@phdthesis{Trost2014,
  author    = {Trost, Gerda},
  title     = {Poly(A) Polymerase 1 (PAPS1) influences organ size and pathogen response in Arabidopsis thaliana},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72345},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs is critical for efficient nuclear export, stability, and translation of the mature mRNAs, and thus for gene expression. The bulk of pre-mRNAs are processed by canonical nuclear poly(A) polymerase (PAPS). Both vertebrate and higher-plant genomes encode more than one isoform of this enzyme, and these are coexpressed in different tissues. However, in neither case is it known whether the isoforms fulfill different functions or polyadenylate distinct subsets of pre-mRNAs. This thesis shows that the three canonical nuclear PAPS isoforms in Arabidopsis are functionally specialized owing to their evolutionarily divergent C-terminal domains. A moderate loss-of-function mutant in PAPS1 leads to increase in floral organ size, whereas leaf size is reduced. A strong loss-of-function mutation causes a male gametophytic defect, whereas a weak allele leads to reduced leaf growth. By contrast, plants lacking both PAPS2 and PAPS4 function are viable with wild-type leaf growth. Polyadenylation of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) mRNAs depends specifically on PAPS1 function. The resulting reduction in SAUR activity in paps1 mutants contributes to their reduced leaf growth, providing a causal link between polyadenylation of specific pre-mRNAs by a particular PAPS isoform and plant growth. Additionally, opposite effects of PAPS1 on leaf and flower growth reflect the different identities of these organs. The overgrowth of paps1 mutant petals is due to increased recruitment of founder cells into early organ primordia whereas the reduced leaf size is due to an ectopic pathogen response. This constitutive immune response leads to increased resistance to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and reflects activation of the salicylic acid-independent signalling pathway downstream of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1)/PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4). Immune responses are accompanied by intracellular redox changes. Consistent with this, the redox-status of the chloroplast is altered in paps1-1 mutants. The molecular effects of the paps1-1 mutation were analysed using an RNA sequencing approach that distinguishes between long- and short tailed mRNA. The results shown here suggest the existence of an additional layer of regulation in plants and possibly vertebrate gene expression, whereby the relative activities of canonical nuclear PAPS isoforms control de novo synthesized poly(A) tail length and hence expression of specific subsets of mRNAs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OmorogieBabalolaUnuabonahetal.2014,
  author    = {Omorogie, Martins O. and Babalola, Jonathan Oyebamiji and Unuabonah, Emmanuel Iyayi and Gong, Jian R.},
  title     = {Hybrid materials from agro-waste and nanoparticles: implications on the kinetics of the adsorption of inorganic pollutants},
  series = {Environmental technology},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Environmental technology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0959-3330},
  doi       = {10.1080/09593330.2013.839747},
  pages     = {611 -- 619},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This study is a first-hand report of the immobilization of Nauclea diderrichii seed waste biomass (ND) (an agro-waste) with eco-friendly mesoporous silica (MS) and graphene oxide-MS (GO+MS ) nanoparticles, producing two new hybrid materials namely: MND adsorbent for agro-waste modified with MS and GND adsorbent for agro-waste modified with GO+MS nanoparticles showed improved surface area, pore size and pore volume over those of the agro-waste. The abstractive potential of the new hybrid materials was explored for uptake of Cr(III) and Pb(II) ions. Analysis of experimental data from these new hybrid materials showed increased initial sorption rate of Cr(III) and Pb(II) ions uptake. The amounts of Cr(III) and Pb(II) ions adsorbed by MND and GND adsorbents were greater than those of ND. Modification of N. diderrichii seed waste significantly improved its rate of adsorption and diffusion coefficient for Cr(III) and Pb(II) more than its adsorption capacity. The rate of adsorption of the heavy metal ions was higher with GO+MS nanoparticles than for other adsorbents. Kinetic data were found to fit well the pseudo-second-order and the diffusion-chemisorption kinetic models suggesting that the adsorption of Cr(III) and Pb(II) onto these adsorbents is mainly through chemisorption mechanism. Analysis of kinetic data with the homogeneous particle diffusion kinetic model suggests that particle diffusion (diffusion of ions through the adsorbent) is the rate-limiting step for the adsorption process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{UnuabonahTaubert2014,
