@article{ZhouKurths2006,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Hierarchical synchronization in complex networks with heterogeneous degrees},
  issn      = {1054-1500},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.2150381},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {We study synchronization behavior in networks of coupled chaotic oscillators with heterogeneous connection degrees. Our focus is on regimes away from the complete synchronization state, when the coupling is not strong enough, when the oscillators are under the influence of noise or when the oscillators are nonidentical. We have found a hierarchical organization of the synchronization behavior with respect to the collective dynamics of the network. Oscillators with more connections (hubs) are synchronized more closely by the collective dynamics and constitute the dynamical core of the network. The numerical observation of this hierarchical synchronization is supported with an analysis based on a mean field approximation and the master stability function. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouKurths2002,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Noise-induced phase synchronization and synchronization transitions in chaotic oscillators},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouKurthsHu2001,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Hu, B.},
  title     = {Array-enhanced coherence resonance: Nontrivial effects of heterogeneity and spatial independence of noise},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouKurthsKissetal.2002,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Kiss, Istvan Z. and Hudson, J. L.},
  title     = {Noise-enhanced phase synchronization of chaotic oscillators},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouMotterKurths2006,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Motter, Adilson E. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Universality in the synchronization of weighted random networks},
  doi       = {10.1103/Physrevlett.96.034101},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Realistic networks display not only a complex topological structure, but also a heterogeneous distribution of weights in the connection strengths. Here we study synchronization in weighted complex networks and show that the synchronizability of random networks with a large minimum degree is determined by two leading parameters: the mean degree and the heterogeneity of the distribution of node's intensity, where the intensity of a node, defined as the total strength of input connections, is a natural combination of topology and weights. Our results provide a possibility for the control of synchronization in complex networks by the manipulation of a few parameters},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouZemanovaZamoraetal.2006,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Zemanova, Lucia and Zamora, Gorka and Hilgetag, Claus C. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Hierarchical organization unveiled by functional connectivity in complex brain networks},
  series = {Physical review letters},
  volume    = {97},
  journal   = {Physical review letters},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  address   = {College Park},
  issn      = {0031-9007},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.238103},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {How do diverse dynamical patterns arise from the topology of complex networks? We study synchronization dynamics in the cortical brain network of the cat, which displays a hierarchically clustered organization, by modeling each node (cortical area) with a subnetwork of interacting excitable neurons. We find that in the biologically plausible regime the dynamics exhibits a hierarchical modular organization, in particular, revealing functional clusters coinciding with the anatomical communities at different scales. Our results provide insights into the relationship between network topology and functional organization of complex brain networks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zhou2014,
  author    = {Zhou, Xu},
  title     = {Atmospheric interactions with land surface in the arctic based on regional climate model solutions},
  pages     = {143},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuShpritsSpasojevicetal.2019,
  author    = {Zhu, Hui and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Spasojevic, M. and Drozdov, Alexander},
  title     = {New hiss and chorus waves diffusion coefficient parameterizations from the Van Allen Probes and their effect on long-term relativistic electron radiation-belt VERB simulations},
  series = {Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics},
  volume    = {193},
  journal   = {Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1364-6826},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jastp.2019.105090},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {New wave frequency and amplitude models for the nightside and dayside chorus waves are built based on measurements from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) instrument onboard the Van Allen Probes. The corresponding 3D diffusion coefficients are systematically obtained. Compared with previous commonly-used (typical) parameterizations, the new parameterizations result in differences in diffusion rates that depend on the energy and pitch angle. Furthermore, one-year 3D diffusive simulations are performed using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code. Both typical and new wave parameterizations simulation results are in a good agreement with observations at 0.9 MeV. However, the new parameterizations for nightside chorus better reproduce the observed electron fluxes. These parameterizations will be incorporated into future modeling efforts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuKolloscheLuetal.2012,
