@phdthesis{Baufeld2005,
  author    = {Baufeld, Ralf},
  title     = {GIS-gest{\"u}tzte Prognose der Biotopentwicklung auf Grundlage von Biotoptypen- und Vegetationserhebungen auf geplanten R{\"u}ckdeichungsfl{\"a}chen an der Mittleren Elbe in Sachsen-Anhalt},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-2523},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Durch die anthropogene Nutzung sind viele Auen in Mitteleuropa ver{\"a}ndert worden, wobei insbesondere die Retentionsfl{\"a}chen stark verringert wurden. W{\"a}hrend Auen seit l{\"a}ngerem im Fokus der wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung stehen, gibt es bisher große Wissensdefizite in der Frage der Auenreaktivierungen. Zum einen sind derartige Projekte bisher kaum verwirklicht und zum anderen ist ein langfristiges Monitoring notwendig, um die Anpassung von Bioz{\"o}nosen an die ver{\"a}nderten Standortbedingungen beobachten zu k{\"o}nnen. Um die Folgen derartiger Eingriffe zu analysieren, bieten sich computergest{\"u}tzte Modellierungen der Landschaftsentwicklung an, wie sie in der vorliegenden Arbeit verwirklicht wurden. Ziel der Arbeit war, mit Hilfe eines Geografischen Informationssystems (GIS) das Entwicklungspotenzial der Landschaft bei verschiedenen R{\"u}ckdeichungsvarianten auf der Ebene der Biotoptypen darzustellen. Dabei ging es nicht um die Erstellung eines allgemein g{\"u}ltigen Auenmodells sondern um die Erarbeitung eines Modells f{\"u}r einen konkreten Anwendungsfall. Der erarbeitete Ansatz sollte zudem f{\"u}r die landschaftsplanerische Praxis geeignet sein. Als Beispielgebiete wurden Fl{\"a}chen an der Mittleren Elbe bei Rog{\"a}tz und Sandau, beide im n{\"o}rdlichen Teil von Sachsen-Anhalt, ausgew{\"a}hlt. Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in zwei Teile. Im ersten Teil werden Erhebungen und Auswertungen als Grundlage der Modellentwicklung dargestellt. Dazu wurden die Biotoptypen der Beispielgebiete fl{\"a}chendeckend erhoben und mit punktuellen Vegetationserhebungen erg{\"a}nzt. Aus dem Forschungsprojekt "R{\"u}ckgewinnung von Retentionsfl{\"a}chen und Altauenreaktivierung an der Mittleren Elbe in Sachsen-Anhalt" des Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) standen standort{\"o}kologische Daten der Hydrologie und Bodenkunde zur Verf{\"u}gung. Ziel der Auswertung war, Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren f{\"u}r Hydrologie und Bodenbedingungen innerhalb der rezenten Aue zu identifizieren, die zur Auspr{\"a}gung bestimmter Biotoptypen f{\"u}hren. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde ein Modell f{\"u}r Biotoptypenpotenziale auf den geplanten R{\"u}ck\–deichungsfl{\"a}chen entwickelt. Das Modell bearbeitet die Datenbank der verwendeten GIS-Dateien, die auf Daten zum Bestand beruht und um solche der Prognose der Standort{\"o}kologie (Hydrologie und Boden) im R{\"u}ckdeichungsfalle aus dem BMBF-Projekt erweitert wurde. Weitere Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Modellierung war die Erarbeitung von Leitbildern, in denen unterschiedliche Nutzungsszenarios f{\"u}r die Landschaft nach Deichr{\"u}ckverlegung hypothetisch festgelegt wurden. Insbesondere die Nutzungsintensit{\"a}t wurde variiert, von einer Variante intensiver land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Nutzung {\"u}ber sogenannte integrierte Entwicklungsziele aus dem BMBF-Projekt bis hin zu einer Variante der Naturschutznutzung. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde eine zuk{\"u}nftige Potentielle Nat{\"u}rliche Vegetation modelliert. Eine {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung des Modell fand f{\"u}r den Raum der rezenten Aue in der intensiven Nutzungsvariante statt, die der gegenw{\"a}rtigen Nutzung am n{\"a}chsten kommt. Werden Informationen des Bestandsbiotoptyps als Korrekturgr{\"o}ße in das Modell einbezogen, konnte f{\"u}r viele Biotoptypen eine Trefferquote von {\"u}ber 90 \% erreicht werden. Bei fl{\"a}chenm{\"a}ßig weniger bedeutenden Bio\–toptypen lag dieser Wert aufgrund der schmaleren Datenbasis zwischen 20 und 40 \%. Als Ergebnis liegt f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Deichvarianten und Leitbilder in den Beispielgebieten die Landschaftsentwicklung als Biotoppotenzial vor. Als eine vereinfachte Regionalisierung der punktuellen Vegetationsdaten wurde im Modell gepr{\"u}ft, inwieweit die modellierten Biotopfl{\"a}chen der Charakteristik der pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen aus der rezenten Aue entsprechen. In dem Falle wurde die Pflanzengesellschaft der jeweiligen {\"o}kologisch im Rahmen der Untersuchung einheitlichen Fl{\"a}cheneinheit zugeordnet. Anteilig l{\"a}sst sich damit die Biotopprognosefl{\"a}che pflanzensoziologisch konkretisieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit geh{\"o}rt zu den bisher wenigen Arbeiten, die sich mit den Folgen von Auenreaktivierung auf die Entwicklung der Landschaft auseinandersetzen. Sie zeigt eine M{\"o}glichkeit auf, Prognosemodelle f{\"u}r Biotoptypen und Vegetation anhand begrenzter Felduntersuchungen zu entwerfen. Derartige Modelle k{\"o}nnen zum Verst{\"a}ndnis von Eingriffen in den Naturhaushalt, wie sie die Deichr{\"u}ckverlegungen darstellen, beitragen und eine Folgenabsch{\"a}tzung unterst{\"u}tzen.},
  subject      = {Modellierung},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Becker2013,
  author    = {Becker, Basil},
  title     = {Architectural modelling and verification of open service-oriented systems of systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70158},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Systems of Systems (SoS) have received a lot of attention recently. In this thesis we will focus on SoS that are built atop the techniques of Service-Oriented Architectures and thus combine the benefits and challenges of both paradigms. For this thesis we will understand SoS as ensembles of single autonomous systems that are integrated to a larger system, the SoS. The interesting fact about these systems is that the previously isolated systems are still maintained, improved and developed on their own. Structural dynamics is an issue in SoS, as at every point in time systems can join and leave the ensemble. This and the fact that the cooperation among the constituent systems is not necessarily observable means that we will consider these systems as open systems. Of course, the system has a clear boundary at each point in time, but this can only be identified by halting the complete SoS. However, halting a system of that size is practically impossible. Often SoS are combinations of software systems and physical systems. Hence a failure in the software system can have a serious physical impact what makes an SoS of this kind easily a safety-critical system. The contribution of this thesis is a modelling approach that extends OMG's SoaML and basically relies on collaborations and roles as an abstraction layer above the components. This will allow us to describe SoS at an architectural level. We will also give a formal semantics for our modelling approach which employs hybrid graph-transformation systems. The modelling approach is accompanied by a modular verification scheme that will be able to cope with the complexity constraints implied by the SoS' structural dynamics and size. Building such autonomous systems as SoS without evolution at the architectural level --- i. e. adding and removing of components and services --- is inadequate. Therefore our approach directly supports the modelling and verification of evolution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{BeckerGiese2012,
  author    = {Becker, Basil and Giese, Holger},
