@misc{HuberKrummenauerPenaOrtizetal.2020, author = {Huber, Veronika and Krummenauer, Linda and Pe{\~n}a-Ortiz, Cristina and Lange, Stefan and Gasparrini, Antonio and Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria and Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo and Frieler, Katja}, title = {Temperature-related excess mortality in German cities at 2 °C and higher degrees of global warming}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51651}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516511}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: Investigating future changes in temperature-related mortality as a function of global mean temperature (GMT) rise allows for the evaluation of policy-relevant climate change targets. So far, only few studies have taken this approach, and, in particular, no such assessments exist for Germany, the most populated country of Europe. Methods: We assess temperature-related mortality in 12 major German cities based on daily time-series of all-cause mortality and daily mean temperatures in the period 1993-2015, using distributed-lag non-linear models in a two-stage design. Resulting risk functions are applied to estimate excess mortality in terms of GMT rise relative to pre-industrial levels, assuming no change in demographics or population vulnerability. Results: In the observational period, cold contributes stronger to temperature-related mortality than heat, with overall attributable fractions of 5.49\% (95\%CI: 3.82-7.19) and 0.81\% (95\%CI: 0.72-0.89), respectively. Future projections indicate that this pattern could be reversed under progressing global warming, with heat-related mortality starting to exceed cold-related mortality at 3 degrees C or higher GMT rise. Across cities, projected net increases in total temperature-related mortality were 0.45\% (95\%CI: -0.02-1.06) at 3 degrees C, 1.53\% (95\%CI: 0.96-2.06) at 4 degrees C, and 2.88\% (95\%CI: 1.60-4.10) at 5 degrees C, compared to today's warming level of 1 degrees C. By contrast, no significant difference was found between projected total temperature-related mortality at 2 degrees C versus 1 degrees C of GMT rise. Conclusions: Our results can inform current adaptation policies aimed at buffering the health risks from increased heat exposure under climate change. They also allow for the evaluation of global mitigation efforts in terms of local health benefits in some of Germany's most populated cities.}, language = {en} } @book{KuhlmannFranzkeDumasetal.2023, author = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Franzke, Jochen and Dumas, Beno{\^i}t Paul and Heuberger, Moritz}, title = {Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandeln in der Coronakrise}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-553-8}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56646}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566469}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {145}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Coronapandemie hat die zentrale Rolle von Staat und Verwaltung f{\"u}r die Krisenbew{\"a}ltigung deutlich gemacht sowie ins Zentrum wissenschaftlicher und {\"o}ffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit ger{\"u}ckt. Das intergouvernementale Pandemiemanagement, das Zusammenwirken verschiedener Politik- und Verwaltungsebenen im f{\"o}deralen Staat und die Einbringung wissenschaftlicher Expertise haben sich in der Pandemie als entscheidende institutionelle Stellschrauben erwiesen. Zugleich sind erhebliche Schwachstellen und Engp{\"a}sse zu Tage getreten, die teilweise zu institutioneller {\"U}berforderung, Reibungsverlusten, Koordinationsschw{\"a}chen oder gar Institutionenversagen gef{\"u}hrt haben. Beklagt wurden zudem Maßnahmenpakete und Entscheidungsoutputs, die hinsichtlich ihrer Evidenz- und Wissensbasis teils umstritten waren und in ihrem Zustandekommen hinreichende Legitimation, Zurechenbarkeit, Nachvollziehbarkeit und Transparenz vermissen ließen. Der seit M{\"a}rz 2020 andauernde Krisenzustand hat einen neuartigen, vom bisherigen Normalzustand stark abweichenden Modus des Regierens und des Verwaltungsmanagements in Deutschland geschaffen. In diesem Bereich herrscht weiterhin ein erheblicher politik- und verwaltungswissenschaftlicher Forschungsbedarf, zu dessen Befriedigung diese Studie beitragen soll.}, language = {de} } @misc{WutzlerHudsonThieken2022, author = {Wutzler, Bianca and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1304}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57735}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577350}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Eckert2022, author = {Eckert, Silvia}, title = {Trait variation in changing environments: Assessing the role of DNA methylation in non-native plant species}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56884}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-568844}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VIII, 134, CXXX}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The increasing introduction of non-native plant species may pose a threat to local biodiversity. However, the basis of successful plant invasion is not conclusively understood, especially since these plant species can adapt to the new range within a short period of time despite impoverished genetic diversity of the starting populations. In this context, DNA methylation