@phdthesis{Swierczynski2012,
  author    = {Swierczynski, Tina},
  title     = {A 7000 yr runoff chronology from varved sediments of Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66702},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The potential increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme floods is currently discussed in terms of global warming and the intensification of the hydrological cycle. The profound knowledge of past natural variability of floods is of utmost importance in order to assess flood risk for the future. Since instrumental flood series cover only the last ~150 years, other approaches to reconstruct historical and pre-historical flood events are needed. Annually laminated (varved) lake sediments are meaningful natural geoarchives because they provide continuous records of environmental changes > 10000 years down to a seasonal resolution. Since lake basins additionally act as natural sediment traps, the riverine sediment supply, which is preserved as detrital event layers in the lake sediments, can be used as a proxy for extreme discharge events. Within my thesis I examined a ~ 8.50 m long sedimentary record from the pre-Alpine Lake Mondsee (Northeast European Alps), which covered the last 7000 years. This sediment record consists of calcite varves and intercalated detrital layers, which range in thickness from 0.05 to 32 mm. Detrital layer deposition was analysed by a combined method of microfacies analysis via thin sections, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), μX-ray fluorescence (μXRF) scanning and magnetic susceptibility. This approach allows characterizing individual detrital event layers and assigning a corresponding input mechanism and catchment. Based on varve counting and controlled by 14C age dates, the main goals of this thesis are (i) to identify seasonal runoff processes, which lead to significant sediment supply from the catchment into the lake basin and (ii) to investigate flood frequency under changing climate boundary conditions. This thesis follows a line of different time slices, presenting an integrative approach linking instrumental and historical flood data from Lake Mondsee in order to evaluate the flood record inferred from Lake Mondsee sediments. The investigation of eleven short cores covering the last 100 years reveals the abundance of 12 detrital layers. Therein, two types of detrital layers are distinguished by grain size, geochemical composition and distribution pattern within the lake basin. Detrital layers, which are enriched in siliciclastic and dolomitic material, reveal sediment supply from the Flysch sediments and Northern Calcareous Alps into the lake basin. These layers are thicker in the northern lake basin (0.1-3.9 mm) and thinner in the southern lake basin (0.05-1.6 mm). Detrital layers, which are enriched in dolomitic components forming graded detrital layers (turbidites), indicate the provenance from the Northern Calcareous Alps. These layers are generally thicker (0.65-32 mm) and are solely recorded within the southern lake basin. In comparison with instrumental data, thicker graded layers result from local debris flow events in summer, whereas thin layers are deposited during regional flood events in spring/summer. Extreme summer floods as reported from flood layer deposition are principally caused by cyclonic activity from the Mediterranean Sea, e.g. July 1954, July 1997 and August 2002. During the last two millennia, Lake Mondsee sediments reveal two significant flood intervals with decadal-scale flood episodes, during the Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP) and the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) into the Little Ice Age (LIA) suggesting a linkage of transition to climate cooling and summer flood recurrences in the Northeastern Alps. In contrast, intermediate or decreased flood episodes appeared during the MWP and the LIA. This indicates a non-straightforward relationship between temperature and flood recurrence, suggesting higher cyclonic activity during climate transition in the Northeast Alps. The 7000-year flood chronology reveals 47 debris flows and 269 floods, with increased flood activity shifting around 3500 and 1500 varve yr BP (varve yr BP = varve years before present, before present = AD 1950). This significant increase in flood activity shows a coincidence with millennial-scale climate cooling that is reported from main Alpine glacier advances and lower tree lines in the European Alps since about 3300 cal. yr BP (calibrated years before present). Despite relatively low flood occurrence prior to 1500 varve yr BP, floods at Lake Mondsee could have also influenced human life in early Neolithic lake dwellings (5750-4750 cal. yr BP). While the first lake dwellings were constructed on wetlands, the later lake dwellings were built on piles in the water suggesting an early flood risk adaptation of humans and/or a general change of the Late Neolithic Culture of lake-dwellers because of socio-economic reasons. However, a direct relationship between the final abandonment of the lake dwellings and higher flood frequencies is not evidenced.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Klar2012,
  author    = {Klar, Jochen},
  title     = {A detailed view of filaments and sheets of the warm-hot intergalactic medium},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58038},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In the context of cosmological structure formation sheets, filaments and eventually halos form due to gravitational instabilities. It is noteworthy, that at all times, the majority of the baryons in the universe does not reside in the dense halos but in the filaments and the sheets of the intergalactic medium. While at higher redshifts of z > 2, these baryons can be detected via the absorption of light (originating from more distant sources) by neutral hydrogen at temperatures of T ~ 10^4 K (the Lyman-alpha forest), at lower redshifts only about 20 \% can be found in this state. The remain (about 50 to 70 \% of the total baryons mass) is unaccounted for by observational means. Numerical simulations predict that these missing baryons could reside in the filaments and sheets of the cosmic web at high temperatures of T = 10^4.5 - 10^7 K, but only at low to intermediate densities, and constitutes the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). The high temperatures of the WHIM are caused by the formation of shocks and the subsequent shock-heating of the gas. This results in a high degree of ionization and renders the reliable detection of the WHIM a challenging task. Recent high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations indicate that, at redshifts of z ~ 2, filaments are able to provide very massive galaxies with a significant amount of cool gas at temperatures of T ~ 10^4 K. This could have an important impact on the star-formation in those galaxies. It is therefore of principle importance to investigate the particular hydro- and thermodynamical conditions of these large filament structures. Density and temperature profiles, and velocity fields, are expected to leave their special imprint on spectroscopic observations. A potential multiphase structure may act as tracer in observational studies of the WHIM. In the context of cold streams, it is important to explore the processes, which regulate the amount of gas transported by the streams. This includes the time evolution of filaments, as well as possible quenching mechanisms. In this context, the halo mass range in which cold stream accretion occurs is of particular interest. In order to address these questions, we perform particular hydrodynamical simulations of very high resolution, and investigate the formation and evolution of prototype structures representing the typical filaments and sheets of the WHIM. We start with a comprehensive study of the one-dimensional collapse of a sinusoidal density perturbation (pancake formation) and examine the influence of radiative cooling, heating due to an UV background, thermal conduction, and the effect of small-scale perturbations given by the cosmological power spectrum. We use a set of simulations, parametrized by the wave length of the initial perturbation L. For L ~ 2 Mpc/h the collapse leads to shock-confined structures. As a result of radiative cooling and of heating due to an UV background, a relatively cold and dense core forms. With increasing L the core becomes denser and more concentrated. Thermal conduction enhances this trend and may lead to an evaporation of the core at very large L ~ 30 Mpc/h. When extending our simulations into three dimensions, instead of a pancake structure, we obtain a configuration consisting of well-defined sheets, filaments, and a gaseous halo. For L > 4 Mpc/h filaments form, which are fully confined by an accretion shock. As with the one-dimensional pancakes, they exhibit an isothermal core. Thus, our results confirm a multiphase structure, which may generate particular spectral tracers. We find that, after its formation, the core becomes shielded against further infall of gas onto the filament, and its mass content decreases with time. In the vicinity of the halo, the filament's core can be attributed to the cold streams found in other studies. We show, that the basic structure of these cold streams exists from the very beginning of the collapse process. Further on, the cross section of the streams is constricted by the outwards moving accretion shock of the halo. Thermal conduction leads to a complete evaporation of the cold stream for L > 6 Mpc/h. This corresponds to halos with a total mass higher than M_halo = 10^13 M_sun, and predicts that in more massive halos star-formation can not be sustained by cold streams. Far away from the gaseous halo, the temperature gradients in the filament are not sufficiently strong for thermal conduction to be effective.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sawade2012,
