@book{GurskyThoene2024, author = {Gursky, Karl-Heinz and Th{\"o}ne, Meike}, title = {20 Probleme aus dem Eigent{\"u}mer-Besitzer-Verh{\"a}ltnis}, series = {Klausurprobleme : Juristische {\"U}bungsb{\"u}cher}, journal = {Klausurprobleme : Juristische {\"U}bungsb{\"u}cher}, edition = {10., {\"u}berarbeitete}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8006-7161-8}, pages = {XV, 125}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zum Werk Der Band zum Eigent{\"u}mer-Besitzer-Verh{\"a}ltnis erscheint nunmehr in 10. Auflage und behandelt in bew{\"a}hrter Darstellungsform die wichtigsten in den {\"U}bungen und im Examen zur Bearbeitung gestellten Streitfragen aus diesem Bereich des Sachenrechts. Die einzelnen Probleme werden anhand von Beispielf{\"a}llen erkl{\"a}rt, die in Lehre und Rechtsprechung vertretenen Meinungen werden einander dabei gegen{\"u}bergestellt, die sie tragenden Argumente werden in K{\"u}rze herausgearbeitet und an weiteren F{\"a}llen erprobt. Auf diese Weise entwickeln Studierende das f{\"u}r die Falll{\"o}sung relevante juristische Problembewusstsein sowie die F{\"a}higkeit, die verschiedenen Ansichten und Argumente gegeneinander abzuw{\"a}gen, eine eigene Meinung zu bilden und sie {\"u}berzeugend zu begr{\"u}nden. Vorteile auf einen Blick alle relevanten Probleme zum Eigent{\"u}mer-Besitzer-Verh{\"a}ltnis in einem Band umfassende Fundstellensammlung f{\"u}r die in Lehre und Rechtsprechung vertretenen Meinungen Zur Neuauflage F{\"u}r die Neuauflage wurden die aktuelle Literatur sowie die neueste Rechtsprechung eingearbeitet sowie ein Abschnitt zum Aufbau von Meinungsstreits in Pr{\"u}fungen erg{\"a}nzt. Zielgruppe F{\"u}r Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften, Rechtsreferendarinnen und -referendare und AG-Leiterinnen und -Leiter.}, language = {de} } @book{Laloe2024, author = {Lalo{\"e}, Franck}, title = {Grundlagen kontinuierlicher Symmetrien}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-527-41415-4}, pages = {xii, 538}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das neue Buch von Franck Lalo{\"e} stellt einen symmetriebasierten Ansatz vor, um die Quantenmechanik auf einer fundamentalen Ebene zu verstehen, und liefert die dazugeh{\"o}rigen Rechentechniken, um fortgeschrittene Kurse {\"u}ber Kernphysik, Quantenoptik und Festk{\"o}rperphysik zu meistern.}, language = {de} } @book{AlexyFisahnHaehnchenetal.2024, author = {Alexy, Lennart and Fisahn, Andreas and H{\"a}hnchen, Susanne and Mushoff, Tobias and Trepte, Uwe}, title = {Das Rechtslexikon}, edition = {2., vollst{\"a}ndig {\"u}berarbeitete und erweiterte}, publisher = {Dietz}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-8012-0631-4}, pages = {356}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Kompetenz im handlichen Format in {\"u}ber 1.400 Stichw{\"o}rtern, 26 Tabellen und Schaubildern zu allen wichtigen Rechtsgebieten: Zivilrecht (z. B. Familien- und Erbrecht, Versicherungsrecht), Arbeitsrecht, {\"O}ffentliches Recht (z. B. Baurecht, Staats- und Verfassungsrecht, Umweltrecht, Verwaltungsrecht), Sozialrecht (z. B. Arbeitslosen- und Rentenversicherung), Strafrecht (einschließlich Jugendstrafrecht und Ordnungswidrigkeiten) sowie ihren europa- und v{\"o}lkerrechtlichen Bez{\"u}gen. Das Rechtslexikon ist in seiner 2. Auflage erg{\"a}nzt worden um zahlreiche neue und aktuelle Begriffe wie Impfpflicht, Quarant{\"a}ne, Radwegbenutzung, Schutzpflicht, Crowdworking, Homeoffice/mobiles Arbeiten, Datenschutzgrundverordnung, Mediation, Smart Contract u.v.a.m. Das Lexikon erkl{\"a}rt außerdem Normen und Grunds{\"a}tze des deutschen und europ{\"a}ischen Rechts, knapp, zuverl{\"a}ssig und verst{\"a}ndlich. Grundlegende Fragen und Zusammenh{\"a}nge werden in besonderen {\"U}berblicksartikeln erl{\"a}utert. Querverweise machen auf verwandte Themen im Lexikon aufmerksam. Ein Lexikon f{\"u}r juristisch interessierte Laien, Studierende sowie Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler.}, language = {de} } @article{Kosman2024, author = {Kosman, Admiʾel}, title = {?של מי הנקמה}, series = {אלכסון}, journal = {אלכסון}, year = {2024}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Schroeder2024, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Jakob}, title = {Fundamentals of diffraction-based residual stress and texture analysis of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62197}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621972}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 135}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the production of metal structures with exceptional design freedom, of which laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most common. In this process, a laser melts a bed of loose feedstock powder particles layer-by-layer to build a structure with the desired geometry. During fabrication, the repeated melting and rapid, directional solidification create large temperature gradients that generate large thermal stress. This thermal stress can itself lead to cracking or delamination during fabrication. More often, large residual stresses remain in the final part as a footprint of the thermal stress. This residual stress can cause premature distortion or even failure of the part in service. Hence, knowledge of the residual stress field is critical for both process optimization and structural integrity. Diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress fields. However, such methods require a good knowledge of the material of interest, as certain assumptions must be made to accurately determine residual stress. First, the measured lattice plane spacings must be converted to lattice strains with the knowledge of a strain-free material state. Second, the measured lattice strains must be related to the macroscopic stress using Hooke's law, which requires knowledge of the stiffness of the material. Since most crystal structures exhibit anisotropic material behavior, the elastic behavior is specific to each lattice plane of