@book{Şener2016, author = {Şener, Ula{\c{s}}}, title = {Die Neutralit{\"a}tstheorie des Geldes}, edition = {2., durchgesehene Aufl.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-344-2}, issn = {2197-8069}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-83164}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {v, 87}, year = {2016}, abstract = {{\"O}konomen wie Wirtschaftspolitiker berufen sich auf die Neutralit{\"a}tstheorie des Geldes, wenn sie eine Entpolitisierung der Geldpolitik fordern. Sowohl die Theorie der Geldneutralit{\"a}t als auch das Paradigma der Entpolitisierung der Geldpolitik sind jedoch problematisch. Die polit{\"o}konomischen Entwicklungen nach der globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise 2007/2008 und die j{\"u}ngsten Kontroversen {\"u}ber die Rolle und Bedeutung von Geld haben dies deutlich vor Augen gef{\"u}hrt. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert zun{\"a}chst die konzeptionellen Grundlagen und theoretischen Modelle der Geldneutralit{\"a}t. Anschließend werden die zentralen theoretischen Annahmen und Aussagen der Neutralit{\"a}tstheorie aus einer kritischen heterodoxen Perspektive hinterfragt. Es wird argumentiert, dass Geld eine nicht-neutrale Produktionskraft ist, die weder {\"o}konomisch noch sozial neutral ist. Die Bedingungen, unter denen Geld verf{\"u}gbar ist und zirkuliert, sind richtungsweisend f{\"u}r die {\"o}konomische Entwicklung. Daher kann es auch kein neutrales Geld oder gar eine apolitische Geldpolitik geben.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Şener2016, author = {Şener, Ula{\c{s}}}, title = {Die relative Autonomie der Zentralbank}, series = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, volume = {5}, journal = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-362-6}, issn = {2196-8691}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88856}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvii, 375}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Politik der Zentralbankunabh{\"a}ngigkeit (ZBU) am Beispiel der T{\"u}rkei. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stehen theoretische und empirische Fragen und Probleme, die sich im Zusammenhang mit der ZBU stellen und anhand der t{\"u}rkischen Geldpolitik diskutiert werden. Ein zentrales Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, zu untersuchen, ob und inwiefern die t{\"u}rkische Zentralbank nach Erlangung der de jure institutionellen Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit tats{\"a}chlich als unabh{\"a}ngig und entpolitisiert eingestuft werden kann. Um diese Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, werden die institutionellen Bedingungen, die Ziele und die Regeln, nach denen sich die t{\"u}rkische Geldpolitik richtet, gekl{\"a}rt. Anschließend wird empirisch {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, ob die geldpolitische Praxis der CBRT sich an dem offiziell vorgegebenen Regelwerk orientiert. Die Hauptthese dieser Arbeit lautet, dass die formelle Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit der CBRT und die regelorientierte Geldpolitik nicht mit einer Entpolitisierung der Geldpolitik in der T{\"u}rkei gleichzusetzen ist. Als Alternative schl{\"a}gt die vorliegende Studie vor, den institutionellen Status der CBRT als einen der relativen Autonomie zu untersuchen. Auch eine de jure unabh{\"a}ngige Zentralbank kann sich nicht von politischen Eingriffen abkoppeln, wie das Fallbeispiel T{\"u}rkei zeigen wird.}, language = {de} } @article{ZaklanAbrellNeumann2016, author = {Zaklan, Aleksandar and Abrell, Jan and Neumann, Anne}, title = {Stationarity changes in long-run energy commodity prices}, series = {Energy economics}, volume = {59}, journal = {Energy economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0140-9883}, doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2016.07.022}, pages = {96 -- 103}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Situated at the intersection of the literatures on speculative storage and non-renewable commodity scarcity, this paper considers whether changes in persistence have occurred in long-run U.S. prices of the energy commodities crude oil, natural gas and bituminous coal. We allow for a structural break when testing for a break in persistence to avoid a change in the stochastic properties of prices being confounded by an unaccounted-for deterministic shift in the price series. We find that coal prices are trend stationary throughout their evolution and that oil prices change from stationarity to non-stationarity in the decade between the late 1960s to late 1970s. The result on gas prices is ambiguous. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for a possible structural shift when testing for breaks in persistence, while being robust to the exact date of the structural break. Based on our analysis we caution against viewing long-run energy commodity prices as being non-stationary and conclude in favor of modeling commodity market fundamentals as stationary, meaning that speculative storage will tend to have a dampening effect on prices. We also cannot reject that long-run prices of coal and, with some hesitation, gas follow a Hotelling-type rule. In contrast, we reject the Hotelling rule for oil prices since the late 1960s/early 1970s. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Winckler2016, author = {Winckler, Konrad}, title = {Unternehmer in den politischen Theorien der B{\"u}rgerschaft}, series = {Region Nation Europa ; 79}, journal = {Region Nation Europa ; 79}, publisher = {LIT}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-643-13404-2}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {372}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Ist Unternehmensethik nach angloamerikanischem Vorbild die Antwort auf die Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts Viele Unternehmen versuchen Corporate Social Responsibility zu etablieren, um den Anspr{\"u}chen der Zivilgesellschaft gerecht zu werden. Aber sind Ethik und Verantwortung messbar und skalierbar - und damit wirtschaftlich sinnvoll Hat die Soziale Marktwirtschaft im Zuge der Denationalisierung und Globalisierung ausgedient Ein Vergleich von sozial- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Theorien verschafft Klarheit.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Widdau2016, author = {Widdau, Christoph Sebastian}, title = {Cassirers Leibniz und die Begr{\"u}ndung der Menschenrechte}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-12677-3}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {142}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Christoph Sebastian Widdau leistet mit seinem Buch einen innovativen Beitrag zur Cassirer-Forschung, zu den Leibniz-Studien und zur Begr{\"u}ndung der Menschenrechte. Er wirft ein ideengeschichtlich und philosophisch neues Licht auf die 'Natur' im Naturrecht, die kulturelle Bedeutung des Individuums und den Pluralismus politischer Ordnungen. Mit 'Cassirers Leibniz' zeigt Widdau auf, dass Menschenrechte kein beliebiger Zusatz zur Kultur, sondern vielmehr kulturkonstitutiv sind.}, language = {de} } @article{Wenzel2016, author = {Wenzel, Bertolt}, title = {Organizing coordination in a public marine research and management advice organization: The case of the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research}, series = {Marine policy}, volume = {64}, journal = {Marine policy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0308-597X}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2015.11.017}, pages = {159 -- 167}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Public organizations involved in marine management are increasingly confronted with coordination challenges in marine governance. This study examines why and how the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (IMR) reorganized its formal coordination structures between the areas of fisheries management and marine environmental management The findings indicate that organizing efficient and, at the same time, legitimate coordination structures between different areas of marine governance is a "wicked" organizational problem with no ultimate and single optimal solution. In contrast to the assumptions of classical organization and management theory, the study finds that the reorganization of formal coordination structures is not necessarily driven for reasons of efficiency and perceived coordination problems. Instead, public marine management organizations also change their organizational structures to live up to external expectations to adopt modern management concepts, such as the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM). However, the study indicates that the adoption of the EAM has stimulated coordination and integration efforts in the research and advisory activities of the IMR. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{WenzKalkuhlSteckeletal.2016, author = {Wenz, Leonie and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Steckel, Jan Christoph and Creutzig, Felix}, title = {Teleconnected food supply shocks}, series = {Environmental research letters}, volume = {11}, journal = {Environmental research letters}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/035007}, pages = {10}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The 2008-2010 food crisis might have been a harbinger of fundamental climate-induced food crises with geopolitical implications. Heat-wave-induced yield losses in Russia and resulting export restrictions led to increases in market prices for wheat across the Middle East, likely contributing to the Arab Spring. With ongoing climate change, temperatures and temperature variability will rise, leading to higher uncertainty in yields for major nutritional crops. Here we investigate which countries are most vulnerable to teleconnected supply-shocks, i.e. where diets strongly rely on the import of wheat, maize, or rice, and where a large share of the population is living in poverty. We find that the Middle East is most sensitive to teleconnected supply shocks in wheat, Central America to supply shocks in maize, and Western Africa to supply shocks in rice. Weighing with poverty levels, Sub-Saharan Africa is most affected. Altogether, a simultaneous 10\% reduction in exports of wheat, rice, and maize would reduce caloric intake of 55 million people living in poverty by about 5\%. Export bans in major producing regions would put up to 200 million people below the poverty line at risk, 90\% of which live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest that a region-specific combination of national increases in agricultural productivity and diversification of trade partners and diets can effectively decrease future food security risks.