@incollection{Kuegler2017,
  author    = {K{\"u}gler, Frank},
  title     = {Tone and intonation in Akan},
  series = {Intonation in African Tone Languages},
  volume    = {24},
  booktitle = {Intonation in African Tone Languages},
  publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-050352-4; 978-3-11-048479-3},
  issn      = {1861-4191},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110503524-004},
  pages     = {89 -- 129},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This chapter provides an account of the intonation patterns in Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo). Tonal processes such as downstep, tonal spreading and tonal replacement influence the surface tone pattern of a sentence. In general, any Akan utterance independent of sentence type shows a characteristic down-trend in pitch. This chapter proposes that Akan employs a simple post-lexical tonal grammar that accounts for the shapes of an intonation contour. The unmarked post-lexical structure is found in simple declaratives. The downward trend of an intonation contour is shaped by local tonal interactions (downstep), and sentence-final tonal neutralization. In polar questions, an iota-phrase-final low boundary tone (L\%) accounts for the intensity increase and lengthening of the final vowel compared to a declarative. Complex declaratives and left-dislocations show a partial pitch reset at the left edge of an embedded iota-phrase. Underlying lexical tones are not affected by intonation with the exception of sentence-final H-tones.},
  language  = {en}
}