@article{AdemKueteMbavengetal.2018, author = {Adem, Fozia A. and Kuete, Victor and Mbaveng, Armelle T. and Heydenreich, Matthias and Ndakala, Albert and Irungu, Beatrice and Efferth, Thomas and Yenesew, Abiy}, title = {Cytotoxic benzylbenzofuran derivatives from Dorstenia kameruniana}, series = {Fitoterapia}, volume = {128}, journal = {Fitoterapia}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0367-326X}, doi = {10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.019}, pages = {26 -- 30}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Chromatographic separation of the extract of the roots of Dorstenia kameruniana (family Moraceae) led to the isolation of three new benzylbenzofuran derivatives, 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (1), 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran-6-ol (2) and 2-(p-hydroxy)-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzyl)benzofuran-6-ol (3) (named dorsmerunin A, B and C, respectively), along with the known furanocoumarin, bergapten (4). The twigs of Dorstenia kameruniana also produced compounds 1-4 as well as the known chalcone licoagrochalcone A (5). The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds displayed cytotoxicity against the sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, where compounds 4 and 5 had the highest activities (IC50 values of 7.17 mu M and 5.16 mu M, respectively) against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Compound 5 also showed cytotoxicity against 7 sensitive or drug-resistant solid tumor cell lines (breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, glioblastoma), with IC50 below 50 mu M, whilst 4 showed selective activity.}, language = {en} } @article{AgarwalHamidizadehBier2023, author = {Agarwal, Saloni and Hamidizadeh, Mojdeh and Bier, Frank Fabian}, title = {Detection of reverse transcriptase LAMP-amplified nucleic acid from oropharyngeal viral swab samples using biotinylated DNA probes through a lateral flow assay}, series = {Biosensors : open access journal}, volume = {13}, journal = {Biosensors : open access journal}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-6374}, doi = {10.3390/bios13110988}, pages = {15}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This study focuses on three key aspects: (a) crude throat swab samples in a viral transport medium (VTM) as templates for RT-LAMP reactions; (b) a biotinylated DNA probe with enhanced specificity for LFA readouts; and (c) a digital semi-quantification of LFA readouts. Throat swab samples from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients were used in their crude (no cleaning or pre-treatment) forms for the RT-LAMP reaction. The samples were heat-inactivated but not treated for any kind of nucleic acid extraction or purification. The RT-LAMP (20 min processing time) product was read out by an LFA approach using two labels: FITC and biotin. FITC was enzymatically incorporated into the RT-LAMP amplicon with the LF-LAMP primer, and biotin was introduced using biotinylated DNA probes, specifically for the amplicon region after RT-LAMP amplification. This assay setup with biotinylated DNA probe-based LFA readouts of the RT-LAMP amplicon was 98.11\% sensitive and 96.15\% specific. The LFA result was further analysed by a smartphone-based IVD device, wherein the T-line intensity was recorded. The LFA T-line intensity was then correlated with the qRT-PCR Ct value of the positive swab samples. A digital semi-quantification of RT-LAMP-LFA was reported with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.702. The overall RT-LAMP-LFA assay time was recorded to be 35 min with a LoD of three RNA copies/µL (Ct-33). With these three advancements, the nucleic acid testing-point of care technique (NAT-POCT) is exemplified as a versatile biosensor platform with great potential and applicability for the detection of pathogens without the need for sample storage, transportation, or pre-processing.}, language = {en} } @article{AgarwalWarmtHenkeletal.2022, author = {Agarwal, Saloni and Warmt, Christian and Henkel, J{\"o}rg and Schrick, Livia and Nitsche, Andreas and Bier, Frank Fabian}, title = {Lateral flow-based nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 using enzymatic incorporation of biotin-labeled dUTP for POCT use}, series = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica}, volume = {414}, journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica}, number = {10}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1618-2642}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-022-03880-4}, pages = {3177 -- 3186}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The degree of detrimental effects inflicted on mankind by the COVID-19 pandemic increased the need to develop ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable) POCT (point of care testing) to overcome the current and any future pandemics. Much effort in research and development is currently advancing the progress to overcome the diagnostic pressure built up by emerging new pathogens. LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) is a well-researched isothermal technique for specific nucleic acid amplification which can be combined with a highly sensitive immunochromatographic readout via lateral flow assays (LFA). Here we discuss LAMP-LFA robustness, sensitivity, and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 N-gene detection in cDNA and clinical swab-extracted RNA samples. The LFA readout is designed to produce highly specific results by incorporation of biotin and FITC labels to 11-dUTP and LF (loop forming forward) primer, respectively. The LAMP-LFA assay was established using cDNA for N-gene with an accuracy of 95.65\%. To validate the study, 82 SARS-CoV-2-positive RNA samples were tested. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-LAMP-LFA was positive for the RNA samples with an accuracy of 81.66\%; SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected by RT-LAMP-LFA for as low as CT-33. Our method reduced the detection time to 15 min and indicates therefore that RT-LAMP in combination with LFA represents a promising nucleic acid biosensing POCT platform that combines with smartphone based semi-quantitative data analysis.}, language = {en} } @article{AgneNaylorPreicketal.2022, author = {Agne, Stefanie and Naylor, Gavin J. P. and Preick, Michaela and Yang, Lei and Thiel, Ralf and Weigmann, Simon and Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Barlow, Axel and Hofreiter, Michael and Straube, Nicolas}, title = {Taxonomic identification of two poorly known lantern shark species based on mitochondrial DNA from wet-collection paratypes}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2022.910009}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Etmopteridae (lantern sharks) is the most species-rich family of sharks, comprising more than 50 species. Many species are described from few individuals, and re-collection of specimens is often hindered by the remoteness of their sampling sites. For taxonomic studies, comparative morphological analysis of type specimens housed in natural history collections has been the main source of evidence. In contrast, DNA sequence information has rarely been used. Most lantern shark collection specimens, including the types, were formalin fixed before long-term storage in ethanol solutions. The DNA damage caused by both fixation and preservation of specimens has excluded these specimens from DNA sequence-based phylogenetic analyses so far. However, recent advances in the field of ancient DNA have allowed recovery of wet-collection specimen DNA sequence data. Here we analyse archival mitochondrial DNA sequences, obtained using ancient DNA approaches, of two wet-collection lantern shark paratype specimens, namely Etmopterus litvinovi and E. pycnolepis, for which the type series represent the only known individuals. Target capture of mitochondrial markers from single-stranded DNA libraries allows for phylogenetic placement of both species. Our results suggest synonymy of E. benchleyi with E. litvinovi but support the species status of E. pycnolepis. This revised taxonomy is helpful for future conservation and management efforts, as our results indicate a larger distribution range of E. litvinovi. This study further demonstrates the importance of wet-collection type specimens as genetic resource for taxonomic research.}, language = {en} } @article{AgnePreickStraubeetal.2022, author = {Agne, Stefanie and Preick, Michaela and Straube, Nicolas and Hofreiter, Michael}, title = {Simultaneous Barcode Sequencing of Diverse Museum Collection Specimens Using a Mixed RNA Bait Set}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2022.909846}, pages = {5}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A growing number of publications presenting results from sequencing natural history collection specimens reflect the importance of DNA sequence information from such samples. Ancient DNA extraction and library preparation methods in combination with target gene capture are a way of unlocking archival DNA, including from formalin-fixed wet-collection material. Here we report on an experiment, in which we used an RNA bait set containing baits from a wide taxonomic range of species for DNA hybridisation capture of nuclear and mitochondrial targets for analysing natural history collection specimens. The bait set used consists of 2,492 mitochondrial and 530 nuclear RNA baits and comprises specific barcode loci of diverse animal groups including both invertebrates and vertebrates. The baits allowed to capture DNA sequence information of target barcode loci from 84\% of the 37 samples tested, with nuclear markers being captured more frequently and consensus sequences of these being more complete compared to mitochondrial markers. Samples from dry material had a higher rate of success than wet-collection specimens, although target sequence information could be captured from 50\% of formalin-fixed samples. Our study illustrates how efforts to obtain barcode sequence information from natural history collection specimens may be combined and are a way of implementing barcoding inventories of scientific collection material.}, language = {en} } @article{AhmedReynaGonzalezSchmidetal.2017, author = {Ahmed, Muhammad N. and Reyna-Gonzalez, Emmanuel and Schmid, Bianca and Wiebach, Vincent and Suessmuth, Roderich D. and Dittmann, Elke and Fewer, David P.