@article{EppStoofLeichsenringTrauthetal.2011,
  author    = {Epp, Laura Saskia and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie and Trauth, Martin H. and Tiedemann, Ralph},
  title     = {Molecular profiling of diatom assemblages in tropical lake sediments using taxon-specific PCR and Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (PCR-DHPLC)},
  series = {Molecular ecology resources},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Molecular ecology resources},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1755-098X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03022.x},
  pages     = {842 -- 853},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Here we present a protocol to genetically detect diatoms in sediments of the Kenyan tropical Lake Naivasha, based on taxon-specific PCR amplification of short fragments (approximately 100 bp) of the small subunit ribosomal (SSU) gene and subsequent separation of species-specific PCR products by PCR-based denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). An evaluation of amplicons differing in primer specificity to diatoms and length of the fragments amplified demonstrated that the number of different diatom sequence types detected after cloning of the PCR products critically depended on the specificity of the primers to diatoms and the length of the amplified fragments whereby shorter fragments yielded more species of diatoms. The DHPLC was able to discriminate between very short amplicons based on the sequence difference, even if the fragments were of identical length and if the amplicons differed only in a small number of nucleotides. Generally, the method identified the dominant sequence types from mixed amplifications. A comparison with microscopic analysis of the sediment samples revealed that the sequence types identified in the molecular assessment corresponded well with the most dominant species. In summary, the PCR-based DHPLC protocol offers a fast, reliable and cost-efficient possibility to study DNA from sediments and other environmental samples with unknown organismic content, even for very short DNA fragments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schatz2011,
  author    = {Schatz, Daniela},
  title     = {LNA-clamp-PCR zum sensitiven Nachweis von Punktmutationen im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines Darmkrebsfr{\"u}herkennungstests},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-52308},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Darmkrebs ist die zweith{\"a}ufigste malignombedingte Todesursache in den westlichen Industriel{\"a}ndern. Durch eine fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnose besteht jedoch eine hohe Chance auf Heilung. Der Goldstandard zur Darmkrebsfr{\"u}herkennung ist gegenw{\"a}rtig die Koloskopie. Eine Darmspiegelung ist jedoch invasiv und mit Unannehmlichkeiten f{\"u}r den Patienten verbunden. Die Akzeptanz in der Bev{\"o}lkerung ist daher gering. Ziel des BMBF- Projektes „Entwicklung eines nichtinvasiven Nachweissystems zur Fr{\"u}herkennung von humanem Darmkrebs", in dessen Rahmen diese Arbeit entstand, ist die Bereitstellung eines nichtinvasiven Nachweisverfahrens zur Darmkrebsfr{\"u}herkennung. Der Nachweis soll {\"u}ber die Detektion von aus neoplastischen Zellen stammender DNA in Stuhl erfolgen. Die Entartung dieser Zellen beruht auf Ver{\"a}nderungen im Erbgut, welches unter anderem Mutationen sind. Im ersten Teil des BMBF-Projektes wurde ein Set von Mutationen zusammengestellt, welches eine hohe Sensitivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Vorstufen von Darmkrebs aufweist. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Nachweismethode f{\"u}r die zuvor identifizierten Punktmutationen zu entwickeln. Das Nachweisverfahren musste dabei unempfindlich gegen einen hohen Hintergrund nichtmutierter DNA sein, da im Stuhl geringe Mengen DNA aus neoplastischen Zellen bei einem hohen Hintergrund von DNA aus gesunden Zellen vorliegen. Hierzu wurden Plasmidmodellsysteme f{\"u}r die aus dem Marker-Set stammenden Genfragmente BRAF und dessen Mutante V600E, CTNNB1 und T41I, T41A, S45P und K-ras G12C hergestellt. Mit Hilfe dieser Plasmidmodellsysteme wurde dann das Nachweissystem entwickelt. Der entscheidende Schritt f{\"u}r die Detektion von Punktmutationen bei hohem Wildtyp{\"u}berschuss ist eine vorhergehende Anreicherung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde dazu die Methode der LNA-clamp-PCR (locked nucleic acid) etabliert. Die Bewertung der erzielten Anreicherung erfolgte {\"u}ber das relative Detektionslimit. Zur Bestimmung des Detektionslimits wurde die Schmelzkurvenanalyse von Hybridisierungssonden eingesetzt; diese wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit f{\"u}r die drei oben genannten Genfragmente und ihre Mutanten entwickelt. Die LNA-clamp-PCR wird in Anwesenheit eines LNA-Blockers durchgef{\"u}hrt. Das Nukleotidanalogon LNA weist im Vergleich zu DNA eine erh{\"o}hte Affinit{\"a}t zu komplement{\"a}ren DNA-Str{\"a}ngen auf. Gleichzeitig kommt es bei Anwesenheit einer Basenfehlpaarung zu einer gr{\"o}ßeren Destabilisierung der Bindung. Als Blocker werden kurze LNA-DNA-Hybridoligonukleotide eingesetzt, die den mutierten Sequenzbereich {\"u}berspannen und selbst der Wildtypsequenz entsprechen. Durch Bindung an die Wildtypsequenz wird deren Amplifikation w{\"a}hrend der PCR verhindert (clamp = arretieren, festklemmen). Der Blocker selbst wird dabei nicht verl{\"a}ngert. Der Blocker bindet unter optimalen Bedingungen jedoch nicht an die mutierte Sequenz. Die Mutante wird daher ungehindert amplifiziert und somit gegen{\"u}ber dem Wildtyp-Fragment angereichert. Die Position des Blockers kann im Bindungsbereich eines der Primer sein und hier dessen Hybridisierung an dem Wildtyp-Fragment verhindern oder zwischen den beiden Primern liegen und so die Synthese durch die Polymerase inhibieren. Die Anwendbarkeit beider Systeme wurde in dieser Arbeit gezeigt. Die LNA-clamp-PCR mit Primerblocker wurde f{\"u}r BRAF etabliert. Es wurde ein Detektionslimit von mindestens 1:100 erzielt. Die LNA-clamp-PCR mit Amplifikationsblocker wurde erfolgreich f{\"u}r BRAF, K-ras und CTNNB1: T41I, T41A mit einem Detektionslimit von 1:1000 bis 1:10 000 entwickelt. In Stuhlproben liegt DNA aus neoplastischen Zellen nach Literaturangaben zu einem Anteil von 1\% bis 0,1\% vor. Die LNA-clamp-PCR weist also mit Amplifikationsblockern ein ausreichend hohes Detektionslimit f{\"u}r die Analyse von Stuhlproben auf. Durch die erfolgreiche Etablierung der Methode auf drei verschiedenen Genfragmenten und vier unterschiedlichen Punktmutationen konnte deren universelle Einsetzbarkeit gezeigt werden. F{\"u}r die Ausweitung der LNA-clamp-PCR auf die {\"u}brigen Mutationen des Marker-Sets wurden Richtlinien ausgearbeitet und die Blockereffizienz als Kennzahl eingef{\"u}hrt. Die LNA-clamp-PCR ist ein schnelles, kosteng{\"u}nstiges Verfahren, welches einen geringen Arbeitsaufwand erfordert und wenig fehleranf{\"a}llig ist. Sie ist somit ein geeignetes Anreicherungsverfahren f{\"u}r Punktmutationen in einem diagnostischen System zur Darmkrebsfr{\"u}herkennung. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus kann die LNA-clamp-PCR auch in anderen Bereichen, in denen die Detektion von Punktmutationen in einem hohen Wildtyphintergrund erforderlich ist, eingesetzt werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Lossow2011,
  author    = {Loßow, Kristina},
  title     = {Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Mausmodellen mit lichtsensitivem Geschmackssystem zur Aufkl{\"a}rung der neuronalen Geschmackskodierung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58059},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Die Wahrnehmung von Geschmacksempfindungen beruht auf dem Zusammenspiel verschiedener Sinneseindr{\"u}cke wie Schmecken, Riechen und Tasten. Diese Komplexit{\"a}t der gustatorischen Wahrnehmung erschwert die Beantwortung der Frage wie Geschmacksinformationen vom Mund ins Gehirn weitergeleitet, prozessiert und kodiert werden. Die Analysen zur neuronalen Prozessierung von Geschmacksinformationen erfolgten zumeist mit Bitterstimuli am Mausmodell. Zwar ist bekannt, dass das Genom der Maus f{\"u}r 35 funktionelle Bitterrezeptoren kodiert, jedoch war nur f{\"u}r zwei unter ihnen ein Ligand ermittelt worden. Um eine bessere Grundlage f{\"u}r tierexperimentelle Arbeiten zu schaffen, wurden 16 der 35 Bitterrezeptoren der Maus heterolog in HEK293T-Zellen exprimiert und in Calcium-Imaging-Experimenten funktionell charakterisiert. Die Daten belegen, dass das Funktionsspektrum der Bitterrezeptoren der Maus im Vergleich zum Menschen enger ist und widerlegen damit die Aussage, dass humane und murine orthologe Rezeptoren durch das gleiche Ligandenspektrum angesprochen werden. Die Interpretation von tierexperimentellen Daten und die {\"U}bertragbarkeit auf den Menschen werden folglich nicht nur durch die Komplexit{\"a}t des Geschmacks, sondern auch durch Speziesunterschiede verkompliziert. Die Komplexit{\"a}t des Geschmacks beruht u. a. auf der Tatsache, dass Geschmacksstoffe selten isoliert auftreten und daher eine Vielzahl an Informationen kodiert werden muss. Um solche geschmacksstoffassoziierten Stimuli in der Analyse der gustatorischen Kommunikationsbahnen auszuschließen, sollten Opsine, die durch Licht spezifischer Wellenl{\"a}nge angeregt werden k{\"o}nnen, f{\"u}r die selektive Ersetzung von