@misc{JonesGonzalezFortesConnelletal.2015, author = {Jones, Eppie R. and Gonz{\´a}lez-Fortes, Gloria M. and Connell, Sarah and Siska, Veronika and Eriksson, Anders and Martiniano, Rui and McLaughlin, Russell L. and Llorente, Marcos Gallego and Cassidy, Lara M. and Gamba, Cristina and Meshveliani, Tengiz and Bar-Yosef, Ofer and M{\"u}ller, Werner and Belfer-Cohen, Anna and Matskevich, Zinovi and Jakeli, Nino and Higham, Thomas F. G. and Currat, Mathias and Lordkipanidze, David and Hofreiter, Michael and Manica, Andrea and Pinhasi, Ron and Bradley, Daniel G.}, title = {Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1334}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43931}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439317}, pages = {8}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ∼45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ∼25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ∼3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.}, language = {en} } @misc{HortobagyiLesinskiGaebleretal.2015, author = {Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Lesinski, Melanie and G{\"a}bler, Martijn and VanSwearingen, Jessie M. and Malatesta, Davide and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of three types of exercise interventions on healthy old adults' gait speed}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43115}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431150}, pages = {17}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Habitual walking speed predicts many clinical conditions later in life, but it declines with age. However, which particular exercise intervention can minimize the age-related gait speed loss is unclear. Purpose: Our objective was to determine the effects of strength, power, coordination, and multimodal exercise training on healthy old adults' habitual and fast gait speed. Methods: We performed a computerized systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge from January 1984 up to December 2014. Search terms included 'Resistance training', 'power training', 'coordination training', 'multimodal training', and 'gait speed (outcome term). Inclusion criteria were articles available in full text, publication period over past 30 years, human species, journal articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, English as publication language, and subject age C65 years. The methodological quality of all eligible intervention studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. We computed weighted average standardized mean differences of the intervention-induced adaptations in gait speed using a random-effects model and tested for overall and individual intervention effects relative to no-exercise controls. Results: A total of 42 studies (mean PEDro score of 5.0 +/- 1.2) were included in the analyses (2495 healthy old adults; age 74.2 years [64.4-82.7]; body mass 69.9 +/- 4.9 kg, height 1.64 +/- 0.05 m, body mass index 26.4 +/- 1.9 kg/m(2), and gait speed 1.22 +/- 0.18 m/s). The search identified only one power training study, therefore the subsequent analyses focused only on the effects of resistance, coordination, and multimodal training on gait speed. The three types of intervention improved gait speed in the three experimental groups combined (n = 1297) by 0.10 m/s (+/- 0.12) or 8.4 \% (+/- 9.7), with a large effect size (ES) of 0.84. Resistance (24 studies; n = 613; 0.11 m/s; 9.3 \%; ES: 0.84), coordination (eight studies, n = 198; 0.09 m/s; 7.6 \%; ES: 0.76), and multimodal training (19 studies; n = 486; 0.09 m/s; 8.4 \%, ES: 0.86) increased gait speed statistically and similarly. Conclusions: Commonly used exercise interventions can functionally and clinically increase habitual and fast gait speed and help slow the loss of gait speed or delay its onset.}, language = {en} } @misc{HartmannHasenkampMayeretal.2015, author = {Hartmann, Stefanie and Hasenkamp, Natascha and Mayer, Jens and Michaux, Johan and Morand, Serge and Mazzoni, Camila J. and Roca, Alfred L. and Greenwood, Alex D.}, title = {Endogenous murine leukemia retroviral variation across wild European and inbred strains of house mouse}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1329}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43120}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431200}, pages = {13}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Endogenous murine leukemia retroviruses (MLVs) are high copy number proviral elements difficult to comprehensively characterize using standard low throughput sequencing approaches. However, high throughput approaches generate data that is challenging to process, interpret and present. Results: Next generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated for MLVs from two wild caught Mus musculus domesticus (from mainland France and Corsica) and for inbred laboratory mouse strains C3H, LP/J and SJL. Sequence reads were grouped using a novel sequence clustering approach as applied to retroviral sequences. A Markov cluster algorithm was employed, and the sequence reads were queried for matches to specific xenotropic (Xmv), polytropic (Pmv) and modified polytropic (Mpmv) viral reference sequences. Conclusions: Various MLV subtypes were more widespread than expected among the mice, which may be due to the higher coverage of NGS, or to the presence of similar sequence across many different proviral loci. The results did not correlate with variation in the major MLV receptor Xpr1, which can restrict exogenous MLVs, suggesting that endogenous MLV distribution may reflect gene flow more than past resistance to infection.