@misc{QuarmbyMoennigMugeleetal.2023, author = {Quarmby, Andrew and M{\"o}nnig, Jamal and Mugele, Hendrik and Henschke, Jakob and Kim, MyoungHwee and Cassel, Michael and Engel, Tilman}, title = {Biomechanics and lower limb function are altered in athletes and runners with achilles tendinopathy compared with healthy controls: A systematic review}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {830}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58760}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587603}, pages = {20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a debilitating injury in athletes, especially for those engaged in repetitive stretch-shortening cycle activities. Clinical risk factors are numerous, but it has been suggested that altered biomechanics might be associated with AT. No systematic review has been conducted investigating these biomechanical alterations in specifically athletic populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the lower-limb biomechanics of athletes with AT to athletically matched asymptomatic controls. Databases were searched for relevant studies investigating biomechanics during gait activities and other motor tasks such as hopping, isolated strength tasks, and reflex responses. Inclusion criteria for studies were an AT diagnosis in at least one group, cross-sectional or prospective data, at least one outcome comparing biomechanical data between an AT and healthy group, and athletic populations. Studies were excluded if patients had Achilles tendon rupture/surgery, participants reported injuries other than AT, and when only within-subject data was available.. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) with 95\% confidence intervals were calculated for relevant outcomes. The initial search yielded 4,442 studies. After screening, twenty studies (775 total participants) were synthesised, reporting on a wide range of biomechanical outcomes. Females were under-represented and patients in the AT group were three years older on average. Biomechanical alterations were identified in some studies during running, hopping, jumping, strength tasks and reflex activity. Equally, several biomechanical variables studied were not associated with AT in included studies, indicating a conflicting picture. Kinematics in AT patients appeared to be altered in the lower limb, potentially indicating a pattern of "medial collapse". Muscular activity of the calf and hips was different between groups, whereby AT patients exhibited greater calf electromyographic amplitudes despite lower plantar flexor strength. Overall, dynamic maximal strength of the plantar flexors, and isometric strength of the hips might be reduced in the AT group. This systematic review reports on several biomechanical alterations in athletes with AT. With further research, these factors could potentially form treatment targets for clinicians, although clinical approaches should take other contributing health factors into account. The studies included were of low quality, and currently no solid conclusions can be drawn.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{MartinezSeidel2023, author = {Martinez-Seidel, Federico}, title = {Ribosome Heterogeneity and Specialization during Temperature Acclimation in Plants}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58072}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-580724}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {374}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ribosomes decode mRNA to synthesize proteins. Ribosomes, once considered static, executing machines, are now viewed as dynamic modulators of translation. Increasingly detailed analyses of structural ribosome heterogeneity led to a paradigm shift toward ribosome specialization for selective translation. As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape harmful environments and evolved strategies to withstand. Plant cytosolic ribosomes are in some respects more diverse than those of other metazoans. This diversity may contribute to plant stress acclimation. The goal of this thesis was to determine whether plants use ribosome heterogeneity to regulate protein synthesis through specialized translation. I focused on temperature acclimation, specifically on shifts to low temperatures. During cold acclimation, Arabidopsis ceases growth for seven days while establishing the responses required to resume growth. Earlier results indicate that ribosome biogenesis is essential for cold acclimation. REIL mutants (reil-dkos) lacking a 60S maturation factor do not acclimate successfully and do not resume growth. Using these genotypes, I ascribed cold-induced defects of ribosome biogenesis to the assembly of the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET) by performing spatial statistics of rProtein changes mapped onto the plant 80S structure. I discovered that growth cessation and PET remodeling also occurs in barley, suggesting a general cold response in plants. Cold triggered PET remodeling is consistent with the function of Rei-1, a REIL homolog of yeast, which performs PET quality control. Using seminal data of ribosome specialization, I show that yeast remodels the tRNA entry site of ribosomes upon change of carbon sources and demonstrate that spatially constrained remodeling of ribosomes in metazoans may modulate protein synthesis. I argue that regional remodeling may be a form of ribosome specialization and show that heterogeneous cytosolic polysomes accumulate after cold acclimation, leading to shifts in the translational output that differs between wild-type and reil-dkos. I found that heterogeneous complexes consist of newly synthesized and reused proteins. I propose that tailored ribosome complexes enable free 60S subunits to select specific 48S initiation complexes for translation. Cold acclimated ribosomes through ribosome remodeling synthesize a novel proteome consistent with known mechanisms of cold acclimation. The main hypothesis arising from my thesis is that heterogeneous/ specialized ribosomes alter translation preferences, adjust the proteome and thereby activate plant programs for successful cold acclimation.}, language = {en} } @book{VanHalVanLoonMercelisetal.2023, author = {Van Hal, Toon and Van Loon, Zanna and Mercelis, Wouter and Steckley, John and Peetermans, Andy and Van Rooy, Raf and Dionne, Fannie}, title = {Anchored in ink}, editor = {Van Loon, Zanna and Steckley, John and Van Hal, Toon and Peetermans, Andy}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-516-3}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51306}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-513062}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {448}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This book serves as a gateway to the Elementa grammaticae Huronicae, an eighteenth-century grammar of the Wendat ('Huron') language by Jesuit Pierre-Philippe Potier (1708-1781). The volume falls into three main parts. The first part introduces the grammar and some of its contexts, offering information about the Huron-Wendat and Wyandot, the early modern Jesuit mission in New France and the Jesuits' linguistic output. The heart of the volume is made up by its second part, a text edition of the Elementa. The third part presents some avenues of research by way of specific case studies.}, language = {en} } @book{SzagunStumperSchramm2023, author = {Szagun, Gisela and Stumper, Barbara and Schramm, Satyam Antonio}, title = {Fragebogen zur fr{\"u}hkindlichen Sprachentwicklung}, edition = {2. aktualisierte Auflage}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58675}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-586754}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2023}, abstract = {FRAKIS (Fragebogen zur fr{\"u}hkindlichen Sprachentwicklung) ist ein Elternfragenbogen zur Erfassung des Sprachstandes bei deutsch-sprachigen Kindern zwischen 18 und 30 Monaten und die deutsche Adaptation des MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory for Toddlers. Es gibt eine Langform (FRAKIS) und Kurzform (FRAKIS-K). Der lange Fragebogen enth{\"a}lt eine Wortliste von 600 W{\"o}rtern und Skalen zur Flexionsmorphologie und Syntax, die Kurzform eine Wortschatzliste von 102 W{\"o}rtern und drei Fragen zur Grammatik. Beide Frageb{\"o}gen sind an einer Stichprobe von 1240 Kindern normiert. Die Normierungsstudie wird im Manual dargestellt. Normen werden in monatlichen Altersgruppen f{\"u}r M{\"a}dchen und Jungen getrennt, und f{\"u}r alle Kinder angegeben. Mit FRAKIS und FRAKIS-K stehen im deutschsprachigen Bereich erstmals Elternfrageb{\"o}gen zur Verf{\"u}gung, die auf empirisch gesicherten, strengen Normierungsverfahren beruhen. Die Normwerte bringen ein Bezugssystem f{\"u}r das Ausmaß an Variabilit{\"a}t im fr{\"u}hen Spracherwerb. FRAKIS-K ist geeignet f{\"u}r die Sprachstandsbestimmung im Rahmen der kinder{\"a}rztlichen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen. Kinder mit sp{\"a}tem oder verz{\"o}gertem Sprachbeginn k{\"o}nnen identifiziert werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sind die Frageb{\"o}gen geeignet f{\"u}r eine Verlaufsbeobachtung der fr{\"u}hen Sprachentwicklung, ob in Forschung oder Praxis.