@phdthesis{Šedova2022, author = {Šedov{\´a}, Barbora}, title = {Heterogeneous effects of weather and climate change on human migration}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-53673}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536733}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xix, 284}, year = {2022}, abstract = {While estimated numbers of past and future climate migrants are alarming, the growing empirical evidence suggests that the association between adverse climate-related events and migration is not universally positive. This dissertation seeks to advance our understanding of when and how climate migration emerges by analyzing heterogeneous climatic influences on migration in low- and middle-income countries. To this end, it draws on established economic theories of migration, datasets from physical and social sciences, causal inference techniques and approaches from systematic literature review. In three of its five chapters, I estimate causal effects of processes of climate change on inequality and migration in India and Sub-Saharan Africa. By employing interaction terms and by analyzing sub-samples of data, I explore how these relationships differ for various segments of the population. In the remaining two chapters, I present two systematic literature reviews. First, I undertake a comprehensive meta-regression analysis of the econometric climate migration literature to summarize general climate migration patterns and explain the conflicting findings. Second, motivated by the broad range of approaches in the field, I examine the literature from a methodological perspective to provide best practice guidelines for studying climate migration empirically. Overall, the evidence from this dissertation shows that climatic influences on human migration are highly heterogeneous. Whether adverse climate-related impacts materialize in migration depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the individual households, such as wealth, level of education, agricultural dependence or access to adaptation technologies and insurance. For instance, I show that while adverse climatic shocks are generally associated with an increase in migration in rural India, they reduce migration in the agricultural context of Sub-Saharan Africa, where the average wealth levels are much lower so that households largely cannot afford the upfront costs of moving. I find that unlike local climatic shocks which primarily enhance internal migration to cities and hence accelerate urbanization, shocks transmitted via agricultural producer prices increase migration to neighboring countries, likely due to the simultaneous decrease in real income in nearby urban areas. These findings advance our current understanding by showing when and how economic agents respond to climatic events, thus providing explicit contexts and mechanisms of climate change effects on migration in the future. The resulting collection of findings can guide policy interventions to avoid or mitigate any present and future welfare losses from climate change-related migration choices.}, language = {en} } @article{OeztuerkBozzolanHolcombeetal.2022, author = {{\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Bozzolan, Elisa and Holcombe, Elizabeth A. and Shukla, Roopam and Pianosi, Francesca and Wagener, Thorsten}, title = {How climate change and unplanned urban sprawl bring more landslides}, series = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, volume = {608}, journal = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, number = {7922}, publisher = {Nature portfolio}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-02141-9}, pages = {262 -- 265}, year = {2022}, abstract = {More settlements will suffer as heavy rains and unregulated construction destabilize slopes in the tropics, models show.}, language = {en} } @article{CabukUenlue2022, author = {{\c{C}}abuk, Uğur and {\"U}nl{\"u}, Ercan Sel{\c{c}}uk}, title = {A combined de novo assembly approach increases the quality of prokaryotic draft genomes}, series = {Folia microbiologica : international journal for general, environmental and applied microbiology, and immunology}, volume = {67}, journal = {Folia microbiologica : international journal for general, environmental and applied microbiology, and immunology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0015-5632}, doi = {10.1007/s12223-022-00980-7}, pages = {801 -- 810}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Next-generation sequencing methods provide comprehensive data for the analysis of structural and functional analysis of the genome. The draft genomes with low contig number and high N50 value can give insight into the structure of the genome as well as provide information on the annotation of the genome. In this study, we designed a pipeline