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-58254, title = {Open Access-Strategie der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58254}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582541}, pages = {22}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die Open Access-Strategie der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam verfolgt das Ziel, den offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen von Wissenschaftlern der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam nachhaltig zu f{\"o}rdern. Dazu werden sieben {\"u}bergeordnete strategische Ziele definiert, aus denen in einem zweiten Schritt konkrete Handlungsfelder abgeleitet werden. Die Strategie wurde am 16.12.2015 vom Senat der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam zustimmend zur Kenntnis genommen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Guenther2015, author = {G{\"u}nther, Stephanie}, title = {Krisen und Krisenbearbeitung im Referendariat}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {703}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43553}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435532}, pages = {5}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @misc{MardoukhiJeonMetzler2015, author = {Mardoukhi, Yousof and Jeon, Jae-Hyung and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Geometry controlled anomalous diffusion in random fractal geometries}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {980}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47486}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474864}, pages = {30134 -- 30147}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We investigate the ergodic properties of a random walker performing (anomalous) diffusion on a random fractal geometry. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the motion of tracer particles on an ensemble of realisations of percolation clusters are performed for a wide range of percolation densities. Single trajectories of the tracer motion are analysed to quantify the time averaged mean squared displacement (MSD) and to compare this with the ensemble averaged MSD of the particle motion. Other complementary physical observables associated with ergodicity are studied, as well. It turns out that the time averaged MSD of individual realisations exhibits non-vanishing fluctuations even in the limit of very long observation times as the percolation density approaches the critical value. This apparent non-ergodic behaviour concurs with the ergodic behaviour on the ensemble averaged level. We demonstrate how the non-vanishing fluctuations in single particle trajectories are analytically expressed in terms of the fractal dimension and the cluster size distribution of the random geometry, thus being of purely geometrical origin. Moreover, we reveal that the convergence scaling law to ergodicity, which is known to be inversely proportional to the observation time T for ergodic diffusion processes, follows a power-law ∼T-h with h < 1 due to the fractal structure of the accessible space. These results provide useful measures for differentiating the subdiffusion on random fractals from an otherwise closely related process, namely, fractional Brownian motion. Implications of our results on the analysis of single particle tracking experiments are provided.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlterMeyerPostetal.2015, author = {Alter, S. Elizabeth and Meyer, Matthias and Post, Klaas and Czechowski, Paul and Gravlund, Peter and Gaines, Cork and Rosenbaum, Howard C. and Kaschner, Kristin and Turvey, Samuel T. and van der Plicht, Johannes and Shapiro, Beth and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Climate impacts on transocean dispersal and habitat in gray whales from the Pleistocene to 2100}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {965}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43892}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438920}, pages = {1510 -- 1522}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among those marine species likely to be strongly affected by Arctic climate change, but a thorough analysis of past climate impacts on this species has been complicated by lack of information about an extinct population in the Atlantic. While little is known about the history of Atlantic gray whales or their relationship to the extant Pacific population, the extirpation of the Atlantic population during historical times has been attributed to whaling. We used a combination of ancient and modern