the single crystal. Thus, the use of individual lattice planes in monochromatic diffraction residual stress analysis requires knowledge of the lattice plane-specific elastic properties. In addition, knowledge of the microstructure of the material is required for a reliable assessment of residual stress. This work presents a toolbox for reliable diffraction-based residual stress analysis. This is presented for a nickel-based superalloy produced by PBF-LB. First, this work reviews the existing literature in the field of residual stress analysis of laser-based AM using diffraction-based techniques. Second, the elastic and plastic anisotropy of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 produced by PBF-LB is studied using in situ energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. These experiments are complemented by ex situ material characterization techniques. These methods establish the relationship between the microstructure and texture of the material and its elastic and plastic anisotropy. Finally, surface, sub-surface, and bulk residual stress are determined using a texture-based approach. Uncertainties of different methods for obtaining stress-free reference values are discussed. The tensile behavior in the as-built condition is shown to be controlled by texture and cellular sub-grain structure, while in the heat-treated condition the precipitation of strengthening phases and grain morphology dictate the behavior. In fact, the results of this thesis show that the diffraction elastic constants depend on the underlying microstructure, including texture and grain morphology. For columnar microstructures in both as-built and heat-treated conditions, the diffraction elastic constants are best described by the Reuss iso-stress model. Furthermore, the low accumulation of intergranular strains during deformation demonstrates the robustness of using the 311 reflection for the diffraction-based residual stress analysis with columnar textured microstructures. The differences between texture-based and quasi-isotropic approaches for the residual stress analysis are shown to be insignificant in the observed case. However, the analysis of the sub-surface residual stress distributions show, that different scanning strategies result in a change in the orientation of the residual stress tensor. Furthermore, the location of the critical sub-surface tensile residual stress is related to the surface roughness and the microstructure. Finally, recommendations are given for the diffraction-based determination and evaluation of residual stress in textured additively manufactured alloys.}, language = {en} } @techreport{NastanskySiris2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nastansky, Andreas and Siris, Sarah}, title = {Risikoverbund zwischen Banken und Staaten}, series = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge}, volume = {56}, journal = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61989}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-619891}, pages = {50}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Begrenzung systemischer Risiken ist essentieller Bestandteil der neuen internationalen Finanzmarktordnung. Dabei galt es nicht nur die Verflechtung der Banken untereinander, sondern auch die Verbindung zwischen den Staatsfinanzen und der Solvenz der nationalen Bankensysteme (dem sog. Risikoverbund zwischen Staat und Banken) zu durchbrechen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung der Forderungen gegen{\"u}ber Staaten in den Bankbilanzen der Eurol{\"a}nder und des Eurosystems im Zeitverlauf sowie den daraus erwachsenden Risiken f{\"u}r die Finanzstabilit{\"a}t. Hierzu werden die Determinanten des Risikoverbunds theoretisch wie empirisch analysiert. Die fiskalische Kapazit{\"a}t der Eurostaaten wird anhand verschiedener Faktoren wie der Verschuldungsquote, dem Leistungsbilanzsaldo und der Kredit-BIP L{\"u}cke aufgezeigt; anschließend werden die Strukturen der Bankensysteme im Euroraum untersucht. Im Einzelnen werden die private und staatliche Gesamtverschuldung, die konsolidierte Bankenbilanzsumme und die darin enthaltenen Verbindlichkeiten sowie der Anteil des Bankensektors an der Bruttowertsch{\"o}pfung in Relation zur Wirtschaftsleistung betrachtet. Außerdem finden NPE-Best{\"a}nde in den Bankbilanzen sowie die Renditen der emittierten Staatsanleihen und damit in Verbindung stehenden CDS-Spreads Betrachtung. Zus{\"a}tzlich werden die Konzentration, der Verschuldungsgrad, Liquidit{\"a}tsziffern sowie l{\"a}nderspezifische Unterschiede in Art und Fristigkeit der Refinanzierung der Bankensektoren abgebildet. Auf Basis der empirischen Befunde werden im Hinblick auf die wechselseitigen Ansteckungseffekte zwischen Banken und Staaten Implikationen f{\"u}r die Finanzmarktregulierung diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-62360, title = {Du sollst nicht essen}, editor = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, publisher = {Ergon}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-98740-007-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783987400087}, pages = {172}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zwar sind Menschen biologisch gesehen Allesesser, dennoch gibt es keine Gemeinschaft, die alle ihr zur Verf{\"u}gung stehenden Nahrungsmittel voll aussch{\"o}pft. Immer wird etwas nicht gegessen. Warum wir nicht essen, was wir nicht essen - das beleuchtet dieser Sammelband aus neuro-, ern{\"a}hrungs-, gesellschafts- und religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Ein „religi{\"o}ser Nutriscore" gibt Auskunft {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Verzichtsregeln in Judentum, Christentum und Islam. Eine Fotostrecke veranschaulicht, wie bestimmte Speisen zu Festen und Feiertagen zu einem heiligen Essen werden. Nicht zuletzt werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie Menschen, die verschiedene Speiseregeln befolgen, dennoch zusammen essen k{\"o}nnen - inklusive Praxistest in der Unimensa.