value creation and value capture in sharing networks. Firms can use this two-dimensional search grid to explore untapped opportunities in the sharing economy.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HeisselBollmannKangasetal.2021,
author = {Heißel, Andreas and Bollmann, Julian and Kangas, Maria and Abdulla, K and Rapp, Michael A. and S{\´a}nchez Fern{\`a}ndez, Alba Cristina},
title = {Validation of the German version of the work and social adjustment scale in a sample of depressed patients},
series = {BMC health services research},
volume = {21},
journal = {BMC health services research},
publisher = {BioMed Central},
address = {London},
issn = {1472-6963},
doi = {10.1186/s12913-021-06622-x},
pages = {1 -- 11},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background Depression is one of the key factors contributing to difficulties in one's ability to work, and serves as one of the major reasons why employees apply for psychotherapy and receive insurance subsidization of treatments. Hence, an increasing and growing number of studies rely on workability assessment scales as their primary outcome measure. The Work and Social Assessment Scale (WSAS) has been documented as one of the most psychometrically reliable and valid tools especially developed to assess workability and social functioning in patients with mental health problems. Yet, the application of the WSAS in Germany has been limited due to the paucity of a valid questionnaire in the German language. The objective of the present study was to translate the WSAS, as a brief and easy administrable tool into German and test its psychometric properties in a sample of adults with depression. Methods Two hundred seventy-seven patients (M = 48.3 years, SD = 11.1) with mild to moderately severe depression were recruited. A multistep translation from English into the German language was performed and the factorial validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects were examined. Results The confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one-factor structure of the WSAS. Significant correlations with the WHODAS 2-0 questionnaire, a measure of functionality, demonstrated good convergent validity. Significant correlations with depression and quality of life demonstrated good criterion validity. The WSAS also demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .89), and the absence of floor and ceiling effects indicated good sensitivity of the instrument. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrated that the German version of the WSAS has good psychometric properties comparable to other international versions of this scale. The findings recommend a global assessment of psychosocial functioning with the sum score of the WSAS.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FitznerFrickeSchreineretal.2021,
author = {Fitzner, Maria and Fricke, Anna and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne},
title = {Utilization of regional natural brines for the indoor cultivation of Salicornia europaea},
series = {Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
volume = {13},
journal = {Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
number = {21},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2071-1050},
doi = {10.3390/su132112105},
pages = {12},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Scaling agriculture to the globally rising population demands new approaches for future crop production such as multilayer and multitrophic indoor farming. Moreover, there is a current trend towards sustainable local solutions for aquaculture and saline agriculture. In this context, halophytes are becoming increasingly important for research and the food industry. As Salicornia europaea is a highly salt-tolerant obligate halophyte that can be used as a food crop, indoor cultivation with saline water is of particular interest. Therefore, finding a sustainable alternative to the use of seawater in non-coastal regions is crucial. Our goal was to determine whether natural brines, which are widely distributed and often available in inland areas, provide an alternative water source for the cultivation of saline organisms. This case study investigated the potential use of natural brines for the production of S. europaea. In the control group, which reflects the optimal growth conditions, fresh weight was increased, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups comparing natural brines with artificial sea water. A similar pattern was observed for carotenoids and chlorophylls. Individual components showed significant differences. However, within treatments, there were mostly no changes. In summary, we showed that the influence of the different chloride concentrations was higher than the salt composition. Moreover, nutrient-enriched natural brine was demonstrated to be a suitable alternative for cultivation of S. europaea in terms of yield and nutritional quality. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence for the future potential of natural brine waters for the further development of aquaculture systems and saline agriculture in inland regions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BuchemOkatan2021,
author = {Buchem, Ilona and Okatan, Ebru},
title = {Using the Addie Model to Produce MOOCs},
series = {EMOOCs 2021},
volume = {2021},