DNA, radiocarbon dating and predictive habitat modelling to better understand the distribution of gray whales during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results reveal that dispersal between the Pacific and Atlantic was climate dependent and occurred both during the Pleistocene prior to the last glacial period and the early Holocene immediately following the opening of the Bering Strait. Genetic diversity in the Atlantic declined over an extended interval that predates the period of intensive commercial whaling, indicating this decline may have been precipitated by Holocene climate or other ecological causes. These first genetic data for Atlantic gray whales, particularly when combined with predictive habitat models for the year 2100, suggest that two recent sightings of gray whales in the Atlantic may represent the beginning of the expansion of this species' habitat beyond its currently realized range.}, language = {en} } @misc{HofreiterPaijmansGoodchildetal.2015, author = {Hofreiter, Michael and Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Goodchild, Helen and Speller, Camilla F. and Barlow, Axel and Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria M. and Thomas, Jessica A. and Ludwig, Arne and Collins, Matthew J.}, title = {The future of ancient DNA}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {908}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43881}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438816}, pages = {284 -- 295}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Technological innovations such as next generation sequencing and DNA hybridisation enrichment have resulted in multi-fold increases in both the quantity of ancient DNA sequence data and the time depth for DNA retrieval. To date, over 30 ancient genomes have been sequenced, moving from 0.7x coverage (mammoth) in 2008 to more than 50x coverage (Neanderthal) in 2014. Studies of rapid evolutionary changes, such as the evolution and spread of pathogens and the genetic responses of hosts, or the genetics of domestication and climatic adaptation, are developing swiftly and the importance of palaeogenomics for investigating evolutionary processes during the last million years is likely to increase considerably. However, these new datasets require new methods of data processing and analysis, as well as conceptual changes in interpreting the results. In this review we highlight important areas of future technical and conceptual progress and discuss research topics in the rapidly growing field of palaeogenomics.}, language = {en} } @misc{DittmarSeyfriedKaeveretal.2015, author = {Dittmar, Fanni and Seyfried, Salim and Kaever, Volkhard and Seifert, Roland}, title = {Zebrafish as model organism for cNMP research}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {902}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43697}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436978}, pages = {4}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @misc{GranacherHortobagyi2015, author = {Granacher, Urs and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor}, title = {Exercise to improve mobility in healthy aging}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {897}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43241}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432419}, pages = {4}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @misc{HortobagyiLesinskiFernandez‐del‐Olmoetal.2015, author = {Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Lesinski, Melanie and Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {627}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43199}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431993}, pages = {23}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Purpose We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Results Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 \% acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (-6.4 \%, effect size = -0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 \%, effect size = -0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.9 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 \% chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 \%, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.2 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Conclusions Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{KleibrinkNiehavesPalopetal.2015, author = {Kleibrink, Alexander and Niehaves, Bj{\"o}rn and Palop, Pau and S{\"o}rvik, Jens and Thapa, Basanta E. P.