  title     = {Cyber-physical systems with dynamic structure : towards modeling and verification of inductive invariants},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-217-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62437},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {iv, 27},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Cyber-physical systems achieve sophisticated system behavior exploring the tight interconnection of physical coupling present in classical engineering systems and information technology based coupling. A particular challenging case are systems where these cyber-physical systems are formed ad hoc according to the specific local topology, the available networking capabilities, and the goals and constraints of the subsystems captured by the information processing part. In this paper we present a formalism that permits to model the sketched class of cyber-physical systems. The ad hoc formation of tightly coupled subsystems of arbitrary size are specified using a UML-based graph transformation system approach. Differential equations are employed to define the resulting tightly coupled behavior. Together, both form hybrid graph transformation systems where the graph transformation rules define the discrete steps where the topology or modes may change, while the differential equations capture the continuous behavior in between such discrete changes. In addition, we demonstrate that automated analysis techniques known for timed graph transformation systems for inductive invariants can be extended to also cover the hybrid case for an expressive case of hybrid models where the formed tightly coupled subsystems are restricted to smaller local networks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bergner2003,
  author    = {Bergner, Andreas G. N.},
  title     = {Lake-level fluctuations and Late Quaternary climate change in the Central Kenya Rift},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001428},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Diese Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion von Klima in historischen Zeiten im tropischen Ostafrika. Nach einer {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber die heutigen klimatischen Bedingungen der Tropen und den Besonderheiten des ostafrikanischen Klimas, werden die M{\"o}glichkeiten der Klimarekonstruktion anhand von Seesedimenten diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die hoch gelegenen Seen des Zentralen Keniarifts, als Teil des Ostafrikanischen Grabensystems, besonders geeignete Klimaarchive darstellen, da sie sensibel auf klimatische Ver{\"a}nderungen reagieren. Ver{\"a}nderungen der Seechemie, wie sie in den Sedimenten aufgezeichnet werden, eignen sich um die nat{\"u}rlichen Schwankungen in der Quart{\"a}ren Klimageschichte Ostafrikas nachzuzeichnen. Basierend auf der guten 40Ar/39Ar- und 14C-Datierbarkeit der Seesedimente wird eine Chronologie der pal{\"a}o{\"o}kologischen Bedingungen anhand von Diatomeenvergesellschaftungen restauriert. Dabei zeigen sich f{\"u}r die Seen Nakuru, Elmenteita und Naivasha kurzfristige Transgression/ Regressions-Zyklen im Intervall von ca. 11.000 Jahren w{\"a}hrend des letzten (ca. 12.000 bis 6.000 J.v.H.) und vorletzten Interglazials (ca. 140.000 bis 60.000 J.v.H.). Zus{\"a}tzlich kann ein allgemeiner, langfristiger Trend der Seeentwicklung von großen Frischwasserseen hin zu st{\"a}rker salinen Gew{\"a}ssern innerhalb der letzen 1 Mio. Jahre festgestellt werden. Mittels Transferfunktionen und einem hydro-klimatischen Modellansatz k{\"o}nnen die restaurierten limnologischen Bedingungen als klimatische Schwankungen des Einzugsgebietes interpretiert werden. Wenngleich auch der zus{\"a}tzliche Einfluss von tektonischen Ver{\"a}nderungen auf das Seeeinzugsgebiet und das Gewicht ver{\"a}nderter Grundwasserstr{\"o}me abgewogen werden, zeigt sich, dass allein geringf{\"u}gig erh{\"o}hte Niederschlagswerte von ca. 30±10 \% zu dramatischen Seespiegelanstiegen im Zentralen Keniarift f{\"u}hren. Aufgrund der etablierten hydrrologisch-klimatischen Wechselwirkungen werden R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse auf die nat{\"u}rliche Variabilit{\"a}t des ostafrikanischen Klimas gezogen. Zudem wird die Sensitivit{\"a}t der Keniarift-Seen in Bezug auf die St{\"a}rke der {\"a}quatorialen Insolation und hinsichtilch variabler Oberfl{\"a}chenwassertemperaturen des Indischen Ozeans bewertet.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Brune2018,
  author    = {Brune, Sascha},
  title     = {Modelling continental rift dynamics},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43236},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432364},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {192},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Continental rift systems open up unique possibilities to study the geodynamic system of our planet: geodynamic localization processes are imprinted in the morphology of the rift by governing the time-dependent activity of faults, the topographic evolution of the rift or by controlling whether a rift is symmetric or asymmetric. Since lithospheric necking localizes strain towards the rift centre, deformation structures of previous rift phases are often well preserved and passive margins, the end product of continental rifting, retain key information about the tectonic history from rift inception to continental rupture. Current understanding of continental rift evolution is based on combining observations from active rifts with data collected at rifted margins. Connecting these isolated data sets is often accomplished in a conceptual way and leaves room for subjective interpretation. Geodynamic forward models, however, have the potential to link individual data sets in a quantitative manner, using additional constraints from rock mechanics and rheology, which allows to transcend previous conceptual models of rift evolution. By quantifying geodynamic processes within continental rifts, numerical modelling allows key insight to tectonic processes that operate also in other plate boundary settings, such as mid ocean ridges, collisional mountain chains or subduction zones. In this thesis, I combine numerical, plate-tectonic, analytical, and analogue modelling approaches, whereas numerical thermomechanical modelling constitutes the primary tool. This method advanced rapidly during the last two decades owing to dedicated software development and the availability of massively parallel computer facilities. Nevertheless, only recently the geodynamical modelling community was able to capture 3D lithospheric-scale rift dynamics from onset of extension to final continental rupture. The first chapter of this thesis provides a broad introduction to continental rifting, a summary of the applied rift modelling methods and a short overview of previews studies. The following chapters, which constitute the main part of this thesis feature studies on plate boundary dynamics in two and three dimension followed by global scale analyses (Fig. 1). Chapter II focuses on 2D geodynamic modelling of rifted margin formation. It highlights the formation of wide areas of hyperextended crustal slivers via rift migration as a key process that affected many rifted margins worldwide. This chapter also contains a study of rift velocity evolution, showing that rift strength loss and extension velocity are linked through a dynamic feed-back. This process results in abrupt accelerations of the involved plates during rifting illustrating for the first time that rift dynamics plays a role in changing global-scale plate motions. Since rift velocity affects key processes like faulting, melting and lower crustal flow, this study also implies that the slow-fast velocity evolution should be imprinted in rifted margin structures. Chapter III relies on 3D Cartesian rift models in order to investigate various aspects of rift obliquity. Oblique rifting occurs if the extension direction is not orthogonal to the rift trend. Using 3D lithospheric-scale models from rift initialisation to breakup I could isolate a characteristic evolution of dominant fault orientations. Further work in Chapter III addresses the impact of rift obliquity on the strength of the rift system. We illustrate that oblique rifting is mechanically preferred over orthogonal rifting, because the brittle yielding requires a lower tectonic force. This mechanism elucidates rift competition during South Atlantic rifting, where the more oblique Equatorial Atlantic Rift proceeded to breakup while the simultaneously active but less oblique West African rift system became a failed rift. Finally this Chapter also investigates the impact of a previous rift phase on current tectonic activity in the linkage area of the Kenyan with Ethiopian rift. We show that the along strike changes in rift style are not caused by changes in crustal rheology. Instead the rift linkage pattern in this area can be explained when accounting for the thinned crust and lithosphere of a Mesozoic rift event. Chapter IV investigates rifting from the global perspective. A first study extends the oblique rift topic of the previous chapter to global scale by investigating the frequency of oblique rifting during the last 230 million years. We find that approximately 70\% of all ocean-forming rift segments involved an oblique component of extension where obliquities exceed 20°. This highlights the relevance of 3D approaches in modelling, surveying, and interpretation of many rifted margins. In a final study, we propose a link between continental rift activity, diffuse CO2 degassing and Mesozoic/Cenozoic climate changes. We used recent CO2 flux measurements in continental rifts to estimate worldwide rift-related CO2 release, which we based on the global extent of rifts through time. The first-order correlation to paleo-atmospheric CO2 proxy data suggests that rifts constitute a major element of the global carbon cycle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Baeckemo2022,