journal = {EMOOCs 2021},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
isbn = {978-3-86956-512-5},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-51727},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517274},
pages = {249 -- 258},
year = {2021},
abstract = {MOOCs have been produced using a variety of instructional design approaches and frameworks. This paper presents experiences from the instructional approach based on the ADDIE model applied to designing and producing MOOCs in the Erasmus+ strategic partnership on Open Badge Ecosystem for Research Data Management (OBERRED). Specifically, this paper describes the case study of the production of the MOOC "Open Badges for Open Science", delivered on the European MOOC platform EMMA. The key goal of this MOOC is to help learners develop a capacity to use Open Badges in the field of Research Data Management (RDM). To produce the MOOC, the ADDIE model was applied as a generic instructional design model and a systematic approach to the design and development following the five design phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. This paper outlines the MOOC production including methods, templates and tools used in this process including the interactive micro-content created with H5P in form of Open Educational Resources and digital credentials created with Open Badges and issued to MOOC participants upon successful completion of MOOC levels. The paper also outlines the results from qualitative evaluation, which applied the cognitive walkthrough methodology to elicit user requirements. The paper ends with conclusions about pros and cons of using the ADDIE model in MOOC production and formulates recommendations for further work in this area.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Teichmann2021,
author = {Teichmann, Erik},
title = {Using phase dynamics to study partial synchrony},
series = {European physical journal special topics},
volume = {230},
journal = {European physical journal special topics},
number = {14-15},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Heidelberg},
issn = {1951-6355},
doi = {10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00156-3},
pages = {2833 -- 2842},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Partial synchronous states appear between full synchrony and asynchrony and exhibit many interesting properties. Most frequently, these states are studied within the framework of phase approximation. The latter is used ubiquitously to analyze coupled oscillatory systems. Typically, the phase dynamics description is obtained in the weak coupling limit, i.e., in the first-order in the coupling strength. The extension beyond the first-order represents an unsolved problem and is an active area of research. In this paper, three partially synchronous states are investigated and presented in order of increasing complexity. First, the usage of the phase response curve for the description of macroscopic oscillators is analyzed. To achieve this, the response of the mean-field oscillations in a model of all-to-all coupled limit-cycle oscillators to pulse stimulation is measured. The next part treats a two-group Kuramoto model, where the interaction of one attractive and one repulsive group results in an interesting solitary state, situated between full synchrony and self-consistent partial synchrony. In the last part, the phase dynamics of a relatively simple system of three Stuart-Landau oscillators are extended beyond the weak coupling limit. The resulting model contains triplet terms in the high-order phase approximation, though the structural connections are only pairwise. Finally, the scaling of the new terms with the coupling is analyzed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FreitasdaCruzPfahringerMartensenetal.2021,
author = {Freitas da Cruz, Harry and Pfahringer, Boris and Martensen, Tom and Schneider, Frederic and Meyer, Alexander and B{\"o}ttinger, Erwin and Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick},
title = {Using interpretability approaches to update "black-box" clinical prediction models},
series = {Artificial intelligence in medicine : AIM},
volume = {111},
journal = {Artificial intelligence in medicine : AIM},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0933-3657},
doi = {10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101982},
pages = {13},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Despite advances in machine learning-based clinical prediction models, only few of such models are actually deployed in clinical contexts. Among other reasons, this is due to a lack of validation studies. In this paper, we present and discuss the validation results of a machine learning model for the prediction of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients initially developed on the MIMIC-III dataset when applied to an external cohort of an American research hospital. To help account for the performance differences observed, we utilized interpretability methods based on feature importance, which allowed experts to scrutinize model behavior both at the global and local level, making it possible to gain further insights into why it did not behave as expected on the validation cohort. The knowledge gleaned upon derivation can be potentially useful to assist model update during validation for more generalizable and simpler models. We argue that interpretability methods should be considered by practitioners as a further tool to help explain performance differences and inform model update in validation studies.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WarmtFenzelHenkeletal.2021,