is considered promising to explain successful adaptation mechanisms in the new habitat. DNA methylation is a heritable variation in gene expression without changing the underlying genetic information. Thus, DNA methylation is considered a so-called epigenetic mechanism, but has been studied in mainly clonally reproducing plant species or genetic model plants. An understanding of this epigenetic mechanism in the context of non-native, predominantly sexually reproducing plant species might help to expand knowledge in biodiversity research on the interaction between plants and their habitats and, based on this, may enable more precise measures in conservation biology. For my studies, I combined chemical DNA demethylation of field-collected seed material from predominantly sexually reproducing species and rearing offsping under common climatic conditions to examine DNA methylation in an ecological-evolutionary context. The contrast of chemically treated (demethylated) plants, whose variation in DNA methylation was artificially reduced, and untreated control plants of the same species allowed me to study the impact of this mechanism on adaptive trait differentiation and local adaptation. With this experimental background, I conducted three studies examining the effect of DNA methylation in non-native species along a climatic gradient and also between climatically divergent regions. The first study focused on adaptive trait differentiation in two invasive perennial goldenrod species, Solidago canadensis sensu latu and S. gigantea AITON, along a climate gradient of more than 1000 km in length in Central Europe. I found population differences in flowering timing, plant height, and biomass in the temporally longer-established S. canadensis, but only in the number of regrowing shoots for S. gigantea. While S. canadensis did not show any population structure, I was able to identify three genetic groups along this climatic gradient in S. gigantea. Surprisingly, demethylated plants of both species showed no change in the majority of traits studied. In the subsequent second study, I focused on the longer-established goldenrod species S. canadensis and used molecular analyses to infer spatial epigenetic and genetic population differences in the same specimens from the previous study. I found weak genetic but no epigenetic spatial variation between populations. Additionally, I was able to identify one genetic marker and one epigenetic marker putatively susceptible to selection. However, the results of this study reconfirmed that the epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation appears to be hardly involved in adaptive processes within the new range in S. canadensis. Finally, I conducted a third study in which I reciprocally transplanted short-lived plant species between two climatically divergent regions in Germany to investigate local adaptation at the plant family level. For this purpose, I used four plant families (Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae) and here I additionally compared between non-native and native plant species. Seeds were transplanted to regions with a distance of more than 600 kilometers and had either a temperate-oceanic or a temperate-continental climate. In this study, some species were found to be maladapted to their own local conditions, both in non-native and native plant species alike. In demethylated individuals of the plant species studied, DNA methylation had inconsistent but species-specific effects on survival and biomass production. The results of this study highlight that DNA methylation did not make a substantial contribution to local adaptation in the non-native as well as native species studied. In summary, my work showed that DNA methylation plays a negligible role in both adaptive trait variation along climatic gradients and local adaptation in non-native plant species that either exhibit a high degree of genetic variation or rely mainly on sexual reproduction with low clonal propagation. I was able to show that the adaptive success of these non-native plant species can hardly be explained by DNA methylation, but could be a possible consequence of multiple introductions, dispersal corridors and meta-population dynamics. Similarly, my results illustrate that the use of plant species that do not predominantly reproduce clonally and are not model plants is essential to characterize the effect size of epigenetic mechanisms in an ecological-evolutionary context.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Chemeta2022, author = {Chemeta, David}, title = {Nation, migration, narration}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51830}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518308}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {496}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In France and in Germany, immigration as become one of the main issues in the past decades. In this context rose also the rap music. It has a huge popularity for young people with migration background. However rappers do write a lot about their French or German identity. The goal of this work is to explain the paradox : how can people with migration background, expressing critics against the racism they regard as omnipresent, still feel fully French/German? We divided the work between following chapters: Context, methodology and theories (I); analysis of different identity forms within the text corpus (II); analysis of the way rappers see their society in three chronological steps (III-V); case studies of Kery James in France and Samy Deluxe in Germany (VI).