  author    = {Unuabonah, Emmanuel Iyayi and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Clay-polymer nanocomposites (CPNs): Adsorbents of the future for water treatment},
  series = {Applied clay science : an international journal on the application and technology of clays and clay minerals},
  volume    = {99},
  journal   = {Applied clay science : an international journal on the application and technology of clays and clay minerals},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0169-1317},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.016},
  pages     = {83 -- 92},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {A class of adsorbents currently receiving growing attention is the clay-polymer nanocomposite (CPN) adsorbents. CPNs effectively treat water by adsorption and flocculation of both inorganic and organic micropollutants from aqueous solutions. Some of these CPNs - when modified with biocides - also have the ability to efficiently remove microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans from water. CPNs are far more easily recovered from aqueous media than neat clay. They also exhibit far better treatment times than either polymer or clay adsorbents. They have higher adsorption capacity and better life cycles compared with clay alone. CPNs therefore show an excellent potential as highly efficient water and waste treatment agents. This article reviews the various CPNs that have been prepared recently and used as adsorbents in the removal of micropollutants (inorganic, organic and biological) from aqueous solutions. A special focus is placed on CPNs that are not only interesting from an academic point of view but also effectively reduce the concentration of micropollutants in water to safe limits and also on new developments bordering on CPN use as water treatment agent that have not yet realized their full potential. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BondueScheithauer2014,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert},
  title     = {Leaking and death-threats by students},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {388},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404121},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BondueScheithauer2014,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert},
  title     = {Leaking and death-threats by students: A study in German schools},
  series = {School psychology international},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {School psychology international},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0143-0343},
  doi       = {10.1177/0143034314552346},
  pages     = {592 -- 608},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AllanBossdorfDormannetal.2014,
  author    = {Allan, Eric and Bossdorf, Oliver and Dormann, Carsten F. and Prati, Daniel and Gossner, Martin M. and Tscharntke, Teja and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and Bellach, Michaela and Birkhofer, Klaus and Boch, Steffen and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and B{\"o}rschig, Carmen and Chatzinotas, Antonis and Christ, Sabina and Daniel, Rolf and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Fischer, Christiane and Friedl, Thomas and Glaser, Karin and Hallmann, Christine and Hodac, Ladislav and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Krauss, Jochen and Lange, Markus and Morris, E. Kathryn and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Nacke, Heiko and Pasalic, Esther and Rillig, Matthias C. and Rothenwoehrer, Christoph and Schally, Peter and Scherber, Christoph and Schulze, Waltraud X. and Socher, Stephanie A. and Steckel, Juliane and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Weiner, Christiane N. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Gockel, Sonja and Gorke, Martin and Hemp, Andreas and Renner, Swen C. and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Pfeiffer, Simone and K{\"o}nig-Ries, Birgitta and Buscot, Francois and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Fischer, Markus},
  title     = {Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity},
  series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  volume    = {111},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0027-8424},
  doi       = {10.1073/pnas.1312213111},
  pages     = {308 -- 313},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18\% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31\% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BondueBeier2014,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Beier, Sophia},
  title     = {Two of a kind?},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {391},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404199},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term "school attack" should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders' age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RolandSchubertCollinsetal.2014,