}, title = {Phylogenomic Analysis of the Microviridin Biosynthetic Pathway Coupled with Targeted Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis Yields Potent Protease Inhibitors}, series = {ACS chemical biology}, volume = {12}, journal = {ACS chemical biology}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1554-8929}, doi = {10.1021/acschembio.7b00124}, pages = {1538 -- 1546}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Natural products and their semisynthetic derivatives are an important source of drugs for the pharmaceutical industry. Bacteria are prolific producers of natural products and encode a vast diversity of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters. However, much of this diversity is inaccessible to natural product discovery. Here, we use a combination of phylogenomic analysis of the microviridin biosynthetic pathway and chemo-enzymatic synthesis of bioinformatically predicted microviridins to yield new protease inhibitors. Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that microviridin biosynthetic gene clusters occur across the bacterial domain and encode three distinct subtypes of precursor peptides. Our analysis shed light on the evolution of microviridin biosynthesis and enabled prioritization of their chemo-enzymatic production. Targeted one-pot synthesis of four microviridins encoded by the cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. PCC 7822 identified a set of novel and potent serine protease inhibitors, the most active of which had an IC50 value of 21.5 nM. This study advances the genome mining techniques available for natural product discovery and obviates the need to culture bacteria.}, language = {en} } @article{AichnerDubbertKieletal.2022, author = {Aichner, Bernhard and Dubbert, David and Kiel, Christine and Kohnert, Katrin and Ogashawara, Igor and Jechow, Andreas and Harpenslager, Sarah-Faye and H{\"o}lker, Franz and Nejstgaard, Jens Christian and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Singer, Gabriel and Wollrab, Sabine and Berger, Stella Angela}, title = {Spatial and seasonal patterns of water isotopes in northeastern German lakes}, series = {Earth system science data : ESSD}, volume = {14}, journal = {Earth system science data : ESSD}, number = {4}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1866-3508}, doi = {10.5194/essd-14-1857-2022}, pages = {1857 -- 1867}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Water stable isotopes (delta O-18 and delta H-2) were analyzed in samples collected in lakes, associated with riverine systems in northeastern Germany, throughout 2020. The dataset (Aichner et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935633) is derived from water samples collected at (a) lake shores (sampled in March and July 2020), (b) buoys which were temporarily installed in deep parts of the lake (sampled monthly from March to October 2020), (c) multiple spatially distributed spots in four selected lakes (in September 2020), and (d) the outflow of Muggelsee (sampled biweekly from March 2020 to January 2021). At shores, water was sampled with a pipette from 40-60 cm below the water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial, while at buoys a Limnos water sampler was used to obtain samples from 1 m below the surface. Isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer, with a measurement uncertainty of < 0.15 parts per thousand (delta O-18) and < 0.0 parts per thousand (delta H-2). The data give information about the vegetation period and the full seasonal isotope amplitude in the sampled lakes and about spatial isotope variability in different branches of the associated riverine systems.}, language = {en} } @article{AksuFrascaWollenbergeretal.2011, author = {Aksu, Yilmaz and Frasca, Stefano and Wollenberger, Ursula and Driess, Matthias and Thomas, Arne}, title = {A molecular precursor approach to tunable porous tin-rich indium tin oxide with durable high electrical conductivity for bioelectronic devices}, series = {Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {23}, journal = {Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0897-4756}, doi = {10.1021/cm103087p}, pages = {1798 -- 1804}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The preparation of porous, i.e., high surface area electrodes from transparent conducting oxides, is a valuable goal in materials chemistry as such electrodes can enable further development of optoelectronic, electrocatalytic, or bioelectronic devices. In this work the first tin-rich mesoporous indium tin oxide is prepared using the molecular heterobimetallic single-source precursor, indium tin tris-tert-butoxide, together with an appropriate structure-directing template, yielding materials with high surface areas and tailorable pore size. The resulting mesoporous tin-rich ITO films show a high and durable electrical conductivity and transparency, making them interesting materials for hosting electroactive biomolecules such as proteins. In fact, its unique performance in bioelectronic applications has been demonstrated by immobilization of high amounts of cytochrome c into the mesoporous film which undergo redox processes directly with the conductive electrode material.