}, language = {fr} } @misc{DielGligor2022, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Diel-Gligor, Katharina}, title = {Der Amicus Curiae im deutsch-franz{\"o}sischen Vergleich - eine Untersuchung der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit}, series = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, journal = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2701-391X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54062}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-540620}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 83}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In den vergangenen Jahren hat der im anglo-amerikanischen Rechtsraum wurzelnde Amicus Curiae, wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Auspr{\"a}gung, Eingang in die Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeiten in Deutschland und Frankreich gefunden. Dabei erweist sich die franz{\"o}sische Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht als progressiv, da das Verfahrensinstrument hier - im Gegensatz zur deutschen Rechtslage - bereits positiv-rechtlich normiert ist. Diese Fortschrittlichkeit hat sich bisher jedoch nicht merklich auf die Drittinterventionspraxis niedergeschlagen, besitzen Amicus Curiae-Stellungnahmen doch in beiden L{\"a}ndern und {\"u}ber alle verwaltungsgerichtlichen Instanzen hinweg noch immer Seltenheitswert. Da mithin keine Generalisierungen zur dieser Rechtspraxis erlaubt sind, kann sich eine Analyse der m{\"o}glichen funktionalen Rolle derartiger Amicus Curiae-Stellungnahmen nur auf theoretische {\"U}berlegungen st{\"u}tzen. Danach ist eine Informationsfunktion gegen{\"u}ber dem Gericht in Bezug auf Tatsachen- und Rechtsfragen klar zu bejahen. Auch d{\"u}rfte der Verfahrensmechanismus ein zus{\"a}tzliches - wenngleich nicht demokratisches - Legitimationspotential f{\"u}r gerichtliche Entscheidungen besitzen: Indem dieser gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und damit gleichzeitig die Einbettung verwaltungsgerichtlicher Verfahren in den jeweiligen sozialen Kontext erm{\"o}glicht, kann er zur Steigerung der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der zunehmend unter Rechtsfertigungsdruck geratenden Richtermacht beitragen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Kim2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kim, Taeyeong}, title = {The involvement of the two German states in Korea during the 1950s in the context of the Cold War}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-526039}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {100}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This master thesis will analyze the background of the involvement of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in Korea during the 1950s in the context of the Cold War. In both Korean states, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) as well as the Republic of Korea (ROK), the so-called humanitarian aid that was provided to them in the form of medical and economic assistance to help surmount the hardship of the postwar period is remembered with great appreciation to this day. However, critical views on the German engagement in Korea are still relatively hard to find. In this paper, two exemplary cases will be studied: the GDR's city reconstruction project in the North Korean cities of Hamheung and Heungnam and the FRG's medical assistance to the ROK by means of the West German Red Cross Hospital in Busan. By looking at primary sources like governmental documents, this thesis will examine the geopolitical conditions and particular national interests that stood behind the German development and humanitarian aid for the Korean states at that time, thus shedding light on the political goals the two German states pursued, and the benefit they expected to derive from their engagement in Korea. Sources consulted include primary archival materials, secondary sources like monographs, journal articles, contemporary newspaper articles, and interviews with contemporary witnesses.}, language = {en} } @misc{SamprognaMohorThiekenKorup2021, author = {Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Thieken, Annegret and Korup, Oliver}, title = {Residential flood loss estimated from Bayesian multilevel models}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51774}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517743}, pages = {1599 -- 1614}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Models for the predictions of monetary losses from floods mainly blend data deemed to represent a single flood type and region. Moreover, these approaches largely ignore indicators of preparedness and how predictors may vary between regions and events, challenging the transferability of flood loss models. We use a flood loss database of 1812 German flood-affected households to explore how Bayesian multilevel models can estimate normalised flood damage stratified by event, region, or flood process type. Multilevel models acknowledge natural groups in the data and allow each group to learn from others. We obtain posterior estimates that differ between flood types, with credibly varying influences of water depth, contamination, duration, implementation of property-level precautionary measures, insurance, and previous flood experience; these influences overlap across most events or regions, however. We infer that the underlying damaging processes of distinct flood types deserve further attention. Each reported flood loss and affected region involved mixed flood types, likely explaining the uncertainty in the coefficients. Our results emphasise the need to consider flood types as an important step towards applying flood loss models elsewhere. We argue that failing to do so may unduly generalise the model and systematically bias loss estimations from empirical data.