}, language = {de} } @article{UthBlestelSanchezMoreano2024, author = {Uth, Melanie and Blestel, {\´E}lodie and S{\´a}nchez Moreano, Santiago}, title = {Labialization of final nasals}, series = {Forma y funci{\´o}n}, volume = {37}, journal = {Forma y funci{\´o}n}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas}, address = {Bogot{\´a}}, issn = {2256-5469}, doi = {10.15446/fyf.v37n1.104644}, pages = {1 -- 25}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Comparamos la labializaci{\´o}n no asimiladora de nasales finales en espa{\~n}ol en tres corpus de espa{\~n}ol americano (mexicano, colombiano y paraguayo). Si bien es conocida la labializaci{\´o}n no asimiladora en espa{\~n}ol yucateco, es en gran parte desconocida en otras regiones de habla hispana, por lo que a menudo se atribuye a la influencia maya. Ahora bien, se han se{\~n}alado casualmente h{\´a}bitos de pronunciaci{\´o}n similares tanto en Paraguay como en Colombia. Comparando emp{\´i}ricamente la labializaci{\´o}n en tres corpus constituidos sobre la misma base metodol{\´o}gica, concluimos que la evidencia a favor del contacto ling{\"u}{\´i}stico es como mucho sumamente indirecta. Independientemente de esto, encontramos que la diferencia m{\´a}s marcada es que la tasa de labializaci{\´o}n parece ser determinada por la duraci{\´o}n de la pausa subsiguiente en los datos de la pen{\´i}nsula yucateca, mas no en aquellos de Colombia y Paraguay. Argumentamos que es cierto que el contacto puede eventualmente haber desencadenado el desarrollo de este rasgo en el espa{\~n}ol yucateco, puesto que el espa{\~n}ol actual casi no conoce nasales labiales finales, pero el maya s{\´i}. Sin embargo, el perfil ling{\"u}{\´i}stico (hablantes monoling{\"u}es vs. biling{\"u}es) no tiene ning{\´u}n efecto en nuestros datos yucatecos y paraguayos, y en el total de nuestros datos tampoco encontramos evidencia en favor de la hip{\´o}tesis que el contacto ling{\"u}{\´i}stico hubiera jugado un rol (importante) en el desarrollo de las labiales nasales en las tres variedades.}, language = {es} } @phdthesis{Streitboerger2024, author = {Streitb{\"o}rger, Chiara}, title = {Preisalgorithmenkartelle}, series = {Datenrecht und neue Technologien}, volume = {9}, journal = {Datenrecht und neue Technologien}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-0838-4}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {325}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Mithilfe von Preisalgorithmen sind Unternehmen in der Lage, automatische und wechselseitige Preisanpassungen vorzunehmen. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen klassische Kartellkonstellationen mangels konspirativer Treffen in den Hintergrund treten. Die Arbeit zeigt auf, unter welchen Voraussetzungen der Einsatz von Preisalgorithmen einen Verstoß gegen das europ{\"a}ische Kartellverbot begr{\"u}nden kann. Dazu werden Fallkonstellationen beleuchtet, die ein algorithmisches Zusammenwirken sowohl unmittelbar zwischen Wettbewerbern als auch mittelbar {\"u}ber einen Dritten begr{\"u}nden. Ferner wird auch auf algorithmenspezifische Compliance-Maßnahmen eingegangen. Schließlich werden die praktischen Herausforderungen bei der Aufdeckung und dem Nachweis solcher Kartelle aufgezeigt.}, language = {de} } @book{Balderjahn2024, author = {Balderjahn, Ingo}, title = {Lust auf Verzicht}, publisher = {oekom verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-98726-319-4}, doi = {10.14512/9783987263194}, pages = {216}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der globale Klimawandel nimmt weiter bedrohlich zu. Hitzewellen, Flutkatastrophen und Waldbr{\"a}nde geh{\"o}ren fast schon zum Alltag. Trotzdem ist die Bereitschaft in der deutschen Bev{\"o}lkerung gering, selbst einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu leisten. Das {\"u}berrascht, denn in Umfragen bekennt sich immer eine große Mehrheit zum Klimaschutz. Allerdings haben wohl viele einen Klimaschutz im Kopf, der pers{\"o}nlich nichts kosten und nichts ver{\"a}ndern darf. Ingo Balderjahn setzt sich mit diesem Widerspruch aus verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Sicht auseinander und legt offen, warum viele weiterhin ungebremst verschwenderisch und klimasch{\"a}dlich konsumieren. Andererseits gibt es durchaus Menschen, die deutlich weniger konsumieren, als sie sich finanziell leisten k{\"o}nnten. Diese Minderheit in Deutschland verzichtet freiwillig auf eher unn{\"o}tige und kurzlebige G{\"u}ter - ohne irgendetwas dabei zu entbehren. Im Gegenteil: Gen{\"u}gsame Konsumgewohnheiten st{\"a}rken die pers{\"o}nliche Selbstbestimmung, Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit und Zufriedenheit.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zhou2024, author = {Zhou, Xiangqian}, title = {Modeling of spatially distributed nitrate transport to investigate the effects of drought and river restoration in the Bode catchment, Central Germany}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62105}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621059}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VIII, 168}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has identified river morphological alteration and diffuse pollution as the two main pressures affecting water bodies in Europe at the catchment scale. Consequently, river restoration has become a priority to achieve the WFD's objective of good ecological status. However, little is known about the effects of stream morphological changes, such as re-meandering, on in-stream nitrate retention at the river network scale. Therefore, catchment nitrate modeling is necessary to guide the implementation of spatially targeted and cost-effective mitigation measures. Meanwhile, Germany, like many other regions in central Europe, has experienced consecutive summer droughts from 2015-2018, resulting in significant changes in river nitrate concentrations in various catchments. However, the mechanistic exploration of catchment nitrate