that can be used to assemble prokaryotic draft genomes with low number of contigs and high N50 value. We aimed to use combination of two de novo assembly tools (SPAdes and IDBA-Hybrid) and evaluate the impact of this approach on the quality metrics of the assemblies. The followed pipeline was tested with the raw sequence data with short reads (< 300) for a total of 10 species from four different genera. To obtain the final draft genomes, we firstly assembled the sequences using SPAdes to find closely related organism using the extracted 16 s rRNA from it. IDBA-Hybrid assembler was used to obtain the second assembly data using the closely related organism genome. SPAdes assembler tool was implemented using the second assembly, produced by IDBA-hybrid as a hint. The results were evaluated using QUAST and BUSCO. The pipeline was successful for the reduction of the contig numbers and increasing the N50 statistical values in the draft genome assemblies while preserving the coverage of the draft genomes.}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2022, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {A note on the estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude based on extreme value theory for the Groningen Gas Field}, series = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, volume = {112}, journal = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, number = {4}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {El Cerito, Calif.}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120210307}, pages = {1825 -- 1831}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Extreme value statistics is a popular and frequently used tool to model the occurrence of large earthquakes. The problem of poor statistics arising from rare events is addressed by taking advantage of the validity of general statistical properties in asymptotic regimes. In this note, I argue that the use of extreme value statistics for the purpose of practically modeling the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes can produce biased and thus misleading results because it is unknown to what degree the tail of the true distribution is sampled by data. Using synthetic data allows to quantify this bias in detail. The implicit assumption that the true M-max is close to the maximum observed magnitude M-max,M-observed restricts the class of the potential models a priori to those with M-max = M-max,M-observed + Delta M with an increment Delta M approximate to 0.5... 1.2. This corresponds to the simple heuristic method suggested by Wheeler (2009) and labeled :M-max equals M-obs plus an increment." The incomplete consideration of the entire model family for the frequency-magnitude distribution neglects, however, the scenario of a large so far unobserved earthquake.}, language = {en} } @article{ZurellKoenigMalchowetal.2022, author = {Zurell, Damaris and K{\"o}nig, Christian and Malchow, Anne-Kathleen and Kapitza, Simon and Bocedi, Greta and Travis, Justin M. J. and Fandos, Guillermo}, title = {Spatially explicit models for decision-making in animal conservation and restoration}, series = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos}, journal = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1600-0587}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.05787}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Models are useful tools for understanding and predicting ecological patterns and processes. Under ongoing climate and biodiversity change, they can greatly facilitate decision-making in conservation and restoration and help designing adequate management strategies for an uncertain future. Here, we review the use of spatially explicit models for decision support and to identify key gaps in current modelling in conservation and restoration. Of 650 reviewed publications, 217 publications had a clear management application and were included in our quantitative analyses. Overall, modelling studies were biased towards static models (79\%), towards the species and population level (80\%) and towards conservation (rather than restoration) applications (71\%). Correlative niche models were the most widely used model type. Dynamic models as well as the gene-to-individual level and the community-to-ecosystem level were underrepresented, and explicit cost optimisation approaches were only used in 10\% of the studies. We present a new model typology for selecting models for animal conservation and restoration, characterising model types according to organisational levels, biological processes of interest and desired management applications. This typology will help to more closely link models to management goals. Additionally, future efforts need to overcome important challenges related to data integration, model integration and decision-making. We