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbersUestuenWitzeletal.2019, author = {Albers, Philip and {\"U}st{\"u}n, Suayib and Witzel, Katja and Kraner, Max Erdmund and B{\"o}rnke, Frederik}, title = {A Remorin from Nicotiana benthamiana Interacts with the Pseudomonas Type-III Effector Protein HopZ1a and is Phosphorylated by the Immune-Related Kinase PBS1}, series = {Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions}, volume = {32}, journal = {Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions}, number = {9}, publisher = {Amer phytopathological SOC}, address = {ST Paul}, issn = {0894-0282}, doi = {10.1094/MPMI-04-19-0105-R}, pages = {1229 -- 1242}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The plasma membrane (PM) is at the interface of plant-pathogen interactions and, thus, many bacterial type-III effector (T3E) proteins target membrane-associated processes to interfere with immunity. The Pseudomonas syringae T3E HopZ1a is a host cell PM-localized effector protein that has several immunity-associated host targets but also activates effector-triggered immunity in resistant backgrounds. Although HopZ1a has been shown to interfere with early defense signaling at the PM, no dedicated PM-associated HopZ1a target protein has been identified until now. Here, we show that HopZ1a interacts with the PM-associated remorin protein NbREM4 from Nicotiana benthamiana in several independent assays. NbREM4 relocalizes to membrane nanodomains after treatment with the bacterial elicitor flg22 and transient overexpression of NbREM4 in N. benthamiana induces the expression of a subset of defense-related genes. We can further show that NbREM4 interacts with the immune-related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase avrPphB-susceptible 1 (PBS1) and is phosphorylated by PBS1 on several residues in vitro. Thus, we conclude that NbREM4 is associated with early defense signaling at the PM. The possible relevance of the HopZ1a-NbREM4 interaction for HopZ1a virulence and avirulence functions is discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbertAuffretCosynsetal.2015, author = {Albert, Aurelie and Auffret, Alistair G. and Cosyns, Eric and Cousins, Sara A. O. and Eichberg, Carsten and Eycott, Amy E. and Heinken, Thilo and Hoffmann, Maurice and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Malo, Juan E. and Marell, Anders and Mouissie, Maarten and Pakeman, Robin J. and Picard, Melanie and Plue, Jan and Poschlod, Peter and Provoost, Sam and Schulze, Kiowa Alraune and Baltzinger, Christophe}, title = {Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter: a trait-based meta-analysis}, series = {Oikos}, volume = {124}, journal = {Oikos}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0030-1299}, doi = {10.1111/oik.02512}, pages = {1109 -- 1120}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Plant communities are often dispersal-limited and zoochory can be an efficient mechanism for plants to colonize new patches of potentially suitable habitat. We predicted that seed dispersal by ungulates acts as an ecological filter - which differentially affects individuals according to their characteristics and shapes species assemblages - and that the filter varies according to the dispersal mechanism (endozoochory, fur-epizoochory and hoof-epizoochory). We conducted two-step individual participant data meta-analyses of 52 studies on plant dispersal by ungulates in fragmented landscapes, comparing eight plant traits and two habitat indicators between dispersed and non-dispersed plants. We found that ungulates dispersed at least 44\% of the available plant species. Moreover, some plant traits and habitat indicators increased the likelihood for plant of being dispersed. Persistent or nitrophilous plant species from open habitats or bearing dry or elongated diaspores were more likely to be dispersed by ungulates, whatever the dispersal mechanism. In addition, endozoochory was more likely for diaspores bearing elongated appendages whereas epizoochory was more likely for diaspores released relatively high in vegetation. Hoof-epizoochory was more likely for light diaspores without hooked appendages. Fur-epizoochory was more likely for diaspores with appendages, particularly elongated or hooked ones. We thus observed a gradient of filtering effect among the three dispersal mechanisms. Endozoochory had an effect of rather weak intensity (impacting six plant characteristics with variations between ungulate-dispersed and non-dispersed plant species mostly below 25\%), whereas hoof-epizoochory had a stronger effect (eight characteristics included five ones with above 75\% variation), and fur-epizoochory an even stronger one (nine characteristics included six ones with above 75\% variation). Our results demonstrate that seed dispersal by ungulates is an ecological filter whose intensity varies according to the dispersal mechanism considered. Ungulates can thus play a key role in plant community dynamics and have implications for plant spatial distribution patterns at multiple scales.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbertGrasseinSchurretal.2011, author = {Albert, C{\´e}cile H. and Grassein, Fabrice and Schurr, Frank Martin and Vieilledent, Ghislain and Violle, Cyrille}, title = {When and how should intraspecific variability be considered in trait-based plant ecology?