@article{CortesGarciaHoffmannWarschburgeretal.2019, author = {Cortes-Garcia, Laura and Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra and Senra, Carmen}, title = {Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating}, series = {International Journal of eating disorders}, volume = {52}, journal = {International Journal of eating disorders}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0276-3478}, doi = {10.1002/eat.23086}, pages = {924 -- 934}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective This prospective study explored bidirectional associations between attachment quality towards mother, father, and peers and disordered eating among a large population-based sample of boys and girls in the transition from preadolescence to adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether insecure attachment relationships emerged as a risk factor for or as an outcome of disordered eating. Method A population-based sample of 904 adolescent girls and boys was assessed four times, at baseline (T1; M-age = 10.8 years) and at 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up (T2, T3, and T4). Prospective data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models for each attachment figure (i.e., mother, father, peers) in a multigroup design to compare genders. Results Better attachment to the mother led to less pronounced disturbed eating in girls across the entire age range and in boys across two time periods. In girls, more pronounced disordered eating at T3 predicted worse attachment to the mother at T4 and better attachment to the father at T1 predicted less disturbed eating at T2. In boys, disordered eating at T1 predicted better attachment to the father at T2. Concerning peer attachment, better attachment at T1 predicted disordered eating at T2, in boys only. No other significant cross-lagged effects emerged. Discussion These findings highlight the differential and gender-specific contribution of attachment figures to the development of disordered eating in adolescence. Programs aimed at improving communication and trust in the relationship with parents might be promising in the prevention of disordered eating and the subsequent deterioration of parent-child attachment relationships.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannWarschburger2019, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Prospective relations among internalization of beauty ideals, body image concerns, and body change behaviors}, series = {Body image : an international journal of research}, volume = {28}, journal = {Body image : an international journal of research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1740-1445}, doi = {10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.011}, pages = {159 -- 167}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Common models propose that the internalization of societal beauty ideals influences disordered eating behaviors and muscularity-oriented behaviors via body image concerns. However, previous studies addressing these pathways have been mainly cross-sectional and primarily included female samples. We investigated these pathways prospectively in male and female adolescents and young adults, examining two pathways: a 'weight/shape pathway,' linking thin-ideal internalization, weight/shape concern, and restrained eating, and a 'muscularity pathway,' linking athletic-ideal internalization, muscularity concern, and muscularity-oriented behavior. Across three time points, 973 participants from the German general population were assessed. Although the hypothesized pathways could not be supported in their complete temporal sequence, several hypothesized pathways occurred across two time points. Among others, weight/shape concern predicted restrained eating and the athletic ideal played a prominent role in the prediction of muscularity-oriented behavior in both genders.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannWarschburger2018, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Patterns of body image concerns in adolescence and early adulthood}, series = {Eating Behaviors}, volume = {29}, journal = {Eating Behaviors}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1471-0153}, doi = {10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.02.002}, pages = {28 -- 34}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The present study aimed at identifying latent profiles of body image concerns in adolescents and young adults. Subsequently, associations between these profiles and potentially harmful behaviors are examined. Self-report data of 758 male and female adolescents, aged 14 to 22 years, were analyzed. Participants provided demographic and anthropometric data and completed surveys on weight/shape and muscularity concern as well as on disturbed eating behaviors and dysfunctional exercise. Latent profile analyses of weight/shape concern and muscularity concern were performed separately for each gender. The analyses indicated three-class solutions in men and women. In both genders, the inconspicuous class, characterized by small amounts of weight/shape and muscularity concerns, was the largest one (86\% in men, 68\% in women). Whereas 10\% of the men and 23\% of the women were assigned to the borderline class, 4\% of the men and 8\% of the women formed the conspicuous class (marked weight/shape and muscularity concerns). Between genders, the degrees of muscularity concern differed in the borderline and inconspicuous classes, while the degrees of weight/shape concern differed in the inconspicuous class only. The comparable degrees of weight/shape and muscularity concerns in men and women in the affected classes underline the relevance of both aspects in both genders. Classes could be distinguished by harmful behaviors, like restrained eating or emotional exercise, proving the clinical significance of body image concerns.}, language = {en} } @article{SchleglDittmerHoffmannetal.2018, author = {Schlegl, Sandra and Dittmer, Nina and Hoffmann, Svenja and Voderholzer, Ulrich}, title = {Self-reported quantity, compulsiveness and motives of exercise in patients with eating disorders and healthy controls}, series = {Journal of eating disorders}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of eating disorders}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {2050-2974}, doi = {10.1186/s40337-018-0202-6}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Compulsive exercise (CE) is a frequent symptom in patients with eating disorders (EDs). It includes, in addition to quantitatively excessive exercise behaviour, a driven aspect and specific motives of exercise. CE is generally associated with worse therapy outcomes. The aims of the study were to compare self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise as well as motives for exercise between patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we wanted to explore predictors of compulsive exercise (CE) in each group. Methods: We investigated 335 female participants (n = 226 inpatients, n = 109 HC) and assessed self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test), motives for exercise (Exercise Motivations Inventory-2), ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), obsessive-compulsiveness (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised), general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-2). Results: Both patients with AN and BN exercised significantly more hours per week and showed significantly higher CE than HC; no differences were found between patients with AN and BN. Patients with EDs and HC also partly varied in motives for exercise. Specific motives were enjoyment, challenge, recognition and weight management in patients with EDs in contrast to ill-health avoidance and affiliation in HC. Patients with AN and BN only differed in regard to exercise for appearance reasons in which patients with BN scored higher. The most relevant predictor of CE across groups was exercise for weight and shape reasons. Conclusions: Exercise behaviours and motives differ between patients with EDs and HC. CE was pronounced in both patients with AN and BN. Therefore, future research should focus not only on CE in patients with AN, but also on CE in patients with BN. Similarities in CE in patients with AN and BN support a transdiagnostic approach during the development of interventions specifically targeting CE in patients with EDs.