  author    = {B{\"a}ckemo, Johan Dag Valentin},
  title     = {Digital tools and bioinspiration for the implementation in science and medicine},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57145},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571458},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiv, 108},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Diese Doktorarbeit untersucht anhand dreier Beispiele, wie digitale Werkzeuge wie Programmierung, Modellierung, 3D-Konstruktions-Werkzeuge und additive Fertigung in Verbindung mit einer auf Biomimetik basierenden Design\-strategie zu neuen Analysemethoden und Produkten f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen, die in Wissenschaft und Medizin Anwendung finden. Das Verfahren der Funkenerosion (EDM) wird h{\"a}ufig angewandt, um harte Metalle zu verformen oder zu formen, die mit normalen Maschinen nur schwer zu bearbeiten sind. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neuartige Kr{\"u}mmungsanalysemethode als Alternative zur Rauheitsanalyse vorgestellt. Um besser zu verstehen, wie sich die Oberfl{\"a}che w{\"a}hrend der Bearbeitungszeit des EDM-Prozesses ver{\"a}ndert, wurde außerdem ein digitales Schlagmodell erstellt, das auf einem urspr{\"u}nglich flachen Substrat Krater auf Erhebungen erzeugte. Es wurde festgestellt, dass ein Substrat bei etwa 10.000 St{\"o}ßen ein Gleichgewicht erreicht. Die vorgeschlagene Kr{\"u}mmungsanalysemethode hat das Potenzial, bei der Entwicklung neuer Zellkultursubstrate f{\"u}r die Stammzellenforschung eingesetzt zu werden. Zwei Arten, die in dieser Arbeit aufgrund ihrer interessanten Mechanismen analysiert wurden, sind die Venusfliegenfalle und der Bandwurm. Die Venusfliegenfalle kann ihr Maul mit einer erstaunlichen Geschwindigkeit schließen. Der Schließmechanismus kann f{\"u}r die Wissenschaft interessant sein und ist ein Beispiel f{\"u}r ein so genanntes mechanisch bi-stabiles System - es gibt zwei stabile Zust{\"a}nde. Der Bandwurm ist bei S{\"a}ugetieren meist im unteren Darm zu finden und heftet sich mit seinen Saugn{\"a}pfen an die Darmw{\"a}nde. Wenn der Bandwurm eine geeignete Stelle gefunden hat, st{\"o}ßt er seine Haken aus und heftet sich dauerhaft an die Wand. Diese Funktion k{\"o}nnte in der minimalinvasiven Medizin genutzt werden, um eine bessere Kontrolle der Implantate w{\"a}hrend des Implantationsprozesses zu erm{\"o}glichen. F{\"u}r beide Projekte wurde ein mathematisches Modell, das so genannte Chained Beam Constraint Model (CBCM), verwendet, um das nichtlineare Biegeverhalten zu modellieren und somit vorherzusagen, welche Strukturen ein mechanisch bi-stabiles Verhalten aufweisen k{\"o}nnten. Daraufhin konnten zwei Prototypen mit einem 3D-Drucker gedruckt und durch Experimente veranschaulicht werden, dass sie beide ein bi-stabiles Verhalten aufweisen. Diese Arbeit verdeutlicht das hohe Anwendungspotenzial f{\"u}r neue Analysenmethoden in der Wissenschaft und f{\"u}r neue Medizinprodukte in der minimalinvasiven Medizin.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Dehne2021,
  author    = {Dehne, Julian},
  title     = {M{\"o}glichkeiten und Limitationen der medialen Unterst{\"u}tzung forschenden Lernens},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-49789},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-497894},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xvii, 404},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Forschendes Lernen und die digitale Transformation sind zwei der wichtigsten Einfl{\"u}sse auf die Entwicklung der Hochschuldidaktik im deutschprachigen Raum. W{\"a}hrend das forschende Lernen als normative Theorie das sollen beschreibt, geben die digitalen Werkzeuge, alte wie neue, das k{\"o}nnen in vielen Bereichen vor. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Prozessmodell aufgestellt, was den Versuch unternimmt, das forschende Lernen hinsichtlich interaktiver, gruppenbasierter Prozesse zu systematisieren. Basierend auf dem entwickelten Modell wurde ein Softwareprototyp implementiert, der den gesamten Forschungsprozess begleiten kann. Dabei werden Gruppenformation, Feedback- und Reflexionsprozesse und das Peer Assessment mit Bildungstechnologien unterst{\"u}tzt. Die Entwicklungen wurden in einem qualitativen Experiment eingesetzt, um Systemwissen {\"u}ber die M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der digitalen Unterst{\"u}tzung von forschendem Lernen zu gewinnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Francke2009,
  author    = {Francke, Till},
  title     = {Measurement and modelling of water and sediment fluxes in meso-scale dryland catchments},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-31525},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Water shortage is a serious threat for many societies worldwide. In drylands, water management measures like the construction of reservoirs are affected by eroded sediments transported in the rivers. Thus, the capability of assessing water and sediment fluxes at the river basin scale is of vital importance to support management decisions and policy making. This subject was addressed by the DFG-funded SESAM-project (Sediment Export from large Semi-Arid catchments: Measurements and Modelling). As a part of this project, this thesis focuses on (1) the development and implementation of an erosion module for a meso-scale catchment model, (2) the development of upscaling and generalization methods for the parameterization of such model, (3) the execution of measurements to obtain data required for the modelling and (4) the application of the model to different study areas and its evaluation. The research was carried out in two meso-scale dryland catchments in NE-Spain: Ribera Salada (200 km²) and Is{\´a}bena (450 km²). Adressing objective 1, WASA-SED, a spatially semi-distributed model for water and sediment transport at the meso-scale was developed. The model simulates runoff and erosion processes at the hillslope scale, transport processes of suspended and bedload fluxes in the river reaches, and retention and remobilisation processes of sediments in reservoirs. This thesis introduces the model concept, presents current model applications and discusses its capabilities and limitations. Modelling at larger scales faces the dilemma of describing relevant processes while maintaining a manageable demand for input data and computation time. WASA-SED addresses this challenge by employing an innovative catena-based upscaling approach: the landscape is represented by characteristic toposequences. For deriving these toposequences with regard to multiple attributes (eg. topography, soils, vegetation) the LUMP-algorithm (Landscape Unit Mapping Program) was developed and related to objective 2. It incorporates an algorithm to retrieve representative catenas and their attributes, based on a Digital Elevation Model and supplemental spatial data. These catenas are classified to provide the discretization for the WASA-SED model. For objective 3, water and sediment fluxes were monitored at the catchment outlet of the Is{\´a}bena and some of its sub-catchments. For sediment yield estimation, the intermittent measurements of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) had to be interpolated. This thesis presents a comparison of traditional sediment rating curves (SRCs), generalized linear models (GLMs) and non-parametric regression using Random Forests (RF) and Quantile Regression Forests (QRF). The observed SSCs are