conclude with five key recommendations, suggesting that wider usage of spatially explicit models for decision support can be achieved by 1) developing a toolbox with multiple, easier-to-use methods, 2) improving calibration and validation of dynamic modelling approaches and 3) developing best-practise guidelines for applying these models. Further, more robust decision-making can be achieved by 4) combining multiple modelling approaches to assess uncertainty, and 5) placing models at the core of adaptive management. These efforts must be accompanied by long-term funding for modelling and monitoring, and improved communication between research and practise to ensure optimal conservation and restoration outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuhrDolmanHoetal.2022, author = {Zuhr, Alexandra M. and Dolman, Andrew M. and Ho, Sze Ling and Groeneveld, Jeroen and Loewemark, Ludvig and Grotheer, Hendrik and Su, Chih-Chieh and Laepple, Thomas}, title = {Age-heterogeneity in marine sediments revealed by three-dimensional high-resolution radiocarbon measurements}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2022.871902}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Marine sedimentary archives are routinely used to reconstruct past environmental changes. In many cases, bioturbation and sedimentary mixing affect the proxy time-series and the age-depth relationship. While idealized models of bioturbation exist, they usually assume homogeneous mixing, thus that a single sample is representative for the sediment layer it is sampled from. However, it is largely unknown to which extent this assumption holds for sediments used for paleoclimate reconstructions. To shed light on 1) the age-depth relationship and its full uncertainty, 2) the magnitude of mixing processes affecting the downcore proxy variations, and 3) the representativity of the discrete sample for the sediment layer, we designed and performed a case study on South China Sea sediment material which was collected using a box corer and which covers the last glacial cycle. Using the radiocarbon content of foraminiferal tests as a tracer of time, we characterize the spatial age-heterogeneity of sediments in a three-dimensional setup. In total, 118 radiocarbon measurements were performed on defined small- and large-volume bulk samples ( similar to 200 specimens each) to investigate the horizontal heterogeneity of the sediment. Additionally, replicated measurements on small numbers of specimens (10 x 5 specimens) were performed to assess the heterogeneity within a sample volume. Visual assessment of X-ray images and a quantitative assessment of the mixing strength show typical mixing from bioturbation corresponding to around 10 cm mixing depth. Notably, our 3D radiocarbon distribution reveals that the horizontal heterogeneity (up to 1,250 years), contributing to the age uncertainty, is several times larger than the typically assumed radiocarbon based age-model error (single errors up to 250 years). Furthermore, the assumption of a perfectly bioturbated layer with no mixing underneath is not met. Our analysis further demonstrates that the age-heterogeneity might be a function of sample size; smaller samples might contain single features from the incomplete mixing and are thus less representative than larger samples. We provide suggestions for future studies, optimal sampling strategies for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions and realistic uncertainty in age models, as well as discuss possible implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoccaratoSherMikietal.2022, author = {Zoccarato, Luca and Sher, Daniel and Miki, Takeshi and Segre, Daniel and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {A comparative whole-genome approach identifies bacterial traits for marine microbial interactions}, series = {Communications biology}, volume = {5}, journal = {Communications biology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2399-3642}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-03184-4}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Luca Zoccarato, Daniel Sher et al. leverage publicly available bacterial genomes from marine and other environments to examine traits underlying microbial interactions. Their results provide a valuable resource to investigate clusters of functional and linked traits to better understand marine bacteria community assembly and dynamics. Microbial interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities with profound consequences for biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem health. Yet, most interaction mechanisms are studied only in model systems and their prevalence is unknown. To systematically explore the functional and interaction potential of sequenced marine bacteria, we developed a trait-based