@misc{DahmBeckerBischoffetal.2013,
  author    = {Dahm, Torsten and Becker, Dirk and Bischoff, Monika and Cesca, Simone and Dost, B. and Fritschen, R. and Hainzl, Sebastian and Klose, C. D. and Kuhn, D. and Lasocki, S. and Meier, Thomas and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Rivalta, Eleonora and Wegler, Ulrich and Husen, Stephan},
  title     = {Recommendation for the discrimination of human-related and natural seismicity},
  series = {Journal of seismology},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Journal of seismology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1383-4649},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10950-012-9295-6},
  pages     = {197 -- 202},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Various techniques are utilized by the seismological community, extractive industries, energy and geoengineering companies to identify earthquake nucleation processes in close proximity to engineering operation points. These operations may comprise fluid extraction or injections, artificial water reservoir impoundments, open pit and deep mining, deep geothermal power generations or carbon sequestration. In this letter to the editor, we outline several lines of investigation that we suggest to follow to address the discrimination problem between natural seismicity and seismic events induced or triggered by geoengineering activities. These suggestions have been developed by a group of experts during several meetings and workshops, and we feel that their publication as a summary report is helpful for the geoscientific community. Specific investigation procedures and discrimination approaches, on which our recommendations are based, are also published in this Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Seismology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KruegerOhrnbergerRoessler2008,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger, Matthias and R{\"o}ßler, Dirk},
  title     = {Rupture imaging of large earthquakes with a poststack isochrone migration method},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18395},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Rapid and robust characterization of large earthquakes in terms of their spatial extent and temporal duration is of high importance for disaster mitigation and early warning applications. Backtracking of seismic P-waves was successfully used by several authors to image the rupture process of the great Sumatra earthquake (26.12.2004) using short period and broadband arrays. We follow here an approach of Walker et al. to backtrack and stack broadband waveforms from global network stations using traveltimes for a global Earth model to obtain the overall spatio-temporal development of the energy radiation of large earthquakes in a quick and robust way. We present results for selected events with well studied source processes (Kokoxili 14.11.2001, Tokachi-Oki 25.09.2003, Nias 28.03.2005). Further, we apply the technique in a semi-real time fashion to broadband data of earthquakes with a broadband magnitude >= 7 (roughly corresponding to Mw 6.5). Processing is based on first automatic detection messages from the GEOFON extended virtual network (GEVN).},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RoesslerHiemerBachetal.2009,
  author    = {R{\"o}ßler, Dirk and Hiemer, Stephan and Bach, Christoph and Delavaud, Elise and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Sauer, David and Scherbaum, Frank and Vollmer, Daniel},
  title     = {Small-aperture seismic array monitors Vogtland earthquake swarm in 2008/09},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29185},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The most recent intense earthquake swarm in the Vogtland lasted from 6 October 2008 until January 2009. Greatest magnitudes exceeded M3.5 several times in October making it the greatest swarm since 1985/86. In contrast to the swarms in 1985 and 2000, seismic moment release was concentrated near swarm onset. Focal area and temporal evolution are similar to the swarm in 2000. Work hypothysis: uprising upper-mantle fluids trigger swarm earthquakes at low stress level. To monitor the seismicity, the University of Potsdam operated a small aperture seismic array at 10 km epicentral distance between 18 October 2008 and 18 March 2009. Consisting of 12 seismic stations and 3 additional microphones, the array is capable of detecting earthquakes from larger to very low magnitudes (M<-1) as well as associated air waves. We use array techniques to determine properties of the incoming wavefield: noise, direct P and S waves, and converted phases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RoesslerKruegerOhrnberger2007,
  author    = {R{\"o}ßler, Dirk and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger, Matthias},
  title     = {Rupture propagation of recent large TsE off-coast Sumatra and Java},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13039},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The spatio-temporal evolution of the three recent tsunamogenic earthquakes (TsE) off-coast N-Sumatra (Mw9.3), 28/03/2005 (Mw8.5) off-coast Nias, on 17/07/2006 (Mw7.7) off-coast Java. Start time, duration, and propagation of the rupture are retrieved. All parameters can be obtained rapidly after recording of the first-arrival phases in near-real time processing. We exploit semblance analysis, backpropagation and broad-band seismograms within 30°-95° distance. Image enhancement is reached by stacking the semblance of arrays within different directions. For the three events, the rupture extends over about 1150, 150, and 200km, respectively. The events in 2004, 2005, and 2006 had source durations of at least 480s, 120s, and 180s, respectively. We observe unilateral rupture propagation for all events except for the rupture onset and the Nias event, where there is evidence for a bilateral start of the rupture. Whereas average rupture speed of the events in 2004 and 2005 is in the order of the S-wave speed (≈2.5-3km/s), unusually slow rupturing (≈1.5 km/s) is indicated for the July 2006 event. For the July 2006 event we find rupturing of a 200 x 100 km wide area in at least 2 phases with propagation from NW to SE. The event has some characteristics of a circular rupture followed by unilateral faulting with change in slip rate. Fault area and aftershock distribution coincide. Spatial and temporal resolution are frequency dependent. Studies of a Mw6.0 earthquake on 2006/09/21 and one synthetic source show a ≈1° limit in resolution. Retrieved source area, source duration as well as peak values for semblance and beam power generally increase with the size of the earthquake making possible an automatic detection and classification of large and small earthquakes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RoesslerKruegerOhrnberger2008,