}, language = {de} } @article{UllrichAbramowicz2023, author = {Ullrich, Rebecca and Abramowicz, Isidoro}, title = {Ein unbekannter Piyyut f{\"u}r Schabbat aus Reckendorf}, series = {Genisa-Bl{\"a}tter IV}, journal = {Genisa-Bl{\"a}tter IV}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-539-2}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58489}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-584897}, pages = {73 -- 82}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tella2023, author = {Tella, Timothy Oluwatobi}, title = {Exploring the roles of sediment production by Photozoan and Heterozoan biotas on the evolution of carbonate system geometries through forward modelling}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58225}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582257}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvi, 123}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The role of biogenic carbonate producers in the evolution of the geometries of carbonate systems has been the subject of numerous research projects. Attempts to classify modern and ancient carbonate systems by their biotic components have led to the discrimination of biogenic carbonate producers broadly into Photozoans, which are characterised by an affinity for warm tropical waters and high dependence on light penetration, and Heterozoans which are generally associated with both cool water environments and nutrient-rich settings with little to no light penetration. These broad categories of carbonate sediment producers have also been recognised to dominate in specific carbonate systems. Photozoans are commonly dominant in flat-topped platforms with steep margins, while Heterozoans generally dominate carbonate ramps. However, comparatively little is known on how these two main groups of carbonate producers interact in the same system and impact depositional geometries responding to changes in environmental conditions such as sea level fluctuation, antecedent slope, sediment transport processes, etc. This thesis presents numerical models to investigate the evolution of Miocene carbonate systems in the Mediterranean from two shallow marine domains: 1) a Miocene flat-topped platform dominated by Photozoans, with a significant component of Hetrozoans in the slope and 2) a Heterozoan distally steepened ramp, with seagrass-influenced (Photozoan) inner ramp. The overarching aim of the three articles comprising this cumulative thesis is to provide a numerical study of the role of Photozoans and Heterozoans in the evolution of carbonate system geometries and how these biotas respond to changes in environmental conditions. This aim was achieved using stratigraphic forward modelling, which provides an approach to quantitatively integrate multi-scale datasets to reconstruct sedimentary processes and products during the evolution of a sedimentary system. In a Photozoan-dominated carbonate system, such as the Miocene Llucmajor platform in Western Mediterranean, stratigraphic forward modelling dovetailed with a robust set of sensitivity tests reveal how the geometry of the carbonate system is determined by the complex interaction of Heterozoan and Photozoan biotas in response to variable conditions of sea level fluctuation, substrate configuration, sediment transport processes and the dominance of Photozoan over Heterozoan production. This study provides an enhanced understanding of the different carbonate systems that are possible under different ecological and hydrodynamic conditions. The research also gives insight into the roles of different biotic associations in the evolution of carbonate geometries through time and space. The results further show that the main driver of platform progradation in a Llucmajor-type system is the lowstand production of Heterozoan sediments, which form the necessary substratum for Photozoan production. In Heterozoan systems, sediment production is mainly characterised by high transport deposits, that are prone to redistribution by waves and gravity, thereby precluding the development of steep margins. However, in the Menorca ramp, the occurrence of sediment trapping by seagrass led to the evolution of distal slope steepening. We investigated, through numerical modelling, how such a seagrass-influenced ramp responds to the frequency and amplitude of sea level changes, variable carbonate production between the euphotic and oligophotic zone, and changes in the configuration of the paleoslope. The study reinforces some previous hypotheses and presents alternative scenarios to the established concepts of high-transport ramp evolution. The results of sensitivity experiments show that steep slopes are favoured in ramps that develop in high-frequency sea level fluctuation with amplitudes between 20 m and 40 m. We also show that ramp profiles are significantly impacted by the paleoslope inclination, such that an optimal antecedent slope of about 0.15 degrees is required for the Menorca distally steepened ramp to develop. The third part presents an experimental case to argue for the existence of a Photozoan sediment threshold required for the development of steep margins in carbonate platforms. This was carried out by developing sensitivity tests on the forward models of the flat-topped (Llucmajor) platform and the distally steepened (Menorca) platform. The results show that models with Photozoan sediment proportion below a threshold of about 40\% are incapable of forming steep slopes. The study also demonstrates that though it is possible to develop steep margins by seagrass sediment trapping, such slopes can only be stabilized by the appropriate sediment fabric and/or microbial binding. In the Photozoan-dominated system, the magnitude of slope steepness depends on the proportion of Photozoan sediments in the system. Therefore, this study presents a novel tool for characterizing carbonate systems based on their biogenic components.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Prada2023, author = {Prada, Marcela}, title = {Fatty acid biomarkers of intake and metabolism and their association with type 2 diabetes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58159}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-581598}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {142}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background: The role of fatty acid (FA) intake and metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence is controversial. Some FAs are not synthesised endogenously and, therefore, these circulating FAs reflect dietary intake, for example, the trans fatty acids (TFAs), saturated odd chain fatty acids (OCFAs), and linoleic acid, an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It remains unclear if intake of TFA influence T2D risk and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect. Unlike even chain saturated FAs, the OCFAs have been inversely associated with T2D risk, but this association is poorly understood. Furthermore, the associations of n-6 PUFAs intake with T2D risk are still debated, while delta-5 desaturase (D5D), a key enzyme in the metabolism of PUFAs, has been consistently related to T2D risk. To better understand these relationships, the FA composition in circulating lipid fractions can be used as biomarkers of dietary intake and metabolism. The exploration of TFAs subtypes in plasma phospholipids and OCFAs and n-6 PUFAs within a wide range of lipid classes may give insights into the pathophysiology of T2D. Aim: This thesis aimed mainly to analyse the association of TFAs, OCFAs and n-6 PUFAs with self-reported dietary intake and prospective T2D risk, using seven types of TFAs in plasma phospholipids and deep lipidomics profiling data from fifteen lipid classes. Methods: A prospective case-cohort study was designed within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study, including all the participants who developed T2D (median follow-up 6.5 years) and a random subsample of the full cohort (subcohort: n=1248; T2D cases: n=820). The main analyses included two lipid profiles. The first was an assessment of seven TFA in plasma phospholipids, with a modified method for analysis of FA with very low abundances. The second lipid profile was derived from a high-throughout lipid profiling technology, which identified 940 distinct molecular species and allowed to quantify OCFAs and PUFAs composition across 15 lipid classes. Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) activity was estimated as 20:4/20:3-ratio. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we examined the associations of TFA subtypes with incident T2D and class-specific associations of OCFA and n-6 PUFAs with T2D risk. Results: 16:1n-7t, 18:1n-7t, and c9t11-CLA were positively correlated with the intake of fat-rich dairy foods. iTFA 18:1 isomers were positively correlated with margarine. After adjustment for confounders and other TFAs, higher plasma phospholipid concentrations of two rTFAs were associated with a lower incidence of T2D: 18:1n-7t and t10c12-CLA. In contrast, the rTFA c9t11-CLA was associated with a higher incidence of T2D. rTFA 16:1n-7t and iTFAs (18:1n-6t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6,9t) were not statistically significantly associated with T2D risk. We observed heterogeneous integration of OCFA in different lipid classes, and the contribution of 15:0 versus 17:0 to the total OCFA abundance differed across lipid classes. Consumption of fat-rich dairy and fiber-rich foods were positively and red meat inversely correlated to OCFA abundance in plasma phospholipid classes. In women only, higher abundances of 15:0 in phosphatidylcholines (PC) and diacylglycerols (DG), and 17:0 in PC, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and cholesterol esters (CE) were inversely associated with T2D risk. In men and women, a higher abundance of 15:0 in monoacylglycerols (MG) was also inversely associated with T2D. Conversely, a higher 15:0 concentration in LPC and triacylglycerols (TG) was associated with higher T2D risk in men. Women with a higher concentration of 17:0 as free fatty acids (FFA) also had higher T2D incidence. The integration of n-6 PUFAs in lipid classes was also heterogeneous. 18:2 was highly abundant in phospholipids (particularly PC), CE, and TG; 20:3 represented a small fraction of FA in most lipid classes, and 20:4 accounted for a large proportion of circulating phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). Higher concentrations of 18:2 were inversely associated with T2D risk, especially within DG, TG, and LPC. However, 18:2 as part of MG was positively associated with T2D risk. Higher concentrations of 20:3 in phospholipids (PC, PE, PI), FFA, CE, and MG were linked to higher T2D incidence. 20:4 was unrelated to risk in most lipid classes, except positive associations were observed for 20:4 enriched in FFA and PE. The estimated D5D activities in PC, PE, PI, LPC, and CE were inversely associated with T2D and explained variance of estimated D5D activity by genomic variation in the FADS locus was only substantial in those lipid classes. Conclusion: The TFAs' conformation is essential in their relationship to diabetes risk, as indicated by plasma rTFA subtypes concentrations having opposite directions of associations with diabetes risk. Plasma OCFA concentration is linked to T2D risk in a lipid class and sex-specific manner. Plasma n-6 PUFA concentrations are associated differently with T2D incidence depending on the specific FA and the lipid class. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of circulating FAs and their heterogeneous association with T2D risk depending on the specific FA structure, lipid class, and sex. My results extend the evidence of the relationship between diet, lipid metabolism, and subsequent T2D risk. In addition, my work generated several potential new biomarkers of dietary intake and prospective T2D risk.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ehlert2023, author = {Ehlert, Kristian}, title = {Simulations of active galactic nuclei feedback with cosmic rays and magnetic fields}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57816}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-578168}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {155}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The central gas in half of all galaxy clusters shows short cooling times. Assuming unimpeded cooling, this should lead to high star formation and mass cooling rates, which are not observed. Instead, it is believed that condensing gas is accreted by the central black hole that powers an active galactic nuclei jet, which heats the cluster. The detailed heating mechanism remains uncertain. A promising mechanism invokes cosmic ray protons that scatter on self-generated magnetic fluctuations, i.e. Alfv{\´e}n waves. Continuous damping of Alfv{\´e}n waves provides heat to the intracluster medium. Previous work has found steady state solutions for a large sample of clusters where cooling is balanced by Alfv{\´e}nic wave heating. To verify modeling assumptions, we set out to study cosmic ray injection in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of jet feedback in an idealized cluster with the moving-mesh code arepo. We analyze the interaction of jet-inflated bubbles with the turbulent magnetized intracluster medium. Furthermore, jet dynamics and heating are closely linked to the largely unconstrained jet composition. Interactions of electrons with photons of the cosmic microwave background result in observational signatures that depend on the bubble content. Those recent observations provided evidence for underdense bubbles with a relativistic filling while adopting simplifying modeling assumptions for the bubbles. By reproducing the observations with our simulations, we confirm the validity of their modeling assumptions and as such, confirm the important finding of low-(momentum) density jets. In addition, the velocity and magnetic field structure of the intracluster medium have profound consequences for bubble evolution and heating processes. As velocity and magnetic fields are physically coupled, we demonstrate that numerical simulations can help link and thereby constrain their respective observables. Finally, we implement the currently preferred accretion model, cold accretion, into the moving-mesh code arepo and study feedback by light jets in a radiatively cooling magnetized cluster. While self-regulation is attained independently of accretion model, jet density and feedback efficiencies, we find that in order to reproduce observed cold gas morphology light jets are preferred.