  author    = {Sawade, Christoph},
  title     = {Active evaluation of predictive models},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-255-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65583},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {ix, 157},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The field of machine learning studies algorithms that infer predictive models from data. Predictive models are applicable for many practical tasks such as spam filtering, face and handwritten digit recognition, and personalized product recommendation. In general, they are used to predict a target label for a given data instance. In order to make an informed decision about the deployment of a predictive model, it is crucial to know the model's approximate performance. To evaluate performance, a set of labeled test instances is required that is drawn from the distribution the model will be exposed to at application time. In many practical scenarios, unlabeled test instances are readily available, but the process of labeling them can be a time- and cost-intensive task and may involve a human expert. This thesis addresses the problem of evaluating a given predictive model accurately with minimal labeling effort. We study an active model evaluation process that selects certain instances of the data according to an instrumental sampling distribution and queries their labels. We derive sampling distributions that minimize estimation error with respect to different performance measures such as error rate, mean squared error, and F-measures. An analysis of the distribution that governs the estimator leads to confidence intervals, which indicate how precise the error estimation is. Labeling costs may vary across different instances depending on certain characteristics of the data. For instance, documents differ in their length, comprehensibility, and technical requirements; these attributes affect the time a human labeler needs to judge relevance or to assign topics. To address this, the sampling distribution is extended to incorporate instance-specific costs. We empirically study conditions under which the active evaluation processes are more accurate than a standard estimate that draws equally many instances from the test distribution. We also address the problem of comparing the risks of two predictive models. The standard approach would be to draw instances according to the test distribution, label the selected instances, and apply statistical tests to identify significant differences. Drawing instances according to an instrumental distribution affects the power of a statistical test. We derive a sampling procedure that maximizes test power when used to select instances, and thereby minimizes the likelihood of choosing the inferior model. Furthermore, we investigate the task of comparing several alternative models; the objective of an evaluation could be to rank the models according to the risk that they incur or to identify the model with lowest risk. An experimental study shows that the active procedure leads to higher test power than the standard test in many application domains. Finally, we study the problem of evaluating the performance of ranking functions, which are used for example for web search. In practice, ranking performance is estimated by applying a given ranking model to a representative set of test queries and manually assessing the relevance of all retrieved items for each query. We apply the concepts of active evaluation and active comparison to ranking functions and derive optimal sampling distributions for the commonly used performance measures Discounted Cumulative Gain and Expected Reciprocal Rank. Experiments on web search engine data illustrate significant reductions in labeling costs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{CunhaCosta2012,
  author    = {Cunha Costa, Alexandre},
  title     = {Analyzing and modelling of flow transmission processes in river-systems with a focus on semi-arid conditions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59694},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {One of the major problems for the implementation of water resources planning and management in arid and semi-arid environments is the scarcity of hydrological data and, consequently, research studies. In this thesis, the hydrology of dryland river systems was analyzed and a semi-distributed hydrological model and a forecasting approach were developed for flow transmission processes in river-systems with a focus on semi-arid conditions. Three different sources of hydrological data (streamflow series, groundwater level series and multi-temporal satellite data) were combined in order to analyze the channel transmission losses of a large reach of the Jaguaribe River in NE Brazil. A perceptual model of this reach was derived suggesting that the application of models, which were developed for sub-humid and temperate regions, may be more suitable for this reach than classical models, which were developed for arid and semi-arid regions. Summarily, it was shown that this river reach is hydraulically connected with groundwater and shifts from being a losing river at the dry and beginning of rainy seasons to become a losing/gaining (mostly losing) river at the middle and end of rainy seasons. A new semi-distributed channel transmission losses model was developed, which was based primarily on the capability of simulation in very different dryland environments and flexible model structures for testing hypotheses on the dominant hydrological processes of rivers. This model was successfully tested in a large reach of the Jaguaribe River in NE Brazil and a small stream in the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in the SW USA. Hypotheses on the dominant processes of the channel transmission losses (different model structures) in the Jaguaribe river were evaluated, showing that both lateral (stream-)aquifer water fluxes and ground-water flow in the underlying alluvium parallel to the river course are necessary to predict streamflow and channel transmission losses, the former process being more relevant than the latter. This procedure not only reduced model structure uncertainties, but also reported modelling failures rejecting model structure hypotheses, namely streamflow without river-aquifer interaction and stream-aquifer flow without groundwater flow parallel to the river course. The application of the model to different dryland environments enabled learning about the model itself from differences in channel reach responses. For example, the parameters related to the unsaturated part of the model, which were active for the small reach in the USA, presented a much greater variation in the sensitivity coefficients than those which drove the saturated part of the model, which were active for the large reach in Brazil. Moreover, a nonparametric approach, which dealt with both deterministic evolution and inherent fluctuations in river discharge data, was developed based on a qualitative dynamical system-based criterion, which involved a learning process about the structure of the time series, instead of a fitting procedure only. This approach, which was based only on the discharge time series itself, was applied to a headwater catchment in Germany, in which runoff are induced by either convective rainfall during the summer or snow melt in the spring. The application showed the following important features: • the differences between runoff measurements were more suitable than the actual runoff measurements when using regression models; • the catchment runoff system shifted from being a possible dynamical system contaminated with noise to a linear random process when the interval time of the discharge time series increased; • and runoff underestimation can be expected for rising limbs and overestimation for falling limbs. This nonparametric approach was compared with a distributed hydrological model designed for real-time flood forecasting, with both presenting similar results on average. Finally, a benchmark for hydrological research using semi-distributed modelling was proposed, based on the aforementioned analysis, modelling and forecasting of flow transmission processes. The aim of this benchmark was not to describe a blue-print for hydrological modelling design, but rather to propose a scientific method to improve hydrological knowledge using semi-distributed hydrological modelling. Following the application of the proposed benchmark to a case study, the actual state of its hydrological knowledge and its predictive uncertainty can be determined, primarily through rejected hypotheses on the dominant hydrological processes and differences in catchment/variables responses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Tarvenkorn2012,