author = {Warmt, Christian and Fenzel, Carolin Kornelia and Henkel, J{\"o}rg and Bier, Frank Fabian},
title = {Using Cy5-dUTP labelling of RPA-amplicons with downstream microarray analysis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes},
series = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
journal = {Scientific reports},
number = {1},
publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
address = {[London]},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-99774-z},
pages = {9},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In this report we describe Cy5-dUTP labelling of recombinase-polymerase-amplification (RPA) products directly during the amplification process for the first time. Nucleic acid amplification techniques, especially polymerase-chain-reaction as well as various isothermal amplification methods such as RPA, becomes a promising tool in the detection of pathogens and target specific genes. Actually, RPA even provides more advantages. This isothermal method got popular in point of care diagnostics because of its speed and sensitivity but requires pre-labelled primer or probes for a following detection of the amplicons. To overcome this disadvantages, we performed an labelling of RPA-amplicons with Cy5-dUTP without the need of pre-labelled primers. The amplification results of various multiple antibiotic resistance genes indicating great potential as a flexible and promising tool with high specific and sensitive detection capabilities of the target genes. After the determination of an appropriate rate of 1\% Cy5-dUTP and 99\% unlabelled dTTP we were able to detect the bla(CTX-M15) gene in less than 1.6E-03 ng genomic DNA corresponding to approximately 200 cfu of Escherichia coli cells in only 40 min amplification time.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RigamontiEstelGehlenetal.2021,
author = {Rigamonti, Lia and Estel, Katharina and Gehlen, Tobias and Wolfarth, Bernd and Lawrence, James B. and Back, David A.},
title = {Use of artificial intelligence in sports medicine},
series = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine \& Rehabilitation},
volume = {13},
journal = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine \& Rehabilitation},
publisher = {BioMed Central},
address = {London},
issn = {2052-1847},
doi = {10.1186/s13102-021-00243-x},
pages = {17},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising areas in medicine with many possibilities for improving health and wellness. Already today, diagnostic decision support systems may help patients to estimate the severity of their complaints. This fictional case study aimed to test the diagnostic potential of an AI algorithm for common sports injuries and pathologies. Methods Based on a literature review and clinical expert experience, five fictional "common" cases of acute, and subacute injuries or chronic sport-related pathologies were created: Concussion, ankle sprain, muscle pain, chronic knee instability (after ACL rupture) and tennis elbow. The symptoms of these cases were entered into a freely available chatbot-guided AI app and its diagnoses were compared to the pre-defined injuries and pathologies. Results A mean of 25-36 questions were asked by the app per patient, with optional explanations of certain questions or illustrative photos on demand. It was stressed, that the symptom analysis would not replace a doctor's consultation. A 23-yr-old male patient case with a mild concussion was correctly diagnosed. An ankle sprain of a 27-yr-old female without ligament or bony lesions was also detected and an ER visit was suggested. Muscle pain in the thigh of a 19-yr-old male was correctly diagnosed. In the case of a 26-yr-old male with chronic ACL instability, the algorithm did not sufficiently cover the chronic aspect of the pathology, but the given recommendation of seeing a doctor would have helped the patient. Finally, the condition of the chronic epicondylitis in a 41-yr-old male was correctly detected. Conclusions All chosen injuries and pathologies were either correctly diagnosed or at least tagged with the right advice of when it is urgent for seeking a medical specialist. However, the quality of AI-based results could presumably depend on the data-driven experience of these programs as well as on the understanding of their users. Further studies should compare existing AI programs and their diagnostic accuracy for medical injuries and pathologies.},
language = {en}
}
@article{NehkTiberiusKraus2021,
author = {Nehk, Nadia and Tiberius, Victor and Kraus, Sascha},
title = {Urban air mobility},
series = {International journal of innovation and technology management},
volume = {18},
journal = {International journal of innovation and technology management},
number = {07},
publisher = {World Scientific},
address = {Singapore},
issn = {0219-8770},
doi = {10.1142/S0219877021500334},