  author    = {R{\"o}ßler, Dirk and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger, Matthias},
  title     = {Automatic near real-time characterisation of large earthquakes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18382},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {We use seismic array methods (semblance analysis) to image areas of seismic energy release in the Sunda Arc region and world-wide. Broadband seismograms at teleseismic distances (30° ≤ Δ ≤ 100°) are compared at several subarrays. Semblance maps of different subarrays are multiplied. High semblance tracked over long time (10s of second to minutes) and long distances indicate locations of earthquakes. The method allows resolution of rupture characteristics important for tsunami early warning: start and duration, velocity and direction, length and area. The method has been successfully applied to recent and historic events (M>6.5) and is now operational in real time. Results are obtained shortly after source time, see http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/Forschung/Geophysik/GITEWS/tsunami.htm). Comparison of manual and automatic processing are in good agreement. Computational effort is small. Automatic results may be obtained within 15 - 20 minutes after event occurrence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RoesslerKruegerOhrnberger2008,
  author    = {R{\"o}ßler, Dirk and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger, Matthias},
  title     = {Rupture Propagation of the 2008/05/12 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29195},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {We study the rupture propagation of the 2008/05/12 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake. We apply array techniques such as semblance vespagram analysis to P waves recorded at seismic broadband station within 30-100° epicentral distance. By combination of multiple large aperture station groups spatial and temporal resolution is enhanced and problems due source directivity and source mechanism are avoided. We find that seismic energy was released for at least 110 s. Propagating unilaterally at sub-shear rupture velocity of about 2.5 km/s in NE direction, the earthquake reaches a lateral extent of more than 300 km. Whereas high semblance during within 70 s from rupture start indicates simple propagation more complex source processes are indicated thereafter by decreases coherency in seismograms. At this stage of the event coherency is low but significantly above noise level. We emphasize that first result of our computations where obtain within 30 minutes after source time by using an atomized algorithm. This procedure has been routinely and globally applied to major earthquakes. Results are made public through internet.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RoesslerKruegerOhrnbergeretal.2008,
  author    = {R{\"o}ßler, Dirk and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Ehlert, Lutz},
  title     = {Automatic near real-time characterisation of large earthquakes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-20191},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {An der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam wird seit 2008 ein automatisiertes Verfahren angewandt, um Bruchparamter großer Erdbeben in quasi-Echtzeit, d.h. wenige Minuten nachdem sich das Beben ereignet hat, zu bestimmen und der {\"O}ffentlichkeit via Internet zur Verf{\"u}gung zu stellen. Es ist vorgesehen, das System in das Deutsch-Indonesische Tsunamifr{\"u}hwarnsystem (GITEWS) zu integrieren, f{\"u}r das es speziell konfiguriert ist. Wir bestimmen insbesondere die Dauer und die Ausdehnung des Erdbebens, sowie dessen Bruchgeschwindigkeit und -richtung. Dabei benutzen wir die Seismogramme der zuerst eintreffenden P Wellen vom Breitbandstationen in teleseimischer Entfernung vom Beben sowie herk{\"o}mmliche Arrayverfahren in teilweise modifizierter Form. Die Semblance wir als {\"A}hnlichkeitsmaß verwendet, um Seismogramme eines Stationsnetzes zu vergleichen. Im Falle eines Erdbebens ist die Semblance unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Hypozentrums zur Herdzeit und w{\"a}hrend des Bruchvorgangs deutlich zeitlich und r{\"a}umlich erh{\"o}ht und konzentriert. Indem wir die Ergebnisse verschiedener Stationsnetzwerke kombinieren, erreichen wir Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Herdcharakteristik und eine raum-zeitliche Aufl{\"o}sung, die es erlaubt die o.g. Parameter abzuleiten. In unserem Beitrag skizzieren wir die Methode. Anhand der beiden M8.0 Benkulu Erdbeben (Sumatra, Indonesien) vom 12.09.2007 und dem M8.0 Sichuan Ereignis (China) vom 12.05.2008 demonstrieren wir Aufl{\"o}sungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und vergleichen die Ergebnisse der automatisierten Echtzeitanwendung mit nachtr{\"a}glichen Berechnungen. Weiterhin stellen wir eine Internetseite zur Verf{\"u}gung, die die Ergebnisse pr{\"a}sentiert und animiert. Diese kann z.B. in geowissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen an Computerterminals gezeigt werden. Die Internetauftritte haben die folgenden Adressen: http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/arbeitsgruppen/Geophysik_Seismologie/forschung/ruptrack/openday http://www.geo.uni-potsdam.de/arbeitsgruppen/Geophysik_Seismologie/forschung/ruptrack},
  language  = {en}
}