  author    = {Roland, Steffen and Schubert, Marcel and Collins, Brian A. and Kurpiers, Jona and Chen, Zhihua and Facchetti, Antonio and Ade, Harald W. and Neher, Dieter},
  title     = {Fullerene-free polymer solar cells with highly reduced bimolecular recombination and field-independent charge carrier generation},
  series = {The journal of physical chemistry letters},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {The journal of physical chemistry letters},
  number    = {16},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1948-7185},
  doi       = {10.1021/jz501506z},
  pages     = {2815 -- 2822},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Photogeneration, recombination, and transport of free charge carriers in all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor and poly([N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthelene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)) (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as acceptor polymer have been investigated by the use of time delayed collection field (TDCF) and time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. Depending on the preparation procedure used to dry the active layers, these solar cells comprise high fill factors (FFs) of up to 67\%. A strongly reduced bimolecular recombination (BMR), as well as a field-independent free charge carrier generation are observed, features that are common to high performance fullerene-based solar cells. Resonant soft X-ray measurements (R-SoXS) and photoluminescence quenching experiments (PQE) reveal that the BMR is related to domain purity. Our results elucidate the similarities of this polymeric acceptor with the superior recombination properties of fullerene acceptors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GehrigRolandHowardetal.2014,
  author    = {Gehrig, Dominik W. and Roland, Steffen and Howard, Ian A. and Kamm, Valentin and Mangold, Hannah and Neher, Dieter and Laquai, Frederic},
  title     = {Efficiency-limiting processes in low-bandgap polymer:Perylene diimide photovoltaic blends},
  series = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces},
  number    = {35},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1932-7447},
  doi       = {10.1021/jp503366m},
  pages     = {20077 -- 20085},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The charge generation and recombination processes following photo-excitation of a low-bandgap polymer:perylene diimide photovoltaic blend are investigated by transient absorption pump-probe spectroscopy covering a dynamic range from femto-to microseconds to get insight into the efficiency-limiting photophysical processes. The several tens of picoseconds, and its efficiency is only half of that in a polymer:fullerene photoinduced electron transfer from the polymer to the perylene acceptor takes up to blend. This reduces the short-circuit current. Time-delayed collection field experiments reveal that the subsequent charge separation is strongly field-dependent, limiting the fill factor and lowering the short-circuit current in polymer:PDI devices. Upon excitation of the acceptor in the low-bandgap polymer blend, the PDI exciton undergoes charge transfer on a time scale of several tens of picoseconds. However, a significant fraction of the charges generated at the interface are quickly lost because of fast geminate recombination. This reduces the short-circuit current even further, leading to a scenario in which only around 2596 of the initial photoexcitations generate free charges that can potentially contribute to the photocurrent. In summary, the key photophysical limitations of perylene diimide as an acceptor in low-bandgap polymer blends appear at the interface between the materials, with the kinetics of both charge generation and separation inhibited as compared to that of fullerenes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiAbrechtYangetal.2014,
  author    = {Li, Wentao and Abrecht, Steve and Yang, Liqiang and Roland, Steffen and Tumbleston, John R. and McAfee, Terry and Yan, Liang and Kelly, Mary Allison and Ade, Harald W. and Neher, Dieter and You, Wei},
  title     = {Mobility-controlled performance of thick solar cells based on fluorinated copolymers},
  series = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  volume    = {136},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  number    = {44},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0002-7863},
  doi       = {10.1021/ja5067724},