Geschmacksrezeptoren genutzt werden. Um die Funktionalit{\"a}t dieser angestrebten Knockout-Knockin-Modelle zu evaluieren, die eine Kopplung von Opsinen mit dem geschmacksspezifischen G-Protein Gustducin voraussetzte, wurden Oozyten vom Krallenfrosch Xenopus laevis mit dem Zwei-Elektroden-Spannungsklemm-Verfahren hinsichtlich dieser Interaktion analysiert. Der positiven Bewertung dieser Kopplung folgte die Erzeugung von drei Mauslinien, die in der kodierenden Region eines spezifischen Geschmacksrezeptors (Tas1r1, Tas1r2, Tas2r114) Photorezeptoren exprimierten. Durch RT-PCR-, In-situ-Hybridisierungs- und immunhistochemische Experimente konnte der erfolgreiche Knockout der Rezeptorgene und der Knockin der Opsine belegt werden. Der Nachweis der Funktionalit{\"a}t der Opsine im gustatorischen System wird Gegenstand zuk{\"u}nftiger Analysen sein. Bei erfolgreichem Beleg der Lichtempfindlichkeit von Geschmacksrezeptorzellen dieser Mausmodelle w{\"a}re ein System geschaffen, dass es erm{\"o}glichen w{\"u}rde, gustatorische neuronale Netzwerke und Hirnareale zu identifizieren, die auf einen reinen geschmacks- und qualit{\"a}tsspezifischen Stimulus zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren w{\"a}ren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BonaventuraSonntagKleber2011,
  author    = {Bonaventura, Klaus and Sonntag, Steffen and Kleber, Franz Xayer},
  title     = {Incidence of acute thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention with paclitaxel eluting balloons in a clinical setting and in clinical trials},
  series = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
  volume    = {58},
  booktitle = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
  number    = {20},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0735-1097},
  pages     = {B78 -- B78},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MelcherHartmannZopfetal.2011,
  author    = {Melcher, Ralph and Hartmann, Elena and Zopf, Waltraud and Herterich, Sabine and Wilke, Philipp and Mueller, Ludwig and Rosler, Eduard and Kudlich, Theodor and Al-Taie, Oliver and Rosenwald, Andreas and Katzenberger, Tiemo and Scholtka, Bettina and Seibold, Stefan and Rogoll, Dorothee and Scheppach, Wolfgang and Scheurlen, Michael and Luehrs, Hardi},
  title     = {LOH and copy neutral LOH (cnLOH) act as alternative mechanism in sporadic colorectal cancers with chromosomal and microsatellite instability},
  series = {Carcinogenesis : a comprehensive survey},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Carcinogenesis : a comprehensive survey},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0143-3334},
  doi       = {10.1093/carcin/bgr011},
  pages     = {636 -- 642},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background and aims. Tumor suppressor genes are often located in frequently deleted chromosomal regions of colorectal cancers (CRCs). In contrast to microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors, only few loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies were performed in microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors, because MSI carcinomas are generally considered to be chromosomally stable and classical LOH studies are not feasible due to MSI. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technique enables LOH studies also in MSI CRC. The aim of our study was to analyse tissue from MSI and MSS CRC for the existence of (frequently) deleted chromosomal regions and tumor suppressor genes located therein. Methods and results. We analyzed tissues from 32 sporadic CRCs and their corresponding normal mucosa (16 MSS and 16 MSI tumors) by means of 50K SNP array analysis. MSS tumors displayed chromosomal instability that resulted in multiple deleted (LOH) and amplified regions and led to the identification of MTUS1 (8p22) as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in this region. Although the MSI tumors were chromosomally stable, we found several copy neutral LOHs (cnLOH) in the MSI tumors; these appear to be instrumental in the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene hMLH1 and a gene located in chromosomal region 6pter-p22. Discussion. Our results suggest that in addition to classical LOH, cnLOH is an important mutational event in relation to the carcinogenesis of MSS and MSI tumors, causing the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene without copy number alteration of the respective region; this is crucial for the development of MSI tumors and for some chromosomal regions in MSS tumors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GereckeScholtka2011,
  author    = {Gerecke, Christian and Scholtka, Bettina},