}, title = {Regional ICT innovation in the European Union}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {124}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43160}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431608}, pages = {320 -- 333}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In the current programming period, European Union (EU) regions and member states that want to use European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) are required to develop innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) based on the idea of rational strategic management. In order to explore the relationship between strategic policy design and policy performance, this article maps regional strategies for information and communication technologies (ICT) and their effects in the period 2008-2012. Furthermore, it generates suggestions for relevant case studies. We first conduct a quantitative analysis of the effects of ICT strategies and ERDF expenditure on regional ICT performance in Western European regions. ICT is a relevant priority for many regions, and it reflects EU priorities fostering ICT activities through regional development funds. Second, we propose a framework to categorize EU regions in the context of ICT policy based on the expected distribution of regional ICT performance. Our analysis covers 97 regions in 9 EU member states, out of which 29 have had a dedicated ICT strategy. In line with ideas of rational strategic management, our working hypothesis states that regions with a dedicated strategy should display better performance. However, our findings suggest that having a dedicated ICT strategy has not had a clear effect on performance in terms of Internet and broadband access, while allocating dedicated ERDF and other expenditure to Internet infrastructure has had a positive effect. At first sight, this questions the effectiveness of rational strategic management. Yet, more research is needed to assess the quality of ICT strategies and their fit with broader innovation agendas. It is indeed the degree of embeddedness of ICT in the regional innovation ecosystem that is likely to condition the effect of strategies on performance. To this end, our mapping indicates interesting case studies, and we suggest additional factors to be taken into account in future analyses. New insights into strategy design and performance will also be important to inform the implementation of the new generation of innovation strategies for smart specialization.}, language = {en} } @misc{AcevedoReichCubasch2015, author = {Acevedo, Walter and Reich, Sebastian and Cubasch, Ulrich}, title = {Towards the assimilation of tree-ring-width records using ensemble Kalman filtering techniques}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, volume = {46}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {892}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43636}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436363}, pages = {1909 -- 1920}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This paper investigates the applicability of the Vaganov-Shashkin-Lite (VSL) forward model for tree-ring-width chronologies as observation operator within a proxy data assimilation (DA) setting. Based on the principle of limiting factors, VSL combines temperature and moisture time series in a nonlinear fashion to obtain simulated TRW chronologies. When used as observation operator, this modelling approach implies three compounding, challenging features: (1) time averaging, (2) "switching recording" of 2 variables and (3) bounded response windows leading to "thresholded response". We generate pseudo-TRW observations from a chaotic 2-scale dynamical system, used as a cartoon of the atmosphere-land system, and attempt to assimilate them via ensemble Kalman filtering techniques. Results within our simplified setting reveal that VSL's nonlinearities may lead to considerable loss of assimilation skill, as compared to the utilization of a time-averaged (TA) linear observation operator. In order to understand this undesired effect, we embed VSL's formulation into the framework of fuzzy logic (FL) theory, which thereby exposes multiple representations of the principle of limiting factors. DA experiments employing three alternative growth rate functions disclose a strong link between the lack of smoothness of the growth rate function and the loss of optimality in the estimate of the TA state. Accordingly, VSL's performance as observation operator can be enhanced by resorting to smoother FL representations of the principle of limiting factors. This finding fosters new interpretations of tree-ring-growth limitation processes.}, language = {en} } @misc{Daviter2015, author = {Daviter, Falk}, title = {The political use of knowledge in the policy process}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {123}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43548}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435481}, pages = {491 -- 505}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The role of knowledge in the policy process remains a central theoretical puzzle in policy analysis and political science. This article argues that an important yet missing piece of this puzzle is the systematic exploration of the political use of policy knowledge. While much of the recent debate has focused on the question of how the substantive use of knowledge can improve the quality of policy choices, our understanding of the political use of knowledge and its effects in the policy process has remained deficient in key respects. A revised conceptualization of the political use of knowledge is introduced that emphasizes how conflicting knowledge can be used to contest given structures of policy authority. This allows the analysis to differentiate between knowledge creep and knowledge shifts as two distinct types of knowledge effects in the policy process. While knowledge creep is associated with incremental policy change within existing policy structures, knowledge shifts are linked to more fundamental policy change in situations when the structures of policy authority undergo some level of transformation. The article concludes by identifying characteristics of the administrative structure of policy systems or sectors that make knowledge shifts more or less likely.