  author    = {Tarvenkorn, Alexander},
  title     = {Aufstiege aus der Mittelschicht : soziale Aufstiegsmobilit{\"a}t von Haushalten zwischen 1984 und 2010},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65331},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Dissertation widmet sich den intragenerationalen Aufstiegsprozessen von Haushalten aus der Mittelschicht zu den Wohlhabenden. Intragenerationale Mobilit{\"a}tsforschung wird bislang vor allem als arbeitsmarktbezogene Inidivualmobilit{\"a}t angesehen. Diese Dissertation erweitert den Ansatz auf die Ebene des Haushaltes. Dem liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, dass die soziale Position eines Individuums nicht allein durch sein Erwerbseinkommen determiniert wird. Ebenso entscheidend ist der Kontext des Haushaltes. Dieser bestimmt dar{\"u}ber, wie viele Personen zum Einkommen beitragen k{\"o}nnen und wie viele daran partizipieren. Weiterhin kommt der Haushaltsebene in Paar-Haushalten die Rolle des Aushandlungsortes zu. Hier wird {\"u}ber Familienplanung, Kinderwunsch und damit in Zusammenhang stehend auch {\"u}ber die Erwerbsbeteiligung der Partner entscheiden. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht diese Annahmen mithilfe von Daten des Sozio{\"o}konomischen Panels (SOEP) der Jahre 1984 bis 2010. Der Fokus liegt auf der Erwerbsbeteiligung und dem Bildungsniveau des Haushaltes, seiner Struktur, sowie dem Beruf des Haushaltsvorstandes. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass dies die Hauptfaktoren sind, die {\"u}ber die finanziellen M{\"o}glichkeiten eines Haushaltes entscheiden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des historischen Kontextes, da anzunehmen ist, dass die oben benannten Faktoren sich und ihren Einfluss auf die Aufstiegsm{\"o}glichkeiten von Haushalten im historischen Verlauf ver{\"a}ndert haben.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Makarava2012,
  author    = {Makarava, Natallia},
  title     = {Bayesian estimation of self-similarity exponent},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64099},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Estimation of the self-similarity exponent has attracted growing interest in recent decades and became a research subject in various fields and disciplines. Real-world data exhibiting self-similar behavior and/or parametrized by self-similarity exponent (in particular Hurst exponent) have been collected in different fields ranging from finance and human sciencies to hydrologic and traffic networks. Such rich classes of possible applications obligates researchers to investigate qualitatively new methods for estimation of the self-similarity exponent as well as identification of long-range dependencies (or long memory). In this thesis I present the Bayesian estimation of the Hurst exponent. In contrast to previous methods, the Bayesian approach allows the possibility to calculate the point estimator and confidence intervals at the same time, bringing significant advantages in data-analysis as discussed in this thesis. Moreover, it is also applicable to short data and unevenly sampled data, thus broadening the range of systems where the estimation of the Hurst exponent is possible. Taking into account that one of the substantial classes of great interest in modeling is the class of Gaussian self-similar processes, this thesis considers the realizations of the processes of fractional Brownian motion and fractional Gaussian noise. Additionally, applications to real-world data, such as the data of water level of the Nile River and fixational eye movements are also discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Frasca2012,
  author    = {Frasca, Stefano},
  title     = {Biocatalysis on nanostructured surfaces : investigation and application of redox proteins using spectro-electrochemical methods},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58131},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In this thesis, different aspects within the research field of protein spectro- and electro-chemistry on nanostructured materials are addressed. On the one hand, this work is related to the investigation of nanostructured transparent and conductive metal oxides as platform for the immobilization of electroactive enzymes. On the other hand the second part of this work is related to the immobilization of sulfite oxidase on gold nanoparticles modified electrode. Finally direct and mediated spectroelectrochemistry protein with high structure complexity such as the xanthine dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus and its high homologues the mouse aldehyde oxidase homolog 1. Stable immobilization and reversible electrochemistry of cytochrome c in a transparent and conductive tin-doped and tin-rich indium oxide film with a well-defined mesoporosity is reported. The transparency and good conductivity, in combination with the large surface area of these materials, allow the incorporation of a high amount of electroactive biomolecules (between 250 and 2500 pmol cm-2) and their electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation. Both, the electrochemical behavior and the immobilization of proteins are influenced by the geometric parameters of the porous material, such as the structure and pore shape, the surface chemistry, as well as the protein size and charge. UV-Vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, in combination with direct protein voltammetry, are employed for the characterization of cytochrome c immobilized in the mesoporous indium tin oxide and reveal no perturbation of the structural integrity of the redox protein. A long term protein immobilization is reached using these unmodified mesoporous indium oxide based materials, i.e. more than two weeks even at high ionic strength. The potential of this modified material as an amperometric biosensor for the detection of superoxide anions is demonstrated. A sensitivity of about 100 A M-1 m-2, in a linear measuring range of the superoxide concentration between 0.13 and 0.67 μM, is estimated. In addition an electrochemical switchable protein-based optical device is designed with the core part composed of cytochrome c immobilized on a mesoporous indium tin oxide film. A color developing redox sensitive dye is used as switchable component of the system. The cytochrome c-catalyzed oxidation of the dye by hydrogen peroxide is spectroscopically investigated. When the dye is co-immobilized with the protein, its redox state is easily controlled by application of an electrical potential at the supporting material. This enables to electrochemical reset the system to the initial state and repetitive signal generation. The case of negative charged proteins, which does not have a good interaction with the negative charged indium oxide based films, is also explored. The modification of an indium tin oxide film with a positive charged polymer and the employment of a antimony doped tin oxide film were investigated in this work in order to overcome the repulsion induced by similar charges of the protein and electrode. Human sulfite oxidase and its separated heme-containing domain are able to direct exchange electrons with the supporting material. A study of a new approach for sulfite biosensing, based on enhanced direct electron transfer of a human sulfite oxidase immobilized on a gold nanoparticles modified electrode is reported. The spherical gold nanoparticles were prepared via a novel method by reduction of HAuCl4 with branched poly(ethyleneimine) in an ionic liquid resulting in particles of about 10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter. These nanoparticles were covalently attached to a mercaptoundecanoic acid modified Au-electrode and act as platform where human sulfite oxidase is adsorbed. An enhanced interfacial electron transfer and electrocatalysis is therefore achieved. UV-Vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy, in combination with direct protein voltammetry, were employed for the