approach, and applied it to 473 complete genomes (248 genera), representing a substantial fraction of marine microbial communities. We identified genome functional clusters (GFCs) which group bacterial taxa with common ecology and life history. Most GFCs revealed unique combinations of interaction traits, including the production of siderophores (10\% of genomes), phytohormones (3-8\%) and different B vitamins (57-70\%). Specific GFCs, comprising Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, displayed more interaction traits than expected by chance, and are thus predicted to preferentially interact synergistically and/or antagonistically with bacteria and phytoplankton. Linked trait clusters (LTCs) identify traits that may have evolved to act together (e.g., secretion systems, nitrogen metabolism regulation and B vitamin transporters), providing testable hypotheses for complex mechanisms of microbial interactions. Our approach translates multidimensional genomic information into an atlas of marine bacteria and their putative functions, relevant for understanding the fundamental rules that govern community assembly and dynamics.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zinke2022, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Zinke, Jann Felix}, title = {Herstellung von Gießharzpr{\"a}paraten f{\"u}r den Einsatz im Biologieunterricht}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61502}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-615028}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {101}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das Ziel des hier beschriebenen Masterprojekts war es, eine Methode zu etablieren, mit der Insekten in Gießharz eingeschlossen werden k{\"o}nnen, damit sie dauerhaft konserviert f{\"u}r mikroskopische Untersuchungen im Biologieunterricht zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Die Masterarbeit enth{\"a}lt eine ausf{\"u}hrliche Anleitung zur Herstellung von Gießharzpr{\"a}paraten mit darin eingebetteten Insekten. Sie soll als Handreichung vor allem f{\"u}r Biologie-Lehrkr{\"a}fte dienen, um selbstst{\"a}ndig hochwertige Lehrpr{\"a}parate f{\"u}r ihren Unterricht herstellen zu k{\"o}nnen. Aufgrund der Komplexit{\"a}t des Themas werden Naturschutzbestimmungen und die Beschaffung der Insekten genauso beleuchtet wie deren anschließende Pr{\"a}paration, die Konstruktion einer eigenen Gießform, die Einbettung der Insekten in Gießharz und die Nachbehandlung des Gießlings. Wichtige Einflussfaktoren, die die Qualit{\"a}t der Pr{\"a}parate entscheidend beeinflussen und m{\"o}gliche Fehlerquellen, werden ausf{\"u}hrlich erl{\"a}utert. Mittels dieser detaillierten Eingießanleitung k{\"o}nnen mit relativ einfachen und kosteng{\"u}nstigen Mitteln faszinierende Studienobjekte f{\"u}r einen anschaulichen Biologieunterricht entstehen.}, language = {de} } @misc{ZimmermannKampeEngeletal.2022, author = {Zimmermann, Matthias and Kampe, Heike and Engel, Silke and Scholz, Jana and Horn-Conrad, Antje and Meyer-Oldenburg Torres, Valentina and Mikulla, Stefanie}, title = {Portal Wissen = Zusammen}, number = {01/2022}, issn = {2194-4237}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54424}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544240}, pages = {98}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Dar{\"u}ber, was den Menschen zum Menschen macht - und von anderen Lebewesen auf der Erde unterscheidet - wird schon lange und bis heute eifrig diskutiert. Als „Homo sapiens" ist die wissenschaftliche Selbstbeschreibung unserer Art schon die Charakterisierung als „verstehender, weiser, wissender Mensch". Dieses Mehr an Wissen verdanken wir, so ließe sich argumentieren, dem Wesenszug, dass wir unseresgleichen (grunds{\"a}tzlich) besonders verbunden sind. Wir sind, was wir sind, vor allem, vielleicht sogar ausschließlich: zusammen. Die Entwicklung, durch die aus Gemeinschaften irgendwann Gesellschaften wurden, in deren Zuge Kultur und Wissen entstanden, ließe sich durchaus als eine Geschichte des mehr oder weniger Zusammens erz{\"a}hlen. Erfolgreich waren Menschen immer dann, wenn sie miteinander statt gegeneinander lebten, sp{\"a}ter Bestauntes entstand, wenn sie zusammenarbeiteten, Wissen, das als Fortschritt Geschichte machte, wurde von K{\"o}pfen entwickelt, die ins Gespr{\"a}ch kamen. Umso verwunderlicher, dass dieses „Erfolgsrezept" in Zeiten, wo es mehr denn je gebraucht wird, in den Hintergrund gedr{\"a}ngt wird. Wir leben infolge der Corona- Pandemie in einer Zeit, in der die Welt vor eine - w{\"o}rtlich genommen - allumfassende Aufgabe gestellt ist, die sie, wie bereits vielfach ge{\"a}ußert, nur zusammen bew{\"a}ltigen kann. Und doch sorgen sich viele Menschen auf vielf{\"a}ltige Weise vor allem um ihr eigenes Wohl - nicht selten ohne zu reflektieren, dass auf