@article{LauchtHohmEsseretal.2005,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Hohm, E. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Elevated risk of smoking in children with externalizing disorders},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Background: Several studies have reported higher smoking rates among adolescents with externalizing disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder) as compared to healthy controls. Objective: To follow the association between childhood externalizing disorders and smoking during development, to determine the type of problems most strongly related to later tobacco use, and to control for the influence of covarying factors. Methods: Participants were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children born with different perinatal and psychosocial risks. Standardized assessments of behavioral disorders between 2 and 11 years and of tobacco use at age 15 were obtained. Results: 15-year-olds with externalizing disorders between 2 and 11 years reported higher tobacco use than those without a history of disorder. This association could be followed back into early childhood and held up even after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: The findings suggest that childhood externalizing disorders may represent an independent risk factor for elevated tobacco use in adolescence},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtHomEsseretal.2005,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Hom, Erika and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Erh{\"o}htes Raucherrisiko von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeits- und Verhaltensst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LayIhleEsseretal.2005,
  author    = {Lay, Barbara and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Juvenile-episodic, continued or adult-onset delinquency? Risk conditions analysed in a cohort of children followed up to the age of 25 years},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}