@article{FitznerFrickeSchreineretal.2021, author = {Fitzner, Maria and Fricke, Anna and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Utilization of regional natural brines for the indoor cultivation of Salicornia europaea}, series = {Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su132112105}, pages = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Scaling agriculture to the globally rising population demands new approaches for future crop production such as multilayer and multitrophic indoor farming. Moreover, there is a current trend towards sustainable local solutions for aquaculture and saline agriculture. In this context, halophytes are becoming increasingly important for research and the food industry. As Salicornia europaea is a highly salt-tolerant obligate halophyte that can be used as a food crop, indoor cultivation with saline water is of particular interest. Therefore, finding a sustainable alternative to the use of seawater in non-coastal regions is crucial. Our goal was to determine whether natural brines, which are widely distributed and often available in inland areas, provide an alternative water source for the cultivation of saline organisms. This case study investigated the potential use of natural brines for the production of S. europaea. In the control group, which reflects the optimal growth conditions, fresh weight was increased, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups comparing natural brines with artificial sea water. A similar pattern was observed for carotenoids and chlorophylls. Individual components showed significant differences. However, within treatments, there were mostly no changes. In summary, we showed that the influence of the different chloride concentrations was higher than the salt composition. Moreover, nutrient-enriched natural brine was demonstrated to be a suitable alternative for cultivation of S. europaea in terms of yield and nutritional quality. Thus, the present study provides the first evidence for the future potential of natural brine waters for the further development of aquaculture systems and saline agriculture in inland regions.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinzeHanschenWiesnerReinholdetal.2018, author = {Heinze, Mandy and Hanschen, Franziska S. and Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie and Baldermann, Susanne and Gr{\"a}fe, Jan and Schreiner, Monika and Neugart, Susanne}, title = {Effects of Developmental Stages and Reduced UVB and Low UV Conditions on Plant Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis)}, series = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {66}, journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0021-8561}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03996}, pages = {1678 -- 1692}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is rich in secondary metabolites and contains numerous antioxidants, including flavonoids; hydroxycinnamic acids; carotenoids; chlorophylls; and glucosinolates, which can be hydrolyzed to epithionitriles, nitriles, or isothiocyanates. Here, we investigate the effect of reduced exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) and UV (UVA and UVB) light at four different developmental stages of pak choi. We found that both the plant morphology and secondary metabolite profiles were affected by reduced exposure to UVB and UV, depending on the plant's developmental stage. In detail, mature 15- and 30-leaf plants had higher concentrations of flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls, whereas sprouts contained high concentrations of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Dry weights and leaf areas increased as a result of reduced UVB and low UV. For the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in 30-leaf plants, less complex compounds were favored, for example, sinapic acid acylated kaempferol triglycoside instead of the corresponding tetraglycoside. Moreover, also in 30-leaf plants, zeaxanthin, a carotenoid linked to protection during photosynthesis, was increased under low UV conditions. Interestingly, most glucosinolates were not affected by reduced UVB and low UV conditions. However, this study underlines the importance of 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl glucosinolate in response to UVA and UVB exposure. Further, reduced UVB and low UV conditions resulted in higher concentrations of glucosinolate-derived nitriles. In conclusion, exposure to low doses of UVB and UV from the early to late developmental stages did not result in overall lower concentrations of plant secondary metabolites.}, language = {en} } @article{NeugartWiesnerReinholdFredeetal.2018, author = {Neugart, Susanne and Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie and Frede, Katja and Jander, Elisabeth and Homann, Thomas and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp chinensis}, series = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2018.00305}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).