characterization of the system and reveal no perturbation of the structural integrity of the redox protein. The proposed biosensor exhibited a quick steady-state current response, within 2 s and a linear detection range between 0.5 and 5.4 μM with high sensitivity (1.85 nA μM-1). The investigated system provides remarkable advantages, since it works at low applied potential and at very high ionic strength. Therefore these properties could make the proposed system useful in the development of bioelectronic devices and its application in real samples. Finally protein with high structure complexity such as the xanthine dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus and the mouse aldehyde oxidase homolog 1 were spectroelectrochemically studied. It could be demonstrated that different cofactors present in the protein structure, like the FAD and the molybdenum cofactor, are able to directly exchange electrons with an electrode and are displayed as a single peak in a square wave voltammogram. Protein mutants bearing a serine substituted to the cysteines, bounding to the most exposed iron sulfur cluster additionally showed direct electron transfer which can be attributable to this cluster. On the other hand a mediated spectroelectrochemical titration of the protein bound FAD cofactor was performed in presence of transparent iron and cobalt complex mediators. The results showed the formation of the stable semiquinone and the fully reduced flavin. Two formal potentials for each single electron exchange step were then determined.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Andres2012,
  author    = {Andres, Dorothee},
  title     = {Biophysical chemistry of lipopolysaccharide specific bacteriophages},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59261},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Carbohydrate recognition is a ubiquitous principle underlying many fundamental biological processes like fertilization, embryogenesis and viral infections. But how carbohydrate specificity and affinity induce a molecular event is not well understood. One of these examples is bacteriophage P22 that binds and infects three distinct Salmonella enterica (S.) hosts. It recognizes and depolymerizes repetitive carbohydrate structures of O antigen in its host´s outer membrane lipopolysaccharide molecule. This is mediated by tailspikes, mainly β helical appendages on phage P22 short non contractile tail apparatus (podovirus). The O antigen of all three Salmonella enterica hosts is built from tetrasaccharide repeating units consisting of an identical main chain with a distinguished 3,6 dideoxyhexose substituent that is crucial for P22 tailspike recognition: tyvelose in S. Enteritidis, abequose in S. Typhimurium and paratose in S. Paratyphi. In the first study the complexes of P22 tailspike with its host's O antigen octasaccharide were characterized. S. Paratyphi octasaccharide binds less tightly (ΔΔG≈7 kJ/mol) to the tailspike than the other two hosts. Crystal structure analysis of P22 tailspike co crystallized with S. Paratyphi octasaccharides revealed different interactions than those observed before in tailspike complexes with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium octasaccharides. These different interactions occur due to a structural rearrangement in the S. Paratyphi octasaccharide. It results in an unfavorable glycosidic bond Φ/Ψ angle combination that also had occurred when the S. Paratyphi octasaccharide conformation was analyzed in an aprotic environment. Contributions of individual protein surface contacts to binding affinity were analyzed showing that conserved structural waters mediate specific recognition of all three different Salmonella host O antigens. Although different O antigen structures possess distinct binding behavior on the tailspike surface, all are recognized and infected by phage P22. Hence, in a second study, binding measurements revealed that multivalent O antigen was able to bind with high avidity to P22 tailspike. Dissociation rates of the polymer were three times slower than for an octasaccharide fragment pointing towards high affinity for O antigen polysaccharide. Furthermore, when phage P22 was incubated with lipopolysaccharide aggregates before plating on S. Typhimurium cells, P22 infectivity became significantly reduced. Therefore, in a third study, the function of carbohydrate recognition on the infection process was characterized. It was shown that large S. Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide aggregates triggered DNA release from the phage capsid in vitro. This provides evidence that phage P22 does not use a second receptor on the Salmonella surface for infection. P22 tailspike binding and cleavage activity modulate DNA egress from the phage capsid. DNA release occurred more slowly when the phage possessed mutant tailspikes with less hydrolytic activity and was not induced if lipopolysaccharides contained tailspike shortened O antigen polymer. Furthermore, the onset of DNA release was delayed by tailspikes with reduced binding affinity. The results suggest a model for P22 infection induced by carbohydrate recognition: tailspikes position the phage on Salmonella enterica and their hydrolytic activity forces a central structural protein of the phage assembly, the plug protein, onto the host´s membrane surface. Upon membrane contact, a conformational change has to occur in the assembly to eject DNA and pilot proteins from the phage to establish infection. Earlier studies had investigated DNA ejection in vitro solely for viruses with long non contractile tails (siphovirus) recognizing protein receptors. Podovirus P22 in this work was therefore the first example for a short tailed phage with an LPS recognition organelle that can trigger DNA ejection in vitro. However, O antigen binding and cleaving tailspikes are widely distributed in the phage biosphere, for example in siphovirus 9NA. Crystal structure analysis of 9NA tailspike revealed a complete similar fold to P22 tailspike although they only share 36 \% sequence identity. Moreover, 9NA tailspike possesses similar enzyme activity towards S. Typhimurium O antigen within conserved amino acids. These are responsible for a DNA ejection process from siphovirus 9NA triggered by lipopolysaccharide aggregates. 9NA expelled its DNA 30 times faster than podovirus P22 although the associated conformational change is controlled with a similar high activation barrier. The difference in DNA ejection velocity mirrors different tail morphologies and their efficiency to translate a carbohydrate recognition signal into action.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ohme2012,
  author    = {Ohme, Frank},
  title     = {Bridging the gap between post-Newtonian theory and numerical relativity in gravitational-wave data analysis},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60346},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {One of the most exciting predictions of Einstein's theory of gravitation that have not yet been proven experimentally by a direct detection are gravitational waves. These are tiny distortions of the spacetime itself, and a world-wide effort to directly measure them for the first time with a network of large-scale laser interferometers is currently ongoing and expected to provide positive results within this decade. One potential source of measurable gravitational waves is the inspiral and merger of two compact objects, such as binary black holes. Successfully finding their signature in the noise-dominated data of the detectors crucially relies on accurate predictions of what we are looking for. In this thesis, we present a detailed study of how the most complete waveform templates can be constructed by combining the results from (A) analytical expansions within the post-Newtonian framework and (B) numerical simulations of the full relativistic dynamics. We analyze various strategies to construct complete hybrid waveforms that consist of a post-Newtonian inspiral part matched to numerical-relativity data. We elaborate on exsisting approaches for nonspinning systems by extending the accessible parameter space and introducing an alternative scheme based in the Fourier domain. Our methods can now be readily applied to multiple spherical-harmonic modes and precessing systems. In addition to that, we analyze in detail the accuracy of hybrid waveforms with the goal to quantify how numerous sources of error in the approximation techniques affect the application of such templates in real gravitational-wave searches. This is of major importance for the future construction of improved models, but also for the correct interpretation of gravitational-wave observations that are made utilizing any complete waveform family. In particular, we comprehensively discuss how long the numerical-relativity contribution to the signal has to be in order to make the resulting hybrids accurate enough, and for currently feasible simulation lengths we assess the physics one can potentially do with template-based searches.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zarafshani2012,