  pages     = {15566 -- 15576},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Developing novel materials and device architectures to further enhance the efficiency of polymer solar cells requires a fundamental understanding of the impact of chemical structures on photovoltaic properties. Given that device characteristics depend on many parameters, deriving structureproperty relationships has been very challenging. Here we report that a single parameter, hole mobility, determines the fill factor of several hundred nanometer thick bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on a series of copolymers with varying amount of fluorine substitution. We attribute the steady increase of hole mobility with fluorine content to changes in polymer molecular ordering. Importantly, all other parameters, including the efficiency of free charge generation and the coefficient of nongeminate recombination, are nearly identical. Our work emphasizes the need to achieve high mobility in combination with strongly suppressed charge recombination for the thick devices required by mass production technologies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShalomGuttentagFettkenhaueretal.2014,
  author    = {Shalom, Menny and Guttentag, Miguel and Fettkenhauer, Christian and Inal, Sahika and Neher, Dieter and Llobet, Antoni and Antonietti, Markus},
  title     = {In situ formation of heterojunctions in modified graphitic carbon nitride: synthesis and noble metal free photocatalysis},
  series = {Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society},
  number    = {19},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0897-4756},
  doi       = {10.1021/cm503258z},
  pages     = {5812 -- 5818},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Herein, we report the facile synthesis of an efficient roll-like carbon nitride (C3N4) photocatalyst for hydrogen production using a supramolecular complex composed of cyanuric acid, melamine, and barbituric acid as the starting monomers. Optical and photocatalytic investigations show, along with the known red shift of absorption into the visible region, that the insertion of barbituric acid results in the in situ formation of in-plane heterojuctions, which enhance the charge separation process under illumination. Moreover, platinum as the standard cocatalyst in photocatalysis could be successfully replaced with first row transition metal salts and complexes under retention of 50\% of the catalytic activity. Their mode of deposition and interaction with the semiconductor was studied in detail. Utilization of the supramolecular approach opens new opportunities to manipulate the charge transfer process within carbon nitride with respect to the design of a more efficient carbon nitride photocatalyst with controlled morphology and optical properties.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XuBrennerChabanneetal.2014,
  author    = {Xu, Jingsan and Brenner, Thomas J. K. and Chabanne, Laurent and Neher, Dieter and Antonietti, Markus and Shalom, Menny},
  title     = {Liquid-Based growth of polymeric carbon nitride layers and their use in a mesostructured polymer solar cell with V-oc exceeding 1 V},
  series = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  volume    = {136},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  number    = {39},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0002-7863},
  doi       = {10.1021/ja508329c},
  pages     = {13486 -- 13489},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Herein we report a general liquid-mediated pathway for the growth of continuous polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) thin films. The deposition method consists of the use of supramolecular complexes that transform to the liquid state before direct thermal condensation into C3N4 solid films. The resulting films exhibit continuous porous C3N4 networks on various substrates. Moreover, the optical absorption can be easily tuned to cover the solar spectrum by the insertion of an additional molecule into the starting complex. The strength of the deposition method is demonstrated by the use of the C3N4 layer as the electron acceptor in a polymer solar cell that exhibits a remarkable open-circuit voltage exceeding 1 V. The easy, safe, and direct synthesis of carbon nitride in a continuous layered architecture on different functional substrates opens new possibilities for the fabrication of many energy-related devices.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XuBrennerChenetal.2014,
  author    = {Xu, Jingsan and Brenner, Thomas J. K. and Chen, Zupeng and Neher, Dieter and Antonietti, Markus and Shalom, Menny},
  title     = {Upconversion-agent induced improvement of g-C3N4 photocatalyst under visible light},
  series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
  number    = {19},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1944-8244},
  doi       = {10.1021/am5051263},