highly variable and range over six orders of magnitude. For these data, traditional SRCs performed poorly, as did GLMs, despite including other relevant process variables (e.g. rainfall intensities, discharge characteristics). RF and QRF proved to be very robust and performed favourably for reproducing sediment dynamics. QRF additionally excels in providing estimates on the accuracy of the predictions. Subsequent analysis showed that most of the sediment was exported during intense storms of late summer. Later floods yielded successively less sediment. Comparing sediment generation to yield at the outlet suggested considerable storage effects within the river channel. Addressing objective 4, the WASA-SED model was parameterized for the two study areas in NE Spain and applied with different foci. For Ribera Salada, the uncalibrated model yielded reasonable results for runoff and sediment. It provided quantitative measures of the change in runoff and sediment yield for different land-uses. Additional land management scenarios were presented and compared to impacts caused by climate change projections. In contrast, the application for the Is{\´a}bena focussed on exploring the full potential of the model's predictive capabilities. The calibrated model achieved an acceptable performance for the validation period in terms of water and sediment fluxes. The inadequate representation of the lower sub-catchments inflicted considerable reductions on model performance, while results for the headwater catchments showed good agreement despite stark contrasts in sediment yield. In summary, the application of WASA-SED to three catchments proved the model framework to be a practicable multi-scale approach. It successfully links the hillslope to the catchment scale and integrates the three components hillslope, river and reservoir in one model. Thus, it provides a feasible approach for tackling issues of water and sediment yield at the meso-scale. The crucial role of processes like transmission losses and sediment storage in the river has been identified. Further advances can be expected when the representation of connectivity of water and sediment fluxes (intra-hillslope, hillslope-river, intra-river) is refined and input data improves.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fuhrmann2018,
  author    = {Fuhrmann, Saskia},
  title     = {Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and mechanism-based pharmacodynamic modelling of monoclonal antibodies with a focus on tumour targeting},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418861},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xvii, 171},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an innovative group of drugs with increasing clinical importance in oncology, combining high specificity with generally low toxicity. There are, however, numerous challenges associated with the development of mAbs as therapeutics. Mechanistic understanding of factors that govern the pharmacokinetics (PK) of mAbs is critical for drug development and the optimisation of effective therapies; in particular, adequate dosing strategies can improve patient quality life and lower drug cost. Physiologically-based PK (PBPK) models offer a physiological and mechanistic framework, which is of advantage in the context of animal to human extrapolation. Unlike for small molecule drugs, however, there is no consensus on how to model mAb disposition in a PBPK context. Current PBPK models for mAb PK hugely vary in their representation of physiology and parameterisation. Their complexity poses a challenge for their applications, e.g., translating knowledge from animal species to humans. In this thesis, we developed and validated a consensus PBPK model for mAb disposition taking into account recent insights into mAb distribution (antibody biodistribution coefficients and interstitial immunoglobulin G (IgG) pharmacokinetics) to predict tissue PK across several pre-clinical species and humans based on plasma data only. The model allows to a priori predict target-independent (unspecific) mAb disposition processes as well as mAb disposition in concentration ranges, for which the unspecific clearance (CL) dominates target-mediated CL processes. This is often the case for mAb therapies at steady state dosing. The consensus PBPK model was then used and refined to address two important problems: 1) Immunodeficient mice are crucial models to evaluate mAb efficacy in cancer therapy. Protection from elimination by binding to the neonatal Fc receptor is known to be a major pathway influencing the unspecific CL of both, endogenous and therapeutic IgG. The concentration of endogenous IgG, however, is reduced in immunodeficient mouse models, and this effect on unspecific mAb CL is unknown, yet of great importance for the extrapolation to human in the context of mAb cancer therapy. 2) The distribution of mAbs into solid tumours is of great interest. To comprehensively investigate mAb distribution within tumour tissue and its implications for therapeutic efficacy, we extended the consensus PBPK model by a detailed tumour distribution model incorporating a cell-level model for mAb-target interaction. We studied the impact of variations in tumour microenvironment on therapeutic efficacy and explored the plausibility of different mechanisms of action in mAb cancer therapy. The mathematical findings and observed phenomena shed new light on therapeutic utility and dosing regimens in mAb cancer treatment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{GieseBecker2013,
  author    = {Giese, Holger and Becker, Basil},
  title     = {Modeling and verifying dynamic evolving service-oriented architectures},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-246-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65112},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {97},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The service-oriented architecture supports the dynamic assembly and runtime reconfiguration of complex open IT landscapes by means of runtime binding of service contracts, launching of new components and termination of outdated ones. Furthermore, the evolution of these IT landscapes is not restricted to exchanging components with other ones using the same service contracts, as new services contracts can be added as well. However, current approaches for modeling and verification of service-oriented architectures do not support these important capabilities to their full extend.In this report we present an extension of the current OMG proposal for service modeling with UML - SoaML - which overcomes these limitations. It permits modeling services and their service contracts at different levels of abstraction, provides a formal semantics for all modeling concepts, and enables verifying critical properties. Our compositional and incremental verification approach allows for complex properties including communication parameters and time and covers besides the dynamic binding of service contracts and the replacement of components also the evolution of the systems by means of new service contracts. The modeling as well as verification capabilities of the presented approach are demonstrated by means of a supply chain example and the verification results of a first prototype are shown.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Grimbs2009,
  author    = {Grimbs, Sergio},