pages = {30},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The growing global demand for efficient and sustainable urban mobility in metropolitan areas has created innovative approaches to new modes of transportation and vehicles. Using the Delphi method, this study explored the prospective development of urban air mobility (UAM), specifically the emergence of air taxis or vertical take-off and landing (VTOLs). The two-staged study examined 25 projections regarding technological and infrastructural aspects to propose a future scenario for UAM and air taxis for the next 5-10 years. The questioned experts confirmed most of the proposed statements from both areas but were undetermined regarding certain technological aspects. Considering the crucial impacts of regulation and certification as well as consumer perception and acceptance for UAM and air taxis, further research on these topics and their correlation is suggested.},
language = {en}
}
@article{QuanHaerkXuetal.2021,
author = {Quan, Ting and Haerk, Eneli and Xu, Yaolin and Ahmet, Ibbi and H{\"o}hn, Christian and Mei, Shilin and Lu, Yan},
title = {Unveiling the formation of solid electrolyte interphase and its temperature dependence in "Water-in-Salt" supercapacitors},
series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
volume = {13},
journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
number = {3},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1944-8244},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c19506},
pages = {3979 -- 3990},
year = {2021},
abstract = {"Water-in-salt" (WIS) electrolytes have emerged as an excellent superconcentrated ionic medium for high-power energy storage systems such as supercapacitors due to their extended working potential compared to the conventional dilute aqueous electrolyte. In this work, we have investigated the performance of WIS supercapacitors using hollow carbon nanoplates as electrodes and compared it to that based on the conventional "salt-in-water" electrolytes. Moreover, the potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been employed to provide an insightful look into the charge transport properties, which also, for the first time, reveals the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI and their temperature-dependent impedance for charge transfer and adsorption. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the electrochemical performance of the WIS supercapacitors in the temperature range from 15 to 60 degrees C has been studied, which presents a gravimetric capacitance of 128 F g(-1) and a volumetric capacitance of 197.12 F cm(-3) at 55 degrees C compared to 87.5 F g(-1) and 134.75 F cm(-3) at 15 degrees C. The in-depth understanding about the formation of SEI layer and the electrochemical performance at different temperatures for WIS supercapacitors will assist the efforts toward designing better aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitors.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchellWardelmannKleinridders2021,
author = {Schell, Mareike and Wardelmann, Kristina and Kleinridders, Andre},
title = {Untangling the effect of insulin action on brain mitochondria and metabolism},
series = {Journal of neuroendocrinology},
volume = {33},
journal = {Journal of neuroendocrinology},
number = {4},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {0953-8194},
doi = {10.1111/jne.12932},
pages = {14},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The regulation of energy homeostasis is controlled by the brain and, besides requiring high amounts of energy, it relies on functional insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling in the central nervous system. This energy is mainly provided by mitochondria in form of ATP. Thus, there is an intricate interplay between mitochondrial function and insulin/IGF-1 action to enable functional brain signalling and, accordingly, propagate a healthy metabolism. To adapt to different nutritional conditions, the brain is able to sense the current energy status via mitochondrial and insulin signalling-dependent pathways and exerts an appropriate metabolic response. However, regional, cell type and receptor-specific consequences of this interaction occur and are linked to diverse outcomes such as altered nutrient sensing, body weight regulation or even cognitive function. Impairments of this cross-talk can lead to obesity and glucose intolerance and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, yet they also induce a self-sustainable, dysfunctional 'metabolic triangle' characterised by insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the brain. The identification of causal factors deteriorating insulin action, mitochondrial function and concomitantly a signature of metabolic stress in the brain is of utter importance to offer novel mechanistic insights into development of the continuously rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. This review aims to determine the effect of insulin action on brain mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. It precisely outlines the interaction and differences between insulin action, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling and mitochondrial function; distinguishes between causality and association; and reveals its consequences for metabolism and cognition. We hypothesise that an improvement of at least one signalling pathway can overcome the vicious cycle of a self-perpetuating metabolic dysfunction in the brain present in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.},
language = {en}
}