  pages     = {16481 -- 16486},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Herein, we report the use of upconversion agents to modify graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by direct thermal condensation of a mixture of ErCl3 center dot 6H(2)O and the supramolecular precursor cyanuric acid-melamine. We show the enhancement of g-C3N4 photoactivity after Er3+ doping by monitoring the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye under visible light. The contribution of the upconversion agent is demonstrated by measurements using only a red laser. The Er3+ doping alters both the electronic and the chemical properties of g-C3N4. The Er3+ doping reduces emission intensity and lifetime, indicating the formation of new, nonradiative deactivation pathways, probably involving charge-transfer processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ProctorAlbrechtKuiketal.2014,
  author    = {Proctor, Christopher M. and Albrecht, Steve and Kuik, Martijn and Neher, Dieter and Thuc-Quyen Nguyen,},
  title     = {Overcoming geminate recombination and enhancing extraction in solution-processed small molecule solar cells},
  series = {dvanced energy materials},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {dvanced energy materials},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1614-6832},
  doi       = {10.1002/aenm.201400230},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraffertSteyrleuthnerAlbrechtetal.2014,
  author    = {Kraffert, Felix and Steyrleuthner, Robert and Albrecht, Steve and Neher, Dieter and Scharber, Markus C. and Bittl, Robert and Behrends, Jan},
  title     = {Charge Separation in PCPDTBT : PCBM Blends from an EPR Perspective},
  series = {The journal of physical chemistry},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {The journal of physical chemistry},
  number    = {49},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1932-7447},
  doi       = {10.1021/jp509650v},
  pages     = {28482 -- 28493},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiuTkachovKomberetal.2014,
  author    = {Liu, W. and Tkachov, R. and Komber, H. and Senkovskyy, V. and Schubert, M. and Wei, Z. and Facchetti, A. and Neher, Dieter and Kiriy, A.},
  title     = {Chain-growth polycondensation of perylene diimide-based copolymers: a new route to regio-regular perylene diimide-based acceptors for all-polymer solar cells and n-type transistors},
  series = {Polymer Chemistry},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Polymer Chemistry},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1759-9954},
  doi       = {10.1039/c3py01707a},
  pages     = {3404 -- 3411},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Herein, we report the chain-growth tin-free room temperature polymerization method to synthesize n-type perylene diimide-dithiophene-based conjugated polymers (PPDIT2s) suitable for solar cell and transistor applications. The palladium/electron-rich tri-tert-butylphosphine catalyst is effective to enable the chain-growth polymerization of anion-radical monomer Br-TPDIT-Br/Zn to PPDIT2 with a molecular weight up to M-w approximate to 50 kg mol(-1) and moderate polydispersity. This is the second example of the polymerization of unusual anion-radical aromatic complexes formed in a reaction of active Zn and electron-deficient diimide-based aryl halides. As such, the discovered polymerization method is not a specific reactivity feature of the naphthalene-diimide derivatives but is rather a general polymerization tool. This is an important finding, given the significantly higher maximum external quantum efficiency that can be reached with PDI-based copolymers (32-45\%) in all-polymer solar cells compared to NDI-based materials (15-30\%). Our studies revealed that PPDIT2 synthesized by the new method and the previously published polymer prepared by step-growth Stille polycondensation show similar electron mobility and all-polymer solar cell performance. At the same time, the polymerization reported herein has several technological advantages as it proceeds relatively fast at room temperature and does not involve toxic tin-based compounds. Because several chain-growth polymerization reactions are well-suited for the preparation of well-defined multi-functional polymer architectures, the next target is to explore the utility of the discovered polymerization in the synthesis of end-functionalized polymers and block copolymers. Such materials would be helpful to improve the nanoscale morphology of polymer blends in all-polymer solar cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BresselReich2014,
  author    = {Bressel, Lena and Reich, Oliver},
  title     = {Theoretical and experimental study of the diffuse transmission of light through highly concentrated absorbing and scattering materials Part I: Monte-Carlo simulations},
  series = {Journal of quantitative spectroscopy \& radiative transfer},
  volume    = {146},
  journal   = {Journal of quantitative spectroscopy \& radiative transfer},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0022-4073},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.01.007},