  author    = {Zhu, Jian and Kollosche, Matthias and Lu, Tongqing and Kofod, Guggi and Suo, Zhigang},
  title     = {Two types of transitions to wrinkles in dielectric elastomers},
  series = {Soft matter},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Soft matter},
  number    = {34},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1744-683X},
  doi       = {10.1039/c2sm26034d},
  pages     = {8840 -- 8846},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {A membrane of a dielectric elastomer coated with compliant electrodes may form wrinkles as the applied voltage is ramped up. We present a combination of experiment and theory to investigate the transition to wrinkles using a clamped membrane subject to a constant force and a voltage ramp. Two types of transitions are identified. In type-I transition, the voltage-stretch curve is N-shaped, and flat and wrinkled regions coexist in separate areas of the membrane. The type-I transition progresses by nucleation of small wrinkled regions, followed by the growth of the wrinkled regions at the expense of the flat regions, until the entire membrane is wrinkled. By contrast, in type-II transition, the voltage-stretch curve is monotonic, and the entire flat membrane becomes wrinkled with no nucleation barrier. The two types of transitions are analogous to the first and the second order phase transitions. While the type-I transition is accompanied by a jump in the vertical displacement, type-II transition is accompanied by a continuous change in the vertical displacement. Such transitions may enable applications in muscle-like actuation and energy harvesting, where large deformation and large energy of conversion are desired.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuStoyanovKofodetal.2010,
  author    = {Zhu, Jian and Stoyanov, Hristiyan and Kofod, Guggi and Suo, Zhigang},
  title     = {Large deformation and electromechanical instability of a dielectric elastomer tube actuator},
  issn      = {0021-8979},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.3490186},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This paper theoretically analyzes a dielectric elastomer tube actuator (DETA). Subject to a voltage difference between the inner and outer surfaces, the actuator reduces in thickness and expands in length, so that the same voltage will induce an even higher electric field. This positive feedback may cause the actuator to thin down drastically, resulting in electrical breakdown. We obtain an analytical solution of the actuator undergoing finite deformation when the elastomer obeys the neo-Hookean model. The critical strain of actuation is calculated in terms of various parameters of design. We also discuss the effect of the strain-stiffening on electromechanical behavior of DETAs by using the model of freely joined links. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490186]},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuArmbrusterKatzorke2005,
  author    = {Zhu, M. Q. and Armbruster, Dieter and Katzorke, Ines},
  title     = {Does synchronization of networks of chaotic maps lead to control?},
  issn      = {1054-1500},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {We consider networks of chaotic maps with different network topologies. In each case, they are coupled in such a way as to generate synchronized chaotic solutions. By using the methods of control of chaos we are controlling a single map into a predetermined trajectory. We analyze the reaction of the network to such a control. Specifically we show that a line of one-dimensional logistic maps that are unidirectionally coupled can be controlled from the first oscillator whereas a ring of diffusively coupled maps cannot be controlled for more than 5 maps. We show that rings with more elements can be controlled if every third map is controlled. The dependence of unidirectionally coupled maps on noise is studied. The noise level leads to a finite synchronization lengths for which maps can be controlled by a single location. A two-dimensional lattice is also studied. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuSchulzBrumaetal.1996,
  author    = {Zhu, Shigen and Schulz, Burkhard and Bruma, Maria and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Comparative study of the thermal properties of related aromatic polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  issn      = {1042-7147},
  doi       = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199612)7:12<879::AID-PAT600>3.0.CO;2-X},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuangHolyStangletal.1999,
  author    = {Zhuang, Y. and Hol{\´y}, V{\´a}clav and Stangl, Jochen and Darhuber, A. and Mikulik, P. and Zerlauth, S. and Sch{\"a}ffler, F. and Bauer, G{\"u}nther and Darowski, Nora and L{\"u}bbert, Daniel and Pietsch, Ullrich},
  title     = {Strain relaxation in periodic arrays of Si/SiGe quantum wires determined by coplanar high-resolution x-ray diffrcation and grazing-incidence diffraction},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuangPietschStangletal.2000,
  author    = {Zhuang, Y. and Pietsch, Ullrich and Stangl, Jochen and Hol{\´y}, Vaclav and Darowski, Nora and Grenzer, J{\"o}rg and Zerlauth, S. and Sch{\"a}ffler, F. and Bauer, G{\"u}nther},
  title     = {In-plane strain and shape analysis of Si/SiGe nanostructures by grazing incidence diffraction},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuangSchellingStangletal.2000,
  author    = {Zhuang, Y. and Schelling, Christoph and Stangl, Jochen and Penn, C. and Senz, S. and Sch{\"a}ffler, Friedrich and Roche, T. and Daniel, A. and Grenzer, J{\"o}rg and Pietsch, Ullrich and Bauer, G{\"u}nther},
  title     = {Structural and optical properties of Si/Si{1-x}Ge{x} wires},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zickfeld2003,
  author    = {Zickfeld, Kirsten},