  title     = {Towards structure and dynamics of metabolic networks},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32397},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {This work presents mathematical and computational approaches to cover various aspects of metabolic network modelling, especially regarding the limited availability of detailed kinetic knowledge on reaction rates. It is shown that precise mathematical formulations of problems are needed i) to find appropriate and, if possible, efficient algorithms to solve them, and ii) to determine the quality of the found approximate solutions. Furthermore, some means are introduced to gain insights on dynamic properties of metabolic networks either directly from the network structure or by additionally incorporating steady-state information. Finally, an approach to identify key reactions in a metabolic networks is introduced, which helps to develop simple yet useful kinetic models. The rise of novel techniques renders genome sequencing increasingly fast and cheap. In the near future, this will allow to analyze biological networks not only for species but also for individuals. Hence, automatic reconstruction of metabolic networks provides itself as a means for evaluating this huge amount of experimental data. A mathematical formulation as an optimization problem is presented, taking into account existing knowledge and experimental data as well as the probabilistic predictions of various bioinformatical methods. The reconstructed networks are optimized for having large connected components of high accuracy, hence avoiding fragmentation into small isolated subnetworks. The usefulness of this formalism is exemplified on the reconstruction of the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The problem is shown to be computationally demanding and therefore necessitates efficient approximation algorithms. The problem of minimal nutrient requirements for genome-scale metabolic networks is analyzed. Given a metabolic network and a set of target metabolites, the inverse scope problem has as it objective determining a minimal set of metabolites that have to be provided in order to produce the target metabolites. These target metabolites might stem from experimental measurements and therefore are known to be produced by the metabolic network under study, or are given as the desired end-products of a biotechological application. The inverse scope problem is shown to be computationally hard to solve. However, I assume that the complexity strongly depends on the number of directed cycles within the metabolic network. This might guide the development of efficient approximation algorithms. Assuming mass-action kinetics, chemical reaction network theory (CRNT) allows for eliciting conclusions about multistability directly from the structure of metabolic networks. Although CRNT is based on mass-action kinetics originally, it is shown how to incorporate further reaction schemes by emulating molecular enzyme mechanisms. CRNT is used to compare several models of the Calvin cycle, which differ in size and level of abstraction. Definite results are obtained for small models, but the available set of theorems and algorithms provided by CRNT can not be applied to larger models due to the computational limitations of the currently available implementations of the provided algorithms. Given the stoichiometry of a metabolic network together with steady-state fluxes and concentrations, structural kinetic modelling allows to analyze the dynamic behavior of the metabolic network, even if the explicit rate equations are not known. In particular, this sampling approach is used to study the stabilizing effects of allosteric regulation in a model of human erythrocytes. Furthermore, the reactions of that model can be ranked according to their impact on stability of the steady state. The most important reactions in that respect are identified as hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, which are known to be highly regulated and almost irreversible. Kinetic modelling approaches using standard rate equations are compared and evaluated against reference models for erythrocytes and hepatocytes. The results from this simplified kinetic models can simulate acceptably the temporal behavior for small changes around a given steady state, but fail to capture important characteristics for larger changes. The aforementioned approach to rank reactions according to their influence on stability is used to identify a small number of key reactions. These reactions are modelled in detail, including knowledge about allosteric regulation, while all other reactions were still described by simplified reaction rates. These so-called hybrid models can capture the characteristics of the reference models significantly better than the simplified models alone. The resulting hybrid models might serve as a good starting point for kinetic modelling of genome-scale metabolic networks, as they provide reasonable results in the absence of experimental data, regarding, for instance, allosteric regulations, for a vast majority of enzymatic reactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hattermann2005,
  author    = {Hattermann, Fred Fokko},
  title     = {Integrated modelling of Global Change impacts in the German Elbe River Basin},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-6052},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The scope of this study is to investigate the environmental change in the German part of the Elbe river basin, whereby the focus is on two water related problems: having too little water and having water of poor quality. The Elbe region is representative of humid to semi-humid landscapes in central Europe, where water availability during the summer season is the limiting factor for plant growth and crop yields, especially in the loess areas, where the annual precipitation is lower than 500 mm. It is most likely that water quantity problems will accelerate in future, because both the observed and the projected climate trend show an increase in temperature and a decrease in annual precipitation, especially in the summer. Another problem is nutrient pollution of rivers and lakes. In the early 1990s, the Elbe was one of the most heavily polluted rivers in Europe. Even though nutrient emissions from point sources have notably decreased in the basin due to reduction of industrial sources and introduction of new and improved sewage treatment facilities, the diffuse sources of pollution are still not sufficiently controlled. The investigations have been done using the eco-hydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model), which has been embedded in a model framework of climate and agro-economic models. A global scenario of climate and agro-economic change has been regionalized to generate transient climate forcing data and land use boundary conditions for the model. The model was used to transform the climate and land use changes into altered evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, crop yields and river discharge, and to investigate the development of water quality in the river basin. Particular emphasis was given to assessing the significance of the impacts on the hydrology, taking into account in the analysis the inherent uncertainty of the regional climate change as well as the uncertainty in the results of the model. The average trend of the regional climate change scenario indicates a decrease in mean annual precipitation up to 2055 of about 1.5 \%, but with high uncertainty (covering the range from -15.3 \% to +14.8 \%), and a less uncertain increase in temperature of approximately 1.4 K. The relatively small change in precipitation in conjunction with the change in temperature leads to severe impacts on groundwater recharge and river flow. Increasing temperature induces longer vegetation periods, and the seasonality of the flow regime changes towards longer low flow spells in summer. As a results the water availability will decrease on average of the scenario simulations by approximately 15 \%. The increase in temperatures will improve the growth conditions for temperature limited crops like maize. The uncertainty of the climate trend is particularly high in regions where the change is the highest. The simulation results for the Nuthe subbasin of the Elbe indicate that retention processes in groundwater, wetlands and riparian zones have a high potential to reduce the nitrate concentrations of rivers and lakes in the basin, because they are located at the interface between catchment area and surface water bodies, where they are controlling the diffuse nutrient inputs. The relatively high retention of nitrate in the Nuthe basin is due to the long residence time of water in the subsurface (about 40 years), with good conditions for denitrification, and due to nitrate retention and plant uptake in wetlands and riparian zones. The concluding result of the study is that the natural environment and communities in parts of Central Europe will have considerably lower water resources under scenario conditions. The water quality will improve, but due to the long residence time of water and nutrients in the subsurface, this improvement will be slower in areas where the conditions for nutrient turn-over in the subsurface are poor.},
