@misc{OseiBlockWippert2022,
  author    = {Osei, Francis and Block, Andrea and Wippert, Pia-Maria},
  title     = {Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58176},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-581769},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case-control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size (n = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case-control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR \% = 87.0 ± 6.4\%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50\% (urinary cortisol), 40\% (serum cortisol), 60\% (salivary cortisol), and 100\% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60\% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100\% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KesslerHornemannRudovichetal.2020,
  author    = {Kessler, Katharina and Hornemann, Silke and Rudovich, Natalia and Weber, Daniela and Grune, Tilman and Kramer, Achim and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga},
  title     = {Saliva samples as a tool to study the effect of meal timing on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51207},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-512079},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Meal timing affects metabolic regulation in humans. Most studies use blood samples fortheir investigations. Saliva, although easily available and non-invasive, seems to be rarely used forchrononutritional studies. In this pilot study, we tested if saliva samples could be used to studythe effect of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on metabolic rhythms. In this cross-over trial, 29 nonobese men were randomized to two isocaloric 4-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until13:30 and high-fat meals between 16:30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order of meals. Stimulated salivasamples were collected every 4 h for 24 h at the end of each intervention, and levels of hormones andinflammatory biomarkers were assessed in saliva and blood. Cortisol, melatonin, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 demonstrated distinct diurnal variations, mirroring daytime reports inblood and showing significant correlations with blood levels. The rhythm patterns were similar forboth diets, indicating that timing of carbohydrate and fat intake has a minimal effect on metabolicand inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. Our study revealed that saliva is a promising tool for thenon-invasive assessment of metabolic rhythms in chrononutritional studies, but standardisation of sample collection is needed in out-of-lab studies.},
  language  = {en}
}