@article{BergstroemKuhlmannLaffinetal.2022,
  author    = {Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas and Kuhlmann, Sabine and Laffin, Martin and Wayenberg, Ellen},
  title     = {Special issue on comparative intergovernmental relations and the pandemic},
  series = {Local government studies},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Local government studies},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0300-3930},
  doi       = {10.1080/03003930.2022.2039636},
  pages     = {179 -- 190},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This introduction and the special issue are a contribution to comparative intergovernmental studies and public administration. This introduction provides an analytical overview of the intergovernmental relations policy responses to the Covid-19 pandemic across ten European countries, focussing on the early waves of the disease. These policy responses are analysed in terms of three types of IGR process: (1) a predominantly multi-layered policy process involving limited conflict, (2) a centralised policy process as the central government attempts to suppress conflict and (3) a conflicted policy process where such attempts are contested and tend to contribute to poor policy outcomes. The conclusion, then, reviews the difficulties and trade-offs involved in attaining a balanced multi-layered, intergovernmental process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergstroemFranzkeKuhlmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas and Franzke, Jochen and Kuhlmann, Sabine and Wayenberg, Ellen},
  title     = {Future Outlook and Scenarios},
  series = {The Future of Local Self-Government : European Trends in Autonomy, Innovations and Central-Local Relations},
  journal   = {The Future of Local Self-Government : European Trends in Autonomy, Innovations and Central-Local Relations},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-56058-4},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_20},
  pages     = {227 -- 286},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Where is local self-government heading in the future? Among trends identified is firstly an intensification of multilevel, intermunicipal, and cross-border governance. In the future even more of cooperation and coordination among different political and administrative levels will be required. Territorial boundaries have become increasingly incongruent with functional public activities. Secondly, the innovative potential of introducing markets as templates for organisational reform has reached its end. Future reforms will most likely try to adapt market reforms to local public contexts, or even reverse the development. Finally, a tightening of state steering and an increased dependence on state funding to uphold local services is expected. Waves of amalgamations might slow down this process but they will not make financial problems disappear completely.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuhlmannWayenbergBergstroemetal.2021,
  author    = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Wayenberg, Ellen and Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas and Franzke, Jochen},
  title     = {The Essence and Transformation of Local Self-Government in Western Europe},
  series = {The Future of Local Self-Government : European Trends in Autonomy, Innovations and Central-Local Relations},
  journal   = {The Future of Local Self-Government : European Trends in Autonomy, Innovations and Central-Local Relations},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-56059-1},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_1},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {All over Europe, cities and municipalities face new and numerous challenges to uphold their unique self-governing role in society. This intriguing reality underscores this volume's ambition of brightening the future of local self-government. After further elaborating on this relevant background and the approach taken, the first chapter introduces three main dimensions of analysis. They are key to the volume's subsequent parts on the essence of local government's autonomy, its transformations in the light of digitalisation, marketisation and amalgamation and, finally, its changing intergovernmental relations concerning supervision and subnational policy-making. This volume covers eight countries, spread over Europe. And so, this introductory chapter ends with highlighting main features of the different local government systems involved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergstroemCopusFranzkeetal.2019,
  author    = {Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas and Copus, Colin and Franzke, Jochen and Ruano, Jose M. and Schaap, Linze and Vakkala, Hanna},
  title     = {Combining European Research on Local Governance and Local Democracy},
  series = {Public Administration in Europe : The Contribution of EGPA},
  journal   = {Public Administration in Europe : The Contribution of EGPA},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-92855-5},
  pages     = {135 -- 145},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The contribution summarises the scientific discussion and research activities of the EGPA Permanent Study Group 4 (PSG 4) "Local Governance and Local Democracy", founded in 2005. The impetus for proposing this specific PSG was the growing importance of the local level within the multi-level governance system in the European Union and most of its member states. The PSG 4 acts as a European network of research activities inside and outside EGPA, producing joint publications and organising scientific debates on many problems of the development of municipalities and local authorities. Our focus was on discussing both how to improve democracy by increased participation and deliberation, and how to secure provision of services in an efficient way in developed welfare societies. This includes analysing several forms of administrative changes and reforms at the local level and research of representative, direct and cooperative democracy at local level in a cross-European comparison.},
  language  = {en}
}