diesem Wege das Wohl vieler anderer leidet und m{\"o}glicherweise letztlich sogar ihr eigenes. Wenn es mehr Zusammen braucht, wo viel {\"u}ber Spaltung gesprochen wird, zeigt sich, dass der Erfolg des Miteinander kein Selbstl{\"a}ufer ist: Wenn wir zusammen etwas erreichen wollen, m{\"u}ssen wir {\"u}ber die Ziele und den Weg dorthin immer im Gespr{\"a}ch bleiben. Was Menschen miteinander erreichen k{\"o}nnen und wie Wissenschaft das „Geheimnis des Zusammens" an vielen Stellen zu ergr{\"u}nden versucht, haben wir f{\"u}r dieses Heft zusammengetragen. Wir haben ein Team von Umweltwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftlern besucht, die gemeinsam mit engagierten B{\"u}rgerinnen und B{\"u}rgern Waldg{\"a}rten entwickeln - als gr{\"u}ne Oasen mitten in der Stadt. Wir haben Psychologinnen {\"u}ber die Schulter geschaut, die untersuchen, wie sich sexuelle Aggression unter jungen Menschen verringern l{\"a}sst, und zwar gemeinsam. Eine Altphilologin hat uns erkl{\"a}rt, warum Mensch und Tier in antiken Fabeln eine ganz besondere Beziehung eingehen, und wir haben einen ersten Blick auf den Prototypen einer nationalen Bildungsplattform geworfen, die digitales Lernen aller Art k{\"u}nftig b{\"u}ndeln soll. Außerdem stellen wir zwei Modellprojekte vor, die auf unterschiedlichen Wegen Lehrenden sowie Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern dabei helfen wollen, antidemokratischen Tendenzen und Hatespeech vorzubeugen. Nicht zuletzt pr{\"a}sentiert das Heft eine kleine Auswahl aus der Vielfalt der Kooperationen {\"u}ber Fach- und L{\"a}ndergrenzen: Wir zeigen, wie Forschende aus der Rechtsund der Politikwissenschaft zusammen das Auf und Ab des V{\"o}lkerrechts in den Blick nehmen, warum Religionswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler aus Potsdam und dem Irak voneinander profitieren und wie die Uni Potsdam und die Europauniversit{\"a}t Viadrina in Frankfurt/Oder gemeinsam j{\"u}dische Friedh{\"o}fe in Brandenburg und Westpolen wiederentdecken. Nat{\"u}rlich bringt das Heft dar{\"u}ber hinaus die ganze Breite der Forschung an der Uni Potsdam zusammen, versprochen! Wir haben uns schlau gemacht, wie aus Starkregen „flash floods" werden und wie man sich darauf vorbereiten kann. Wir haben mit der Vizepr{\"a}sidentin f{\"u}r Forschung Prof. Barbara H{\"o}hle {\"u}ber Anf{\"a}nge und Zuk{\"u}nfte gesprochen, einen Migrationsforscher befragt und einen Geoforscher besucht, den es auf Berg und Tal gleichermaßen zieht. Es geht um - oft ungeschriebene - „body rules" im Alltag, die h{\"o}fische Minne und was sie uns heute noch zu sagen hat, die Erforschung unseres Blicks mithilfe K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz, 33 Antworten voller Komplexit{\"a}t und die Mathematik im Unendlichen. Genug der Worte. Lesen Sie selbst - allein oder zusammen. Wie Sie wollen!}, language = {de} } @misc{ZimmermannHornConradMikullaetal.2022, author = {Zimmermann, Matthias and Horn-Conrad, Antje and Mikulla, Stefanie and Kampe, Heike and Scholz, Jana}, title = {Portal Wissen = Together}, number = {01/2022}, address = {Potsdam}, organization = {University of Potsdam, Press and Public Relations Department}, issn = {2198-9974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56294}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-562942}, pages = {58}, year = {2022}, abstract = {What makes humans human - and what distinguishes them from other creatures on Earth - has long been fervently discussed and is still being discussed today. "Homo sapiens", the scientific self-description of our species, is already the characterization as an "understanding, wise, knowledgeable human being". It could be argued that we owe this additional knowledge to our trait of (basically) feeling particularly attached to our equals. We are what we are, above all, and perhaps even exclusively: together. The development that eventually turned communities into societies in the course of which culture and knowledge emerged, could well be told as a story of more and less togetherness. People were always successful when they lived with instead of against each other. Things that were much admired later came into being when people worked together, knowledge that made history as progress was developed by minds that came into a conversation. It is therefore all the more surprising that this "recipe for success" is being pushed into the background at a time when it is needed more than ever. As a result of the Corona pandemic, we are living in a time in which the world is faced with a - literally - all-encompassing task which it can only overcome together, as has already been said many times. And yet, many people are primarily concerned about their own well-being in various ways - not infrequently without reflecting that the well-being of many others, and possibly ultimately