  pages     = {190 -- 198},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In many technical materials and commercial products like sunscreen or paint high particle and absorber concentrations are present. An important parameter for slabs of these materials is the diffuse transmission of light, which quantifies the total amount of directly and diffusely transmitted light. Due to the high content of scattering particles not only multiple scattering but also additional dependent scattering occurs. Hence, simple analytical models cannot be applied to calculate the diffuse transmission. In this work a Monte-Carlo program for the calculation of the diffuse transmission of light through dispersions in slab-like geometry containing high concentrations of scattering particles and absorbers is presented and discussed in detail. Mie theory is applied for the calculation of the scattering properties of the samples. Additionally, dependent scattering is considered in two different models, the well-known hard sphere model in the Percus-Yevick approximation (HSPYA) and the Yukawa model in the Mean Spherical Approximation (YMSA). Comparative experiments will show the accurateness of the program as well as its applicability to real samples [1]. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SalffnerBoehmReichetal.2014,
  author    = {Salffner, Katharina and Boehm, Michael and Reich, Oliver and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd},
  title     = {A broadband cavity ring-down spectrometer based on an incoherent near infrared light source},
  series = {Applied physics : B, Lasers and optics},
  volume    = {116},
  journal   = {Applied physics : B, Lasers and optics},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0946-2171},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00340-014-5762-9},
  pages     = {785 -- 792},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schaefer2014,
  author    = {Schaefer, Laura},
  title     = {Synchronisationsph{\"a}nomene myotendin{\"o}ser Oszillationen interagierender neuromuskul{\"a}rer Systeme},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72445},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Muskeln oszillieren nachgewiesener Weise mit einer Frequenz um 10 Hz. Doch was geschieht mit myofaszialen Oszillationen, wenn zwei neuromuskul{\"a}re Systeme interagieren? Die Dissertation widmet sich dieser Fragestellung bei isometrischer Interaktion. W{\"a}hrend der Testmessungen ergaben sich Hinweise f{\"u}r das Vorhandensein von m{\"o}glicherweise zwei verschiedenen Formen der Isometrie. Arbeiten zwei Personen isometrisch gegeneinander, k{\"o}nnen subjektiv zwei Modi eingenommen werden: man kann entweder isometrisch halten - der Kraft des Partners widerstehen - oder isometrisch dr{\"u}cken - gegen den isometrischen Widerstand des Partners arbeiten. Daher wurde zus{\"a}tzlich zu den Messungen zur Interaktion zweier Personen an einzelnen Individuen gepr{\"u}ft, ob m{\"o}glicherweise zwei Formen der Isometrie existieren. Die Promotion besteht demnach aus zwei inhaltlich und methodisch getrennten Teilen: I „Single-Isometrie" und II „Paar-Isometrie". F{\"u}r Teil I wurden mithilfe eines pneumatisch betriebenen Systems die hypothetischen Messmodi Halten und Dr{\"u}cken w{\"a}hrend isometrischer Aktion untersucht. Bei n = 10 Probanden erfolgte parallel zur Aufzeichnung des Drucksignals w{\"a}hrend der Messungen die Erfassung der Kraft (DMS) und der Beschleunigung sowie die Aufnahme der mechanischen Muskeloszillationen folgender myotendin{\"o}ser Strukturen via Mechanomyo- (MMG) bzw. Mechanotendografie (MTG): M. triceps brachii (MMGtri), Trizepssehne (MTGtri), M. obliquus externus abdominis (MMGobl). Pro Proband wurden bei 80 \% der MVC sowohl sechs 15-Sekunden-Messungen (jeweils drei im haltenden bzw. dr{\"u}ckenden Modus; Pause: 1 Minute) als auch vier Erm{\"u}dungsmessungen (jeweils zwei im haltenden bzw. dr{\"u}ckenden Modus; Pause: 2 Minuten) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Zum Vergleich der Messmodi Halten und Dr{\"u}cken wurden die Amplituden der myofaszialen Oszillationen sowie die Kraftausdauer herangezogen. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen dem haltenden und dem dr{\"u}ckenden Modus zeigten sich insbesondere im Bereich der Erm{\"u}dungscharakteristik. So lassen Probanden im haltenden Modus signifikant fr{\"u}her nach als im dr{\"u}ckenden Modus (t(9) = 3,716; p = .005). Im dr{\"u}ckenden Modus macht das l{\"a}ngste isometrische Plateau durchschnittlich 59,4 \% der Gesamtdauer aus, im haltenden sind es 31,6 \% (t(19) = 5,265, p = .000). Die Amplituden der Single-Isometrie-Messungen unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant. Allerdings variieren die Amplituden des MMGobl zwischen den Messungen im dr{\"u}ckenden Modus signifikant st{\"a}rker als im haltenden Modus. Aufgrund dieser teils signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Messmodi wurde dieses Setting auch im zweiten Teil „Paar-Isometrie" ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Dort wurden n = 20 Probanden - eingeteilt in zehn gleichgeschlechtliche Paare - w{\"a}hrend isometrischer Interaktion untersucht. Die