}, series = {Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics}, volume = {13}, journal = {Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Jena}, issn = {1433-8319}, doi = {10.1016/j.ppees.2011.04.003}, pages = {217 -- 225}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Trait-based studies have become extremely common in plant ecology. Trait-based approaches often rely on the tacit assumption that intraspecific trait variability (ITV) is negligible compared to interspecific variability, so that species can be characterized by mean trait values. Yet, numerous recent studies have challenged this assumption by showing that ITV significantly affects various ecological processes. Accounting for ITV may thus strengthen trait-based approaches, but measuring trait values on a large number of individuals per species and site is not feasible. Therefore, it is important and timely to synthesize existing knowledge on ITV in order to (1) decide critically when ITV should be considered, and (2) establish methods for incorporating this variability. Here we propose a practical set of rules to identify circumstances under which ITV should be accounted for. We formulate a spatial trait variance partitioning hypothesis to highlight the spatial scales at which ITV cannot be ignored in ecological studies. We then refine a set of four consecutive questions on the research question, the spatial scale, the sampling design, and the type of studied traits, to determine case-by-case if a given study should quantify ITV and test its effects. We review methods for quantifying ITV and develop a step-by-step guideline to design and interpret simulation studies that test for the importance of ITV. Even in the absence of quantitative knowledge on ITV, its effects can be assessed by varying trait values within species within realistic bounds around the known mean values. We finish with a discussion of future requirements to further incorporate ITV within trait-based approaches. This paper thus delineates a general framework to account for ITV and suggests a direction towards a more quantitative trait-based ecology.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbertiGonzalezPaijmansetal.2018, author = {Alberti, Federica and Gonzalez, Javier and Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Basler, Nikolas and Preick, Michaela and Henneberger, Kirstin and Trinks, Alexandra and Rabeder, Gernot and Conard, Nicholas J. and Muenzel, Susanne C. and Joger, Ulrich and Fritsch, Guido and Hildebrandt, Thomas and Hofreiter, Michael and Barlow, Axel}, title = {Optimized DNA sampling of ancient bones using Computed Tomography scans}, series = {Molecular ecology resources}, volume = {18}, journal = {Molecular ecology resources}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1755-098X}, doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.12911}, pages = {1196 -- 1208}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The prevalence of contaminant microbial DNA in ancient bone samples represents the principal limiting factor for palaeogenomic studies, as it may comprise more than 99\% of DNA molecules obtained. Efforts to exclude or reduce this contaminant fraction have been numerous but also variable in their success. Here, we present a simple but highly effective method to increase the relative proportion of endogenous molecules obtained from ancient bones. Using computed tomography (CT) scanning, we identify the densest region of a bone as optimal for sampling. This approach accurately identifies the densest internal regions of petrous bones, which are known to be a source of high-purity ancient DNA. For ancient long bones, CT scans reveal a high-density outermost layer, which has been routinely removed and discarded prior to DNA extraction. For almost all long bones investigated, we find that targeted sampling of this outermost layer provides an increase in endogenous DNA content over that obtained from softer, trabecular bone. This targeted sampling can produce as much as 50-fold increase in the proportion of endogenous DNA, providing a directly proportional reduction in sequencing costs for shotgun sequencing experiments. The observed increases in endogenous DNA proportion are not associated with any reduction in absolute endogenous molecule recovery. Although sampling the outermost layer can result in higher levels of human contamination, some bones were found to have more contamination associated with the internal bone structures. Our method is highly consistent, reproducible and applicable across a wide range of bone types, ages and species. We predict that this discovery will greatly extend the potential to study ancient populations and species in the genomics era.