@article{Schmidt2021,
  author    = {Schmidt, Imanuel Clemens},
  title     = {A Secular Tradition},
  series = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany},
  journal   = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany},
  number    = {27},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-520-0},
  issn      = {1614-6492},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53286},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532868},
  pages     = {85 -- 100},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This article focuses on the social philosopher Horace Kallen and the revisions he made to the concept of cultural pluralism that he first developed in the early 20th century, applying it to postwar America and the young State of Israel. It shows how he opposed the assumption that the United States' social order was based on a "Judeo-Christian tradition." By constructing pluralism as a civil religion and carving out space for secular self-understandings in midcentury America, Kallen attempted to preserve the integrity of his earlier political visions, developed during World War I, of pluralist societies in the United States and Palestine within an internationalist global order. While his perspective on the State of Israel was largely shaped by his American experiences, he revised his approach to politically functionalizing religious traditions as he tested his American understanding of a secular, pluralist society against the political theology effective in the State of Israel. The trajectory of Kallen's thought points to fundamental questions about the compatibility of American and Israeli understandings of religion's function in society and its relation to political belonging, especially in light of their transnational connection through American Jewish support for the recently established state.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Klaucke2014,
  author    = {Klaucke, Daniel},
  title     = {Auf W{\"u}ste gebaut und heilig : Israel und das Westjordanland},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71837},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Vor allem leer. Und doch ist der Negev gespickt mit Siedlungen und St{\"a}dten. Etwa 800.000 Menschen leben hier von Landwirtschaft, Schwerindustrie, Tourismus und Milit{\"a}r. Wie vor Jahrtausenden siedeln dort Beduinen. Netanjahus Regierung will 40.000 von ihnen umsiedeln. Das f{\"u}hrte im Dezember 2013 zum „Tag des Zorns" von Beduinen, Arabern und Pal{\"a}stinensern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{AbdelShafi2013,
  author    = {Abdel Shafi, Salah},
  title     = {Historischer November in Pal{\"a}stina : Zwei-Staaten-L{\"o}sung versus dauerhafte Besatzung durch Israel},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64236},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Der November 2012 wird sicherlich als ein historischer Monat in die pal{\"a}stinensische Geschichte eingehen. Im November begann die israelische Armee mit der gezielten T{\"o}tung eines hohen Funktion{\"a}rs der Hamas einen Luftkrieg gegen den Gazastreifen. Nach acht Tagen wurde Israel durch internationalen Druck gezwungen, einen Waffenstillstand mit der Hamas zu akzeptieren. Einmal mehr zeigte sich, dass der Nahostkonflikt nicht mit milit{\"a}rischer Gewalt zu l{\"o}sen ist. Dies kann nur mit einer Zwei-Staaten-L{\"o}sung erreicht werden, der substanzielle und ehrliche Verhandlungen vorausgehen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Weinbaum2011,
  author    = {Weinbaum, Laurence},
  title     = {Israel im Arabischen Fr{\"u}hling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52955},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Die Konsequenzen des Grollens in der arabischen Welt seit Anfang 2011 werden sich m{\"o}glicherweise als weniger hilfreich f{\"u}r die L{\"o}sung des Nahostkonflikts erweisen als erhofft. Zumindest auf kurze Sicht hat sich die Nachbarschaft Israels in einen noch unberechenbareren und instabileren Ort verwandelt. Israel w{\"u}rde die Entstehung guten und repr{\"a}sentativen Regierens in der arabischen Welt willkommen heißen. Doch sind die weiteren Entwicklungen in der Region kaum abzusch{\"a}tzen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-4486,
  title     = {Naher Osten : Politik und Gesellschaft},
  editor    = {Schmidt, Renate},
  publisher = {Berliner Debatte Wissenschaftsverlag},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-931703-29-5},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46806},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {1998},
  abstract  = {Der dritte Band der Potsdamer Textb{\"u}cher befasst sich mit gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen im konfliktreichen Nahen Osten. Die Zusammenstellung der Texte erfolgte sowohl mit Blick auf die anhaltende Kulturkreisdiskussion als auch hinsichtlich der Bem{\"u}hungen um Stabilit{\"a}t in dieser Region. Hinzu kommen Analysen zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und den politischen Regimes in Israel, Pal{\"a}stina, {\"A}gypten, im Jemen und Iran. Ausz{\"u}ge aus Verfassungen arabischer Staaten, statistische Angaben und eine Bibliographie vervollst{\"a}ndigen das Textbuch.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Ansprenger2004,