}, language = {en} } @misc{NowakRussoSchlapbachetal.2015, author = {Nowak, Michael D. and Russo, Giancarlo and Schlapbach, Ralph and Huu, Cuong Nguyen and Lenhard, Michael and Conti, Elena}, title = {The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {879}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43508}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435088}, pages = {19}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background The flowering plant Primula veris is a common spring blooming perennial that is widely cultivated throughout Europe. This species is an established model system in the study of the genetics, evolution, and ecology of heterostylous floral polymorphisms. Despite the long history of research focused on this and related species, the continued development of this system has been restricted due the absence of genomic and transcriptomic resources. Results We present here a de novo draft genome assembly of P. veris covering 301.8 Mb, or approximately 63\% of the estimated 479.22 Mb genome, with an N50 contig size of 9.5 Kb, an N50 scaffold size of 164 Kb, and containing an estimated 19,507 genes. The results of a RADseq bulk segregant analysis allow for the confident identification of four genome scaffolds that are linked to the P. veris S-locus. RNAseq data from both P. veris and the closely related species P. vulgaris allow for the characterization of 113 candidate heterostyly genes that show significant floral morph-specific differential expression. One candidate gene of particular interest is a duplicated GLOBOSA homolog that may be unique to Primula (PveGLO2), and is completely silenced in L-morph flowers. Conclusions The P. veris genome represents the first genome assembled from a heterostylous species, and thus provides an immensely important resource for future studies focused on the evolution and genetic dissection of heterostyly. As the first genome assembled from the Primulaceae, the P. veris genome will also facilitate the expanded application of phylogenomic methods in this diverse family and the eudicots as a whole.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrownDonadiniNilssonetal.2015, author = {Brown, Maxwell C. and Donadini, Fabio and Nilsson, Andreas and Panovska, Sanja and Frank, Ute and Korhonen, Kimmo and Schuberth, Maximilian and Korte, Monika and Constable, Catherine G.}, title = {GEOMAGIA50.v3}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {875}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43476}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434768}, pages = {21}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: GEOMAGIA50.v3 for sediments is a comprehensive online database providing access to published paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and chronological data obtained from lake and marine sediments deposited over the past 50 ka. Its objective is to catalogue data that will improve our understanding of changes in the geomagnetic field, physical environments, and climate. Findings: GEOMAGIA50.v3 for sediments builds upon the structure of the pre-existing GEOMAGIA50 database for magnetic data from archeological and volcanic materials. A strong emphasis has been placed on the storage of geochronological data, and it is the first magnetic archive that includes comprehensive radiocarbon age data from sediments. The database will be updated as new sediment data become available. Conclusions: The web-based interface for the sediment database is located at http://geomagia.gfz-potsdam.de/geomagiav3/SDquery.php. This paper is a companion to Brown et al. (Earth Planets Space doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0232-0,2015) and describes the data types, structure, and functionality of the sediment database.