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wazynski2016, author = {Wazynski, Tim}, title = {Finanzierungsentscheidungen multinationaler Unternehmen}, series = {Schriftenreihe Finanzierung und Banken ; 28}, journal = {Schriftenreihe Finanzierung und Banken ; 28}, publisher = {Verlag Wissenschaft \& Praxis}, address = {Sternenfels}, isbn = {978-3-89673-717-5}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {380}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Zwecks Erkl{\"a}rung von komplexen Finanzierungsentscheidungen multinationaler Unternehmen mit besonderem Bezug zum Euroraum werden bisherige Ans{\"a}tze im Bereich „Finance" erweitert und empirisch belegt. Die Analyse beschr{\"a}nkt sich hier nicht ausschließlich auf die Kapitalstruktur (Eigen- und Fremdkapital), sondern ebenfalls auf die strukturellen Verh{\"a}ltnisse von Innen- und Außenfinanzierung. Damit wird einerseits der Forschungsstrang „Corporate Finance" fortgef{\"u}hrt andererseits mit einem Cashflow basierten Ansatz erweitert. In Anlehnung an das theoretische Modell zur optimalen Finanzierungsstruktur (Innen- und Außenfinanzierung) werden auf eigener Datenbasis periodenspezifische Entwicklungen der Unternehmensfinanzierung im internationalen Kontext analysiert. Die besonderen Auswirkungen der globalen Finanzkrise auf b{\"o}rsennotierte Unternehmen aus Deutschland, Frankreich und Italien werden hier mit einem neuen Ansatz empirisch untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Folgen der globalen Finanzkrise f{\"u}r die Kapitalbeschaffung multinationaler Unternehmen, zun{\"a}chst allein auf Basis der Kapitalstruktur scheinbar geringere Ver{\"a}nderungen verursachten, unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Finanzierungsstruktur jedoch weitreichende Dynamiken zum Vorschein kamen. Demnach unterliegen die Finanzierungsvolumina und die entsprechenden Finanzierungsquoten im Krisenverlauf enormen Schwankungen, die vielschichtige Herausforderungen f{\"u}r das internationale Finanzmanagement verdeutlichen.}, language = {de} } @article{VogelKroll2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik and Kroll, Alexander}, title = {The stability and change of psm-related values across time}, series = {International public management journal}, volume = {19}, journal = {International public management journal}, publisher = {J. C. B. Mohr}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1096-7494}, doi = {10.1080/10967494.2015.1047544}, pages = {53 -- 77}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article is a response to calls in prior research that we need more longitudinal analyses to better understand the foundations of PSM and related prosocial values. There is wide agreement that it is crucial for theory building but also for tailoring hiring practices and human resource development programs to sort out whether PSM-related values are stable or developable. The article summarizes existent theoretical expectations, which turn out to be partially conflicting, and tests them against multiple waves of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study which covers a time period of 16 years. It finds that PSM-related values of public employees are stable rather than dynamic but tend to increase with age and decrease with organizational membership. The article also examines cohort effects, which have been neglected in prior work, and finds moderate evidence that there are differences between those born during the Second World War and later generations.}, language = {en} } @misc{VogelKroll2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik and Kroll, Alexander}, title = {The Stability and Change of PSM-related Values across Time}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397783}, pages = {29}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article is a response to calls in prior research that we need more longitudi-nal analyses to better understand the foundations of PSM and related prosocial values. There is wide agreement that it is crucial for theory-building but also for tailoring hiring practices and human resource development programs to sort out whether PSM-related values are stable or developable. The article summarizes existent theoretical expecta-tions, which turn out to be partially conflicting, and tests them against multiple waves of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study which covers a time period of sixteen years. It