  subject      = {Hydrologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Huber2010,
  author    = {Huber, Veronika Emilie Charlotte},
  title     = {Climate impact on phytoplankton blooms in shallow lakes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42346},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Lake ecosystems across the globe have responded to climate warming of recent decades. However, correctly attributing observed changes to altered climatic conditions is complicated by multiple anthropogenic influences on lakes. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of climate impacts on freshwater phytoplankton, which forms the basis of the food chain and decisively influences water quality. The analyses were, for the most part, based on a long-term data set of physical, chemical and biological variables of a shallow, polymictic lake in north-eastern Germany (M{\"u}ggelsee), which was subject to a simultaneous change in climate and trophic state during the past three decades. Data analysis included constructing a dynamic simulation model, implementing a genetic algorithm to parameterize models, and applying statistical techniques of classification tree and time-series analysis. Model results indicated that climatic factors and trophic state interactively determine the timing of the phytoplankton spring bloom (phenology) in shallow lakes. Under equally mild spring conditions, the phytoplankton spring bloom collapsed earlier under high than under low nutrient availability, due to a switch from a bottom-up driven to a top-down driven collapse. A novel approach to model phenology proved useful to assess the timings of population peaks in an artificially forced zooplankton-phytoplankton system. Mimicking climate warming by lengthening the growing period advanced algal blooms and consequently also peaks in zooplankton abundance. Investigating the reasons for the contrasting development of cyanobacteria during two recent summer heat wave events revealed that anomalously hot weather did not always, as often hypothesized, promote cyanobacteria in the nutrient-rich lake studied. The seasonal timing and duration of heat waves determined whether critical thresholds of thermal stratification, decisive for cyanobacterial bloom formation, were crossed. In addition, the temporal patterns of heat wave events influenced the summer abundance of some zooplankton species, which as predators may serve as a buffer by suppressing phytoplankton bloom formation. This thesis adds to the growing body of evidence that lake ecosystems have strongly responded to climatic changes of recent decades. It reaches beyond many previous studies of climate impacts on lakes by focusing on underlying mechanisms and explicitly considering multiple environmental changes. Key findings show that climate impacts are more severe in nutrient-rich than in nutrient-poor lakes. Hence, to develop lake management plans for the future, limnologists need to seek a comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of overlapping effects of the multi-faceted human footprint on aquatic ecosystems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hoellerer2016,
  author    = {H{\"o}llerer, Reinhard},
  title     = {Modellierung und Optimierung von B{\"u}rgerdiensten am Beispiel der Stadt Landshut},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42598},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425986},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xii, 244},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Die Projektierung und Abwicklung sowie die statische und dynamische Analyse von Gesch{\"a}ftsprozessen im Bereich des Verwaltens und Regierens auf kommunaler, L{\"a}nder- wie auch Bundesebene mit Hilfe von Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken besch{\"a}ftigen Politiker und Strategen f{\"u}r Informationstechnologie ebenso wie die {\"O}ffentlichkeit seit Langem. Der hieraus entstandene Begriff E-Government wurde in der Folge aus den unterschiedlichsten technischen, politischen und semantischen Blickrichtungen beleuchtet. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich dabei auf zwei Schwerpunktthemen: • Das erste Schwerpunktthema behandelt den Entwurf eines hierarchischen Architekturmodells, f{\"u}r welches sieben hierarchische Schichten identifiziert werden k{\"o}nnen. Diese erscheinen notwendig, aber auch hinreichend, um den allgemeinen Fall zu beschreiben. Den Hintergrund hierf{\"u}r liefert die langj{\"a}hrige Prozess- und Verwaltungserfahrung als Leiter der EDV-Abteilung der Stadtverwaltung Landshut, eine kreisfreie Stadt mit rund 69.000 Einwohnern im Nordosten von M{\"u}nchen. Sie steht als Repr{\"a}sentant f{\"u}r viele Verwaltungsvorg{\"a}nge in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und ist dennoch als Analyseobjekt in der Gesamtkomplexit{\"a}t und Prozessquantit{\"a}t {\"u}berschaubar. Somit k{\"o}nnen aus der Analyse s{\"a}mtlicher Kernabl{\"a}ufe statische und dynamische Strukturen extrahiert und abstrakt modelliert werden. Die Schwerpunkte liegen in der Darstellung der vorhandenen Bedienabl{\"a}ufe in einer Kommune. Die Transformation der Bedienanforderung in einem hierarchischen System, die Darstellung der Kontroll- und der Operationszust{\"a}nde in allen Schichten wie auch die Strategie der Fehlererkennung und Fehlerbehebung schaffen eine transparente Basis f{\"u}r umfassende Restrukturierungen und Optimierungen. F{\"u}r die Modellierung wurde FMC-eCS eingesetzt, eine am Hasso-Plattner-Institut f{\"u}r Softwaresystemtechnik GmbH (HPI) im Fachgebiet Kommunikationssysteme entwickelte Methodik zur Modellierung zustandsdiskreter Systeme unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung m{\"o}glicher Inkonsistenzen (Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Werner Zorn [ZW07a, ZW07b]). • Das zweite Schwerpunktthema widmet sich der quantitativen Modellierung und Optimierung von E-Government-Bediensystemen, welche am Beispiel des B{\"u}rgerb{\"u}ros der Stadt Landshut im Zeitraum 2008 bis 2015 durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden. Dies erfolgt auf Basis einer kontinuierlichen Betriebsdatenerfassung mit aufwendiger Vorverarbeitung zur Extrahierung mathematisch beschreibbarer Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen. Der hieraus entwickelte Dienstplan wurde hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Optimierungen im dauerhaften Echteinsatz verifiziert. [ZW07a] Zorn, Werner: «FMC-QE A New Approach in Quantitative Modeling», Vortrag anl{\"a}sslich: MSV'07- The 2007 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods WorldComp2007, Las Vegas, 28.6.2007. [ZW07b] Zorn, Werner: «FMC-QE, A New Approach in Quantitative Modeling», Ver{\"o}ffentlichung, Hasso-Plattner-Institut f{\"u}r Softwaresystemtechnik an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, 28.6.2007.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Huebner2021,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {H{\"u}bner, Andrea},
  title     = {Ein multityper Verzweigungsprozess als Modell zur Untersuchung der Ausbreitung von Covid-19},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50922},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-509225},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Im Zuge der Covid-19 Pandemie werden zwei Werte t{\"a}glich diskutiert: Die zuletzt gemeldete Zahl der neu Infizierten und die sogenannte Reproduktionsrate. Sie gibt wieder, wie viele weitere Menschen ein an Corona erkranktes Individuum im Durchschnitt ansteckt. F{\"u}r die Sch{\"a}tzung dieses Wertes gibt es viele M{\"o}glichkeiten - auch das Robert Koch-Institut gibt in seinem t{\"a}glichen Situationsbericht stets zwei R-Werte an: Einen 4-Tage-R-Wert und einen weniger schwankenden 7-Tage-R-Wert. Diese Arbeit soll eine weitere M{\"o}glichkeit vorstellen, einige Aspekte der Pandemie zu modellieren und die Reproduktionsrate zu sch{\"a}tzen. In der ersten H{\"a}lfte der Arbeit werden die mathematischen Grundlagen vorgestellt, die man f{\"u}r die Modellierung ben{\"o}tigt. Hierbei wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Leser bereits ein Basisverst{\"a}ndnis von stochastischen Prozessen hat. Im Abschnitt Grundlagen werden Verzweigungsprozesse mit einigen Beispielen eingef{\"u}hrt und die Ergebnisse aus diesem Themengebiet, die f{\"u}r diese Arbeit wichtig sind, pr{\"a}sentiert. Dabei gehen wir zuerst auf einfache Verzweigungsprozesse