  author    = {Zarafshani, Zoya},
  title     = {Chain-end functionalization and modification of polymers using modular chemical reactions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59723},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Taking advantage of ATRP and using functionalized initiators, different functionalities were introduced in both α and ω chain-ends of synthetic polymers. These functionalized polymers could then go through modular synthetic pathways such as click cycloaddition (copper-catalyzed or copper-free) or amidation to couple synthetic polymers to other synthetic polymers, biomolecules or silica monoliths. Using this general strategy and designing these co/polymers so that they are thermoresponsive, yet bioinert and biocompatible with adjustable cloud point values (as it is the case in the present thesis), the whole generated system becomes "smart" and potentially applicable in different branches. The applications which were considered in the present thesis were in polymer post-functionalization (in situ functionalization of micellar aggregates with low and high molecular weight molecules), hydrophilic/hydrophobic tuning, chromatography and bioconjugation (enzyme thermoprecipitation and recovery, improvement of enzyme activity). Different α-functionalized co/polymers containing cholesterol moiety, aldehyde, t-Boc protected amine, TMS-protected alkyne and NHS-activated ester were designed and synthesized in this work.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zieres2012,
  author    = {Zieres, Gundo},
  title     = {Change Management durch das Excellence-Modell im Gesundheitswesen : der MDK Rheinland-Pfalz als Referenzobjekt in der Gesundheitswirtschaft},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-61761},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die gewaltigen Strukturver{\"a}nderungen im Bereich des Gesundheitswesens, die in den letzten Jahren bereits erfolgten und die, die noch bevorstehen, zwingen Unternehmen, mit geplanten und gesteuerten Ver{\"a}nderungsprozessen die Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r eine kontinuierliche Anpassung an die neuen Gegebenheiten zu schaffen und somit ihre Zukunftsf{\"a}higkeit sicherzustellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird gezeigt, wie das Excellence-Modell der EFQM als Instrument f{\"u}r Ver{\"a}nderungsprozesse eingesetzt werden kann und es geeignet ist, Ver{\"a}nderungsziele zu definieren und die Zielerreichung zu bewerten. Referenzobjekt der Fallstudienanalyse, die einen Zeitraum von 13 Jahren umfasst, ist der Medizinische Dienst der Krankenversicherung Rheinland-Pfalz. Neben der Analyse und Darstellung von theoretischen Grundlagen wird an einem Unternehmen des Gesundheitswesens beispielhaft gezeigt, wie die Umsetzung in der Praxis unter Einsatz des EFQM-Modells erfolgen kann. Da das EFQM-Modell mit seiner Systematik unternehmensunabh{\"a}ngig eingesetzt werden kann, sind Lern- und {\"U}bertragungsm{\"o}glichkeiten strukturiert m{\"o}glich. Es wird der Nachweis erbracht, dass sich das EFQM-Modell im Rahmen eines Management- und Qualit{\"a}tssteue-rungsmodells als Universalmethode nutzen l{\"a}sst, sofern das Management {\"u}ber die Kompe-tenz branchenspezifischer Anpassung verf{\"u}gt. Auf dem Weg zu organisatorischer Excel-lence wird gezielt an Planungs- und Prognosetechniken des strategischen Managements (SWOT, Szenario-Analyse, Portfolio-Analyse) angekn{\"u}pft und auf das VRIO-Paradigma des Resource-based View Bezug genommen. Das EFQM-Modell wird dem Stresstest des ressourcenstrategischen Ansatzes unterzogen, um so zu zeigen, dass es sich beim EFQM-Modell um ein einzigartiges, schwer imitierbares, kaum zu substituierendes, organisatorisch verankertes und kundennutzen-stiftendes Er-folgspotenzial handeln kann. Die Arbeit liefert Impulse und konkrete Anregungen, die zu einem hohen managementprakti-schen Erkenntniszuwachs f{\"u}r den erfolgreichen Umgang mit dem EFQM-Modell und dem Einsatz von Qualit{\"a}tsmanagementsystemen f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Mulansky2012,
  author    = {Mulansky, Mario},
  title     = {Chaotic diffusion in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63180},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This work investigates diffusion in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. The diffusion, more precisely subdiffusion, in such systems is induced by the intrinsic chaotic behavior of trajectories and thus is called chaotic diffusion''. Its properties are studied on the example of one- or two-dimensional lattices of harmonic or nonlinear oscillators with nearest neighbor couplings. The fundamental observation is the spreading of energy for localized initial conditions. Methods of quantifying this spreading behavior are presented, including a new quantity called excitation time. This new quantity allows for a more precise analysis of the spreading than traditional methods. Furthermore, the nonlinear diffusion equation is introduced as a phenomenologic description of the spreading process and a number of predictions on the density dependence of the spreading are drawn from this equation. Two mathematical techniques for analyzing nonlinear Hamiltonian systems are introduced. The first one is based on a scaling analysis of the Hamiltonian equations and the results are related to similar scaling properties of the NDE. From this relation, exact spreading predictions are deduced. Secondly, the microscopic dynamics at the edge of spreading states are thoroughly analyzed, which again suggests a scaling behavior that can be related to the NDE. Such a microscopic treatment of chaotically spreading states in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems has not been done before and the results present a new technique of connecting microscopic dynamics with macroscopic descriptions like the nonlinear diffusion equation. All theoretical results are supported by heavy numerical simulations, partly obtained on one of Europe's fastest supercomputers located in Bologna, Italy. In the end, the highly interesting case of harmonic oscillators with random frequencies and nonlinear coupling is studied, which resembles to some extent the famous Discrete Anderson Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation. For this model, a deviation from the widely believed power-law spreading is observed in numerical experiments. Some ideas on a theoretical explanation for this deviation are presented, but a conclusive theory could not be found due to the complicated phase space structure in this case. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the techniques and results presented in this work will help to eventually understand this controversely discussed case as well.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ohliger2012,
  author    = {Ohliger, Matthias},
  title     = {Characterizing and measuring properties of continuous-variable quantum states},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62924},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {We investigate properties of quantum mechanical systems in the light of quantum information theory. We put an emphasize on systems with infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, so-called continuous-variable systems'', which are needed to describe quantum optics beyond the single photon regime and other Bosonic quantum systems. We present methods to obtain a description of such systems from a series of measurements in an efficient manner and demonstrate the performance in realistic situations by means of numerical simulations. We consider both unconditional quantum state tomography, which is applicable to arbitrary systems, and tomography of matrix product states. The latter allows for the tomography of many-body systems because the necessary number of measurements scales merely polynomially with the particle number, compared to an exponential scaling in the generic case. We also present a method to realize such a tomography scheme for a system of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the possibilities and limitations of using continuous-variable systems for measurement-based quantum computing. We will see that the distinction between Gaussian and non-Gaussian quantum states and measurements plays an crucial role. We also provide an algorithm to solve the large and interesting class of naturally occurring Hamiltonians, namely frustration free ones, efficiently and use this insight to obtain a simple approximation method for slightly frustrated systems. To achieve this goals, we make use of, among various other techniques, the well developed theory of matrix product states, tensor networks, semi-definite programming, and matrix analysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kuhnert2012,