finds that PSM-related values of public employees are stable rather than dynamic but tend to increase with age and decrease with organizational member-ship. The article also examines cohort effects, which have been neglected in prior work, and finds moderate evidence that there are differences between those born during the Second World War and later generations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vogel2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik}, title = {F{\"u}hrung im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-363-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89214}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 256}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit F{\"u}hrungsverhalten im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor sowie mit Einflussfaktoren auf dieses F{\"u}hrungsverhalten. Hierzu wurde eine Taxonomie, bestehend aus sechs Metakategorien von F{\"u}hrungsverhalten, entwickelt. Die Metakategorien umfassen Aufgaben-, Beziehungs-, Ver{\"a}nderungs-, Außen-, Ethik- und Sachbearbeitungsorientierung. Eine Analyse von Umfragedaten, die f{\"u}r diese Arbeit bei Mitarbeitern und unteren F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften dreier Beh{\"o}rden erhoben wurden, zeigt, dass diese Taxonomie sehr gut geeignet ist, die F{\"u}hrungsrealit{\"a}t in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung abzubilden. Eine deskriptive Auswertung der Daten zeigt außerdem, dass es eine relativ große Differenz zwischen der Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzung der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte und der Fremdeinsch{\"a}tzung durch ihre Mitarbeiter gibt. Diese Differenz ist bei der Beziehungs- und Ver{\"a}nderungsorientierung besonders hoch. Der deskriptiven Auswertung schließt sich eine Analyse von Einflussfaktoren auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten an. Die Einflussfaktoren k{\"o}nnen den vier Kategorien "Charakteristika und Eigenschaften der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte", "Erwartungen und Interesse von Vorgesetzten", "Charakteristika und Einstellungen von Gef{\"u}hrten" und "Managementinstrumente und -rahmenbedingungen" zugeordnet werden. Eine Analyse mit Hilfe von hierarchischen linearen Modellen zeigt, dass vor allem die F{\"u}hrungsmotivation und die Managementorientierung der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte, die Gemeinwohlorientierung und die Art der Aufgabe der Gef{\"u}hrten sowie die strategische F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fteauswahl und die Leistungsmessung durch die F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte anhand konkreter Ziele einen Einfluss auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten haben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit erg{\"a}nzen die Literatur zu F{\"u}hrungsverhalten im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor um die Perspektive der Einflussfaktoren auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten und leisten zus{\"a}tzlich mit Hilfe der verwendeten Taxonomie einen Beitrag zur theoretischen Diskussion von F{\"u}hrungsverhalten in der Public-Management-Forschung. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bieten die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse der Verwaltungspraxis Hinweise zu relevanten Einflussfaktoren auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten sowie auf beachtliche Differenzen zwischen Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung des F{\"u}hrungsverhaltens.}, language = {de} } @article{UllrichVladova2016, author = {Ullrich, Andre and Vladova, Gergana}, title = {Weighing the Pros and Cons of Engaging in Open Innovation}, series = {Technology Innovation Management Review}, volume = {8}, journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review}, publisher = {Carleton University Graphic Services}, address = {Ottawa}, issn = {1927-0321}, pages = {34 -- 40}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The positive aspects of open innovation projects are widely discussed in innovation management research and practice by means of case studies and best practices. However, enterprises, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) also face miscellaneous challenges in open innovation practice, leading to uncertainty and even renunciation of open innovation project participation. Thus, it is essential for SMEs to find the right balance between possible positive effects and negative consequences - the latter being the less studied "dark sides" of open innovation. However, appropriate methods of finding this balance are still lacking. In this article, we discuss the assessment of open innovation project participation by presenting a weighing and decision process framework as a conceivable solution approach. The framework includes an internal, external, and integrated analysis as well as a recommendation and decision phase. Piece by piece, we investigate the current situation and the innovation goals of the enterprise as an initial point for a decision for or against engaging in open innovation. Furthermore, we discuss the development of a software tool that automatically applies this framework and allows self-assessment by SMEs.