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{He2023, author = {He, Yangyang}, title = {Extracellular vesicles as the potential mediators of psychosocial stress contribution to osteoporosis}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59437}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-594372}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {70}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background: The characteristics of osteoporosis are decreased bone mass and destruction towards the microarchitecture of bone tissue, which raises the risk of fracture. Psychosocialstress and osteoporosis are linked by sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and other endocrine factors. Psychosocial stress causes a series of effects on the organism, and this long-term depletion at the cellular level is considered to be mitochondrial allostatic load, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the mitochondrial allostatic load process and may as biomarkers in this setting. As critical participants during cell-to-cell communications, EVs serve as transport vehicles for nucleic acid and proteins, alter the phenotypic and functional characteristics of their target cells, and promote cell-to-cell contact. And hence, they play a significant role in the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases, such as osteoporosis. Aim: This narrative review attempts to outline the features of EVs, investigate their involvement in both psychosocial stress and osteoporosis, and analyze if EVs can be potential mediators between both. Methods: The online database from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched for keywords related to the main topic of this study, and the availability of all the selected studies was verified. Afterward, the findings from the articles were summarized and synthesized. Results: Psychosocial stress affects bone remodeling through increased neurotransmitters such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines, as well as increased glucose metabolism. Furthermore, psychosocial stress leads to mitochondrial allostatic load, including oxidative stress, which may affect bone remodeling. In vitro and in vivo data suggest EVs might involve in the link between psychosocial stress and bone remodeling through the transfer of bioactive substances and thus be a potential mediator of psychosocial stress leading to osteoporosis. Conclusions: According to the included studies, psychosocial stress affects bone remodeling, leading to osteoporosis. By summarizing the specific properties of EVs and the function of EVs in both psychosocial stress and osteoporosis, respectively, it has been demonstrated that EVs are possible mediators of both, and have the prospects to be useful in innovative research areas.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Badetko2023, author = {Badetko, Dominik}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Totalsynthese von Arylnaphthalen-Lignanen mittels Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder-Reaktion als Schl{\"u}sselschritt}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59306}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-593065}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {III, 428}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden die erstmaligen Totalsynthesen der Arylnaphthalen-Lignane Alashinol D, Vitexdoin C, Vitrofolal E, Noralashinol C1 und Ternifoliuslignan E vorgestellt. Der Schl{\"u}sselschritt der entwickelten Methode, basiert auf einer regioselektiven intramolekularen Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA)-Reaktion, die mittels UV-Strahlung im Durchflussreaktor durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde. Bei der Synthese der PDDA-Vorl{\"a}ufer (Diarylsuberate) wurde eine Synthesestrategie nach dem Baukastenprinzip verfolgt. Diese erm{\"o}glicht die Darstellung asymmetrischer komplexer Systeme aus nur wenigen Grundbausteinen und die Totalsynthese einer Vielzahl an Lignanen. In systematischen Voruntersuchungen konnte zudem die klare {\"U}berlegenheit der intra- gegen{\"u}ber der intermolekularen PDDA-Reaktion aufgezeigt werden. Dabei stellte sich eine Verkn{\"u}pfung der beiden Arylpropiolester {\"u}ber einen Korks{\"a}ureb{\"u}gel, in para-Position, als besonders effizient heraus. Werden asymmetrisch substituierte Diarylsuberate, bei denen einer der endst{\"a}ndigen Estersubstituenten durch eine Trimethylsilyl-Gruppe oder ein Wasserstoffatom ersetzt wurde, verwendet, durchlaufen diese Systeme eine regioselektive Cyclisierung und als Hauptprodukt werden Naphthalenophane mit einem Methylester in 3-Position erhalten. Mit Hilfe von umfangreichen Experimenten zur Funktionalisierung der 4-Position, konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass die Substitution der nucleophilen Cycloallen-Intermediate, w{\"a}hrend der PDDA-Reaktion, generell durch die Zugabe von N-Halogen-Succinimiden m{\"o}glich ist. In Anbetracht der geringen Ausbeuten haben diese intermolekularen Abfangreaktionen, jedoch keinen pr{\"a}parativen Nutzen f{\"u}r die Totalsynthesen von Lignanen. Mit dem Ziel die allgemeinen photochemischen Reaktionsbedingungen zu optimieren, wurde erstmalig die triplettsensibilisierte PDDA-Reaktion vorgestellt. Durch die Verwendung von Xanthon als Sensibilisator wurde der Einsatz von effizienteren UVA-Lichtquellen erm{\"o}glicht, wodurch die Gefahr einer Photozersetzung durch {\"U}berbestrahlung minimiert wurde. Im Vergleich zur direkten Anregung mit UVB-Strahlung, konnten die Ausbeuten mit indirekter Anregung durch einen Photokatalysator signifikant gesteigert werden. Die grundlegenden Erkenntnisse und die entwickelten Synthesestrategien dieser Arbeit, k{\"o}nnen dazu beitragen zuk{\"u}nftig die Erschließung neuer pharmakologisch interessanter Lignane voranzutreiben. 1 Bisher ist nur die semisynthetische Darstellung von Noralashinol C ausgehend von Hydroxymatairesinol literaturbekannt.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Desnoyer2023, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Desnoyer, Sophie}, title = {Zwischen Stereotypisierung und Subversion: Michel Houellebecqs Soumission}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59414}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-594143}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {36}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der franz{\"o}sische Autor Michel Houellebecq und sein literarisches Werk sorgen in der medialen {\"O}ffentlichkeit regelm{\"a}ßig f{\"u}r Skandale, die Vorw{\"u}rfe reichen von bewusster Provokation bis hin zu diversen Diskriminierungen. Dabei unterst{\"u}tzt Houellebecq durch seine mediale Selbstinszenierung die Verwischung zwischen sich selbst als realer Person und den Erz{\"a}hlstimmen seiner Texte. Dies f{\"u}hrt auch in der Literaturwissenschaft zu wiederholten Versuchen, dem Schriftsteller und seinen Romanen eine politische Position zuzuschreiben. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Ziel dieser Abschlussarbeit, am Beispiel des 2015 bei Flammarion publizierten Romans Soumission - welchem neben Misogynie auch Islam- und Homofeindlichkeit vorgeworfen wurde -, herauszustellen, wie der Text Widerst{\"a}nde gegen konkrete politische Positionierungen und starre Bedeutungszuschreibungen aufweist. {\"U}ber eine Analyse der M{\"a}nnlichkeits- und Weiblichkeitsentw{\"u}rfe im Sinne dekonstruktiver Gendertheorien sowie {\"u}ber eine intertextuelle und postkoloniale Perspektivierung werden die Ambivalenz und das provokative Potential des Textes herausgearbeitet. Das intertextuelle Verweisspiel des Romans und die Systemreferenz zur D{\´e}cadence, besonders durch Bez{\"u}ge zu Einzeltexten und zur Biografie des Autors Joris-Karl Huysmans, bilden eine wichtige Grundlage sowohl f{\"u}r das zentrale Thema der religi{\"o}sen Konversion, die textimmanente Bedeutung der Literatur, als auch f{\"u}r die Geschlechterkonstruktionen. Trotz der Stereotypisierung von Frauenfiguren, deren gesellschaftlicher Wert vom sexuellen Begehren eines Mannes abh{\"a}ngt, oder der orientalistischen Darstellung des Islams entwirft Soumission eine komplexe Inszenierung von M{\"a}nnlichkeitsvorstellungen. Dies zeigt sich in der verunsicherten m{\"a}nnlichen Identit{\"a}t des Protagonisten Fran{\c{c}}ois, die zwischen universalem Anspruch und individueller Einzigartigkeit changiert und gleichzeitig, wie auch jene von anderen m{\"a}nnlichen Figuren, eine strikte, stereotype Geschlechterbinarit{\"a}t unterl{\"a}uft. Die Verunsicherung der Identit{\"a}t des Protagonisten spiegelt die der franz{\"o}sischen Gesellschaft wider, dabei verf{\"u}gen nur der fiktive Islam und dessen Genderpolitik {\"u}ber ausreichend St{\"a}rke, dem kulturellen Verfall des Westens etwas entgegenzusetzen. Der religi{\"o}sen Konversion zum Islam wird eine korrektive und erl{\"o}sende Funktion zugeschrieben, die in dem Akt der Unterwerfung ihren H{\"o}hepunkt findet. In den Translationsprozessen von franz{\"o}sischer, christlich gepr{\"a}gter in eine muslimisch fundierte Kultur offenbart sich nicht nur ein Angriff auf die akademische Bildungselite Frankreichs, sondern auch auf das Wissen der Literatur. Indem eine Re- und Uminterpretation literarischer Texte durch den Protagonisten und weitere Figuren f{\"u}r die neue fundamentalistische Gesellschaftsordnung vorgenommen wird, offenbart sich neben bin{\"a}ren Geschlechterkonstruktionen und diversen politischen Positionierungen auch das nationale Narrativ der franz{\"o}sischen Literatur als labile Fiktion.