  author    = {Kuhnert, Oliver},
  title     = {Charakterisierung der neuen centrosomalen Proteine CP148 und CP55 in Dictyostelium discoideum},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59949},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Das im Cytosol liegende Dictyostelium Centrosom ist aus einer geschichteten Core-Region aufgebaut, die von einer Mikrotubuli-nukleierenden Corona umgeben ist. Zudem ist es {\"u}ber eine spezifische Verbindung eng an den Kern gekn{\"u}pft und durch die Kernmembran hindurch mit den geclusterten Centromeren verbunden. Beim G2/M {\"U}bergang dissoziiert die Corona vom Centrosom und der Core verdoppelt sich so dass zwei Spindelpole entstehen. CP55 und CP148 wurden in einer Proteom-Analyse des Centrosoms identifiziert. CP148 ist ein neues coiled-coil Protein der centrosomalen Corona. Es zeigt eine zellzyklusabh{\"a}ngige An- und Abwesenheit am Centrosom, die mit der Dissoziation der Corona in der Prophase und ihrer Neubildung in der Telophase korreliert. W{\"a}hrend der Telophase erschienen in GFP-CP148 exprimierenden Zellen viele, kleine GFP-CP148-Foci im Cytoplasma, die zum Teil miteinander fusionierten und zum Centrosom wanderten. Daraus resultierte eine hypertrophe Corona in Zellen mit starker GFP-CP148 {\"U}berexpression. Ein Knockdown von CP148 durch RNAi f{\"u}hrte zu einem Verlust der Corona und einem ungeordneten Interphase Mikrotubuli-Cytoskelett. Die Bildung der mitotischen Spindel und der astralen Mikrotubuli blieb davon unbeeinflusst. Das bedeutet, dass die Mikrotubuli-Nukleationskomplexe w{\"a}hrend der Interphase und Mitose {\"u}ber verschiedene Wege mit dem Core assoziiert sind. Des Weiteren bewirkte der Knockdown eine Dispersion der Centromere sowie eine ver{\"a}nderte Sun1 Lokalisation in der Kernh{\"u}lle. Somit spielt CP148 ebenso eine Rolle in der Centrosomen-Centromer-Verbindung. Zusammengefasst ist CP148 ein essentielles Protein f{\"u}r die Bildung und Organisation der Corona, welche wiederum f{\"u}r die Centrosom/Centromer Verbindung ben{\"o}tigt wird. CP55 wurde als Protein der Core-Region identifiziert und verbleibt w{\"a}hrend des Zellzyklus am Centrosom. Dort besitzt es strukturelle Aufgaben, da die Mehrheit der GFP-CP55 Molek{\"u}le in der Interphase keine Mobilit{\"a}t zeigten. Die GFP-CP55 {\"U}berexpression f{\"u}hrte zur Bildung von {\"u}berz{\"a}hligen Centrosomen mit der {\"u}blichen Ausstattung an Markerproteinen der Corona und des Cores. CP55 Knockout-Zellen waren durch eine erh{\"o}hte Ploidie, eine weniger strukturierte und leicht vergr{\"o}ßerte Corona sowie zus{\"a}tzliche cytosolische Mikrotubuli-organisierende Zentren charakterisiert. Letztere entstanden in der Telophase und enthielten nur Corona- aber keine Core-Proteine. In CP55 k/o Zellen erfolgte die Rekrutierung des Corona-Organisators CP148 an den Spindelpol bereits in der fr{\"u}hen Metaphase anstatt, wie {\"u}blich, erst in der Telophase. Außerdem zeigten die Knockout-Zellen Wachstumsdefekte, deren Grund vermutlich Schwierigkeiten bei der Centrosomenverdopplung in der Prophase durch das Fehlen von CP55 waren. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnten die Knockout-Zellen phagozytiertes Material nicht verwerten, obwohl der Vorgang der Phagozytose nicht beeintr{\"a}chtigt war. Dieser Defekt kann dem im CP55 k/o auftretenden dispergierten Golgi-Apparat zugeschrieben werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Roeser2012,
  author    = {R{\"o}ser, Claudia},
  title     = {Charakterisierung der Serotonin-Rezeptoren in den Speicheldr{\"u}sen von Calliphora vicina},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-61486},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die F{\"a}higkeit, mit anderen Zellen zu kommunizieren, ist eine grundlegende Eigenschaft aller lebenden Zellen und essentiell f{\"u}r die normale Funktionsweise vielzelliger Organismen. Die Speicheldr{\"u}sen der Schmeißfliege Calliphora vicina bilden ein ausgezeichnetes physiologisches Modellsystem um zellul{\"a}re Signaltransduktionsprozesse an einem intakten Organ zu untersuchen. Die Speichelsekretion wird dabei hormonell durch das biogene Amin Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamin; 5-HT) reguliert. 5-HT aktiviert in den sekretorischen Zellen der Dr{\"u}sen {\"u}ber die Bindung an mindestens zwei membranst{\"a}ndige G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (GPCR) zwei separate Signalwege, den IP3/Ca2+- und den cAMP-Signalweg. Zur Identifizierung und Charakterisierung der 5-HT-Rezeptoren in den Speicheldr{\"u}sen von Calliphora wurden unter Anwendung verschiedener Klonierungsstrategien zwei cDNAs (Cv5-ht2α und Cv5-ht7) isoliert, die große {\"A}hnlichkeit zu 5-HT2- und 5-HT7-Rezeptoren aus S{\"a}ugetieren aufweisen. Die Hydropathieprofile der abgeleiteten Aminos{\"a}uresequenzen postulieren die f{\"u}r GPCRs charakteristische heptahelikale Architektur. Alle Aminos{\"a}uremotive, die f{\"u}r die Ligandenbindung, die Rezeptoraktivierung und die Kopplung an G-Proteine essentiell sind, liegen konserviert vor. Interessanterweise wurde f{\"u}r den Cv5-HT7-Rezeptor eine zus{\"a}tzliche hydrophobe Dom{\"a}ne im N Terminus vorhergesagt. Die Cv5-HT2α-mRNA liegt in zwei alternativ gespleißten Varianten vor. Mittels RT-PCR-Experimenten konnte die Expression beider Rezeptoren in Gehirn und Speicheldr{\"u}sen adulter Fliegen nachgewiesen werden. Ein Antiserum gegen den Cv5-HT7 Rezeptor markiert in den Speicheldr{\"u}sen die basolaterale Plasmamembran. Die Expression der Rezeptoren in einem heterologen System (HEK 293-Zellen) best{\"a}tigte diese als funktionelle 5-HT Rezeptoren. So f{\"u}hrte die Stimulation mit Serotonin f{\"u}r den Cv5-HT2α zu einer dosis-abh{\"a}ngigen Erh{\"o}hung der intrazellul{\"a}ren Ca2+ Konzentration ([Ca2+]i, EC50 = 24 nM). In Cv5-HT7-exprimierenden Zellen l{\"o}ste 5-HT dosisabh{\"a}ngig (EC50 = 4,1 nM) einen Anstieg der intrazellul{\"a}ren cAMP Konzentration ([cAMP]i) aus. F{\"u}r beide heterolog exprimierten Rezeptoren wurden pharmakologische Profile erstellt. Liganden, die eine Rezeptorsubtyp-spezifische Wirkung vermuten ließen, wurden daraufhin auf ihre Wirkung auf das transepitheliale Potential (TEP) intakter Speicheldr{\"u}senpr{\"a}parate getestet. Drei 5-HT-Rezeptoragonisten: AS 19, R-(+)-Lisurid und 5-Carboxamidotryptamin f{\"u}hrten zu einer cAMP-abh{\"a}ngigen Positivierung des TEP durch eine selektive Aktivierung der 5 HT7-Rezeptoren. Eine selektive Aktivierung des Ca2+-Signalweges durch den Cv5-HT2 Rezeptor ist mit Hilfe von 5-Methoxytryptamin m{\"o}glich. Dagegen konnte Clozapin im TEP als selektiver Cv5-HT7-Rezeptorantagonist best{\"a}tigt werden. Die Kombination eines molekularen Ansatzes mit physiologischen Messungen erm{\"o}glichte somit die Identifikation selektiver Liganden f{\"u}r 5-HT2- bzw. 5-HT7-Rezeptoren aus Calliphora vicina. Dies erm{\"o}glicht zuk{\"u}nftig eine separate Aktivierung der 5-HT-gesteuerten Signalwege und erleichtert dadurch die weitere Erforschung der intrazellul{\"a}ren Signalwege und ihrer Wechselwirkungen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Trescher2012,
  author    = {Trescher, Karoline},
  title     = {Cokulturtestsystem f{\"u}r die Untersuchung des Einflusses physikochemischer Eigenschaften von Copolymeren auf das Verhalten von Keratinozyten und Fibroblasten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62915},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Polymeren k{\"o}nnen verschiedene Zelltypen unterschiedlich, z. B. hinsichtlich Adh{\"a}renz oder Funktionalit{\"a}t, beeinflussen. Die Elastizit{\"a}t eines Polymers beeinflusst vor allem, welche Zugkr{\"a}fte eine Zelle gegen{\"u}ber ihrem Substrat entwickeln kann. Das Zellverhalten wird dann {\"u}ber intrazellul{\"a}re R{\"u}ckkopplungsmechanismen reguliert. Die Oberfl{\"a}chenladung und/oder Hydrophilie eines Polymers beeinflusst zun{\"a}chst die Adsorption von Ionen, Proteinen und anderen Molek{\"u}len. Vor allem {\"u}ber die Zusammensetzung, Dichte und Konformation der adsorbierten Komponenten werden anschließend die Wechselwirkungen mit den Zellen vermittelt. Des Weiteren k{\"o}nnen verschiedene Zelltypen unterschiedliche membranassoziierte Proteine, Zucker und Lipide aufweisen, so dass Polymereigenschaften zellspezifische Effekte bewirken k{\"o}nnen. F{\"u}r biotechnologische Anwendungen und f{\"u}r den Einsatz in der regenerativen Medizin gewinnen Polymere, die spezifische Zellreaktionen regulieren k{\"o}nnen, immer weiter an Bedeutung. Die Isolierung und Kultur von prim{\"a}ren Keratinozyten ist noch immer anspruchsvoll und die ad{\"a}quate Heilung von Hautwunden stellt eine fortw{\"a}hrende medizinische Herausforderung dar. Ein Polymer, das eine bevorzugte Adh{\"a}renz von Keratinozyten bei gleichzeitig verminderter Anheftung dermaler Fibroblasten erm{\"o}glicht, w{\"u}rde erhebliche Vorteile f{\"u}r den Einsatz in der