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbrechtGrevePuschetal.1998, author = {Albrecht, Tanja and Greve, Burkhard and Pusch, Kerstin and Koßmann, Jens and Buchner, Peter and Wobus, Ulrich and Steup, Martin}, title = {Homo- and Heterodimers of Pho1-Type Phosphorylase Isoforms in Solanum tuberosum L. as Revealed by Sequence- Specific Antibodies}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{AlbrechtHaebelKochetal.2004, author = {Albrecht, Tanja and Haebel, Sophie and Koch, Anke and Krause, Ulrike and Eckermann, Nora and Steup, Martin}, title = {Yeast glycogenin (Glg2p) produced in Escherichia coli is simultaneously glucosylated at two vicinal tyrosin residues but results in a reduced bacterial glycogen accumulation}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses two glycogenin isoforms (designated as Glg1p and Glg2p) that both contain a conserved tyrosine residue, Tyr232. However, Glg2p possesses an additional tyrosine residue, Tyr230 and therefore two potential autoglucosylation sites. Glucosylation of Glg2p was studied using both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Glg2p, carrying a C-terminal (His(6)) tag, was produced in Escherichia coli and purified. By tryptic digestion and reversed phase chromatography a peptide (residues 219-246 of the complete Glg2p sequence) was isolated that contained 4-25 glucosyl residues. Following incubation of Glg2p with UDPglucose, more than 36 glucosyl residues were covalently bound to this peptide. Using a combination of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the protein backbone, enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds and reversed phase chromatography, mono- and diglucosylated peptides having the sequence PNYGYQSSPAM were generated. MS/MS spectra revealed that glucosyl residues were attached to both Tyr232 and Tyr230 within the same peptide. The formation of the highly glucosylated eukaryotic Glg2p did not favour the bacterial glycogen accumulation. Under various experimental conditions Glg2p-producing cells accumulated approximately 30\% less glycogen than a control transformed with a Glg2p lacking plasmid. The size distribution of the glycogen and extractable activities of several glycogen-related enzymes were essentially unchanged. As revealed by high performance anion exchange chromatography, the intracellular maltooligosaccharide pattern of the bacterial cells expressing the functional eukaryotic transgene was significantly altered. Thus, the eukaryotic glycogenin appears to be incompatible with the bacterial initiation of glycogen biosynthesis}, language = {en} } @article{AlbrechtKochLodeetal.2001, author = {Albrecht, Tanja and Koch, Anke and Lode, Anja and Greve, Burkhard and Schneider-Mergener, Jens and Steup, Martin}, title = {Plastidic (Pho1-type) phosphorylase isoforms in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants : expression analysis and immunochemical characterization}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{AleAghaBolayBraunetal.2004, author = {Ale-Agha, Nosratollah and Bolay, Adrien and Braun, Uwe and Jage, Horst and Kummer, Volker and Lebeda, Ales and Piatek, Marcin and Shin, Hyeon-Dong and Zimmermannova-Pastircakova, Katarina}, title = {Erysiphe catalpae and E. elevata in Europe}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{AliRungeDutbayevetal.2016, author = {Ali, Tahir and Runge, Fabian and Dutbayev, Ayan and Schmuker, Angelika and Solovyeva, Irina and Nigrelli, Lisa and Buch, Ann-Katrin and Xia, Xiaojuan and Ploch, Sebastian and Orren, Ouria and Kummer, Volker and Paule, Juraj and Celik, Ali and Vakhrusheva, Ljudmila and Gabrielyan, Ivan and Thines, Marco}, title = {Microthlaspi erraticum (Jord.) T. Ali et Thines has a wide distribution, ranging from the Alps to the Tien Shan}, series = {Flora : morphology, distribution, functional ecology of plants}, volume = {225}, journal = {Flora : morphology, distribution, functional ecology of plants}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Jena}, issn = {0367-2530}, doi = {10.1016/j.flora.2016.09.008}, pages = {76 -- 81}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Microthlaspi is a predominantly Eurasian genus which also occurs in the northernmost parts of Africa (Maghreb). The most widespread species of the genus is M. perfoliatum, which can be found from Sweden to Algeria and from Portugal to China. The other species are thought to have much more confined distribution ranges, often covering only a few hundred kilometres. This is also believed for the diploid M. erraticum, which was recently re-appraised as a taxon independent from the tetra- to hexaploid M. perfoliatum. Previously, M. erraticum was believed to be present only in Central Europe, from the East of France to Slovenia. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ecology, evolution and migration history of Microthlaspi it was the focus of the current study to investigate, if M. erraticum is present in habitats outside Central Europe, but with microclimates similar to Central Europe. It is demonstrated that M. erraticum is much more widespread than previously thought, while other lineages apart from M. perfoliatum s.str. and M. erraticum seem to have restricted distribution ranges. The latter species was observed from the Alps and their foreland, the Balkans, the mountainous areas around the Black Sea, Southern Siberia, as well as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains. This demonstrates a widespread occurrence of this easily-overlooked species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{AlkerSchwerdtleSchomburgetal.2019, author = {Alker, Wiebke and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Schomburg, Lutz