even their own, suffers as a consequence. When there is a need for more togetherness while there is a lot of talk about division, it becomes clear that the success of togetherness is not a foregone conclusion: If we want to achieve something together, we must always keep talking about the goals and the way to get there. For this issue, we have collected what people can achieve together and how research is trying to fathom the "secret of togetherness" in many ways. We visited a team of environmental scientists who are developing forest gardens together with committed residents - as green oases in the middle of cities. We took a first look at the prototype of a national education platform that will bundle all kinds of digital learning in the future. We also present a model project that aims to help teachers and students prevent hate speech. Last but not least, the issue presents a small selection of various collaborations across disciplinary and national borders: We show how researchers from law and political science are working together to examine the ups and downs of international law, and why religious studies scholars from Potsdam and Iraq benefit from each other. Of course, the issue also brings together the entire spectrum of research at the University of Potsdam, we promise! We found out how heavy rain turn into flash floods and how to prepare for such events. We interviewed a migration researcher and visited a geoscientist who is drawn to mountains and valleys alike. It's about - often unwritten - "body rules" in everyday life, the exploration of our gaze with the help of artificial intelligence, 33 answers full of complexity, and about mathematics at infinity. Enough words. Read for yourself - alone or together. Just as you like!}, language = {en} } @misc{ZimmermannAgrofylaxScholzetal.2022, author = {Zimmermann, Matthias and Agrofylax, Luisa and Scholz, Jana and Kampe, Heike and Horn-Conrad, Antje and Mikulla, Stefanie}, title = {Portal Wissen = Humans}, series = {Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam}, journal = {Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam}, number = {02/2022}, issn = {2198-9974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56584}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565843}, pages = {58}, year = {2022}, abstract = {When humans write and talk about humans, you notice right away: It's their favorite topic. It is not only that everyone (usually) is closest to themselves. As a species, Homo sapiens also attaches distinct importance to themselves. Aristotle was concerned about the order of things and ranked the human being - as the seemingly most complicated one - at the "very top." The book of Genesis in the Bible seems to take this up, calling the human being in a way the final point or "pride of creation" who should "rule" over Earth and all living beings. An impressive story, but it did not stand the test of time. The theory of evolution changed the pyramid into a far-branched tree and the human being to a little branch among many others. What has remained is that humans are not so easy to understand, especially to themselves. Or, as Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach said, "The simplest human is still a very complicated being." This and the ongoing interest of humans in themselves ensure that many sciences also deal with him, her, or us, again and again and from every conceivable angle. Medicine and linguistics, educational research and psychology, history and sociology - many disciplines revolve around human(kind) and their actions. Therefore, it is hardly difficult to take a small exemplary human research journey through the University of Potsdam with this issue of "Portal Wissen." We begin with a visit to the BabyLAB, where you can rewardingly watch even the youngest children learn languages. An economist points out that differences between men and women on their paychecks are anything but acceptable, and a start-up team showed us an app that can help you do something against dementia before it's too late. Besides, it should have been clear long ago: If we want to understand ourselves, we must always look at what is surrounding us. This means the social interactions that challenge and shape us on both a small and large scale. That's why we talked to historians who are investigating corruption in the ancient world. But it also includes the environment, both living and non-living, on which we leave our mark and which, in turn, constantly influences us. A specialist in ancient DNA, for example, is investigating whether even Neanderthals left an ecological footprint, while an ecologist is searching for the consequences of climate change for biodiversity in Africa. And a media scientist has spent years analyzing how various images can help communicate scientific findings on climate change in such a way that they are understood. We have not forgotten that the coronavirus continues to influence both our lives and research: A psychologist is working with partners throughout Germany to study how children and young people with chronic diseases get through the pandemic. In addition, we naturally do not leave aside the diversity of research - created by humans - at the University of Potsdam: We introduce one of Germany's best gravitational wave researcher and talk about the role of mathematics in earthquake research. Last but not least, we had the work of the new research center for digital data law explained to us.