Keratinozyten-Zellkultur und als Wundauflage bieten. Um den potentiell spezifischen Einfluss bestimmter Polymereigenschaften auf prim{\"a}re humane Keratinozyten und dermale Fibroblasten zu untersuchen, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Zellkultursystem f{\"u}r die Mono- und Cokultur beider Zelltypen entwickelt. Das Testsystem wurde als Screening konzipiert, um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Polymereigenschaften in mehreren Abstufungen auf die Zellen zu untersuchen. Folgende Parameter wurden untersucht: 1. Vitalit{\"a}t und Dichte adh{\"a}renter und nicht-adh{\"a}rierter Zellen, 2. Sch{\"a}digung der Zellmembran, 3. selektive Adh{\"a}renz von Keratinozyten in Cokultur durch die spezifische immunzytochemische F{\"a}rbung von Keratin14 und Vimentin. F{\"u}r die Polymere mit variabler Elastizit{\"a}t wurden zus{\"a}tzlich die Ablagerung extrazellul{\"a}rer Matrixkomponenten und die Sekretion l{\"o}slicher Faktoren durch die Zellen untersucht. Als Modellpolymere f{\"u}r die Variation der Elastizit{\"a}t wurden vernetzte Poly(n-butylacrylate) (cPnBA) verwendet, da deren Elastizit{\"a}t durch den Anteil des Vernetzers eingestellt werden kann. Auf dem weniger elastischen cPnBA zeigte sich in der Cokultur ein doppelt so hohes Verh{\"a}ltnis von Keratinozyten zu Fibroblasten wie auf dem elastischeren cPnBA, so dass ein leichter zellselektiver Effekt angenommen werden kann. Acrylnitril-basierte Copolymere wurden als Modellpolymere f{\"u}r die Variation der Oberfl{\"a}chenladung und Hydrophilie verwendet, da die Eigenschaften durch Art und molaren Anteil des Comonomers eingestellt werden k{\"o}nnen. Durch Variation des molaren Anteils der Comonomere mit positiver bzw. negativer Ladung, Methacryls{\"a}ure-2-aminoethylester-hydrochhlorid (AEMA) und N-3-Aminopropyl-methacrylamid-hydro-chlorid (APMA) bzw. Natriumsalz der 2-Methyl-2-propen-1-sulfons{\"a}ure (NaMAS), wurde der Anteil der positiven bzw. negativen Ladung im Copolymer variiert. Durch die Erh{\"o}hung des molaren Anteils des hydrophilen Comonomers N-Vinylpyrrolidon (NVP) wurde die Hydrophilie des Copolymers gesteigert. Die Erh{\"o}hung des molaren Anteils an positiv geladenem Comonomer AEMA im Copolymer f{\"u}hrte tendenziell zu einer h{\"o}heren Keratinozytendichte, wobei die Fibroblastendichte unver{\"a}ndert blieb. Durch die Erh{\"o}hung des molaren Anteils des positiv geladenen Comonomers APMA ergaben sich keine deutlichen Unterschiede in Dichte, Vitalit{\"a}t oder Selektivit{\"a}t der Zellen. Durch die stufenweise Erh{\"o}hung des molaren Anteils des negativ geladenen Comonomers NaMAS konnte, wie im Falle von AEMA, eine Tendenz zur verbesserten Keratinozytenadh{\"a}renz beobachtet werden. Die Steigerung der Hydrophilie der Copolymere f{\"u}hrte sowohl f{\"u}r Keratinozyten als auch f{\"u}r Fibroblasten zu einer reduzierten Adh{\"a}renz und Vitalit{\"a}t. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurde ein Testverfahren etabliert, das die Untersuchung von prim{\"a}ren humanen Keratinozyten und prim{\"a}ren humanen Fibroblasten in Monokultur und Cokultur auf verschiedenen Polymeren erm{\"o}glicht. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich durch die gezielte Modifizierung verschiedener Polymereigenschaften die Adh{\"a}renz und Vitalit{\"a}t beider Zelltypen beeinflussen l{\"a}sst. Die Reduktion der Elastizit{\"a}t sowie die Erh{\"o}hung des molaren Anteils geladener Comonomere f{\"u}hrten zu einer Zunahme der Keratinozytenadh{\"a}renz. Da die Fibroblasten unbeeinflusst blieben, zeigte sich f{\"u}r einige der untersuchten Polymere eine leichte Zellselektivit{\"a}t. Diese k{\"o}nnte durch die weitere Erh{\"o}hung der Steifigkeit oder des Anteils geladener Comonomere m{\"o}glicherweise weiter gesteigert werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Ballnat2012,
  author    = {Ballnat, Silvana},
  title     = {Das Verh{\"a}ltnis zwischen den Begriffen "Erfahrung" und "Sprache" ausgehend von Hans-Georg Gadamers "Wahrheit und Methode" : eine antireduktionistische Lesart gegen Relativismusvorw{\"u}rfe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-176-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59047},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {358},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Meiner nichtreduktionistischen Lesart Gadamers, derzufolge eine wechselseitige konstitutive Relation zwischen „Sprache" und „Erfahrung" besteht, ist es gestattet, den Vorwurf, die Sprachphilosophie Gadamers f{\"u}hre in den Relativismus, den man h{\"a}ufig gegen{\"u}ber sprachphilosophischen Positionen erhebt, abzuweisen. Manchen Denkern zufolge haben die Philosophen der Postmoderne, zu denen auch Gadamer gez{\"a}hlt wurde, eine einfache Umkehrung der beiden Pole des modernen Verh{\"a}ltnisses „Sprache" - „Erfahrung" vollzogen: W{\"a}hrend die Sprache in der Moderne in ihrer Bedingtheit zur Erfahrung und als bloßes Ausdrucksmittel verstanden wurde, wurde dieses Verh{\"a}ltnis in der neueren Philosophie nur umgekehrt, insofern die Philosophie in der Sprache das Fundament f{\"u}r die Erfahrung sehe, wonach die Erfahrung als ein Ausdruck der Sprache erscheine. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich mit diesem Relativismusvorwurf auseinander und beabsichtigt, eine wechselseitige Abh{\"a}ngigkeit zwischen Sprache und Erfahrung ausgehend von Hans-Georg Gadamers Werk zu entwickeln. Um das zu erreichen, wurden zun{\"a}chst eine doppelte negative-positive Erfahrungsstruktur und dann einige ph{\"a}nomenologische und transzendentale Merkmale der Erfahrung auf dem historischen Hintergrund f{\"u}r Gadamers Erfahrungsbegriff herausgearbeitet. Somit machte sich die konstitutive Sprachlichkeit der Erfahrung erkennbar. In einer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Sprachbegriff auf der anderen Seite wurde sein dialogischer und welterschließender Charakter veranschaulicht, so dass auch seine Angewiesenheit auf die Welterfahrung offenkundig wurde.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Korn2012,
  author    = {Korn, Ulrike},
  title     = {Der Einfluss unterschiedlich aggressiver Fusarium culmorum- und Fusarium graminearum-Isolate auf die Schadbildauspr{\"a}gung bei Winterweizen sowie die M{\"o}glichkeit der Befallskontrolle mit Mykorrhiza},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62908},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Der Einfluss unterschiedlich aggressiver Fusarium culmorum- und F. graminearum-Isolate auf die Schadbildauspr{\"a}gung bei Winterweizen sowie die M{\"o}glichkeit der Befallskontrolle mit Mykorrhiza Die durch Pilzarten der Gattung Fusarium spp. hervorgerufene partielle Taub{\"a}hrigkeit ist ein ernstes Problem im weltweiten Weizenanbau. Eine f{\"u}r die Schaderreger g{\"u}nstige feuchte Witterung zum Zeitpunkt der Weizenbl{\"u}te in Kombination mit befallsf{\"o}rdernden agrotechnischen Maßnahmen l{\"o}st immer wieder Epidemien aus. Haupts{\"a}chlich verursacht durch F. culmorum und F. graminearum f{\"u}hrt eine Erkrankung zu Ertrags- und Qualit{\"a}tseinbußen sowie zu einer Belastung des Ernteguts mit Mykotoxinen, die bereits in niedrigen Konzentrationen toxisch auf den tierischen und menschlichen Organismus wirken. Die am h{\"a}ufigsten vorkommenden Fusarium-Toxine in Weizen sind Deoxynivalenol (DON) und Zearalenon (ZEA). Isolate von F. graminearum- und F. culmorum k{\"o}nnen in ihrem DON- und ZEA-Bildungsverm{\"o}gen und ihrem Potential, Nekrosen zu verursachen, stark variieren. In Laborversuchen (in vitro) wurden F. graminearum- und F. culmorum-Isolate hinsichtlich dieser Eigenschaften (hier als Aggressivit{\"a}t bezeichnet) charakterisiert und anschließend wurde im Feldversuch {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, ob die in vitro-ermittelte Aggressivit{\"a}t die Schadbildauspr{\"a}gung bei Weizenpflanzen beeinflusst. Nur im ersten Versuchsjahr, das durch hohe Niederschl{\"a}ge gekennzeichnet war, konnte ein Einfluss der Aggressivit{\"a}t und einer zus{\"a}tzlichen Beregnung im Feldversuch nachgewiesen werden. Die als hoch-aggressiv eingestuften Fusarium-Isolate reduzierten unter dem Einfluss der Beregnung den Ertrag und das Tausendkorngewicht. Die Beregnung f{\"u}hrte zu einer Erh{\"o}hung des Pilzwachstums und der DON- und ZEA-Produktion. Ein extrem trockener Sommer verhinderte die Infektion der Weizenpflanzen durch die beimpften Fusarium-Isolate und ein anschließendes Pilzwachstum in den {\"A}hren im zweiten Versuchsjahr. Um den Befall von Weizenpflanzen mit Fusarium spp. vorzubeugen, stehen verschiedene pflanzenbauliche Maßnahmen zur Verf{\"u}gung. Eine M{\"o}glichkeit stellen in diesem Zusammenhang die symbiotischen Mykorrhizapilze (MP) dar. Die Pilze sind in der Lage, Pflanzen zu st{\"a}rken und antagonistisch auf pilzliche Schaderreger zu wirken. Um zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, ob MP dazu beitragen k{\"o}nnten, den Befall von Weizenpflanzen mit Fusarium spp. niedrig zu halten, wurden Weizenpflanzen mit MP und Fusarium spp. beimpft und die Auswirkungen der Interaktionen auf die Weizenpflanzen in einem Klimakammer- und einem Feldversuch getestet. In der Klimakammer wurde eine Reduzierung des Fusarium-Befalls nachgewiesen. Die mykorrhizierten Weizenpflanzen wiesen außerdem h{\"o}here Photosyntheseraten, h{\"o}here Sprosstrockenmassen und mehr {\"A}hren im Vergleich zu den nicht-mykorrhizierten und mit Fusarium-beimpften Weizenpflanzen auf. Insgesamt wurde durch die Mykorrhizierung der negative Einfluss von Fusarium spp. kompensiert. Im Freiland konnte kein Einfluss der MP auf Fusarium spp. beobachtet werden. Im ersten Versuchsjahr f{\"u}hrte das Beimpfen der Weizenpflanzen mit MP zu h{\"o}heren Wurzel- und Sprosstrockenmassen sowie zu h{\"o}heren Tausendkorngewichten im Vergleich zu den mit Fusarium spp.-beimpften Weizenpflanzen. Im zweiten Versuchsjahr konnte dieses Ergebnis nicht wiederholt werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kluge2012,