ein und erweitern diese dann auf Verzweigungsprozesse mit mehreren Typen. Um die Notation zu erleichtern, beschr{\"a}nken wir uns auf zwei Typen. Das Prinzip l{\"a}sst sich aber auf eine beliebige Anzahl von Typen erweitern. Vor allem soll die Wichtigkeit des Parameters λ herausgestellt werden. Dieser Wert kann als durchschnittliche Zahl von Nachfahren eines Individuums interpretiert werden und bestimmt die Dynamik des Prozesses {\"u}ber einen l{\"a}ngeren Zeitraum. In der Anwendung auf die Pandemie hat der Parameter λ die gleiche Rolle wie die Reproduktionsrate R. In der zweiten H{\"a}lfte dieser Arbeit stellen wir eine Anwendung der Theorie {\"u}ber Multitype Verzweigungsprozesse vor. Professor Yanev und seine Mitarbeiter modellieren in ihrer Ver{\"o}ffentlichung Branching stochastic processes as models of Covid-19 epidemic development die Ausbreitung des Corona Virus' {\"u}ber einen Verzweigungsprozess mit zwei Typen. Wir werden dieses Modell diskutieren und Sch{\"a}tzer daraus ableiten: Ziel ist es, die Reproduktionsrate zu ermitteln. Außerdem analysieren wir die M{\"o}glichkeiten, die Dunkelziffer (die Zahl nicht gemeldeter Krankheitsf{\"a}lle) zu sch{\"a}tzen. Wir wenden die Sch{\"a}tzer auf die Zahlen von Deutschland an und werten diese schließlich aus.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Jackisch2007,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Jackisch, Conrad},
  title     = {Towards applied modeling of the human-eco-system an approach of hydrology based integrated modeling of a semi-arid sub-catchment in rural north-west India},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13513},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The development of rural areas concerning food security, sustainability and social-economic stability is key issue to the globalized community. Regarding the current state of climatic change, especially semi-arid regions in uenced by monsoon or El Ni{\~n}o are prone to extreme weather events. Droughts, ooding, erosion, degradation of soils and water quality and deserti cation are some of the common impacts. State of the art in hydrologic environmental modeling is generally operating under a reductionist paradigm (Sivapalan 2005). Even an enormous quantity of process-oriented models exists, we fail in due reproduction of complexly interacting processes in their effective scale in the space-time-continuum, as they are described through deterministic small-scale process theories (e.g. Beven 2002). Yet large amounts of parameters - with partly doubtful physical expression - and input data are needed. In contradiction to that most soft information about patterns and organizing principles cannot be employed (Seibert and McDonnell 2002). For an analysis of possible strategies on the one hand towards integrated hydrologic modeling as decision support and on the other hand for sustainable land use development the 512 km2 large catchment of the Mod river in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India has been chosen. It is characterized by a setting of common problems of peripheral rural semi-arid human-eco-systems with intensive agriculture, deforestation, droughts and general hardship for the people. Scarce data and missing gauges are adding to the requirements of data acquisition and process description. The study at hand presents a methodical framework to combine eld scale data analysis and remote sensing for the setup of a database focusing plausibility over strict data accuracy. The catena-based hydrologic model WASA (G{\"u}ntner 2002) employes this database. It is expanded by a routine for crop development simulation after the de Wit approach (e.g. in Bouman et al. 1996). For its application as decision support system an agentbased land use algorithm is developed which decides on base of site speci cations and certain constraints (like maximum pro t or best local adaptation) about the cropping. The new model is employed to analyze (some) land use strategies. Not anticipated and a priori de ned scenarios will account for the realization of the model but the interactions within the system. This study points out possible approaches to enhance the situation in the catchment. It also approaches central questions of ways towards due integrated hydrological modeling on catchment scale for ungauged conditions and to overcome current paradigms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jankowski2004,
  author    = {Jankowski, \poundsukasz},
  title     = {Modelling and simulation of light propagation in non-aged and aged step-index polymer optical fibres},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001649},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Kunststofflichtwellenleiter (POFs) stellen ein verh{\"a}ltnism{\"a}ßig neues Medium zur optische Datenkommunikation {\"u}ber kurzen Strecken dar. W{\"a}hrend ihrer Einsatzdauer unterliegen POFs unterschiedlichen Arten von Umweltbeanspruchungen, haupts{\"a}chlich durch hohe Temperatur, hohe Feuchtigkeit und mechanischen Belastungen. Zahlreiche experimentelle Forschungen besch{\"a}ftigten sich mit der standardisierten Pr{\"u}fung der Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit von im Handel erh{\"a}ltlichen Fasern. Jedoch gab es bisher wenig Erfolg bei der Bem{\"u}hung, zwei grundlegende optische Erscheinungen, Absorption und Streuung, die die Lichtausbreitung in Fasern stark beeinflussen, zu verstehen und praktisch zu modellieren: Diese beiden Effekte beschreiben nicht nur die Qualit{\"a}t neuer Fasern, sondern sie werden auch stark durch die Alterungsprozess beeinflusst. Der Hauptzweck dieser Doktorarbeit war es, ein praktisch verwendbares und theoretisch gut fundiertes Modell der Lichtausbreitung in nicht gealterten und gealterten POFs zu entwickeln und es durch optische Experimente zu verifizieren. Dabei wurden anwendungsorientierte Aspekte mit theoretischer POF-Modellierung kombiniert. Die Arbeit enth{\"a}lt die erste bekannte Anwendung der Wellenanalyse zur Untersuchung der winkelabh{\"a}ngigen Eigenschaften der Streuung in Lichtwellenleitern. F{\"u}r die praktischen Experimente wurden mehrere POF-Proben unterschiedlicher Hersteller k{\"u}nstlich gealtert, indem sie bis 4500 Stunden bei 100 °C gelagert wurden (ohne Feuchtekontrolle). Die Parameter der jeweiligen Simulationen wurden mittels einer systematischen Optimierung an die gemessen optischen Eigenschaften der gealterten Proben angeglichen. Die Resultate deuten an, dass der {\"U}bertragungsverlust der gealterten Fasern in den ersten Tagen und Wochen der Alterung am st{\"a}rksten durch eine wesentliche physikalische Verschlechterung der Kern-Mantel-Grenzfl{\"a}che verursacht wird. Chemische Effekte des Alterungsprozesses scheinen im Faserkernmaterial zuerst nach einigen Monaten aufzutreten.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Jankowski2004,
  author    = {Jankowski, \poundsukasz},
  title     = {Modelling and simulation of light propagation in non-aged and aged step-index polymer optical fibres. - [{\"u}berarb. Diss.]},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001659},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Kunststofflichtwellenleiter (POFs) stellen ein verh{\"a}ltnism{\"a}ßig neues Medium zur optische Datenkommunikation {\"u}ber kurzen Strecken dar. W{\"a}hrend ihrer Einsatzdauer unterliegen POFs unterschiedlichen Arten von Umweltbeanspruchungen, haupts{\"a}chlich durch hohe Temperatur, hohe Feuchtigkeit und mechanischen Belastungen. Zahlreiche experimentelle Forschungen besch{\"a}ftigten sich mit der standardisierten Pr{\"u}fung der Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit von im Handel erh{\"a}ltlichen Fasern. Jedoch gab es bisher wenig Erfolg bei der Bem{\"u}hung, zwei grundlegende optische Erscheinungen, Absorption und Streuung, die die Lichtausbreitung in Fasern stark beeinflussen, zu verstehen und praktisch zu modellieren: Diese beiden Effekte beschreiben nicht nur die Qualit{\"a}t neuer Fasern, sondern sie werden auch stark durch die Alterungsprozess beeinflusst. Der Hauptzweck dieser Doktorarbeit war es, ein praktisch verwendbares und theoretisch gut fundiertes Modell der Lichtausbreitung in nicht gealterten und gealterten POFs zu entwickeln und es durch optische Experimente zu verifizieren. Dabei wurden anwendungsorientierte Aspekte mit theoretischer POF-Modellierung kombiniert. Die Arbeit enth{\"a}lt die erste bekannte Anwendung der Wellenanalyse zur Untersuchung der winkelabh{\"a}ngigen Eigenschaften der Streuung in Lichtwellenleitern. F{\"u}r die praktischen Experimente wurden mehrere POF-Proben unterschiedlicher Hersteller k{\"u}nstlich gealtert, indem sie bis 4500 Stunden bei 100 °C gelagert wurden (ohne Feuchtekontrolle). Die Parameter der jeweiligen Simulationen wurden mittels einer systematischen Optimierung an die gemessen optischen Eigenschaften der gealterten Proben angeglichen. Die Resultate deuten an, dass der {\"U}bertragungsverlust der gealterten Fasern in den ersten Tagen und Wochen der Alterung am st{\"a}rksten durch eine wesentliche physikalische Verschlechterung der Kern-Mantel-Grenzfl{\"a}che verursacht wird. Chemische Effekte des Alterungsprozesses scheinen im Faserkernmaterial zuerst nach einigen Monaten aufzutreten.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jechow2009,