  author    = {Ansprenger, Franz},
  title     = {Jerusalem : heilige Stadt und Konfliktherd},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46746},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {No Arab-Israeli peace process will succeed without a solution for Jerusalem. The author describes stages of the Jerusalem history as a holy city of the Jews, Christians and Muslims and analyses their religious and mental ties to the town. Also the division of Jerusalem was not able to stop the hatred. Jerusalem must be one city and the capital of both, Israel and Palestine. This was the core of the Oslo peace process, and it is still essential for a sustainable solution.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Paech2009,
  author    = {Paech, Norman},
  title     = {Gaza und das V{\"o}lkerrecht},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29377},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Ist Israel eine Besatzungsmacht und haben die Pal{\"a}stinenser ein Recht auf Widerstand? Politische Debatten {\"u}ber den Nahen Osten sind zahlreich. Doch wie sieht die juristische Dimension aus? Der Rechtswissenschaftler Norman Paech untersucht den Konflikt in Gaza mit Blick auf die v{\"o}lkerrechtliche Legitimation Israels, Krieg zu f{\"u}hren, und auf das international geltende Recht w{\"a}hrend kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Koechy2006,
  author    = {K{\"o}chy, Martin},
  title     = {Opposite trends in life stages of annual plants caused by daily rainfall variability},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14699},
  pages     = {347 -- 357},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Global Circulation Models of climate predict not only a change of annual precipitation amounts but also a shift in the daily distribution. To improve the understanding of the importance of daily rain pattern for annual plant communities, which represent a large portion of semi-natural vegetation in the Middle East, I used a detailed, spatially explicit model. The model explicitly considers water storage in the soil and has been parameterized and validated with data collected in field experiments in Israel and data from the literature. I manipulated daily rainfall variability by increasing the mean daily rain intensity on rainy days (MDI, rain volume/day) and decreasing intervals between rainy days while keeping the mean annual amount constant. In factorial combination, I also increased mean annual precipitation (MAP). I considered five climatic regions characterized by 100, 300, 450, 600, and 800 mm MAP. Increasing MDI decreased establishment when MAP was >250 mm but increased establishment at more arid sites. The negative effect of increasing MDI was compensated by increasing mortality with increasing MDI in dry and typical Mediterranean regions (c. 360-720 mm MAP). These effects were strongly tied to water availability in upper and lower soil layers and modified by competition among seedlings and adults. Increasing MAP generally increased water availability, establishment, and density. The order of magnitudes of MDI and MAP effects overlapped partially so that their combined effect is important for projections of climate change effects on annual vegetation. The effect size of MAP and MDI followed a sigmoid curve along the MAP gradient indicating that the semi-arid region (≈300 mm MAP) is the most sensitive to precipitation change with regard to annual communitie},
  subject      = {Klima{\"a}nderung},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Koechy2006,
  author    = {K{\"o}chy, Martin},
  title     = {Stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13155},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This contribution describes a generator of stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel from c. 90 to 900 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP) as a tool for studies of daily rain variability. The probability of rainfall on a given day of the year is described by a regular Gaussian peak curve function. The amount of rain is drawn randomly from an exponential distribution whose mean is the daily mean rain amount (averaged across years for each day of the year) described by a flattened Gaussian peak curve. Parameters for the curves have been calculated from monthly aggregated, long-term rain records from seven meteorological stations. Parameters for arbitrary points on the MAP gradient are calculated from a regression equation with MAP as the only independent variable. The simple structure of the generator allows it to produce time series with daily rain patterns that are projected under climate change scenarios and simultaneously control MAP. Increasing within-year variability of daily precipitation amounts also increases among-year variability of MAP as predicted by global circulation models. Thus, the time series incorporate important characteristics for climate change research and represent a flexible tool for simulations of daily vegetation or surface hydrology dynamics.},
  language  = {en}
}