responses to changing weather conditions is still lacking. Firstly, a fully distributed, process-based catchment Nitrate model (mHM-Nitrate) was used, which was properly calibrated and comprehensively evaluated at numerous spatially distributed nitrate sampling locations. Three calibration schemes were designed, taking into account land use, stream order, and mean nitrate concentrations, and they varied in spatial coverage but used data from the same period (2011-2019). The model performance for discharge was similar among the three schemes, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. However, for nitrate concentrations, scheme 2 outperformed schemes 1 and 3 when compared to observed data from eight gauging stations. This was likely because scheme 2 incorporated a diverse range of data, including low discharge values and nitrate concentrations, and thus provided a better representation of within-catchment heterogenous. Therefore, the study suggests that strategically selecting gauging stations that reflect the full range of within-catchment heterogeneity is more important for calibration than simply increasing the number of stations. Secondly, the mHM-Nitrate model was used to reveal the causal relations between sequential droughts and nitrate concentration in the Bode catchment (3200 km2) in central Germany, where stream nitrate concentrations exhibited contrasting trends from upstream to downstream reaches. The model was evaluated using data from six gauging stations, reflecting different levels of runoff components and their associated nitrate-mixing from upstream to downstream. Results indicated that the mHM-Nitrate model reproduced dynamics of daily discharge and nitrate concentration well, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency ≥ 0.73 for discharge and Kling-Gupta Efficiency ≥ 0.50 for nitrate concentration at most stations. Particularly, the spatially contrasting trends of nitrate concentration were successfully captured by the model. The decrease of nitrate concentration in the lowland area in drought years (2015-2018) was presumably due to (1) limited terrestrial export loading (ca. 40\% lower than that of normal years 2004-2014), and (2) increased in-stream retention efficiency (20\% higher in summer within the whole river network). From a mechanistic modelling perspective, this study provided insights into spatially heterogeneous flow and nitrate dynamics and effects of sequential droughts, which shed light on water-quality responses to future climate change, as droughts are projected to be more frequent. Thirdly, this study investigated the effects of stream restoration via re-meandering on in-stream nitrate retention at network-scale in the well-monitored Bode catchment. The mHM-Nitrate model showed good performance in reproducing daily discharge and nitrate concentrations, with median Kling-Gupta values of 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of gross nitrate retention efficiency, which accounted for both denitrification and assimilatory uptake, were 5.1 ± 0.61\% and 74.7 ± 23.2\% in winter and summer, respectively, within the stream network. The study found that in the summer, denitrification rates were about two times higher in lowland sub-catchments dominated by agricultural lands than in mountainous sub-catchments dominated by forested areas, with median ± SD of 204 ± 22.6 and 102 ± 22.1 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Similarly, assimilatory uptake rates were approximately five times higher in streams surrounded by lowland agricultural areas than in those in higher-elevation, forested areas, with median ± SD of 200 ± 27.1 and 39.1 ± 8.7 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Therefore, restoration strategies targeting lowland agricultural areas may have greater potential for increasing nitrate retention. The study also found that restoring stream sinuosity could increase net nitrate retention efficiency by up to 25.4 ± 5.3\%, with greater effects seen in small streams. These results suggest that restoration efforts should consider augmenting stream sinuosity to increase nitrate retention and decrease nitrate concentrations at the catchment scale.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Halbruegge2024, author = {Halbr{\"u}gge, Lena}, title = {Von der Curricularen Innovation zur Wissenschaftskommunikation}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62035}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-620357}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {226}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Im Rahmen einer explorativen Entwicklung wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein Konzept zur Wissenschaftskommunikation f{\"u}r ein Graduiertenkolleg, in dem an photochemischen Prozessen geforscht wird, erstellt und anschließend evaluiert. Der Grund daf{\"u}r ist die immer st{\"a}rker wachsende Forderung nach Wissenschaftskommunikation seitens der Politik. Es wird dar{\"u}ber hinaus gefordert, dass die Kommunikation der eigenen Forschung in Zukunft integrativer Bestandteil des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens wird. Um junge Wissenschaftler bereits fr{\"u}hzeitig auf diese Aufgabe vorzubereiten, wird Wissenschaftskommunikation auch in Forschungsverb{\"u}nden realisiert. Aus diesem Grund wurde in einer Vorstudie untersucht, welche Anforderungen an ein Konzept zur Wissenschaftskommunikation im Rahmen eines Forschungsverbundes gestellt werden, indem die Einstellung der Doktoranden zur Wissenschaftskommunikation sowie ihre Kommunikationsf{\"a}higkeiten anhand eines geschlossenen Fragebogens evaluiert wurden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden aus den Daten Wissenschaftskommunikationstypen abgeleitet. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse wurden unterschiedliche Wissenschaftskommunikationsmaßnahmen entwickelt, die sich in der Konzeption, den Rezipienten, sowie der Form der Kommunikation und den Inhalten unterscheiden. Im Rahmen dieser Entwicklung wurde eine Lerneinheit mit Bezug auf die Inhalte des Graduiertenkollegs, bestehend aus einem Lehr-Lern-Experiment und den dazugeh{\"o}rigen Begleitmaterialien, konzipiert. Anschließend wurde die Lerneinheit in eine der Wissenschaftskommunikationsmaßnahmen integriert. Je nach Anforderung an die Doktoranden, wurden die Maßnahmen durch vorbereitende Workshops erg{\"a}nzt. Durch einen halboffenen Pre-Post-Fragebogen wurde der Einfluss der Wissenschaftskommunikationsmaßnahmen und der dazugeh{\"o}rigen Workshops auf die Selbstwirksamkeit der Doktoranden evaluiert, um R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse darauf zu ziehen, wie sich die Wahrnehmung der eigenen Kommunikationsf{\"a}higkeiten durch die Interventionen ver{\"a}ndert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die einzelnen Wissenschaftskommunikationsmaßnahmen die verschiedenen Typen in unterschiedlicher Weise beeinflussen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass es abh{\"a}ngig von der eigenen Einsch{\"a}tzung der Kommunikationsf{\"a}higkeit unterschiedliche Bed{\"u}rfnisse der F{\"o}rderung gibt, die durch dedizierte Wissenschaftskommunikationsmaßnahmen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden k{\"o}nnen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden erste Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r eine allgemeing{\"u}ltige Strategie vorgeschlagen, die die individuellen F{\"a}higkeiten zur Wissenschaftskommunikation in einem naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungsverbund f{\"o}rdert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2024, author = {Schmidt, Lena Katharina}, title = {Altered hydrological and sediment dynamics in high-alpine areas - Exploring the potential of machine-learning for estimating past and future changes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62330}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-623302}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 129}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Climate change fundamentally transforms glaciated high-alpine regions, with well-known cryospheric and hydrological implications, such as accelerating glacier retreat, transiently increased runoff, longer snow-free periods and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. These changes affect the availability and transport of sediments in high alpine areas by altering the interaction and intensity of different erosion processes and catchment properties. Gaining insight into the future alterations in suspended sediment transport by high alpine streams is crucial, given its wide-ranging implications, e.g. for flood damage potential, flood hazard in downstream river reaches, hydropower production, riverine ecology and water quality. However, the current understanding of how climate change will impact suspended sediment dynamics in these high alpine regions is limited. For one, this is due to the scarcity of measurement time series that are long enough to e.g. infer trends. On the other hand, it is difficult - if not impossible - to develop process-based models, due to the complexity and multitude of processes involved in high alpine sediment dynamics. Therefore, knowledge has so far been confined to conceptual models (which do not facilitate deriving concrete timings or magnitudes for individual catchments) or qualitative estimates ('higher export in warmer years') that may not be able to capture decreases in sediment export. Recently, machine-learning approaches have gained in popularity for modeling sediment dynamics, since their black box nature tailors them to the problem at hand, i.e. relatively well-understood input and output data, linked by very complex processes. Therefore, the overarching aim of this thesis is to estimate sediment export from the high alpine {\"O}tztal valley in Tyrol, Austria, over decadal timescales in the past and future - i.e. timescales relevant to anthropogenic climate change. This is achieved by informing, extending, evaluating and applying a quantile regression forest (QRF) approach, i.e. a nonparametric, multivariate machine-learning technique based on random forest. The first study included in this thesis aimed to understand present sediment dynamics, i.e. in the period with available measurements (up to 15 years). To inform the modeling setup for the two subsequent studies, this study identified the most important predictors, areas within the catchments and time periods. To that end, water and sediment yields from three nested gauges in the upper {\"O}tztal, Vent, S{\"o}lden and Tumpen (98 to almost 800 km² catchment area, 930 to 3772 m a.s.l.) were analyzed for their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. The findings suggest that the areas situated above 2500 m a.s.l., containing glacier tongues and recently deglaciated areas, play a pivotal role in sediment generation across all sub-catchments. In contrast, precipitation events were relatively unimportant (on average, 21 \% of annual sediment yield was associated to precipitation events). Thus, the second and third study focused on the Vent catchment and its sub-catchment above gauge Vernagt (11.4 and 98 km², 1891 to 3772 m a.s.l.), due to their higher share of areas above 2500 m. Additionally, they included discharge, precipitation and air temperature (as well as their antecedent conditions) as predictors. The second study aimed to estimate sediment export since the 1960s/70s at gauges Vent and Vernagt. This was facilitated by the availability of long records of the predictors, discharge, precipitation and air temperature, and shorter records (four and 15 years) of turbidity-derived sediment concentrations at the two gauges. The third study aimed to estimate future sediment export until 2100, by applying the QRF models developed in the second study to pre-existing precipitation and temperature projections (EURO-CORDEX) and discharge projections (physically-based