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kim2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kim, Taeyeong}, title = {The involvement of the two German states in Korea during the 1950s in the context of the Cold War}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-48731}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-487315}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {100}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This master thesis will analyze the background of the involvement of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in Korea during the 1950s in the context of the Cold War. In both Korean states, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) as well as the Republic of Korea (ROK), the so-called humanitarian aid that was provided to them in the form of medical and economic assistance to help surmount the hardship of the postwar period is remembered with great appreciation to this day. However, critical views on the German engagement in Korea are still relatively hard to find. In this paper, two exemplary cases will be studied: the GDR's city reconstruction project in the North Korean cities of Hamheung and Heungnam and the FRG's medical assistance to the ROK by means of the West German Red Cross Hospital in Busan. By looking at primary sources like governmental documents, this thesis will examine the geopolitical conditions and particular national interests that stood behind the German development and humanitarian aid for the Korean states at that time, thus shedding light on the political goals the two German states pursued, and the benefit they expected to derive from their engagement in Korea. Sources consulted include primary archival materials, secondary sources like monographs, journal articles, contemporary newspaper articles, and interviews with contemporary witnesses.}, language = {en} } @misc{SemkeTiberius2020, author = {Semke, Lisa-Marie and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Corporate Foresight and Dynamic Capabilities}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {128}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47448}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474487}, pages = {180 -- 193}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Firms engage in forecasting and foresight activities to predict the future or explore possible future states of the business environment in order to pre-empt and shape it (corporate foresight). Similarly, the dynamic capabilities approach addresses relevant firm capabilities to adapt to fast change in an environment that threatens a firm's competitiveness and survival. However, despite these conceptual similarities, their relationship remains opaque. To close this gap, we conduct qualitative interviews with foresight experts as an exploratory study. Our results show that foresight and dynamic capabilities aim at an organizational renewal to meet future challenges. Foresight can be regarded as a specific activity that corresponds with the sensing process of dynamic capabilities. The experts disagree about the relationship between foresight and sensing and see no direct links with transformation. However, foresight can better inform post-sensing activities and, therefore, indirectly contribute to the adequate reconfiguration of the resource base, an increased innovativeness, and firm performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{LaudanZoellerThieken2020, author = {Laudan, Jonas and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {Flash floods versus river floods}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {968}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47397}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473974}, pages = {999 -- 1023}, year = {2020}, abstract = {River floods are among the most damaging natural hazards that frequently occur in Germany. Flooding causes high economic losses and impacts many residents. In 2016, several southern German municipalities were hit by flash floods after unexpectedly severe heavy rainfall, while in 2013 widespread river flooding had occurred. This study investigates and compares the psychological impacts of river floods and flash floods and potential consequences for precautionary behaviour. Data were collected using computer-aided telephone interviews that were conducted among flood-affected households around 9 months after each damaging event. This study applies Bayesian statistics and negative binomial regressions to test the suitability of psychological indicators to predict the precaution motivation of individuals. The results show that it is not the particular flood type but rather the severity and local impacts of the event that are crucial for the different, and potentially negative, impacts on mental health. According to the used data, however, predictions of the individual precaution motivation should not be based on the derived psychological indicators - i.e. coping appraisal, threat appraisal, burden and evasion - since their explanatory power was generally low and results are, for the most part, non-significant. Only burden reveals a significant positive relation to planned precaution regarding weak flash floods. In contrast to weak flash floods and river floods, the perceived threat of strong flash floods is significantly lower although feelings of burden and lower coping appraisals are more pronounced. Further research is needed to better include psychological assessment procedures and to focus on alternative data sources regarding floods and the connected precaution motivation of affected residents.