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZimmermannAgrofylaxHornConradetal.2022, author = {Zimmermann, Matthias and Agrofylax, Luisa and Horn-Conrad, Antje and Scholz, Jana and Kampe, Heike and Mikulla, Stefanie and Engel, Silke}, title = {Portal Wissen = Mensch}, series = {Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, journal = {Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, number = {02/2022}, issn = {2194-4245}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56594}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565943}, pages = {98}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wenn Mensch {\"u}ber Mensch schreibt oder erz{\"a}hlt, dann merkt man gleich: Es ist sein Lieblingsthema. Nicht nur jede oder jeder Einzelne ist sich (meist) selbst der oder die N{\"a}chste. Auch als Art nimmt sich Homo sapiens unverkennbar wichtig. Aristoteles war um eine Ordnung der Dinge bem{\"u}ht und sortierte den Menschen - als das am kompliziertesten erscheinende Wesen - ganz „nach oben". Die Sch{\"o}pfungsgeschichte in der Bibel scheint das aufzugreifen, benennt den Menschen gewissermaßen als Schlusspunkt oder „Krone der Sch{\"o}pfung", der {\"u}ber Erde und alles Lebendige „herrschen" soll. Machte was her, hatte aber keinen Bestand. Die Evolutionstheorie hat aus der Pyramide einen weitverzweigten Baum und den Menschen zu einem Zweiglein unter vielen gemacht. Geblieben ist, dass Mensch nicht so einfach zu verstehen ist, vor allem nicht f{\"u}r sich selbst. Oder, wie Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach sagte: „Der einfachste Mensch ist immer noch ein sehr kompliziertes Wesen." Dies und das anhaltende Interesse des Menschen an sich selbst sorgen daf{\"u}r, dass auch viele Wissenschaften sich immer wieder und aus allen erdenklichen Blickwinkeln mit ihm, ihr bzw. uns besch{\"a}ftigen: Medizin und Linguistik, Bildungsforschung und Psychologie, Geschichte und Soziologie - viele Disziplinen kreisen unentwegt um Mensch(heit) und deren Wirken. Deshalb f{\"a}llt es kaum schwer, mit dieser Ausgabe der „Portal Wissen" eine kleine exemplarische Mensch-Forschungsreise durch die Universit{\"a}t Potsdam zu unternehmen. Wir beginnen mit einem Besuch im BabyLAB, wo schon den Kleinsten gewinnbringend beim Sprachenlernen zugeschaut wird, und lassen uns von Bildungsforschenden erkl{\"a}ren, wie ihre Erkenntnisse in die Schule kommen. Eine Wirtschaftsexpertin zeigt auf, dass Unterschiede zwischen M{\"a}nnern und Frauen auf dem Gehaltszettel alles andere als akzeptabel sind, und ein Gr{\"u}ndungstrio hat uns eine App vorgef{\"u}hrt, mit der man etwas gegen Demenz tun kann, bevor es zu sp{\"a}t ist. Außerdem sollte eigentlich l{\"a}ngst klar sein: Wenn wir uns verstehen wollen, m{\"u}ssen wir immer auch den Blick richten auf das, was uns umgibt. Das meint jenes soziale Miteinander, das uns im Kleinen wie im Großen fordert und pr{\"a}gt. Wir haben deshalb mit Historikern gesprochen, die Korruption in der Antike untersuchen, und Forschende aus der Soziologie gefragt, wohin unsere Gesellschaft steuert. Es meint aber auch die Umwelt, belebt wie unbelebt, der wir den Stempel aufdr{\"u}cken, und die umgekehrt auch uns unentwegt beeinflusst. Ein Spezialist f{\"u}r alte DNA erforscht beispielsweise, ob schon der Neandertaler einen {\"o}kologischen Fußabdruck hinterließ, w{\"a}hrend eine {\"O}kologin den Folgen des Klimawandels auf die Biodiversit{\"a}t in Afrika auf der Spur ist. Und eine Medienwissenschaftlerin hat {\"u}ber Jahre hinweg analysiert, wie Bilder aller Art dabei helfen k{\"o}nnen, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Klimawandel so zu kommunizieren, dass sie auch verstanden werden. Nicht vergessen haben wir, dass das Coronavirus nach wie vor unser Leben und auch die Forschung beeinflusst - und stellen deshalb drei Projekte vor, die verschiedene Facetten der Pandemie genauer unter die Lupe nehmen: Ein Team aus den Verwaltungswissenschaften hat analysiert, wie sich Deutschland im Vergleich zu anderen L{\"a}ndern im Krisenmanagement schl{\"a}gt, das Harding- Zentrum entwickelt Infomaterial, um Menschen aufgekl{\"a}rt Entscheidungen in Sachen Impfen zu erm{\"o}glichen und eine Psychologin will mit Partnern in ganz Deutschland untersuchen, wie Kinder und Jugendliche mit chronischen Erkrankungen durch die Pandemie kommen. Daneben lassen wir selbstverst{\"a}ndlich nicht die - menschengemachte - Vielfalt der Forschung an der Uni Potsdam links liegen: Wir stellen einen der besten deutschen Gravitationswellenforscher vor, sprechen {\"u}ber links und rechts in der Pflanzenwelt und die Rolle der Mathematik in der Erdbebenforschung. Nicht zuletzt haben wir uns die Arbeit der neuen Forschungsstelle f{\"u}r digitales Datenrecht erkl{\"a}ren lassen und der Direktorin des Moses-Mendelssohn-Zentrums 33 Fragen gestellt. Sie hat sie alle beantwortet - als Wissenschaftlerin und als Mensch.