hydroclimatological and snow model AMUNDSEN) for the three representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The combined results of the second and third study show overall increasing sediment export in the past and decreasing export in the future. This suggests that peak sediment is underway or has already passed - unless precipitation changes unfold differently than represented in the projections or changes in the catchment erodibility prevail and override these trends. Despite the overall future decrease, very high sediment export is possible in response to precipitation events. This two-fold development has important implications for managing sediment, flood hazard and riverine ecology. This thesis shows that QRF can be a very useful tool to model sediment export in high-alpine areas. Several validations in the second study showed good performance of QRF and its superiority to traditional sediment rating curves - especially in periods that contained high sediment export events, which points to its ability to deal with threshold effects. A technical limitation of QRF is the inability to extrapolate beyond the range of values represented in the training data. We assessed the number and severity of such out-of-observation-range (OOOR) days in both studies, which showed that there were few OOOR days in the second study and that uncertainties associated with OOOR days were small before 2070 in the third study. As the pre-processed data and model code have been made publically available, future studies can easily test further approaches or apply QRF to further catchments.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schifferle2024, author = {Schifferle, Lukas}, title = {Optical properties of (Mg,Fe)O at high pressure}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62216}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622166}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIV, 90}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Large parts of the Earth's interior are inaccessible to direct observation, yet global geodynamic processes are governed by the physical material properties under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. It is therefore essential to investigate the deep Earth's physical properties through in-situ laboratory experiments. With this goal in mind, the optical properties of mantle minerals at high pressure offer a unique way to determine a variety of physical properties, in a straight-forward, reproducible, and time-effective manner, thus providing valuable insights into the physical processes of the deep Earth. This thesis focusses on the system Mg-Fe-O, specifically on the optical properties of periclase (MgO) and its iron-bearing variant ferropericlase ((Mg,Fe)O), forming a major planetary building block. The primary objective is to establish links between physical material properties and optical properties. In particular the spin transition in ferropericlase, the second-most abundant phase of the lower mantle, is known to change the physical material properties. Although the spin transition region likely extends down to the core-mantle boundary, the ef-fects of the mixed-spin state, where both high- and low-spin state are present, remains poorly constrained. In the studies presented herein, we show how optical properties are linked to physical properties such as electrical conductivity, radiative thermal conductivity and viscosity. We also show how the optical properties reveal changes in the chemical bonding. Furthermore, we unveil how the chemical bonding, the optical and other physical properties are affected by the iron spin transition. We find opposing trends in the pres-sure dependence of the refractive index of MgO and (Mg,Fe)O. From 1 atm to ~140 GPa, the refractive index of MgO decreases by ~2.4\% from 1.737 to 1.696 (±0.017). In contrast, the refractive index of (Mg0.87Fe0.13)O (Fp13) and (Mg0.76Fe0.24)O (Fp24) ferropericlase increases with pressure, likely because Fe Fe interactions between adjacent iron sites hinder a strong decrease of polarizability, as it is observed with increasing density in the case of pure MgO. An analysis of the index dispersion in MgO (decreasing by ~23\% from 1 atm to ~103 GPa) reflects a widening of the band gap from ~7.4 eV at 1 atm to ~8.5 (±0.6) eV at ~103 GPa. The index dispersion (between 550 and 870 nm) of Fp13 reveals a decrease by a factor of ~3 over the spin transition range (~44-100 GPa). We show that the electrical band gap of ferropericlase significantly widens up to ~4.7 eV in the mixed spin region, equivalent to an increase by a factor of ~1.7. We propose that this is due to a lower electron mobility between adjacent Fe2+ sites of opposite spin, explaining the previously observed low electrical conductivity in the mixed spin region. From the study of absorbance spectra in Fp13, we show an increasing covalency of the Fe-O bond with pressure for high-spin ferropericlase, whereas in the low-spin state a trend to a more ionic nature of the Fe-O bond is observed, indicating a bond weakening effect of the spin transition. We found that the spin transition is ultimately caused by both an increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and a decreasing spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Eren2024, author = {Eren, Enis Oğuzhan}, title = {Covalent anode materials for high-energy sodium-ion batteries}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62258}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622585}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 153}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The reliance on fossil fuels has resulted in an abnormal increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, contributing to the global climate crisis. In response, a rapid transition to renewable energy sources has begun, particularly lithium-ion batteries, playing a crucial role in the green energy transformation. However, concerns