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchleglDittmerHoffmannetal.2018, author = {Schlegl, Sandra and Dittmer, Nina and Hoffmann, Svenja and Voderholzer, Ulrich}, title = {Self-reported quantity, compulsiveness and motives of exercise in patients with eating disorders and healthy controls}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {687}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42683}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426831}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Compulsive exercise (CE) is a frequent symptom in patients with eating disorders (EDs). It includes, in addition to quantitatively excessive exercise behaviour, a driven aspect and specific motives of exercise. CE is generally associated with worse therapy outcomes. The aims of the study were to compare self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise as well as motives for exercise between patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we wanted to explore predictors of compulsive exercise (CE) in each group. Methods: We investigated 335 female participants (n = 226 inpatients, n = 109 HC) and assessed self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test), motives for exercise (Exercise Motivations Inventory-2), ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), obsessive-compulsiveness (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised), general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-2). Results: Both patients with AN and BN exercised significantly more hours per week and showed significantly higher CE than HC; no differences were found between patients with AN and BN. Patients with EDs and HC also partly varied in motives for exercise. Specific motives were enjoyment, challenge, recognition and weight management in patients with EDs in contrast to ill-health avoidance and affiliation in HC. Patients with AN and BN only differed in regard to exercise for appearance reasons in which patients with BN scored higher. The most relevant predictor of CE across groups was exercise for weight and shape reasons. Conclusions: Exercise behaviours and motives differ between patients with EDs and HC. CE was pronounced in both patients with AN and BN. Therefore, future research should focus not only on CE in patients with AN, but also on CE in patients with BN. Similarities in CE in patients with AN and BN support a transdiagnostic approach during the development of interventions specifically targeting CE in patients with EDs.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannWarschburger2017, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Weight, shape, and muscularity concerns in male and female adolescents}, series = {The international journal of eating disorders}, volume = {50}, journal = {The international journal of eating disorders}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0276-3478}, doi = {10.1002/eat.22635}, pages = {139 -- 147}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age and weight status on adolescents' body dissatisfaction and its change over 20 months in a gender-comparing design. The influence of body image concern on eating concern was also investigated. Method: In a prospective study, 675 male and female adolescents aged 12-16 were assessed using self-report questionnaires on weight, shape, muscularity, and eating concerns. Height and weight measurements were taken by trained personnel. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Analyses of latent means revealed more pronounced weight/shape concern in females than males and more pronounced muscularity concern in males than females. Weight/shape concern increased in females over time, whereas muscularity concern remained stable in both genders. Baseline levels of weight/shape concern could be predicted by age and weight status in females and by weight status in males. The only predictor of change in weight/shape concern was weight status in males. Baseline levels of muscularity concern could be predicted by age in females and by weight status in males. Similar effects were found for changes in muscularity concern in both genders. Increases in weight/shape and muscularity concern were associated with more pronounced eating concern. Discussion: The results confirm gender differences in distinctive facets of body image concern and its prediction. The relevance of increase in body image concern in adolescents is underlined by its association with eating concern in both genders. Further explanatory variables for change in body dissatisfaction should be examined in future studies.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannWarschburger2015, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Body image in obese children and adolescents. Body dissatisfaction and body size perception in relation to quality of life and weight loss}, series = {Psychotherapeut}, volume = {60}, journal = {Psychotherapeut}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0935-6185}, doi = {10.1007/s00278-015-0060-5}, pages = {498 -- 504}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Body dissatisfaction and an unrealistic perception of own body size are particularly common in obese children and adolescents; however, little is known about the association with weight-related quality of life and the impact on successful long-term weight loss. At the beginning of an inpatient child obesity rehabilitation program, 408 children and adolescents aged 9-12 years completed a questionnaire on body image (body silhouettes) and a body weight-specific questionnaire for overweight and obese children and adolescents (GW-LQ-KJ) on quality of life. Height and weight were measured by a physician at the beginning and 1 year after inpatient hospitalization. Of the participants 91.9 \% reported body dissatisfaction and 75.7 \% underestimated their own body size. There were no gender-specific differences in body dissatisfaction but boys perceived their body size more realistically than girls. Participants with body dissatisfaction and realistic body size perception showed a reduced weight-related quality of life. Those participants who realistically perceived their body size also lost less weight in the long term. The subjective underestimation of body size proved to be important for reduced weight-related quality of life and more pronounced long-term weight loss; therefore, body image should be taken into account in multimodal treatment programs.}, language = {de} }