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{DeAndradeQueiroz2023, author = {De Andrade Queiroz, Anna Barbara}, title = {The Milky Way disks, bulge, and bar sub-populations}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59061}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-590615}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 187}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In recent decades, astronomy has seen a boom in large-scale stellar surveys of the Galaxy. The detailed information obtained about millions of individual stars in the Milky Way is bringing us a step closer to answering one of the most outstanding questions in astrophysics: how do galaxies form and evolve? The Milky Way is the only galaxy where we can dissect many stars into their high-dimensional chemical composition and complete phase space, which analogously as fossil records can unveil the past history of the genesis of the Galaxy. The processes that lead to large structure formation, such as the Milky Way, are critical for constraining cosmological models; we call this line of study Galactic archaeology or near-field cosmology. At the core of this work, we present a collection of efforts to chemically and dynamically characterise the disks and bulge of our Galaxy. The results we present in this thesis have only been possible thanks to the advent of the Gaia astrometric satellite, which has revolutionised the field of Galactic archaeology by precisely measuring the positions, parallax distances and motions of more than a billion stars. Another, though not less important, breakthrough is the APOGEE survey, which has observed spectra in the near-infrared peering into the dusty regions of the Galaxy, allowing us to determine detailed chemical abundance patterns in hundreds of thousands of stars. To accurately depict the Milky Way structure, we use and develop the Bayesian isochrone fitting tool/code called StarHorse; this software can predict stellar distances, extinctions and ages by combining astrometry, photometry and spectroscopy based on stellar evolutionary models. The StarHorse code is pivotal to calculating distances where Gaia parallaxes alone cannot allow accurate estimates. We show that by combining Gaia, APOGEE, photometric surveys and using StarHorse, we can produce a chemical cartography of the Milky way disks from their outermost to innermost parts. Such a map is unprecedented in the inner Galaxy. It reveals a continuity of the bimodal chemical pattern previously detected in the solar neighbourhood, indicating two populations with distinct formation histories. Furthermore, the data reveals a chemical gradient within the thin disk where the content of 𝛼-process elements and metals is higher towards the centre. Focusing on a sample in the inner MW we confirm the extension of the chemical duality to the innermost regions of the Galaxy. We find stars with bar shape orbits to show both high- and low-𝛼 abundances, suggesting the bar formed by secular evolution trapping stars that already existed. By analysing the chemical orbital space of the inner Galactic regions, we disentangle the multiple populations that inhabit this complex region. We reveal the presence of the thin disk, thick disk, bar, and a counter-rotating population, which resembles the outcome of a perturbed proto-Galactic disk. Our study also finds that the inner Galaxy holds a high quantity of super metal-rich stars up to three times solar suggesting it is a possible repository of old super-metal-rich stars found in the solar neighbourhood. We also enter into the complicated task of deriving individual stellar ages. With StarHorse, we calculate the ages of main-sequence turn-off and sub-giant stars for several public spectroscopic surveys. We validate our results by investigating linear relations between chemical abundances and time since the 𝛼 and neutron capture elements are sensitive to age as a reflection of the different enrichment timescales of these elements. For further study of the disks in the solar neighbourhood, we use an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to delineate a multidimensional separation of chrono-chemical stellar groups revealing the chemical thick disk, the thin disk, and young 𝛼-rich stars. The thick disk is shown to have a small age dispersion indicating its fast formation contrary to the thin disk that spans a wide range of ages. With groundbreaking data, this thesis encloses a detailed chemo-dynamical view of the disk and bulge of our Galaxy. Our findings on the Milky Way can be linked to the evolution of high redshift disk galaxies, helping to solve the conundrum of galaxy formation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Derežanin2023, author = {Derežanin, Lorena}, title = {Contribution of structural variation to adaptive evolution of mammalian genomes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59144}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-591443}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {188}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Following the extinction of dinosaurs, the great adaptive radiation of mammals occurred, giving rise to an astonishing ecological and phenotypic diversity of mammalian species. Even closely related species often inhabit vastly different habitats, where they encounter diverse environmental challenges and are exposed to different evolutionary pressures. As a response, mammals evolved various adaptive phenotypes over time, such as morphological, physiological and behavioural ones. Mammalian genomes vary in their content and structure and this variation represents the molecular mechanism for the long-term evolution of phenotypic variation. However, understanding this molecular basis of adaptive phenotypic variation is usually not straightforward. The recent development of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools has enabled a better insight into mammalian genomes. Through these advances, it was acknowledged that mammalian genomes differ more, both within and between species, as a consequence of structural variation compared to single-nucleotide differences. Structural variant types investigated in this thesis - such as deletion, duplication, inversion and insertion, represent a change in the structure of the genome, impacting the size, copy number, orientation and content of DNA sequences. Unlike short variants, structural variants can span multiple genes. They can alter gene dosage, and cause notable gene expression differences and subsequently phenotypic differences. Thus, they can lead to a more dramatic effect on the fitness (reproductive success) of individuals, local adaptation of populations and speciation. In this thesis, I investigated and evaluated the potential functional effect of structural variations on the genomes of mustelid species. To detect the genomic regions associated with phenotypic variation I assembled the first reference genome of the tayra (Eira barbara) relying on linked-read sequencing technology to achieve a high level of genome completeness important for reliable structural variant discovery. I then set up a bioinformatics pipeline to conduct a comparative genomic analysis and explore variation between mustelid species living in different environments. I found numerous genes associated with species-specific phenotypes related to diet, body condition and reproduction among others, to be impacted by structural variants. Furthermore, I investigated the effects of artificial selection on structural variants in mice selected for high fertility, increased body mass and high endurance. Through selective breeding of each mouse line, the desired phenotypes have spread within these populations, while maintaining structural variants specific to each line. In comparison to the control line, the litter size has doubled in the fertility lines, individuals in the high body mass lines have become considerably larger, and mice selected for treadmill performance covered substantially more distance. Structural variants were found in higher numbers in these trait-selected lines than in the control line when compared to the mouse reference genome. Moreover, we have found twice as many structural variants spanning protein-coding genes (specific to each line) in trait-selected lines. Several of these variants affect genes associated with selected phenotypic traits. These results imply that structural variation does indeed contribute to the evolution of the selected phenotypes and is heritable. Finally, I suggest a set of critical metrics of genomic data that should be considered for a stringent structural variation analysis as comparative genomic studies strongly rely on the contiguity and completeness of genome assemblies. Because most of the available data used to represent reference genomes of mammalian species is generated using short-read sequencing technologies, we may have incomplete knowledge of genomic features. Therefore, a cautious structural variation analysis is required to minimize the effect of technical constraints. The impact of structural variants on the adaptive evolution of mammalian genomes is slowly gaining more focus but it is still incorporated in only a small number of population studies. In my thesis, I advocate the inclusion of structural variants in studies of genomic diversity for a more comprehensive insight into genomic variation within and between species, and its effect on adaptive evolution.