  title     = {Modeling large-scale singular climate events for integrated assessment},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001176},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Erkenntnisse aus pal{\"a}oklimatologischen Studien, theoretischen Betrachtungen und Modellsimulationen deuten darauf hin, dass anthropogene Emissionen von Treibhausgasen und Aerosolen zu großskaligen, singul{\"a}ren Klimaereignissen f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnten. Diese bezeichnen stark nichtlineare, abrupte Klima{\"a}nderungen, mit regionalen bis hin zu globalen Auswirkungen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung von Modellen zweier maßgeblicher Komponenten des Klimasystems, die singul{\"a}res Verhalten aufweisen k{\"o}nnten: die atlantische thermohaline Zirkulation (THC) und der indische Monsun. Diese Modelle sind so konzipiert, dass sie den Anforderungen der "Integrated Assessment"-Modellierung gen{\"u}gen, d.h., sie sind realistisch, recheneffizient, transparent und flexibel. Das THC-Modell ist ein einfaches, interhemisph{\"a}risches Boxmodell, das anhand von Daten kalibriert wird, die mit einem gekoppelten Klimamodell mittlerer Komplexit{\"a}t erzeugt wurden. Das Modell wird durch die globale Mitteltemperatur angetrieben, die mit Hilfe eines linearen Downscaling-Verfahrens in regionale W{\"a}rme- und S{\"u}ßwasserfl{\"u}sse {\"u}bersetzt wird. Die Ergebnisse einer Vielzahl von zeitabh{\"a}ngigen Simulationen zeigen, dass das Modell in der Lage ist, maßgebliche Eigenschaften des Verhaltens komplexer Klimamodelle wiederzugeben, wie die Sensitivit{\"a}t bez{\"u}glich des Ausmaßes, der regionalen Verteilung und der Rate der Klima{\"a}nderung. Der indische Monsun wird anhand eines neuartigen eindimensionalen Boxmodells der tropischen Atmosph{\"a}re beschrieben. Dieses enth{\"a}lt Parmetrisierungen der Oberfl{\"a}chen- und Strahlungsfl{\"u}sse, des hydrologischen Kreislaufs und derHydrologie der Landoberfl{\"a}che. Trotz des hohen Idealisierungsgrades ist das Modell in der Lage, relevante Aspekte der beobachteten Monsundynamik, wie z.B. den Jahresgang des Niederschlags und das Eintritts- sowie R{\"u}ckzugsdatum des Sommermonsuns, zufrieden stellend zu simulieren. Außerdem erfasst das Modell die Sensitivit{\"a}tdes Monsuns bez{\"u}glich {\"A}nderungen der Treibhausgas- und Aerosolkonzentrationen, die aus komplexeren Modellen bekannt sind. Eine vereinfachte Version des Monsunmodells wird f{\"u}r die Untersuchung des qualitativen Systemverhaltens in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von {\"A}nderungen der Randbedingungen eingesetzt. Das bemerkenswerteste Ergebnis ist das Auftreten einer Sattelknotenbifurkation des Sommermonsuns f{\"u}r kritische Werte der Albedo oder der Sonneneinstrahlung. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus weist das Modell zwei stabile Zust{\"a}nde auf: neben dem niederschlagsreichen Sommermonsun besteht ein Zustand, der sich durch einen schwachen hydrologischen Kreislauf auszeichnet. Das Beachtliche an diesen Ergebnissen ist, dass anthropogene St{\"o}rungen der plantetaren Albedo, wie Schwefelemissionen und/oder Landnutzungs{\"a}nderungen, zu einer Destabilisierung des indischen Monsuns f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnten. Das THC-Boxmodell findet exemplarische Anwendung in einem "Integrated Assessment" von Klimaschutzstrategien. Basierend auf dem konzeptionellen und methodischen Ger{\"u}st des Leitplankenansatzes werden Emissionskorridore (d.h. zul{\"a}ssige Spannen an CO2-Emissionen) berechnet, die das Risiko eines THC-Zusammenbruchs begrenzen sowie sozio{\"o}konomische Randbedingungen ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u.a. eine starke Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Breite der Emissionskorridore von der Klima- und hydrologischen Sensitivit{\"a}t. F{\"u}r kleine Werte einer oder beider Sensitivit{\"a}ten liegt der obere Korridorrand bei weit h{\"o}heren Emissionswerten als jene, die von plausiblen Emissionsszenarien f{\"u}r das 21. Jahrhundert erreicht werden. F{\"u}r große Werte der Sensitivit{\"a}ten hingegen, verlassen schon niedrige Emissionsszenarien den Korridor in den fr{\"u}hen Jahrzehnten des 21. Jahrhunderts. Dies impliziert eine Abkehr von den gegenw{\"a}rtigen Emissionstrends innherhalb der kommenden Jahrzehnte, wenn das Risko eines THC Zusammenbruchs gering gehalten werden soll. Anhand einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen - von Sensitivit{\"a}ts- {\"u}ber Bifurkationsanalysen hin zu integrierter Modellierung - zeigt diese Arbeit den Wert reduzierter Modelle auf. Die Ergebnisse und die daraus zu ziehenden Schlussfolgerungen liefern einen wertvollen Beitrag zu der wissenschaftlichen und politischen Diskussion bez{\"u}glich der Folgen des anthropogenen Klimawandels und der langfristigen Klimaschutzziele.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZieglerFischerMenzeletal.1998,
  author    = {Ziegler, A. and Fischer, Thomas M. and Menzel, Henning and Stumpe, Joachim},
  title     = {Photo-Induced modification and photo-orientation in LB-multilayers of thermotropic polymers containing azobenzene side groups},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiehmannSmithKurths1999,
  author    = {Ziehmann, Christine and Smith, L. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The bootstrap and lyapunov exponents in deterministic chaos},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiehmannSmithKurths2000,
  author    = {Ziehmann, Christine and Smith, Leonard A. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Localized Lyapunov exponents and the prediction of predictability},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZienickeSeehaferFeudel1998,
  author    = {Zienicke, Egbert and Seehafer, Norbert and Feudel, Fred},
  title     = {Bifurcations in two-dimensional Rayleigh-B{\´e}nard convection},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}