}, language = {en} } @misc{HermanussenSchefflerGrothetal.2015, author = {Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane and Groth, Detlef and Aßmann, Christian}, title = {Height and skeletal morphology in relation to modern life style}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {869}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43481}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434814}, pages = {7}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Height and skeletal morphology strongly relate to life style. Parallel to the decrease in physical activity and locomotion, modern people are slimmer in skeletal proportions. In German children and adolescents, elbow breadth and particularly relative pelvic breadth (50th centile of bicristal distance divided by body height) have significantly decreased in recent years. Even more evident than the changes in pelvic morphology are the rapid changes in body height in most modern countries since the end-19th and particularly since the mid-20th century. Modern Japanese mature earlier; the age at take-off (ATO, the age at which the adolescent growth spurt starts) decreases, and they are taller at all ages. Preece-Baines modelling of six national samples of Japanese children and adolescents, surveyed between 1955 and 2000, shows that this gain in height is largely an adolescent trend, whereas height at take-off (HTO) increased by less than 3 cm since 1955; adolescent growth (height gain between ATO and adult age) increased by 6 cm. The effect of globalization on the modern post-war Japanese society ("community effect in height") on adolescent growth is discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{LiesenjohannLiesenjohannTrebatickaetal.2015, author = {Liesenjohann, Thilo and Liesenjohann, Monique and Trebaticka, Lenka and Sundell, Janne and Haapakoski, Marko and Yl{\"o}nen, Hannu and Eccard, Jana}, title = {State-dependent foraging}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {857}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43287}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432878}, pages = {747 -- 754}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Parental care often produces a trade-off between meeting nutritional demands of offspring and the duties of offspring protection, especially in altricial species. Parents have to leave their young unattended for foraging trips, during which nestlings are exposed to predators. We investigated how rodent mothers of altricial young respond to risk of nest predation in their foraging decisions. We studied foraging behavior of lactating bank voles (Myodes glareolus) exposed to a nest predator, the common shrew (Sorex araneus). We conducted the experiment in summer (high resource provisioning for both species) and autumn (less food available) in 12 replicates with fully crossed factors "shrew presence" and "season." We monitored use of feeding stations near and far from the nest as measurement of foraging activity and strategic foraging behavior. Vole mothers adapted their strategies to shrew presence and optimized their foraging behavior according to seasonal constraints, resulting in an interaction of treatment and season. In summer, shrew presence reduced food intake from feeding stations, while it enhanced intake in autumn. Shrew presence decreased the number of visited feeding stations in autumn and concentrated mother's foraging efforts to fewer stations. Independent of shrew presence or season, mothers foraged more in patches further away from the nest than near the nest. Results indicate that females are not investing in nest guarding but try to avoid the accumulation of olfactory cues near the nest leading a predator to the young. Additionally, our study shows how foraging strategies and nest attendance are influenced by seasonal food provision.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnappLaluezaFoxHofreiter2015, author = {Knapp, Michael and Lalueza-Fox, Carles and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Re-inventing ancient human DNA}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {853}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431775}, pages = {14}, year = {2015}, abstract = {For a long time, the analysis of ancient human DNA represented one of the most controversial disciplines in an already controversial field of research. Scepticism in this field was only matched by the long-lasting controversy over the authenticity of ancient pathogen DNA. This ambiguous view on ancient human DNA had a dichotomous root. On the one hand, the interest in ancient human DNA is great because such studies touch on the history and evolution of our own species. On the other hand, because these studies are dealing with samples from our own species, results are easily compromised by contamination of the experiments with modern human DNA, which is ubiquitous in the environment. Consequently, some of the most disputed studies published - apart maybe from early reports on million year old dinosaur or amber DNA - reported DNA analyses from human subfossil remains. However, the development of so-called next- or second-generation sequencing (SGS) in 2005 and the technological advances associated with it have generated new confidence in the genetic study of ancient human remains. The ability to sequence shorter DNA fragments than with PCR amplification coupled to traditional Sanger sequencing, along with very high sequencing throughput have both reduced the risk of sequencing modern contamination and provided tools to evaluate the authenticity of DNA sequence data. The field is now rapidly developing, providing unprecedented insights into the evolution of our own species and past human population dynamics as well as the evolution and history of human pathogens and epidemics. Here, we review how recent technological improvements have rapidly transformed ancient human DNA research from a highly controversial subject to a central component of modern anthropological research. We also discuss potential future directions of ancient human DNA research.