regarding the availability and geopolitical implications of lithium have prompted the exploration of alternative rechargeable battery systems, such as sodium-ion batteries. Sodium is significantly abundant and more homogeneously distributed in the crust and seawater, making it easier and less expensive to extract than lithium. However, because of the mysterious nature of its components, sodium-ion batteries are not yet sufficiently advanced to take the place of lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, sodium exhibits a more metallic character and a larger ionic radius, resulting in a different ion storage mechanism utilized in lithium-ion batteries. Innovations in synthetic methods, post-treatments, and interface engineering clearly demonstrate the significance of developing high-performance carbonaceous anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The objective of this dissertation is to present a systematic approach for fabricating efficient, high-performance, and sustainable carbonaceous anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. This will involve a comprehensive investigation of different chemical environments and post-modification techniques as well. This dissertation focuses on three main objectives. Firstly, it explores the significance of post-synthetic methods in designing interfaces. A conformal carbon nitride coating is deposited through chemical vapor deposition on a carbon electrode as an artificial solid-electrolyte interface layer, resulting in improved electrochemical performance. The interaction between the carbon nitride artificial interface and the carbon electrode enhances initial Coulombic efficiency, rate performance, and total capacity. Secondly, a novel process for preparing sulfur-rich carbon as a high-performing anode material for sodium-ion batteries is presented. The method involves using an oligo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene precursor for high sulfur content hard carbon anode to investigate the sulfur heteroatom effect on the electrochemical sodium storage mechanism. By optimizing the condensation temperature, a significant transformation in the materials' nanostructure is achieved, leading to improved electrochemical performance. The use of in-operando small-angle X-ray scattering provides valuable insights into the interaction between micropores and sodium ions during the electrochemical processes. Lastly, the development of high-capacity hard carbon, derived from 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, is examined. This carbon material exhibits exceptional performance at both low and high current densities. Extensive electrochemical and physicochemical characterizations shed light on the sodium storage mechanism concerning the chemical environment, establishing the material's stability and potential applications in sodium-ion batteries.}, language = {en} } @misc{ErnstProeveKrieger2024, author = {Ernst, Sebastian and Pr{\"o}ve, Ralf and Krieger, Jannis M.}, title = {Konstruktivistisches Prozessmodell Historischer Erkenntnisbildung}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626341}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Vergangenheit ist vergangen, Geschichte wird gemacht. An diesem Konstruktionsprozess sind nicht nur die historischen Akteur:innen und deren Quellen, sondern in besonderem Maße auch die Historiker:innen, die sich mit diesen auseinandersetzen, beteiligt. Sie sind es, die die Quellen erst zum Sprudeln bringen. Was dabei zutage tritt, ist somit in hohem Maße von den Forschenden selbst, von ihren Vorannahmen und Methoden aber auch von ihren sozialen, kulturellen und biografischen Pr{\"a}gungen abh{\"a}ngig. Das hier vorgestellte Prozessmodell versucht, diese als Einflussfaktoren zu fassen und sichtbar zu machen, um auf dieser Basis eine erweiterte wissenschaftliche (Selbst-)Reflexion zu erm{\"o}glichen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rabe2024, author = {Rabe, Maximilian Michael}, title = {Modeling the interaction of sentence processing and eye-movement control in reading}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62279}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622792}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 171}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The evaluation of process-oriented cognitive theories through time-ordered observations is crucial for the advancement of cognitive science. The findings presented herein integrate insights from research on eye-movement control and sentence comprehension during reading, addressing challenges in modeling time-ordered data, statistical inference, and interindividual variability. Using kernel density estimation and a pseudo-marginal likelihood for fixation durations and locations, a likelihood implementation of the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading (Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813) is proposed. Within the broader framework of data assimilation, Bayesian parameter inference with adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques is facilitated for reliable model fitting. Across the different studies, this framework has shown to enable reliable parameter recovery from simulated data and prediction of experimental summary statistics. Despite its complexity, SWIFT can be fitted within a principled Bayesian workflow, capturing interindividual differences and modeling experimental effects on reading across different geometrical alterations of text. Based on these advancements, the integrated dynamical model SEAM is proposed, which combines eye-movement control, a traditionally psychological research area, and post-lexical language processing in the form of cue-based memory retrieval (Lewis \& Vasishth, Cognitive Science, 29, 2005, pp. 375-419), typically the purview of psycholinguistics. This proof-of-concept integration marks a significant step forward in natural language comprehension during reading and suggests that the presented methodology can be useful to develop complex cognitive dynamical models that integrate processes at levels of perception, higher cognition, and (oculo-)motor control. These findings collectively advance process-oriented cognitive modeling and highlight the importance of Bayesian inference, individual differences, and interdisciplinary integration for a holistic understanding of reading processes. Implications for theory and methodology, including proposals for model comparison and hierarchical parameter inference, are briefly discussed.