}, language = {en} } @article{SeegebarthPeyerBalderjahnetal.2016, author = {Seegebarth, Barbara and Peyer, Mathias and Balderjahn, Ingo and Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter}, title = {The Sustainability Roots of Anticonsumption Lifestyles and Initial}, series = {The Journal of consumer affairs}, volume = {50}, journal = {The Journal of consumer affairs}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0022-0078}, doi = {10.1111/joca.12077}, pages = {68 -- 99}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article introduces the concept of sustainability-rooted anticonsumption (SRAC), which refers to consumers' anticonsumption practices of voluntary simplicity in living and, on a smaller level, collaborative consumption and boycotting with the goal of supporting sustainable economic development. The SRAC measurement approach is validated based on three empirical studies. Results of a representative German sample (Study 2) reveal that SRAC is predominantly negatively linked to consumer overconsumption dispositions. Exemplary, voluntary simplification and boycott intention may result in declining levels of indebtedness. Study 3 shows that psychosocial well-being is positively related to SRAC and overconsumption. However, a simplified lifestyle and a greater willingness to boycott are not necessarily associated with psychosocial well-being. This article provides insights for practitioners and policymakers to leverage existing SRAC values via "new" business models (sharing offers) or to influence the existing level of consciousness to effectively pave the way for solid progress in the sustainability movement.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schumacher2016, author = {Schumacher, Reinhard}, title = {Adam Smith, foreign trade and economic development}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {143}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{Schumacher2016, author = {Schumacher, Reinhard}, title = {Adam Smith and the "rich country-poor country" debate: eighteenth-century views on economic progress and international trade}, series = {The European journal of the history of economic thought}, volume = {23}, journal = {The European journal of the history of economic thought}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0967-2567}, doi = {10.1080/09672567.2015.1050046}, pages = {764 -- 793}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @misc{Schumacher2016, author = {Schumacher, Reinhard}, title = {Propriety and Prosperity: New Studies on the Philosophy of Adam Smith, Archival Insights Into the Evolution of Economics}, series = {Journal of behavioral and experimental economics}, volume = {62}, journal = {Journal of behavioral and experimental economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {2214-8043}, doi = {10.1016/j.socec.2016.02.002}, pages = {51 -- 52}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schroth2016, author = {Schroth, Maximilian}, title = {Microfinance and the enhancement of economic development in less developed countries}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94735}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 287}, year = {2016}, abstract = {It is the intention of this study to contribute to further rethinking and innovating in the Microcredit business which stands at a turning point - after around 40 years of practice it is endangered to fail as a tool for economic development and to become a doubtful finance product with a random scope instead. So far, a positive impact of Microfinance on the improvement of the lives of the poor could not be confirmed. Over-indebtment of borrowers due to the pre-dominance of consumption Microcredits has become a widespread problem. Furthermore, a rising number of abusive and commercially excessive practices have been reported. In fact, the Microfinance sector appears to suffer from a major underlying deficit: there does not exist a coherent and transparent understanding of its meaning and objectives so that Microfinance providers worldwide follow their own approaches of Microfinance which tend to differ considerably from each other. In this sense the study aims at consolidating the multi-faced and very often confusingly different Microcredit profiles that exist nowadays. Subsequently, in this study, the Microfinance spectrum will be narrowed to one clear-cut objective, in fact away from the mere monetary business transactions to poor people it has gradually been reduced to back towards a tool for economic development as originally envisaged by its pioneers. Hence, the fundamental research question of this study is whether, and under which conditions, Microfinance may attain a positive economic impact leading to an improvement of the living of the poor. The study is structured in five parts: the three main parts (II.