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Werhahn2023, author = {Werhahn, Maria}, title = {Simulating galaxy evolution with cosmic rays: the multi-frequency view}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57285}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572851}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {5, 220}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Cosmic rays (CRs) constitute an important component of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies and are thought to play an essential role in governing their evolution. In particular, they are able to impact the dynamics of a galaxy by driving galactic outflows or heating the ISM and thereby affecting the efficiency of star-formation. Hence, in order to understand galaxy formation and evolution, we need to accurately model this non-thermal constituent of the ISM. But except in our local environment within the Milky Way, we do not have the ability to measure CRs directly in other galaxies. However, there are many ways to indirectly observe CRs via the radiation they emit due to their interaction with magnetic and interstellar radiation fields as well as with the ISM. In this work, I develop a numerical framework to calculate the spectral distribution of CRs in simulations of isolated galaxies where a steady-state between injection and cooling is assumed. Furthermore, I calculate the non-thermal emission processes arising from the modelled CR proton and electron spectra ranging from radio wavelengths up to the very high-energy gamma-ray regime. I apply this code to a number of high-resolution magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of isolated galaxies, where CRs are included. This allows me to study their CR spectra and compare them to observations of the CR proton and electron spectra by the Voyager-1 satellite and the AMS-02 instrument in order to reveal the origin of the measured spectral features. Furthermore, I provide detailed emission maps, luminosities and spectra of the non-thermal emission from our simulated galaxies that range from dwarfs to Milk-Way analogues to starburst galaxies at different evolutionary stages. I successfully reproduce the observed relations between the radio and gamma-ray luminosities with the far-infrared (FIR) emission of star-forming (SF) galaxies, respectively, where the latter is a good tracer of the star-formation rate. I find that highly SF galaxies are close to the limit where their CR population would lose all of their energy due to the emission of radiation, whereas CRs tend to escape low SF galaxies more quickly. On top of that, I investigate the properties of CR transport that are needed in order to match the observed gamma-ray spectra. Furthermore, I uncover the underlying processes that enable the FIR-radio correlation (FRC) to be maintained even in starburst galaxies and find that thermal free-free-emission naturally explains the observed radio spectra in SF galaxies like M82 and NGC 253 thus solving the riddle of flat radio spectra that have been proposed to contradict the observed tight FRC. Lastly, I scrutinise the steady-state modelling of the CR proton component by investigating for the first time the influence of spectrally resolved CR transport in MHD simulations on the hadronic gamma-ray emission of SF galaxies revealing new insights into the observational signatures of CR transport both spectrally and spatially.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lucksnat2023, author = {Lucksnat, Christin}, title = {Neue Wege ins Lehramt}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58691}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-586912}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {237}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Bis zum Jahr 2035 fehlen nach neuesten Prognosen von Klemm (2022) in Deutschland ca. 127.000 Lehrkr{\"a}fte. Diese große L{\"u}cke kann nicht mehr allein durch Lehrkr{\"a}fte abge-deckt werden, die ein traditionelles Lehramtsstudium absolviert haben. Als Antwort auf den Lehrkr{\"a}ftemangel werden in Schulen in Deutschland daher vermehrt Personen ohne traditio-nelles Lehramtsstudium eingestellt, um die Unterrichtsversorgung zu gew{\"a}hrleisten (KMK, 2022). Nicht-traditionell ausgebildete Lehrkr{\"a}fte durchlaufen vor ihrer Einstellung in den Schuldienst in der Regel ein alternatives Qualifizierungsprogramm. Diese Qualifizierungs-programme sind jedoch in ihrer zeitlichen und inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung sehr heterogen und setzen unterschiedliche Eingangsvoraussetzungen der Bewerber:innen voraus (Driesner \& Arndt, 2020). Sie sind in der Regel jedoch deutlich k{\"u}rzer als traditionelle Lehramtsstudien-g{\"a}nge an Hochschulen und Universit{\"a}ten, um einen schnellen Einstieg in den Schuldienst zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Die k{\"u}rzere Qualifizierung geht damit mit einer geringeren Anzahl an Lern- und Lehrgelegenheiten einher, wie sie in einem traditionellen Lehramtsstudium zu finden w{\"a}re. Infolgedessen kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass nicht-traditionell ausgebildete Lehrkr{\"a}fte weniger gut auf die Anforderungen des Lehrberufs vorbereitet sind. Diese Annahme wird auch oft in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit vertreten und die Kritik an alternati-ven Qualifizierungsprogrammen ist groß. So {\"a}ußerte sich beispielsweise der Pr{\"a}sident des Deutschen Lehrerverbandes, Heinz-Peter Meidinger, im Jahr 2019 gegen{\"u}ber der Zeitung „Die Welt", dass die unzureichende Qualifizierung von Quereinsteiger:innen „ein Verbre-chen an den Kindern" sei (Die Welt, 2019). Die Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum, die in der L{\"a}ge w{\"a}re, belastbare Befunde f{\"u}r die Unterst{\"u}tzung dieser Kritik liefern zu k{\"o}nnen, steht jedoch noch am Anfang. Erste Arbeiten weisen generell auf wenige Unterschiede zwi-schen traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften hin (Kleickmann \& An-ders, 2011; Kunina-Habenicht et al., 2013; Oettinghaus, Lamprecht \& Korneck, 2014). Ar-beiten, die Unterschiede finden, zeigen diese vor allem im Bereich des p{\"a}dagogischen Wis-sens zuungunsten der nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}fte. Die Frage nach weiteren Unterschieden, beispielsweise in der Unterrichtsqualit{\"a}t oder im beruflichen Wohlbefinden, ist bislang jedoch f{\"u}r den deutschen Kontext nicht beantwortet worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, einen Teil dieser Forschungsl{\"u}cken zu schließen. Sie bearbeitet in diesem Zusammenhang im Rahmen von drei Teilstudien die Fragen nach Unterschieden zwischen traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften hin-sichtlich ihrer professionellen Kompetenz, Berufswahlmotivation, Wohlbefinden und Unter-richtsqualit{\"a}t. Die {\"u}bergeordnete Fragestellung wird vor dem Hintergrund des theoretischen Modells zu den Determinanten und Konsequenzen der professionellen Kompetenz (Kunter, Kleickmann, Klusmann \& Richter, 2011) bearbeitet. Dieses Modell wird auch f{\"u}r die theore-tische Aufarbeitung der bereits bestehenden nationalen und internationalen Forschungsarbei-ten zu Unterschieden zwischen traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften herangezogen. Teilstudie I untersucht zun{\"a}chst Unterschiede in der professionellen Kompetenz zwi-schen traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften. Nach dem Kompetenz-modell nach Baumert und Kunter (2006) werden die beiden Gruppen in den vier Aspekten professioneller Kompetenz - Professionswissen, {\"U}berzeugungen, motivationale Orientierun-gen und selbstregulative F{\"a}higkeiten - verglichen. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit stehen traditionell ausgebildete Lehramtsanw{\"a}rter:innen und die sogenannten Quereinsteiger:innen w{\"a}hrend des Vorbereitungsdiensts. Mittels multivariater Kovarianzanalysen wurde eine Sekund{\"a}rdaten-analyse des Projekts COACTIV-R durchgef{\"u}hrt und Unterschiede analysiert. Teilstudie II beleuchtet sowohl Determinanten als auch Konsequenzen professioneller Kompetenz. Auf Seiten der Determinanten werden Unterschiede in der Berufswahlmotivati-on zwischen Lehrkr{\"a}ften mit und ohne traditionellem Lehramtsstudium untersucht. Ferner erfolgt die Analyse von Unterschieden im beruflichen Wohlbefinden (emotionale Ersch{\"o}p-fung, Enthusiasmus) und die Intention, im Beruf zu verbleiben, als Konsequenz professionel-ler Kompetenz. Es erfolgte eine Analyse der Daten aus der Pilotierungsstudie aus dem Jahr 2019 f{\"u}r den Bildungstrend des Instituts f{\"u}r Qualit{\"a}tsentwicklung im Bildungswesen (IQB). Unterschiede zwischen traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften wurden erneut mittels multivariater Kovarianzanalysen berechnet. Abschließend erfolgte in Teilstudie III die Untersuchung von Unterschieden in der Un-terrichtsqualit{\"a}t zwischen traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften als Konsequenz professioneller Kompetenz. Hierzu wurden Daten des IQB-Bildungstrends 2018 im Rahmen einer Sekund{\"a}ranalyse mithilfe doppelt-latenter Mehrebenenanalysen genutzt. Es wurden die Unterschiede in den Bereichen Abwesenheit von St{\"o}rungen, kognitive Akti-vierung und Sch{\"u}ler:innenunterst{\"u}tzung betrachtet. Im finalen Kapitel der vorliegenden Arbeiten werden die zentralen Befunde der drei Teilstudien zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich traditionell und nicht-traditionell ausgebildete Lehrkr{\"a}fte nur in wenigen der untersuchten Aspekte signifikant voneinander unterscheiden. Nicht-traditionell ausgebildete Lehrkr{\"a}fte verf{\"u}gen {\"u}ber weniger p{\"a}dagogisches Wissen, haben bessere selbstregulative F{\"a}higkeiten und unterscheiden sich nicht in ihren Berufswahlmotiven, ihrem Wohlbefinden und in der Unterrichtsqualit{\"a}t von traditionell ausgebildeten Lehrkr{\"a}ften. Die Ergebnisse {\"o}ffnen die T{\"u}r f{\"u}r die Diskussion der Relevanz des traditionellen Lehramtsstudiums, bieten eine Grundlage bzgl. der Implikationen f{\"u}r weiterf{\"u}hrende Forschungsarbeiten und die Bildungspolitik. Die Arbeiten werden abschließend hinsichtlich ihrer Grenzen bewertet.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kemper2023, author = {Kemper, Tarek}, title = {KLIMAGRAR - Neue Methoden der Begleitforschung am Beispiel des klimagerechten Handelns in der Landwirtschaft}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60192}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-601924}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {109}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In Forschungsprogrammen werden zahlreiche Akteure mit unterschiedlichen Hintergr{\"u}nden und fachlichen Expertisen in Einzel- oder Verbundvorhaben vereint, die jedoch weitestgehend unabh{\"a}ngig voneinander durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass gesamtgesellschaftliche Herausforderungen wie die globale Erw{\"a}rmung zunehmend disziplin{\"u}bergreifende L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze erfordern, sollten Vernetzungs- und Transferprozesse in Forschungsprogrammen st{\"a}rker in den Fokus r{\"u}cken. Mit der Implementierung einer Begleitforschung kann dieser Forderung Rechnung getragen werden. Begleitforschung unterscheidet sich in ihrer Herangehensweise und ihrer Zielvorstellung von den „{\"u}blichen" Projekten und kann in unterschiedlichen theoretischen Reinformen auftreten. Verk{\"u}rzt dargestellt agiert sie entweder (1) inhaltlich komplement{\"a}r zu den jeweiligen Forschungsprojekten, (2) auf einer Metaebene mit Fokus auf die Prozesse im Forschungsprogramm oder (3) als integrierende, synthetisierende Instanz, f{\"u}r die die Vernetzung der Projekte im Forschungsprogramm sowie der Wissenstransfer von Bedeutung sind. Zwar sind diese Formen analytisch in theoretische Reinformen trennbar, in der Praxis ergibt sich in der Regel jedoch ein Mix aus allen dreien. In diesem Zusammenhang schließt die vorliegende Dissertation als erg{\"a}nzende Studie an bisherige Ans{\"a}tze zum methodischen Handwerkszeug der Begleitforschung an und fokussiert auf folgende Fragestellungen: Auf welcher Basis kann die Vernetzung der Akteure in einem Forschungsprogramm durchgef{\"u}hrt werden, um diese effektiv zusammenzubringen? Welche weiteren methodischen Elemente sollten daran ansetzen, um einen Mehrwert zu generieren, der die Summe der Einzelergebnisse des Forschungsprogrammes {\"u}bersteigt? Von welcher Art kann dann ein solcher Mehrwert sein und welche Rolle spielt dabei die Begleitforschung? Das erste methodische Element bildet die Erhebung und Aufbereitung einer Ausgangsdatenbasis. Durch eine auf semantischer Analyse basierenden Verschlagwortung projektbezogener Texte l{\"a}sst sich eine umfassende Datenbasis aus den Inhalten der Forschungsprojekte generieren. Die Schlagw{\"o}rter werden dabei anhand eines kontrollierten Vokabulars in einem Schlagwortkatalog strukturiert. Parallel dazu werden sie wiederum den jeweiligen Projekten zugeordnet, wodurch diese thematische Merkmale erhalten. Um thematische {\"U}berschneidungen zwischen Forschungsprojekten sichtbar und interpretierbar zu machen, beinhaltet das zweite Element Ans{\"a}tze zur Visualisierung. Dazu werden die Informationen in einen Netzwerkgraphen transferiert, der sowohl alle im Forschungsprogramm involvierten Projekte als auch die identifizierten Schlagw{\"o}rter in Relation zueinander abbilden kann. So kann zum Beispiel sichtbar gemacht werden, welche Forschungsprojekte sich auf Basis ihrer Inhalte „n{\"a}her" sind als andere. Genau diese Information wird im dritten methodischen Element als Planungsgrundlage f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Veranstaltungsformate wie Arbeitstagungen oder Transferwerkst{\"a}tten genutzt. Das vierte methodische Element umfasst die Synthesebildung. Diese gestaltet sich als Prozess {\"u}ber den gesamten Zeitraum der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Begleitforschung und den weiteren Forschungsprojekten hinweg, da in die Synthese unter anderem Zwischen-, Teil- und Endergebnisse der Projekte einfließen, genauso wie Inhalte aus den unterschiedlichen Veranstaltungen. Letztendlich ist dieses vierte Element auch das Mittel, um aus den integrierten und synthetisierten Informationen Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Vorhaben abzuleiten. Die Erarbeitung der methodischen Elemente erfolgte im laufenden Prozess des Begleitforschungsprojektes KlimAgrar, welches der vorliegenden Dissertation als Fallbeispiel dient und dessen Hintergr{\"u}nde in der Thematik Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung in der Landwirtschaft im Text ausf{\"u}hrlich erl{\"a}utert werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{Towara2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Towara, C{\´e}cile}, title = {Die Errichtung des Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen B{\"u}rgerfonds nach Art. 12 des Vertrags von Aachen}, series = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, journal = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, number = {9}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2701-391X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58105}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-581051}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {77}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Vorgabe des Aachener Vertrages, welche mit der Schaffung des Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen B{\"u}rgerfonds die Zivilgesellschaften der beiden Partnerl{\"a}nder und ihr weiteres Zusammenwachsen in den Fokus