}, language = {de} } @article{ZimmermannSchabedoth2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Schabedoth, John Alexander}, title = {Domestic and international criminal justice}, series = {KFG working paper series}, journal = {KFG working paper series}, number = {57}, publisher = {Berlin Potsdam Research Group International Law - Rise or Decline?}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2509-3762}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4087189}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper consists of two parts: In the first part, some of the challenges with which the Internationaal Criminal Court is currently confronted are being presented. First of all, the article will describe the current state of the International Criminal Court and the Rome Statue. Afterwards, the article analyses the Court's efforts to deal with cases against third-country nationals and the challenges it is facing in that regard. In addition, the Court's case law will be analyzed in order to determine an increasing 'emancipation' of the case law of the International Criminal Court from international humanitarian law. The second part of the paper will briefly discuss the role of domestic international criminal law and domestic courts in the further development and enforcement of international criminal law. As an example of the role that domestic courts may have in clarifying classic issues in international law, the judgment of the German Supreme Court of January 28, 2021 (3 StR 564/19), which deals with the status of costumary international law on functional immunity of State officials before domestic courts, shall be assessed.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Paras. 2(c)-(f) and 3: War crimes committed in an armed conflict not of an international character}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {4}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {837 -- 1048}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Para. 2(b)(xvi): Pillage}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth edition}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {539 -- 554}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Para. 2(b)(x): Prohibition of physical mutilation}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {4}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {419 -- 436}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Para. 2(b)(xiii): Prohibited destruction}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {4}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {474 -- 503}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannFreiburgBraun2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Freiburg-Braun, Elisa}, title = {Article 15ter Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (Security Council referral)}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-77926-8}, doi = {10.17104/9783406779268-927}, pages = {927 -- 932}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannFreiburgBraun2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Freiburg-Braun, Elisa}, title = {Article 8bis Crime of aggression}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-77926-8}, doi = {10.17104/9783406779268-686}, pages = {686 -- 726}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Internationaler Strafgerichtshof am Scheideweg}, series = {JuristenZeitung}, volume = {77}, journal = {JuristenZeitung}, number = {6}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, issn = {0022-6882}, doi = {10.1628/jz-2022-0083}, pages = {261 -- 266}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das V{\"o}lkerstrafrecht steht fast zwanzig Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten des R{\"o}mischen Statuts - der v{\"o}lkervertraglichen Grundlage des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs - angesichts einer inzwischen deutlich ver{\"a}nderten Weltlage an einem Scheideweg. Daher erscheint es geboten, wenn nicht gar zwingend, die Herausforderungen, mit denen sich der Internationale Strafgerichtshof heute konfrontiert sieht, zu analysieren.}, language = {de} }