-IV.) are surrounded by an introduction (I.) and conclusion (V.). In part II., the Microfinance sector is analysed critically aiming to identify the challenges persisting as well as their root causes. In the third part, a change to the macroeconomic perspective is undertaken in oder to learn about the potential and requirements of small-scale finance to enhance economic development, particularly within the economic context of less developed countries. By consolidating the insights gained in part IV., the elements of a new concept of Microfinance with the objecitve to achieve economic development of its borrowers are elaborated. Microfinance is a rather sensitive business the great fundamental idea of which is easily corruptible and, additionally, the recipients of which are predestined victims of abuse due to their limited knowledge in finance. It therefore needs to be practiced responsibly, but also according to clear cut definitions of its meaning and objectives all institutions active in the sector should be devoted to comply with. This is especially relevant as the demand for Microfinance services is expected to rise further within the years coming. For example, the recent refugee migration movement towards Europe entails a vast potential for Microfinance to enable these people to make a new start into economic life. This goes to show that Microfinance may no longer mainly be associated with a less developed economic context, but that it will gain importance as a financial instrument in the developed economies, too.}, language = {en} } @book{Schmidt2016, author = {Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo}, title = {Finanzierungspflichten und Konnexit{\"a}tsprinzip}, series = {Recht der Steuern und der {\"o}ffentlichen Finanzordnung ; 10}, journal = {Recht der Steuern und der {\"o}ffentlichen Finanzordnung ; 10}, editor = {Gosch, Dietmar and Hufeld, Ulrich and Kirchhof, Gregor and Rust, Alexander and Schenke, Ralf and Tappe, Henning and Weitemeyer, Birgit}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-2822-0}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {86}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die Finanzkrise der Kommunen beruht auch auf der {\"U}bertragung staatlicher Aufgaben ohne entsprechenden finanziellen Ausgleich. Davor sollen nun das grundgesetzliche Aufgaben{\"u}bertragungsverbot vom Bund auf die Kommunen und die landesverfassungsrechtlichen Konnexit{\"a}tsregeln beim Transfer vom Land auf die Kommunen sch{\"u}tzen. Zwar ist anerkannt, dass diese Vorschriften f{\"u}r Sachaufgaben gelten. Doch ist streitig, ob dies auch f{\"u}r die Auferlegung von Finanzierungspflichten zu gelten hat. Der Autor vergleicht die landesverfassungsrechtlichen Bestimmungen in ihrer Auslegung durch das jeweilige Landesverfassungsgericht und arbeitet unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der nordrhein-westf{\"a}lischen Rechtslage heraus, dass die {\"U}bertragungsvorschriften nicht umgangen werden d{\"u}rfen. {\"U}bertragung einer Sachaufgabe und Auferlegung einer Finanzierungspflicht sind funktionell gleichwertig und beide konnexit{\"a}tsrelevant. Der Autor ist Direktor des Kommunalwissenschaftlichen Instituts der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam.}, language = {de} } @book{Schmidt2016, author = {Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo}, title = {Das Mitverwaltungsmodell}, series = {Kommunalrechtliche Studien ; 3}, journal = {Kommunalrechtliche Studien ; 3}, editor = {Br{\"u}ning, Christoph and Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-2797-1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {165}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Demographischer Wandel einerseits und zunehmende Aufgaben andererseits erzwingen bei finanzieller Notlage kommunale Reformen. Vielfach antworten die Landesgesetzgeber auf diesen Reformbedarf mit immer gr{\"o}ßeren kommunalen Einheiten. Um dieser „Flucht in die Einheitsgemeinde" entgegenzuwirken, entwickelt der Verfasser das Mitverwaltungsmodell: Eine Gemeinde bleibt zwar rechtlich selbstst{\"a}ndig, bedient sich aber der hauptamtlichen Verwaltung einer anderen Gemeinde. Die M{\"o}glichkeit einer solchen {\"o}ffentlich-rechtlichen Gesch{\"a}ftsbesorgung wird unter Wahrung der Selbstverwaltungsgarantie beider Gemeinden entfaltet. Die notwendigen gesetzlichen Bestimmungen und vertraglichen Regelungen werden entworfen. Dieses Modell soll im Rahmen der Brandenburgischen Verwaltungsstrukturreform umgesetzt werden und kann auch anderen L{\"a}ndern als Vorbild dienen. Der Autor ist Direktor des Kommunalwissenschaftlichen Instituts der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2016, author = {Schmidt, Peter}, title = {Contributions to EU regional policy}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90837}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 137}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This cumulative dissertation contains four self-contained articles which are related to EU regional policy and its structural funds as the overall research topic. In