}, language = {en} } @article{KlopschBaldermannVossetal.2019, author = {Klopsch, Rebecca and Baldermann, Susanne and Voss, Alexander and Rohn, Sascha and Schreiner, Monika and Neugart, Susanne}, title = {Narrow-Banded UVB Affects the Stability of Secondary Plant Metabolites in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and Pea (Pisum sativum) Leaves Being Added to Lentil Flour Fortified Bread: A Novel Approach for Producing Functional Foods}, series = {Foods}, volume = {8}, journal = {Foods}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2304-8158}, doi = {10.3390/foods8100427}, pages = {20}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Young kale and pea leaves are rich in secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) whose profile can be affected by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Carotenoids and flavonoids in kale and pea exposed to narrow-banded UVB, produced by innovative light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and subsequently used for breadmaking were investigated for the first time, thus combining two important strategies to increase the SPMs intake. Breads were also fortified with protein-rich lentil flour. Antioxidant activity in the 'vegetable breads' indicated health-promoting effects. Lentil flour increased the antioxidant activity in all of the 'vegetable breads'. While carotenoids and chlorophylls showed a minor response to UVB treatment, kaempferol glycosides decreased in favor of increasing quercetin glycosides, especially in kale. Additionally, breadmaking caused major decreases in carotenoids and a conversion of chlorophyll to bioactive degradation products. In 'kale breads' and 'pea breads', 20\% and 84\% of flavonoid glycosides were recovered. Thus, kale and pea leaves seem to be suitable natural ingredients for producing innovative Functional Foods.}, language = {en} } @article{ErrardUlrichsKuehneetal.2016, author = {Errard, Audrey and Ulrichs, Christian and K{\"u}hne, Stefan and Mewis, Inga and Mishig, Narantuya and Maul, Ronald and Drungowski, Mario and Parolin, Pia and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Metabolite Profiling Reveals a Specific Response in Tomato to Predaceous Chrysoperla carnea Larvae and Herbivore(s)-Predator Interactions with the Generalist Pests Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2016.01256}, pages = {456 -- +}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) both infest a number of economically significant crops, including tomato (Solanurn lycopersicum). Although used for decades to control pests, the impact of green lacewing larvae Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on plant biochemistry was not investigated. Here, we used profiling methods and targeted analyses to explore the impact of the predator and herbivore(s)-predator interactions on tomato biochemistry. Each pest and pest -predator combination induced a characteristic metabolite signature in the leaf and the fruit thus, the plant exhibited a systemic response. The treatments had a stronger impact on non-volatile metabolites including abscisic acid and amino acids in the leaves in comparison with the fruits. In contrast, the various biotic factors had a greater impact on the carotenoids in the fruits. We identified volatiles such as myrcene and alpha-terpinene which were induced by pest -predator interactions but not by single species, and we demonstrated the involvement of the phytohormone abscisic acid in tritrophic interactions for the first time. More importantly, C. carnea larvae alone impacted the plant metabolome, but the predator did not appear to elicit particular defense pathways on its own. Since the presence of both C. carnea larvae and pest individuals elicited volatiles which were shown to contribute to plant defense, C. carnea larvae could therefore contribute to the reduction of pest infestation, not only by its preying activity, but also by priming responses to generalist herbivores such as T urticae and M. persicae. On the other hand, the use of C. carnea larvae alone did not impact carotenoids thus, was not prejudicial to the fruit quality. The present piece of research highlights the specific impact of predator and tritrophic interactions with green lacewing larvae, spider mites, and aphids on different components of the tomato primary and secondary metabolism for the first time, and provides cues for further in-depth studies aiming to integrate entomological approaches and plant biochemistry.}, language = {en} } @article{ErrardUlrichsKuehneetal.2015, author = {Errard, Audrey and Ulrichs, Christian and Kuehne, Stefan and Mewis, Inga and Drungowski, Mario and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Single- versus multiple-pest infestation affects differently the Biochemistry of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Ailsa Craig')}, series = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {63}, journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, number = {46}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0021-8561}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03884}, pages = {10103 -- 10111}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Tomato is susceptible to pest infestations by both spider mites and aphids. The effects of each individual pest on plants are known, whereas multiple-pest infestations have received little interest. We studied the effects of single-versus multiple-pest infestation by Tetranychus urticae and Myzus persicae on tomato biochemistry (Solanum lycopersicum) by combining a metabolomic approach and analyses of carotenoids using UHPLC-ToF-MS and volatiles using GC-MS. Plants responded differently to aphids and mites after 3 weeks of infestation, and a multiple infestation induced a specific metabolite composition in plants. In addition, we showed that volatiles emissions differed between the adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermes and identified compounds emitted particularly in response to a multiple infestation (cyclohexadecane, dodecane, aromadendrene, and beta-elemene). Finally, the carotenoid concentrations in leaves and stems were more affected by multiple than single infestations. Our study highlights and discusses the interplay of biotic stressors within the terpenoid metabolism.}, language = {en} }