genommen haben. Hierzu wird auf die Frage eingegangen, warum eine weitere deutsch-franz{\"o}sische Organisation gerade in diesen Zeiten notwendig ist und warum ihr durch Ausgestaltung als m{\"o}glichst eigenst{\"a}ndige Institution die erforderliche Rolle als best{\"a}ndiger Motor f{\"u}r eine notwendige weitere Europ{\"a}isierung zuteilwerden kann. Der B{\"u}rgerfonds soll mithilfe seiner finanziellen Unterst{\"u}tzungsleistungen des binationalen Austausches von B{\"u}rgerinitiativen, Stiftungen, Kulturzentren, Vereinen, St{\"a}dtepartnerschaften und sonstigen Formen privaten Engagements als „Leuchtturmprojekt des Aachener Vertrages" diejenigen ansprechen, welche bislang nicht als klassische stakeholder der deutsch-franz{\"o}sischen Freundschaft bekannt geworden sind. Die Ausgestaltung des B{\"u}rgerfonds als eigenst{\"a}ndige internationale Organisation erscheint vor dem Hintergrund dieser Zielsetzung die optimale Rechtsform. Seine generelle Aufbauorganisation sollte an der des Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen Jugendwerks angelehnt werden. Insoweit war die Vorgabe der organisatorischen Einbindung des B{\"u}rgerfonds in das Jugendwerk im Rahmen der Pilotphase bis Ende 2022 nicht nur wegen der dort vorhandenen großen Expertise eine sinnvolle Entscheidung des Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen Ministerrats. Eine Erweiterung des Verwaltungs- bzw. Kontrollgremiums in einem selbst{\"a}ndigen B{\"u}rgerfonds durch Vertreter der Deutsch-Franz{\"o}sischen Parlamentarischen Versammlung erscheint zur Gew{\"a}hrleistung von Transparenz und tagespolitischer Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit ebenso ratsam, wie seine zumindest partielle {\"O}ffnung f{\"u}r andere europ{\"a}ische Mitgliedsstaaten. Abschließend bleibt zu konstatieren, dass in den Zeiten kriselnder Demokratien und der COVID-Gefahr eine Hinwendung zu den B{\"u}rgern und ihren privaten bzw. para-{\"o}ffentlichen Organisationsformen ebenso wichtig ist, wie die F{\"o}rderung des Austausches der B{\"u}rger beider L{\"a}nder im Herzen Europas mehr denn je hilft, Distanzen zu {\"u}berwinden und transnationale Gemeinschaft zu erleben.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Haase2023, author = {Haase, Jennifer}, title = {Creative intensive processes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-593886}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 346}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Creativity - developing something new and useful - is a constant challenge in the working world. Work processes, services, or products must be sensibly adapted to changing times. To be able to analyze and, if necessary, adapt creativity in work processes, a precise understanding of these creative activities is necessary. Process modeling techniques are often used to capture business processes, represent them graphically and analyze them for adaptation possibilities. This has been very limited for creative work. An accurate understanding of creative work is subject to the challenge that, on the one hand, it is usually very complex and iterative. On the other hand, it is at least partially unpredictable as new things emerge. How can the complexity of creative business processes be adequately addressed and simultaneously manageable? This dissertation attempts to answer this question by first developing a precise process understanding of creative work. In an interdisciplinary approach, the literature on the process description of creativity-intensive work is analyzed from the perspective of psychology, organizational studies, and business informatics. In addition, a digital ethnographic study in the context of software development is used to analyze creative work. A model is developed based on which four elementary process components can be analyzed: Intention of the creative activity, Creation to develop the new, Evaluation to assess its meaningfulness, and Planning of the activities arising in the process - in short, the ICEP model. These four process elements are then translated into the Knockledge Modeling Description Language (KMDL), which was developed to capture and represent knowledge-intensive business processes. The modeling extension based on the ICEP model enables creative business processes to be identified and specified without the need for extensive modeling of all process details. The modeling extension proposed here was developed using ethnographic data and then applied to other organizational process contexts. The modeling method was applied to other business contexts and evaluated by external parties as part of two expert studies. The developed ICEP model provides an analytical framework for complex creative work processes. It can be comprehensively integrated into process models by transforming it into a modeling method, thus expanding the understanding of existing creative work in as-is process analyses.}, language = {en} } @misc{Dahl2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Dahl, Dorothee Sophie}, title = {Zahlen in den Fingern}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60762}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607629}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {118}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Debatte {\"u}ber den Einsatz von digitalen Werkzeugen in der mathematischen Fr{\"u}hf{\"o}rderung ist hoch aktuell. Lernspiele werden konstruiert, mit dem Ziel, mathematisches, informelles Wissen aufzubauen und so einen besseren Schulstart zu erm{\"o}glichen. Doch allein die digitale und spielerische Aufarbeitung f{\"u}hrt nicht zwingend zu einem Lernerfolg. Daher ist es umso wichtiger, die konkrete Implementation der theoretischen Konstrukte und Interaktionsm{\"o}glichkeiten mit den Werkzeugen zu analysieren und passend aufzubereiten. In dieser Masterarbeit wird dazu exemplarisch ein mathematisches Lernspiel namens „Fingu" f{\"u}r den Einsatz im vorschulischen Bereich theoretisch und empirisch im Rahmen der Artifact-Centric Activity Theory (ACAT) untersucht. Dazu werden zun{\"a}chst die theoretischen Hintergr{\"u}nde zum Zahlensinn, Zahlbegriffserwerb, Teil-Ganze-Verst{\"a}ndnis, der Anzahlwahrnehmung und -bestimmung, den Anzahlvergleichen und der Anzahldarstellung mithilfe von Fingern gem{\"a}ß der Embodied Cognition sowie der Verwendung von digitalen Werkzeugen und Multi-Touch-Ger{\"a}ten umfassend beschrieben. Anschließend wird die App Fingu erkl{\"a}rt und dann theoretisch entlang des ACAT-Review-Guides analysiert. Zuletzt wird die selbstst{\"a}ndig durchgef{\"u}hrte Studie mit zehn Vorschulkindern erl{\"a}utert und darauf aufbauend Verbesserungs- und Entwicklungsm{\"o}glichkeiten der App auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage beigetragen. F{\"u}r Fingu l{\"a}sst sich abschließend festhalten, dass viele Prozesse wie die (Quasi-)Simultanerfassung oder das Z{\"a}hlen gef{\"o}rdert werden k{\"o}nnen, f{\"u}r andere wie das Teil-Ganze-Verst{\"a}ndnis aber noch Anpassungen und/oder die Begleitung durch Erwachsene n{\"o}tig ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{BoschWilbert2023, author = {Bosch, Jannis and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The impact of social comparison processes on self-evaluation of performance, self-concept, and task interest}, number = {836}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58875}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588751}, pages = {11}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Development of self-concept and task interest has been shown to be affected by social comparison processes in a variety of cross-sectional studies. A potential explanation for these effects is an effect of social comparative performance feedback on an individual's self-evaluation of performance, which in turn influences development of self-concept and task interest. There are, however, only few studies addressing this topic with experimental designs. This study was aimed at closing this research gap by experimentally manipulating social comparative performance. Feedback given was based on 2 × 2 experimental conditions: social position (high vs. low) and average performance of the reference group (high vs. low). Results show a strong effect of social position on self-evaluation of performance and smaller effects on self-concept and task interest.}, language = {en} }