}, language = {en} } @misc{Lang2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Lang, Simon}, title = {Die Neuausrichtung der Clusterpolitik der Europ{\"a}ischen Union im Rahmen der Europa 2020 Strategie und ihre Wirkung in den Mitgliedsstaaten Deutschland und Frankreich}, series = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, journal = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, number = {3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2701-391X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47286}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472860}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XXII, 88}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Clusterpolitik als Politikfeld an der Schnittstelle von Industrie-, Innovations- (F\&E) und Regionalpolitik entwickelte sich Mitte der 1990er Jahre zuerst in einigen EU Mitgliedsstaaten, darunter Deutschland. Mit einem Abstand von rund 10 Jahren begann die Herausbildung als eigenes Politikfeld in Frankreich. Die europ{\"a}ische Ebene begann ebenfalls erst ab Mitte der 2000er Jahre im Zusammenhang mit der Lissabon Strategie sich intensiver mit Clustern und Clusterpolitik zu besch{\"a}ftigen und entwickelte ab 2008 Jahren einen systematischen Politikansatz. Der Anstoß zur Politikfeldentwicklung auf dem Gebiet der Clusterpolitik ging in Europa also gerade nicht von der EU-Ebene aus. Auch wenn das Politikfeld „EU-Clusterpolitik" einem erheblichen Wandel im Zuge der Europa 2020 Strategie unterlag, findet eine Koordinierung der mitgliedsstaatlichen Politiken durch die EU-Ebene bislang nicht statt und ist - soweit ersichtlich - von Seiten der EU auch nicht angestrebt. Die EU Clusterpolitik ist vielmehr komplement{\"a}r und unterst{\"u}tzend zu den nationalen Politiken ausgerichtet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird aufgezeigt, dass sich die drei clusterpolitischen Arenen EU, Deutschland, Frankreich weitestgehend unabh{\"a}ngig voneinander entwickelten und jeweils eigenen von unterschiedlichen Institutionen, Kontexten, Traditionen und Pfadabh{\"a}ngigkeiten bestimmten Logiken folgten. Sowohl der vertikale als auch der horizontale Verflechtungsgrad ist gering zwischen EU und Mitgliedsstaaten. Verflechtungsmuster beginnen gerade erst sich auszudifferenzieren. Jedoch sind Policy-Transfer oder sogar Policy-Learning Prozesse zwischen den drei Arenen EU, Deutschland und Frankreich schon in Ans{\"a}tzen erkennbar. Es gibt deutliche Unterschiede in den Clusterpolitiken Frankreichs und Deutschlands. Clusterpolitik wird in Deutschland in erster Linie auf Ebene der L{\"a}nder konzipiert und implementiert, w{\"a}hrend sie in Frankreich nach wie vor vom Zentralstaat gesteuert wird - wenn auch mit zunehmend konzeptioneller Beteiligung der regionalen Ebene. Die Neuausrichtung der EU Clusterpolitik im Rahmen der Europa 2020 Strategie fand in Frankreich eine deutlich st{\"a}rkere Resonanz als in Deutschland. Die Handlungslogik hinter den clusterpolitischen Maßnahmen der EU mit Bezug zur Lissabon-Strategie lag in der Verbesserung der Innovationsf{\"a}higkeit - die Handlungslogik der clusterpolitischen Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Europa 2020 Strategie liegt in der Modernisierung der industriellen Basis Europas durch Entwicklung neuer Wertsch{\"o}pfungsketten. Die EU Clusterpolitik unterlag insofern einem erheblichen Wandel.}, language = {de} } @misc{Lendermann2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Lendermann, Marc}, title = {Die Digitalwirtschaft als Herausforderung f{\"u}r das Wettbewerbsrecht - welcher Reformbedarf in Deutschland, Frankreich und der EU?}, series = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, journal = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2701-391X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45914}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459142}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 61}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Der bislang in Deutschland und Frankreich sowie auf EU-Ebene geltende Rechtsrahmen ist grunds{\"a}tzlich geeignet, um den Besonderheiten der Digitalwirtschaft Rechnung tragen zu k{\"o}nnen. Legislatives Handeln scheint insbesondere dort sinnvoll, wo es zur Effektivierung der Durchsetzung des bestehenden Rechts beitr{\"a}gt. Dies betrifft unter anderem die St{\"a}rkung einstweiliger Maßnahmen, f{\"u}r deren Anwendung Frankreich als Vorbild dienen kann. In den untersuchten Rechtsordnungen l{\"a}sst sich ein inkrementeller Politikansatz beobachten: die S{\"a}ulen des Wettbewerbsrechts werken sukzessive in den Blick genommen und gesetzgeberische Maßnahmen nur schrittweise vorgenommen. Die in Deutschland und Frankreich gef{\"u}hrten Diskussionen und bereits vorgenommenen gesetzgeberischen Maßnahmen deuten derzeit auf eine zunehmende Divergenz zwischen deutschem und franz{\"o}sischem Wettbewerbsrecht bei den Antworten auf die Herausforderungen der Digitalwirtschaft hin. Zum einen, weil die in Deutschland vorgenommenen {\"A}nderungen der Zusammenschlusskontrolle in Frankreich nicht {\"u}bernommen werden. Zum anderen, weil die in Deutschland diskutierten Vorschl{\"a}ge zur Reform der Missbrauchsaufsicht kaum auf das franz{\"o}sische Recht {\"u}bertragbar sind.