  author    = {Jechow, Andreas},
  title     = {Tailoring the emission of stripe-array diode lasers with external cavities to enable nonlinear frequency conversion},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-031-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39653},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {ii, 139},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {A huge number of applications require coherent radiation in the visible spectral range. Since diode lasers are very compact and efficient light sources, there exists a great interest to cover these applications with diode laser emission. Despite modern band gap engineering not all wavelengths can be accessed with diode laser radiation. Especially in the visible spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm no emission from diode lasers is available, yet. Nonlinear frequency conversion of near-infrared radiation is a common way to generate coherent emission in the visible spectral range. However, radiation with extraordinary spatial temporal and spectral quality is required to pump frequency conversion. Broad area (BA) diode lasers are reliable high power light sources in the near-infrared spectral range. They belong to the most efficient coherent light sources with electro-optical efficiencies of more than 70\%. Standard BA lasers are not suitable as pump lasers for frequency conversion because of their poor beam quality and spectral properties. For this purpose, tapered lasers and diode lasers with Bragg gratings are utilized. However, these new diode laser structures demand for additional manufacturing and assembling steps that makes their processing challenging and expensive. An alternative to BA diode lasers is the stripe-array architecture. The emitting area of a stripe-array diode laser is comparable to a BA device and the manufacturing of these arrays requires only one additional process step. Such a stripe-array consists of several narrow striped emitters realized with close proximity. Due to the overlap of the fields of neighboring emitters or the presence of leaky waves, a strong coupling between the emitters exists. As a consequence, the emission of such an array is characterized by a so called supermode. However, for the free running stripe-array mode competition between several supermodes occurs because of the lack of wavelength stabilization. This leads to power fluctuations, spectral instabilities and poor beam quality. Thus, it was necessary to study the emission properties of those stripe-arrays to find new concepts to realize an external synchronization of the emitters. The aim was to achieve stable longitudinal and transversal single mode operation with high output powers giving a brightness sufficient for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion. For this purpose a comprehensive analysis of the stripe-array devices was done here. The physical effects that are the origin of the emission characteristics were investigated theoretically and experimentally. In this context numerical models could be verified and extended. A good agreement between simulation and experiment was observed. One way to stabilize a specific supermode of an array is to operate it in an external cavity. Based on mathematical simulations and experimental work, it was possible to design novel external cavities to select a specific supermode and stabilize all emitters of the array at the same wavelength. This resulted in stable emission with 1 W output power, a narrow bandwidth in the range of 2 MHz and a very good beam quality with M²<1.5. This is a new level of brightness and brilliance compared to other BA and stripe-array diode laser systems. The emission from this external cavity diode laser (ECDL) satisfied the requirements for nonlinear frequency conversion. Furthermore, a huge improvement to existing concepts was made. In the next step newly available periodically poled crystals were used for second harmonic generation (SHG) in single pass setups. With the stripe-array ECDL as pump source, more than 140 mW of coherent radiation at 488 nm could be generated with a very high opto-optical conversion efficiency. The generated blue light had very good transversal and longitudinal properties and could be used to generate biphotons by parametric down-conversion. This was feasible because of the improvement made with the infrared stripe-array diode lasers due to the development of new physical concepts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kath2022,
  author    = {Kath, Nadja Jeanette},
  title     = {Functional traits determine biomass dynamics, coexistence and energetics in plankton food webs},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55123},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-551239},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {197},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Plankton food webs are the basis of marine and limnetic ecosystems. Especially aquatic ecosystems of high biodiversity provide important ecosystem services for humankind as providers of food, coastal protection, climate regulation, and tourism. Understanding the dynamics of biomass and coexistence in these food webs is a first step to understanding the ecosystems. It also lays the foundation for the development of management strategies for the maintenance of the marine and freshwater biodiversity despite anthropogenic influences. Natural food webs are highly complex, and thus often equally complex methods are needed to analyse and understand them well. Models can help to do so as they depict simplified parts of reality. In the attempt to get a broader understanding of the complex food webs, diverse methods are used to investigate different questions. In my first project, we compared the energetics of a food chain in two versions of an allometric trophic network model. In particular, we solved the problem of unrealistically high trophic transfer efficiencies (up to 70\%) by accounting for both basal respiration and activity respiration, which decreased the trophic transfer efficiency to realistic values of ≤30\%. Next in my second project I turned to plankton food webs and especially phytoplankton traits. Investigating a long-term data set from Lake Constance we found evidence for a trade-off between defence and growth rate in this natural phytoplankton community. I continued working with this data set in my third project focusing on ciliates, the main grazer of phytoplankton in spring. Boosted regression trees revealed that temperature and predators have the highest influence on net growth rates of ciliates. We finally investigated in my fourth project a food web model inspired by ciliates to explore the coexistence of plastic competitors and to study the new concept of maladaptive switching, which revealed some drawbacks of plasticity: faster adaptation led to higher maladaptive switching towards undefended phenotypes which reduced autotroph biomass and coexistence and increased consumer biomass. It became obvious that even well-established models should be critically questioned as it is important not to forget reality on the way to a simplistic model. The results showed furthermore that long-term data sets are necessary as they can help to disentangle complex natural processes. Last, one should keep in mind that the interplay between models and experiments/ field data can deliver fruitful insights about our complex world.},
  language  = {en}
}