  author    = {Kluge, Mario},
  title     = {Der Einsatz von Augmented Reality in der Fußg{\"a}ngernavigation : Konzeption und prototypische Implementierung eines smartphonebasierten Fußg{\"a}ngernavigationssystems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60246},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Fußverkehr findet im gesamten {\"o}ffentlichen Raum statt und erm{\"o}glicht die l{\"u}ckenlose Verbindung von T{\"u}r zu T{\"u}r. Jeder Mensch steht vor Beginn einer Fortbewegung vor den Fragen „Wo bin ich?", „Wo liegt mein Ziel?" und „Wie komme ich dahin?". Ein Großteil der auf dem Markt befindlichen Navigationssysteme f{\"u}r Fußg{\"a}nger stellen reduzierte Varianten aus Fahrzeugen dar und basieren auf 2D- Kartendarstellungen oder bilden die Realit{\"a}t als dreidimensionales Modell ab. Navigationsprobleme entstehen dann, wenn es dem Nutzer nicht gelingt, die Information aus der Anweisung auf die Wirklichkeit zu beziehen und umzusetzen. Ein m{\"o}glicher Grund daf{\"u}r liegt in der Visualisierung der Navigationsanweisung. Die r{\"a}umliche Wahrnehmung des Menschen erfolgt ausgehend von einem bestimmten Betrachtungsstandpunkt und bringt die Lage von Objekten und deren Beziehung zueinander zum Ausdruck. Der Einsatz von Augmented Reality (erweiterte Realit{\"a}t) entspricht dem Erscheinungsbild der menschlichen Wahrnehmung und ist f{\"u}r Menschen eine nat{\"u}rliche und zugleich vertraute Ansichtsform. Im Unterschied zu kartographischer Visualisierung wird die Umwelt mittels Augmented Reality nicht modelliert, sondern realit{\"a}tsgetreu abgebildet und erg{\"a}nzt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist ein Navigationsverfahren, das der nat{\"u}rlichen Fort-bewegung und Sichtweise von Fußg{\"a}ngern gerecht wird. Das Konzept basiert auf dem Einsatz einer Kombination aus Realit{\"a}t und virtueller Realit{\"a}t zu einer erweiterten Ansicht. Da keine Darstellungsform als die Route selbst besser geeignet ist, um einen Routenverlauf zu beschreiben, wird die Realit{\"a}t durch eine virtuelle Route erweitert. Die perspektivische Anpassung der Routendarstellung erfordert die sensorische Erfassung der Position und Lage des Betrachtungsstandpunktes. Das der Navigation zu Grunde liegende Datenmodell bleibt dem Betrachter dabei verborgen und ist nur in Form der erweiterten Realit{\"a}t sichtbar. Der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte Prototyp tr{\"a}gt die Bezeichnung RealityView. Die Basis bildet ein freies und quelloffenes Navigationssystem, das f{\"u}r die Fußg{\"a}ngernavigation modular erweitert wurde. Das Ergebnis ist ein smartphonebasierter Navigationsprototyp, in dem die Ansichtsform einer zweidimensionalen Bildschirmkarte im Grundriss und die Darstellung einer erweiterten Realit{\"a}t im Aufriss kombiniert werden. Die Evaluation des Prototyps best{\"a}tigt die Hypothese, dass der Einsatz von Augmented Reality f{\"u}r die Navigation von Fußg{\"a}ngern m{\"o}glich ist und von der Nutzergruppe akzeptiert wird. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bescheinigen Wissenschaftler im Rahmen von Experten-interviews den konzeptionellen Ansatz und die prototypische Umsetzung des RealityView. Die Auswertung einer Eye-Tracking-Pilotstudie erbrachte den Nachweis, dass Fußg{\"a}nger die Navigationsanweisung auf markante Objekte der Umwelt beziehen, deren Auswahl durch den Einsatz von Augmented Reality beg{\"u}nstigt wird.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Piluso2012,
  author    = {Piluso, Susanna},
  title     = {Design of biopolymer-based networks with defined molecular architecture},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59865},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In this work, the synthesis of biopolymer-based hydrogel networks with defined architecture is presented. In order to obtain materials with defined properties, the chemoselective copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (or Click Chemistry) was used for the synthesis of gelatin-based hydrogels. Alkyne-functionalized gelatin was reacted with four different diazide crosslinkers above its sol-gel transition to suppress the formation of triple helices. By variation of the crosslinking density and the crosslinker flexibility, the swelling (Q: 150-470 vol.-\%;) and the Young's and shear moduli (E: 50 kPa - 635 kPa, G': 0.1 kPa - 16 kPa) could be tuned in the kPa range. In order to understand the network structure, a method based on the labelling of free functional groups within the hydrogel was developed. Gelatin-based hydrogels were incubated with alkyne-functionalized fluorescein to detect the free azide groups, resulting from the formation of dangling chains. Gelatin hydrogels were also incubated with azido-functionalized fluorescein to check the presence of alkyne groups available for the attachment of bioactive molecules. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, the amount of crosslinking, grafting and free alkyne groups could be determined. Dangling chains were observed in samples prepared by using an excess of crosslinker and also when using equimolar amounts of alkyne:azide. In the latter case the amount of dangling chains was affected by the crosslinker structure. Specifically, 0.1\% of dangling chains were found using 4,4'-diazido-2,2'-stilbene-disulfonic acid as cosslinker, 0.06\% with 1,8-diazidooctane, 0.05\% with 1,12-diazidododecane and 0.022 \% with PEG-diazide. This observation could be explained considering the structure of the crosslinkers. During network formation, the movements of the gelatin chains are restricted due to the formation of covalent netpoints. A further crosslinking will be possible only in the case of crosslinker that are flexible and long enough to reach another chain. The method used to obtain defined gelatin-based hydrogels enabled also the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with tailorable properties. Alkyne-functionalized hyaluronic acid was crosslinked with three different linkers having two terminal azide functionalities. By variation of the crosslinking density and crosslinker type, hydrogels with elastic moduli in the range of 0.5-3 kPa have been prepared. The variation of the crosslinking density and crosslinker type had furthermore an influence also on the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of gelatin-based hydrogels. Hydrogels with a low crosslinker amount experienced a faster decrease in mass loss and elastic modulus compared to hydrogels with higher crosslinker content. Moreover, the structure of the crosslinker had a strong influence on the enzymatic degradation. Hydrogels containing a crosslinker with a rigid structure were much more resistant to enzymatic degradation than hydrogels containing a flexible crosslinker. During hydrolytic degradation, the hydrogel became softer while maintaining the same outer dimensions. These observations are in agreement with a bulk degradation mechanism, while the decrease in size of the hydrogels during enzymatic degradation suggested a surface erosion mechanism. Because of the use of small amount of crosslinker (0.002 mol.\% 0.02 mol.\%) the networks synthesized can still be defined as biopolymer-based hydrogels. However, they contain a small percentage of synthetic residues. Alternatively, a possible method to obtain biopolymer-based telechelics, which could be used as crosslinkers, was investigated. Gelatin-based fragments with defined molecular weight were obtained by controlled degradation of gelatin with hydroxylamine, due to its specific action on asparaginyl-glycine bonds. The reaction of gelatin with hydroxylamine resulted in fragments with molecular weights of 15, 25, 37, and 50 kDa (determined by SDS-PAGE) independently of the reaction time and conditions. Each of these fragments could be potentially used for the synthesis of hydrogels in which all components are biopolymer-based materials.},
  language  = {en}
}