}, language = {de} } @misc{Michel2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Michel, Beno{\^i}t}, title = {Soutenir l'innovation dans le secteur spatial}, series = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, journal = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2701-391X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435997}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 59}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Seit dem Beginn der Raumfahrzeit in den F{\"u}nfzigern haben Frankreich und Deutschland zur Entstehung einer europ{\"a}ischen Raumfahrtindustrie beigetragen. Beide L{\"a}nder sind in diesem Sektor Hauptakteure und Hauptpartner. Die Europ{\"a}ische Weltraumorganisation, die sich auf diese zivile und milit{\"a}rische Doppelindustrie st{\"u}tzt, hat Europa auf der Weltb{\"u}hne einen wichtigen Platz einger{\"a}umt. Um die Jahrhundertwende hat das Schaffen von Clustern dazu beigetragen, die Innovation in einem Sektor zu unterst{\"u}tzen, der wegen neuer internationaler Akteure in Frage gestellt wird. Diese Cluster haben sich auf der wirtschaftlichen Ebene des Sektors etabliert: in diesen Organisationen koexistieren private und {\"o}ffentliche Akteure, die von der Forschung bis zur Implementierung der entwickelten Technologien zusammenarbeiten. Zu der Vielzahl der Maßnahmen zur Innovationsf{\"o}rderung in Frankreich und Deutschland werden nun die von der Europ{\"a}ischen Kommission festgelegten europ{\"a}ischen Ziele hinzugef{\"u}gt. Wettbewerbscluster werden nicht mehr als privilegierte Instrumente der europ{\"a}ischen Weltraumpolitik identifiziert wie in den deutsch-franz{\"o}sischen Kooperationsprojekten der letzten Jahre. Die lokalen Kapazit{\"a}ten dieser Organisationen sind nicht den heutigen europ{\"a}ischen wirtschaftlichen Probleme angepasst und erlauben es nicht, sich effektiv in die moderne Raumfahrtindustrie zu integrieren.}, language = {fr} } @misc{JungKraheBusching2017, author = {Jung, Janis Moritz and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert}, title = {Differential risk profiles for reactive and proactive aggression}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {588}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43322}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433229}, pages = {71 -- 84}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This two-wave longitudinal study identified configurations of social rejection, affiliation with aggressive peers, and academic failure and examined their predictivity for reactive and proactive aggression in a sample of 1,479 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 19 years. Latent profile analysis yielded three configurations of risk factors, made up of a non-risk group, a risk group scoring high on measures of social rejection (SR), and a risk group scoring high on measures of affiliation with aggressive peers and academic failure (APAF). Latent path analysis revealed that, as predicted, only membership in the SR group at T1 predicted reactive aggression at T2 17 months later. By contrast, only membership in the APAF group at T1 predicted proactive aggression at T2.}, language = {en} } @misc{SiegShinkoVogeletal.2019, author = {Sieg, Tobias and Shinko, Thomas and Vogel, Kristin and Mechler, Reinhard and Merz, Bruno and Kreibich, Heidi}, title = {Integrated assessment of short-term direct and indirect economic flood impacts including uncertainty quantification}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {708}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42911}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429119}, pages = {21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Understanding and quantifying total economic impacts of flood events is essential for flood risk management and adaptation planning. Yet, detailed estimations of joint direct and indirect flood-induced economic impacts are rare. In this study an innovative modeling procedure for the joint assessment of short-term direct and indirect economic flood impacts is introduced. The procedure is applied to 19 economic sectors in eight federal states of Germany after the flood events in 2013. The assessment of the direct economic impacts is object-based and considers uncertainties associated with the hazard, the exposed objects and their vulnerability. The direct economic impacts are then coupled to a supply-side Input-Output-Model to estimate the indirect economic impacts. The procedure provides distributions of direct and indirect economic impacts which capture the associated uncertainties. The distributions of the direct economic impacts in the federal states are plausible when compared to reported values. The ratio between indirect and direct economic impacts shows that the sectors Manufacturing, Financial and Insurance activities suffered the most from indirect economic impacts. These ratios also indicate that indirect economic impacts can be almost as high as direct economic impacts. They differ strongly between the economic sectors indicating that the application of a single factor as a proxy for the indirect impacts of all economic sectors is not appropriate.