particular, the thesis addresses the question if EU regional policy interventions can at all be scientifically justified and legitimated on theoretical and empirical grounds from an economics point of view. The first two articles of the thesis ("The EU structural funds as a means to hamper migration" and "Internal migration and EU regional policy transfer payments: a panel data analysis for 28 EU member countries") enter into one particular aspect of the debate regarding the justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy. They theoretically and empirically analyse as to whether regional policy or the market force of the free flow of labour (migration) in the internal European market is the better instrument to improve and harmonise the living and working conditions of EU citizens. Based on neoclassical market failure theory, the first paper argues that the structural funds of the EU are inhibiting internal migration, which is one of the key measures in achieving convergence among the nations in the single European market. It becomes clear that European regional policy aiming at economic growth and cohesion among the member states cannot be justified and legitimated if the structural funds hamper instead of promote migration. The second paper, however, shows that the empirical evidence on the migration and regional policy nexus is not unambiguous, i.e. different empirical investigations show that EU structural funds hamper and promote EU internal migration. Hence, the question of the scientific justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy cannot be readily and unambiguously answered on empirical grounds. This finding is unsatisfying but is in line with previous theoretical and empirical literature. That is why, I take a step back and reconsider the theoretical beginnings of the thesis, which took for granted neoclassical market failure theory as the starting point for the positive explanation as well as the normative justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy. The third article of the thesis ("EU regional policy: theoretical foundations and policy conclusions revisited") deals with the theoretical explanation and legitimisation of EU regional policy as well as the policy recommendations given to EU regional policymakers deduced from neoclassical market failure theory. The article elucidates that neoclassical market failure is a normative concept, which justifies and legitimates EU regional policy based on a political and thus subjective goal or value-judgement. It can neither be used, therefore, to give a scientifically positive explanation of the structural funds nor to obtain objective and practically applicable policy instruments. Given this critique of neoclassical market failure theory, the third paper consequently calls into question the widely prevalent explanation and justification of EU regional policy given in static neoclassical equilibrium economics. It argues that an evolutionary non-equilibrium economics perspective on EU regional policy is much more appropriate to provide a realistic understanding of one of the largest policies conducted by the EU. However, this does neither mean that evolutionary economic theory can be unreservedly seen as the panacea to positively explain EU regional policy nor to derive objective policy instruments for EU regional policymakers. This issue is discussed in the fourth article of the thesis ("Market failure vs. system failure as a rationale for economic policy? A critique from an evolutionary perspective"). This article reconsiders the explanation of economic policy from an evolutionary economics perspective. It contrasts the neoclassical equilibrium notions of market and government failure with the dominant evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian and Austrian-Hayekian perceptions. Based on this comparison, the paper criticises the fact that neoclassical failure reasoning still prevails in non-equilibrium evolutionary economics when economic policy issues are examined. This is surprising, since proponents of evolutionary economics usually view their approach as incompatible with its neoclassical counterpart. The paper therefore argues that in order to prevent the otherwise fruitful and more realistic evolutionary approach from undermining its own criticism of neoclassical economics and to create a consistent as well as objective evolutionary policy framework, it is necessary to eliminate the equilibrium spirit. Taken together, the main finding of this thesis is that European regional policy and its structural funds can neither theoretically nor empirically be justified and legitimated from an economics point of view. Moreover, the thesis finds that the prevalent positive and instrumental explanation of EU regional policy given in the literature needs to be reconsidered, because these theories can neither scientifically explain the emergence and development of this policy nor are they appropriate to derive objective and scientific policy instruments for EU regional policymakers.}, language = {en} }