and Haase, Hajo}, title = {A Zinpyr-1-based Fluorimetric Microassay for Free Zinc in Human Serum}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {20}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {16}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1661-6596}, doi = {10.3390/ijms20164006}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Zinc is an essential trace element, making it crucial to have a reliable biomarker for evaluating an individual's zinc status. The total serum zinc concentration, which is presently the most commonly used biomarker, is not ideal for this purpose, but a superior alternative is still missing. The free zinc concentration, which describes the fraction of zinc that is only loosely bound and easily exchangeable, has been proposed for this purpose, as it reflects the highly bioavailable part of serum zinc. This report presents a fluorescence-based method for determining the free zinc concentration in human serum samples, using the fluorescent probe Zinpyr-1. The assay has been applied on 154 commercially obtained human serum samples. Measured free zinc concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 nM with a mean of 0.22 ± 0.05 nM. It did not correlate with age or the total serum concentrations of zinc, manganese, iron or selenium. A negative correlation between the concentration of free zinc and total copper has been seen for sera from females. In addition, the free zinc concentration in sera from females (0.21 ± 0.05 nM) was significantly lower than in males (0.23 ± 0.06 nM). The assay uses a sample volume of less than 10 µL, is rapid and cost-effective and allows us to address questions regarding factors influencing the free serum zinc concentration, its connection with the body's zinc status, and its suitability as a future biomarker for an individual's zinc status.}, language = {en} } @article{AllanBossdorfDormannetal.2014, author = {Allan, Eric and Bossdorf, Oliver and Dormann, Carsten F. and Prati, Daniel and Gossner, Martin M. and Tscharntke, Teja and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and Bellach, Michaela and Birkhofer, Klaus and Boch, Steffen and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and B{\"o}rschig, Carmen and Chatzinotas, Antonis and Christ, Sabina and Daniel, Rolf and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Fischer, Christiane and Friedl, Thomas and Glaser, Karin and Hallmann, Christine and Hodac, Ladislav and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Krauss, Jochen and Lange, Markus and Morris, E. Kathryn and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Nacke, Heiko and Pasalic, Esther and Rillig, Matthias C. and Rothenwoehrer, Christoph and Schally, Peter and Scherber, Christoph and Schulze, Waltraud X. and Socher, Stephanie A. and Steckel, Juliane and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Weiner, Christiane N. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Gockel, Sonja and Gorke, Martin and Hemp, Andreas and Renner, Swen C. and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Pfeiffer, Simone and K{\"o}nig-Ries, Birgitta and Buscot, Francois and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {111}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {1}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312213111}, pages = {308 -- 313}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18\% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31\% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.}, language = {en} } @article{AllanManningAltetal.2015, author = {Allan, Eric and Manning, Pete and Alt, Fabian and Binkenstein, Julia and Blaser, Stefan and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and B{\"o}hm, Stefan and Grassein, Fabrice and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Morris, E. Kathryn and Oelmann, Yvonne and Prati, Daniel and Renner, Swen C. and Rillig, Matthias C. and Schaefer, Martin and Schloter, Michael and Schmitt, Barbara and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Solly, Emily and Sorkau, Elisabeth and Steckel, Juliane and Steffen-Dewenter, Ingolf and Stempfhuber, Barbara and Tschapka, Marco and Weiner, Christiane N. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Werner, Michael and Westphal, Catrin and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition}, series = {Ecology letters}, volume = {18}, journal = {Ecology letters}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1461-023X}, doi = {10.1111/ele.12469}, pages = {834 -- 843}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Global change, especially land-use intensification, affects human well-being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real-world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land-use intensity. We also introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to realistic land-use objectives. We found that indirect land-use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average. Their strength varied with land-use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land-use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts, towards fast-growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.}, language = {en} }