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-61194, title = {Landesrecht Brandenburg}, series = {Nomos Gesetze}, journal = {Nomos Gesetze}, editor = {von Br{\"u}nneck, Alexander and H{\"a}rtel, Ines and Dombert, Matthias}, edition = {27. Auflage, Stand: 15. August 2023}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7560-1043-1}, pages = {949}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die topaktuelle 27. Auflage mit den wichtigsten Vorschriften des Landes Brandenburg f{\"u}r Studium, Referendariat und juristische Praxis ber{\"u}cksichtigt u.a. {\"A}nderungen des Landeswahlgesetzes, des Polizei- und des Pressegesetzes, des Juristenausbildungsgesetzes und der Juristenausbildungsordnung sowie des Schiedsstellen-, Schlichtungs- und G{\"u}testellengesetzes. Schaubilder verdeutlichen den Aufbau der Gerichtsbarkeit und der Verwaltung. Gliederungen und ein ausf{\"u}hrliches Register f{\"u}hren schnell zur gesuchten Norm, die durchg{\"a}ngige Satznummerierung gew{\"a}hrleistet pr{\"a}zise Zitierf{\"a}higkeit. Die Sammlung ist in Brandenburg zu den Staatsexamina zugelassen.}, language = {de} } @article{RockstroemKotzeMilutinovićetal.2024, author = {Rockstr{\"o}m, Johan and Kotz{\´e}, Louis and Milutinović, Svetlana and Biermann, Frank and Brovkin, Victor and Donges, Jonathan and Ebbesson, Jonas and French, Duncan and Gupta, Joyeeta and Kim, Rakhyun and Lenton, Timothy and Lenzi, Dominic and Nakicenovic, Nebojsa and Neumann, Barbara and Schuppert, Fabian and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Bosselmann, Klaus and Folke, Carl and Lucht, Wolfgang and Schlosberg, David and Richardson, Katherine and Steffen, Will}, title = {The planetary commons}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {121}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {5}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2301531121}, pages = {10}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no- analogue tra­jectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons frame­work by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Shaw2024, author = {Shaw, Vasundhara}, title = {Cosmic-ray transport and signatures in their local environment}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62019}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-620198}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {143}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The origin and structure of magnetic fields in the Galaxy are largely unknown. What is known is that they are essential for several astrophysical processes, in particular the propagation of cosmic rays. Our ability to describe the propagation of cosmic rays through the Galaxy is severely limited by the lack of observational data needed to probe the structure of the Galactic magnetic field on many different length scales. This is particularly true for modelling the propagation of cosmic rays into the Galactic halo, where our knowledge of the magnetic field is particularly poor. In the last decade, observations of the Galactic halo in different frequency regimes have revealed the existence of out-of-plane bubble emission in the Galactic halo. In gamma rays these bubbles have been termed Fermi bubbles with a radial extent of ≈ 3 kpc and an azimuthal height of ≈ 6 kpc. The radio counterparts of the Fermi bubbles were seen by both the S-PASS telescopes and the Planck satellite, and showed a clear spatial overlap. The X-ray counterparts of the Fermi bubbles were named eROSITA bubbles after the eROSITA satellite, with a radial width of ≈ 7 kpc and an azimuthal height of ≈ 14 kpc. Taken together, these observations suggest the presence of large extended Galactic Halo Bubbles (GHB) and have stimulated interest in exploring the less explored Galactic halo. In this thesis, a new toy model (GHB model) for the magnetic field and non-thermal electron distribution in the Galactic halo has been proposed. The new toy model has been used to produce polarised synchrotron emission sky maps. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the synthetic skymaps with the Planck 30 GHz polarised skymaps. The obtained constraints on the strength and azimuthal height were found to be in agreement with the S-PASS radio observations. The upper, lower and best-fit values obtained from the above chi-squared analysis were used to generate three separate toy models. These three models were used to propagate ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This study was carried out for two potential sources, Centaurus A and NGC 253, to produce magnification maps and arrival direction skymaps. The simulated arrival direction skymaps were found to be consistent with the hotspots of Centaurus A and NGC 253 as seen in the observed arrival direction skymaps provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO). The turbulent magnetic field component of the GHB model was also used to investigate the extragalactic dipole suppression seen by PAO. UHECRs with an extragalactic dipole were forward-tracked through the turbulent GHB model at different field strengths. The suppression in the dipole due to the varying diffusion coefficient from the simulations was noted. The results could also be compared with an analytical analogy of electrostatics. The simulations of the extragalactic dipole suppression were in agreement with similar studies carried out for galactic cosmic rays.}, language = {en} }