}, language = {en} } @misc{KreibichMuellerSchroeteretal.2017, author = {Kreibich, Heidi and M{\"u}ller, Meike and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {New insights into flood warning reception and emergency response by affected parties}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {659}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41838}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418381}, pages = {18}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Flood damage can be mitigated if the parties at risk are reached by flood warnings and if they know how to react appropriately. To gain more knowledge about warning reception and emergency response of private households and companies, surveys were undertaken after the August 2002 and the June 2013 floods in Germany. Despite pronounced regional differences, the results show a clear overall picture: in 2002, early warnings did not work well; e.g. many households (27 \%) and companies (45 \%) stated that they had not received any flood warnings. Additionally, the preparedness of private households and companies was low in 2002, mainly due to a lack of flood experience. After the 2002 flood, many initiatives were launched and investments undertaken to improve flood risk management, including early warnings and an emergency response in Germany. In 2013, only a small share of the affected households (5 \%) and companies (3 \%) were not reached by any warnings. Additionally, private households and companies were better prepared. For instance, the share of companies which have an emergency plan in place has increased from 10\% in 2002 to 34\% in 2013. However, there is still room for improvement, which needs to be triggered mainly by effective risk and emergency communication. The challenge is to continuously maintain and advance an integrated early warning and emergency response system even without the occurrence of extreme floods.}, language = {en} } @misc{LaudanRoezerSiegetal.2017, author = {Laudan, Jonas and R{\"o}zer, Viktor and Sieg, Tobias and Vogel, Kristin and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {Damage assessment in Braunsbach 2016}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {653}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41839}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418392}, pages = {17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Flash floods are caused by intense rainfall events and represent an insufficiently understood phenomenon in Germany. As a result of higher precipitation intensities, flash floods might occur more frequently in future. In combination with changing land use patterns and urbanisation, damage mitigation, insurance and risk management in flash-flood-prone regions are becoming increasingly important. However, a better understanding of damage caused by flash floods requires ex post collection of relevant but yet sparsely available information for research. At the end of May 2016, very high and concentrated rainfall intensities led to severe flash floods in several southern German municipalities. The small town of Braunsbach stood as a prime example of the devastating potential of such events. Eight to ten days after the flash flood event, damage assessment and data collection were conducted in Braunsbach by investigating all affected buildings and their surroundings. To record and store the data on site, the open-source software bundle KoBoCollect was used as an efficient and easy way to gather information. Since the damage driving factors of flash floods are expected to differ from those of riverine flooding, a post-hoc data analysis was performed, aiming to identify the influence of flood processes and building attributes on damage grades, which reflect the extent of structural damage. Data analyses include the application of random forest, a random general linear model and multinomial logistic regression as well as the construction of a local impact map to reveal influences on the damage grades. Further, a Spearman's Rho correlation matrix was calculated. The results reveal that the damage driving factors of flash floods differ from those of riverine floods to a certain extent. The exposition of a building in flow direction shows an especially strong correlation with the damage grade and has a high predictive power within the constructed damage models. Additionally, the results suggest that building materials as well as various building aspects, such as the existence of a shop window and the surroundings, might have an effect on the resulting damage. To verify and confirm the outcomes as well as to support future mitigation strategies, risk management and planning, more comprehensive and systematic data collection is necessary.