@article{HerdenEckertStiftetal.2019,
  author    = {Herden, Jasmin and Eckert, Silvia and Stift, Marc and Joshi, Jasmin Radha and van Kleunen, Mark},
  title     = {No evidence for local adaptation and an epigenetic underpinning in native and non-native ruderal plant species in Germany},
  series = {Ecology and evolution},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Ecology and evolution},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2045-7758},
  doi       = {10.1002/ece3.5325},
  pages     = {9412 -- 9426},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Many invasive species have rapidly adapted to different environments in their new ranges. This is surprising, as colonization is usually associated with reduced genetic variation. Heritable phenotypic variation with an epigenetic basis may explain this paradox. Here, we assessed the contribution of DNA methylation to local adaptation in native and naturalized non-native ruderal plant species in Germany. We reciprocally transplanted offspring from natural populations of seven native and five non-native plant species between the Konstanz region in the south and the Potsdam region in the north of Germany. Before the transplant, half of the seeds were treated with the demethylation agent zebularine. We recorded survival, flowering probability, and biomass production as fitness estimates. Contrary to our expectations, we found little evidence for local adaptation, both among the native and among the non-native plant species. Zebularine treatment had mostly negative effects on overall plant performance, regardless of whether plants were local or not, and regardless of whether they were native or non-native. Synthesis. We conclude that local adaptation, at least at the scale of our study, plays no major role in the success of non-native and native ruderal plants. Consequently, we found no evidence yet for an epigenetic basis of local adaptation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LachmuthDurkaSchurr2011,
  author    = {Lachmuth, Susanne and Durka, Walter and Schurr, Frank Martin},
  title     = {Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution},
  series = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science},
  volume    = {192},
  journal   = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0028-646X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03808.x},
  pages     = {529 -- 541},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Genetic differentiation in the competitive and reproductive ability of invading populations can result from genetic Allee effects or r/K selection at the local or range-wide scale. However, the neutral relatedness of populations may either mask or falsely suggest adaptation and genetic Allee effects. In a common-garden experiment, we investigated the competitive and reproductive ability of invasive Senecio inaequidens populations that vary in neutral genetic diversity, population age and field vegetation cover. To account for population relatedness, we analysed the experimental results with 'animal models' adopted from quantitative genetics. Consistent with adaptive r/K differentiation at local scales, we found that genotypes from low-competition environments invest more in reproduction and are more sensitive to competition. By contrast, apparent effects of large-scale r/K differentiation and apparent genetic Allee effects can largely be explained by neutral population relatedness. Invading populations should not be treated as homogeneous groups, as they may adapt quickly to small-scale environmental variation in the invaded range. Furthermore, neutral population differentiation may strongly influence invasion dynamics and should be accounted for in analyses of common-garden experiments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchittkoBernardVerdierHegeretal.2020,
  author    = {Schittko, Conrad and Bernard-Verdier, Maud and Heger, Tina and Buchholz, Sascha and Kowarik, Ingo and von der Lippe, Moritz and Seitz, Birgit and Joshi, Jasmin Radha and Jeschke, Jonathan M.},
  title     = {A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community?},
  series = {Global Change Biology},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Global Change Biology},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  address   = {New Jersey},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Anthropogenic changes in climate, land use, and disturbance regimes, as well as introductions of non-native species can lead to the transformation of many ecosystems. The resulting novel ecosystems are usually characterized by species assemblages that have not occurred previously in a given area. Quantifying the ecological novelty of communities (i.e., biotic novelty) would enhance the understanding of environmental change. However, quantification remains challenging since current novelty metrics, such as the number and/or proportion of non-native species in a community, fall short of considering both functional and evolutionary aspects of biotic novelty. Here, we propose the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI), an intuitive and flexible multidimensional measure that combines (a) functional differences between native and non-native introduced species with (b) temporal dynamics of species introductions. We show that the BNI is an additive partition of Rao's quadratic entropy, capturing the novel interaction component of the community's functional diversity. Simulations show that the index varies predictably with the relative amount of functional novelty added by recently arrived species, and they illustrate the need to provide an additional standardized version of the index. We present a detailed R code and two applications of the BNI by (a) measuring changes of biotic novelty of dry grassland plant communities along an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan region and (b) determining the biotic novelty of plant species assemblages at a national scale. The results illustrate the applicability of the index across scales and its flexibility in the use of data of different quality. Both case studies revealed strong connections between biotic novelty and increasing urbanization, a measure of abiotic novelty. We conclude that the BNI framework may help building a basis for better understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of global change.},
  language  = {en}
}