}, language = {en} } @misc{HerbstFranzkeWickeetal.2015, author = {Herbst, Uta and Franzke, Jochen and Wicke, Markus and Weber, Susann and Dobrigkeit, Philipp and Mikulcov{\´a}, Anna and Wanagas, Torsten and Sim, Chu-Won and Klosa, Sven and Geißler-Gr{\"u}nberg, Anke and Winter, Jean-Pierre and Koch, Helvi and Henrich, Lutz and K{\"o}nig, Julia and Stab, Uwe and Schmidt, Sina and Knuth, Alexander}, title = {Portal alumni}, series = {Das Ehemaligen-Magazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, journal = {Das Ehemaligen-Magazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, number = {12}, organization = {Stabsstelle Studierendenmarketing/Alumniprogramm Im Auftrag der Pr{\"a}sidentin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, issn = {1613-2343}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44529}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445297}, pages = {68}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die Beliebtheit von Medienberufen ist ungebrochen. Das zeigt sich unter anderem an der Zahl der Studieninteressierten. So haben sich allein in diesem Jahr mehr als 1 500 junge Leute auf einen der 44 Pl{\"a}tze f{\"u}r den Studiengang Medienwissenschaft an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam beworben. Nach ihrem erfolgreichen Abschluss allerdings konkurrieren die Absolventen am Arbeitsmarkt mit Tausenden Abg{\"a}ngern anderer Hochschulen aus Film-, Medien- und Kommunikationsstudieng{\"a}ngen. Das sind allein in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg j{\"a}hrlich etwa 1 500. Doch nach jahrzehntelangem Boom der Medienbranche hat sich der Arbeitsmarkt im vergangenen Jahrzehnt drastisch ver{\"a}ndert. Konjunkturkrise, Kursr{\"u}ckg{\"a}nge und r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufige Werbeinvestitionen schw{\"a}chten die Medien deutlich. Es folgten daraus schlechte Gewinnergebnisse, Einsparungen und Personalreduzierung, insbesondere bei den Printmedien. Die Insolvenz der Frankfurter Rundschau oder die Einstellung der Financial Times Deutschland sind nur zwei eklatante Beispiele. Auf der anderen Seite boomt der dynamische Online-Markt aufgrund des ver{\"a}nderten Nutzerverhaltens insbesondere der jungen Generation, die ihre Informationen zunehmend aus Internet, Apps und sozialen Netzwerken gewinnen. Die Berufsaussichten f{\"u}r all Jene, die „Irgendwas mit Medien" studieren wollen sind zwar aufgrund des Arbeitsmarktes schwieriger geworden, sie sind aber dennoch vielf{\"a}ltig. Guter Journalismus wird weiterhin ben{\"o}tigt und auch {\"O}ffentlichkeitsarbeiter sind gefragt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus stehen Absolveninspiriert von den Fernsehbildern, als Tausende Fl{\"u}chtlinge herzlich in M{\"u}nchen empfangen wurden, kam unserem Kollegen Eric Makswitat die Idee, sich auch auf lokaler Ebene f{\"u}r die hier ankommenden Fl{\"u}chtlinge zu engagieren. Der Doktorand in der Politikwissenschaft sammelt {\"u}ber das Internet B{\"u}cher f{\"u}r Fl{\"u}chtlinge und gibt sie dann direkt in den Fl{\"u}chtlingsunterk{\"u}nften ab. Eric Makswitat ist einer von Vielen, die derzeit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Bew{\"a}ltigung der Herausforderungen des Fl{\"u}chtlingszustroms nach Deutschland leisten. Die engagierten Helfer sind „ein Beweis daf{\"u}r, wie weit die Selbstorganisationskr{\"a}fte der organisierten B{\"u}rgerschaft in unserer Zivilgesellschaft mittlerweile entwickelt sind", meint dazu der Verwaltungswissenschaftler Jochen Franzke. Unser Kollege Eric ist auch in anderer Hinsicht beispielgebend. Er ist einer von rund achtzig Prozent aller ehemaligen Studierenden, die nach dem Studienabschluss in der Region bleiben, wie eine k{\"u}rzlich an der Uni ver{\"o}ffentlichte Studie zum Verbleib unserer Absolventinnen und Absolventen ermittelt hat. Unsere Alumni steigen ein in Berufsfeldern der Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, sie gr{\"u}nden Firmen und sie engagieren sich beruflich, privat oder gesellschaftlich. Viele davon in Potsdam. Wenn die Universit{\"a}t Potsdam im n{\"a}chsten Jahr ihr 25-j{\"a}hriges Jubil{\"a}um in und mit der Stadt Potsdam feiern wird und mit Stolz auf hervorragende Leistungen aus Lehre und Forschung verweist, dann ist dies nicht zuletzt den Absolventinnen und Absolventen zu verdanken, die als hochqualifizierte Fachkr{\"a}fte neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in die Praxis {\"u}berf{\"u}hren. Portal alumni ist deshalb in diesem Jahr hier, zu Hause in Potsdam geblieben. Wir haben Absolventen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam gesucht, die heute in unterschiedlichen beruflichen und gesellschaftlichen Kontexten in der Region aktiv sind und sich engagieren.}, language = {de} }