}, language = {en} } @misc{SpekkersRoezerThiekenetal.2017, author = {Spekkers, Matthieu and R{\"o}zer, Viktor and Thieken, Annegret and ten Veldhuis, Marie-Claire and Kreibich, Heidi}, title = {A comparative survey of the impacts of extreme rainfall in two international case studies}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {640}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41843}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418432}, pages = {1337 -- 1355}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Flooding is assessed as the most important natural hazard in Europe, causing thousands of deaths, affecting millions of people and accounting for large economic losses in the past decade. Little is known about the damage processes associated with extreme rainfall in cities, due to a lack of accurate, comparable and consistent damage data. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of extreme rainfall on residential buildings and how affected households coped with these impacts in terms of precautionary and emergency actions. Analyses are based on a unique dataset of damage characteristics and a wide range of potential damage explaining variables at the household level, collected through computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) and an online survey. Exploratory data analyses based on a total of 859 completed questionnaires in the cities of Munster (Germany) and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) revealed that the uptake of emergency measures is related to characteristics of the hazardous event. In case of high water levels, more efforts are made to reduce damage, while emergency response that aims to prevent damage is less likely to be effective. The difference in magnitude of the events in Munster and Amsterdam, in terms of rainfall intensity and water depth, is probably also the most important cause for the differences between the cities in terms of the suffered financial losses. Factors that significantly contributed to damage in at least one of the case studies are water contamination, the presence of a basement in the building and people's awareness of the upcoming event. Moreover, this study confirms conclusions by previous studies that people's experience with damaging events positively correlates with precautionary behaviour. For improving future damage data acquisition, we recommend the inclusion of cell phones in a CATI survey to avoid biased sampling towards certain age groups.}, language = {en} } @techreport{ThiekenDierckDunstetal.2018, author = {Thieken, Annegret and Dierck, Julia and Dunst, Lea and G{\"o}pfert, Christian and Heidenreich, Anna and Hetz, Karen and Kern, Julia and Kern, Kristine and Lipp, Torsten and Lippert, Cordine and Meves, Monika and Niederhafner, Stefan and Otto, Antje and Rohrbacher, Christian and Schmidt, Katja and Strate, Leander and Stumpp, Inga and Walz, Ariane}, title = {Urbane Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen - Typologien und Transfer von Anpassungsstrategien in kleinen Großst{\"a}dten und Mittelst{\"a}dten (ExTrass)}, organization = {Leibniz-Institut f{\"u}r Raumbezogene Sozialforschung, adelphi research gGmbH}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416067}, pages = {102}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Weltweit verursachen St{\"a}dte etwa 70 \% der Treibhausgasemissionen und sind daher wichtige Akteure im Klimaschutz bzw. eine wichtige Zielgruppe von Klimapolitiken. Gleichzeitig sind St{\"a}dte besonders stark von m{\"o}glichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels betroffen: Insbesondere extreme Wetterereignisse wie Hitzewellen oder Starkregenereignisse mit {\"U}berflutungen verursachen in St{\"a}dten hohe Sachsch{\"a}den und wirken sich negativ auf die Gesundheit der st{\"a}dtischen Bev{\"o}lkerung aus. Daher verfolgt das Projekt ExTrass das Ziel, die st{\"a}dtische Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Stadtverwaltungen, Strukturen des Bev{\"o}lkerungsschutzes und der Zivilgesellschaft zu st{\"a}rken. Im Fokus stehen dabei (kreisfreie) Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dte mit 50.000 bis 500.000 Einwohnern, insbesondere die Fallstudienst{\"a}dte Potsdam, Remscheid und W{\"u}rzburg. Der vorliegende Bericht beinhaltet die Ergebnisse der 14-monatigen Definitionsphase von ExTrass, in der vor allem die Abstimmung eines Arbeitsprogramms im Mittelpunkt stand, das in einem nachfolgenden dreij{\"a}hrigen Forschungsprojekt (F+E-Phase) gemeinsam von Wissenschaft und Praxispartnern umgesetzt werden soll. Begleitend wurde eine Bestandsaufnahme von Klimaanpassungs- und Klimaschutzstrategien/-pl{\"a}nen in 99 deutschen Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dten vorgenommen. Zudem wurden f{\"u}r Potsdam und W{\"u}rzburg Pfadanalysen f{\"u}r die Klimapolitik durchgef{\"u}hrt. Darin wird insbesondere die Bedeutung von Schl{\"u}sselakteuren deutlich. Weiterhin wurden im Rahmen von Stakeholder-Workshops Anpassungsherausforderungen und aktuelle Handlungsbedarfe in den Fallstudienst{\"a}dten identifiziert und L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze erarbeitet, die in der F+E-Phase entwickelt und getestet werden sollen. Neben Maßnahmen auf gesamtst{\"a}dtischer Ebene und auf Stadtteilebene wurden Maßnahmen angestrebt, die die Risikowahrnehmung, Vorsorge und Selbsthilfef{\"a}higkeit von Unternehmen und Bev{\"o}lkerung st{\"a}rken k{\"o}nnen. Daher wurde der Stand der Risikokommunikation in Deutschland f{\"u}r das Projekt aufgearbeitet und eine erste Evaluation von Risikokommunikationswerkzeugen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der Bericht endet mit einer Kurzfassung des Arbeitsprogramms 2018-2021.}, language = {de} }