Sensorplatzierung erfolgte analog zu Teil I. Die Oszillationen der erfassten MTG- sowie MMG-Signale wurden u.a. mit Algorithmen der Nichtlinearen Dynamik auf ihre Koh{\"a}renz hin untersucht. Durch die Paar-Isometrie-Messungen zeigte sich, dass die Muskeln und die Sehnen beider neuromuskul{\"a}rer Systeme bei Interaktion im bekannten Frequenzbereich von 10 Hz oszillieren. Außerdem waren sie in der Lage, sich bei Interaktion so aufeinander abzustimmen, dass sich eine signifikante Koh{\"a}renz entwickelte, die sich von Zufallspaarungen signifikant unterscheidet (Patchanzahl: t(29) = 3,477; p = .002; Summe der 4 l{\"a}ngsten Patches: t(29) = 7,505; p = .000). Es wird der Schluss gezogen, dass neuromuskul{\"a}re Komplement{\"a}rpartner in der Lage sind, sich im Sinne koh{\"a}renten Verhaltens zu synchronisieren. Bez{\"u}glich der Parameter zur Untersuchung der m{\"o}glicherweise vorhandenen zwei Formen der Isometrie zeigte sich bei den Paar-Isometrie-Messungen zwischen Halten und Dr{\"u}cken ein signifikanter Unterschied bei der Erm{\"u}dungscharakteristik sowie bez{\"u}glich der Amplitude der MMGobl. Die Ergebnisse beider Teilstudien best{\"a}rken die Hypothese, dass zwei Formen der Isometrie existieren. Fraglich ist, ob man {\"u}berhaupt von Isometrie sprechen kann, da jede isometrische Muskelaktion aus feinen Oszillationen besteht, die eine per Definition postulierte Isometrie ausschließen. Es wird der Vorschlag unterbreitet, die Isometrie durch den Begriff der Hom{\"o}ometrie auszutauschen. Die Ergebnisse der Paar-Isometrie-Messungen zeigen u.a., dass neuromuskul{\"a}re Systeme in der Lage sind, ihre myotendin{\"o}sen Oszillationen so aufeinander abzustimmen, dass koh{\"a}rentes Verhalten entsteht. Es wird angenommen, dass hierzu beide neuromuskul{\"a}ren Systeme funktionell intakt sein m{\"u}ssen. Das Verfahren k{\"o}nnte f{\"u}r die Diagnostik funktioneller St{\"o}rungen relevant werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fronton2014,
  author    = {Fronton, Ludivine},
  title     = {Modeling approaches to characterize the disposition of monoclonal antibodies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-76537},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xxi, 133},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are engineered immunoglobulins G (IgG) used for more than 20 years as targeted therapy in oncology, infectious diseases and (auto-)immune disorders. Their protein nature greatly influences their pharmacokinetics (PK), presenting typical linear and non-linear behaviors. While it is common to use empirical modeling to analyze clinical PK data of mAbs, there is neither clear consensus nor guidance to, on one hand, select the structure of classical compartment models and on the other hand, interpret mechanistically PK parameters. The mechanistic knowledge present in physiologically-based PK (PBPK) models is likely to support rational classical model selection and thus, a methodology to link empirical and PBPK models is desirable. However, published PBPK models for mAbs are quite diverse in respect to the physiology of distribution spaces and the parameterization of the non-specific elimination involving the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and endogenous IgG (IgGendo). The remarkable discrepancy between the simplicity of biodistribution data and the complexity of published PBPK models translates in parameter identifiability issues. In this thesis, we address this problem with a simplified PBPK model—derived from a hierarchy of more detailed PBPK models and based on simplifications of tissue distribution model. With the novel tissue model, we are breaking new grounds in mechanistic modeling of mAbs disposition: We demonstrate that binding to FcRn is indeed linear and that it is not possible to infer which tissues are involved in the unspecific elimination of wild-type mAbs. We also provide a new approach to predict tissue partition coefficients based on mechanistic insights: We directly link tissue partition coefficients (Ktis) to data-driven and species-independent published antibody biodistribution coefficients (ABCtis) and thus, we ensure the extrapolation from pre-clinical species to human with the simplified PBPK model. We further extend the simplified PBPK model to account for a target, relevant to characterize the non-linear clearance due to mAb-target interaction. With model reduction techniques, we reduce the dimensionality of the simplified PBPK model to design 2-compartment models, thus guiding classical model development with physiological and mechanistic interpretation of the PK parameters. We finally derive a new scaling approach for anatomical and physiological parameters in PBPK models that translates the inter-individual variability into the design of mechanistic covariate models with direct link to classical compartment models, specially useful for PK population analysis during clinical development.},
  language  = {en}
}