  title     = {Detection of low level adenomatous polyposis coli(APC) gene mutatons by wild-type blocking-pcr and high resolution melting analysis},
  series = {Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine : journal of the Forum of the European Societies of Clinical Chemistry - the European Branch of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine},
  volume    = {49},
  booktitle = {Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine : journal of the Forum of the European Societies of Clinical Chemistry - the European Branch of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1434-6621},
  pages     = {S603 -- S603},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HenkelGaertnerDornetal.2011,
  author    = {Henkel, Janin and G{\"a}rtner, Daniela and Dorn, Christoph and Hellerbrand, Claus and Schanze, Nancy and Elz, Sheila R. and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul},
  title     = {Oncostatin M produced in Kupffer cells in response to PGE(2) possible contributor to hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis},
  series = {Laboratory investigation : the basic and translational pathology research journal ; an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology},
  volume    = {91},
  journal   = {Laboratory investigation : the basic and translational pathology research journal ; an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0023-6837},
  doi       = {10.1038/labinvest.2011.47},
  pages     = {1107 -- 1117},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Hepatic insulin resistance is a major contributor to hyperglycemia in metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. It is caused in part by the low-grade inflammation that accompanies both diseases, leading to elevated local and circulating levels of cytokines and cyclooxygenase (COX) products such as prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)). In a recent study, PGE(2) produced in Kupffer cells attenuated insulin-dependent glucose utilization by interrupting the intracellular signal chain downstream of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes. In addition to directly affecting insulin signaling in hepatocytes, PGE(2) in the liver might affect insulin resistance by modulating cytokine production in non-parenchymal cells. In accordance with this hypothesis, PGE(2) stimulated oncostatin M (OSM) production by Kupffer cells. OSM in turn attenuated insulin-dependent Akt activation and, as a downstream target, glucokinase induction in hepatocytes, most likely by inducing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). In addition, it inhibited the expression of key enzymes of hepatic lipid metabolism. COX-2 and OSM mRNA were induced early in the course of the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice. Thus, induction of OSM production in Kupffer cells by an autocrine PGE(2)-dependent feed-forward loop may be an additional, thus far unrecognized, mechanism contributing to hepatic insulin resistance and the development of NASH.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WengenmayerKrikovMuelleretal.2011,
  author    = {Wengenmayer, Christina and Krikov, Maxim and Mueller, Susanne and Lucht, Kristin and Villringer, Arno and Hocher, Berthold and Unger, Thomas and Thoene-Reineke, Christa},
  title     = {Novel therapy approach in primary stroke prevention simultaneous inhibition of endothelin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase in spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats improves survival},
  series = {Neurological research : a journal of progress in neurosurgery and neurosciences},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Neurological research : a journal of progress in neurosurgery and neurosciences},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Leeds},
  issn      = {0161-6412},
  doi       = {10.1179/016164111X12881719352534},
  pages     = {201 -- 207},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Stroke, frequently a consequence of hypertension, is one of the leading causes of death and neurological disabilities worldwide. In the ischemic brain, levels of endothelin-1, one of the most potent vasoconstrictors, are raised. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of endothelin antagonists after stroke have been described in literature. Based on these findings, we investigated the protective effect of the endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase blocker, SLV 338, in salt-loaded, stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: Male, 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats were put on a high salt diet and treated with either 30 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg SLV 338 or vehicle for 27 weeks. Blood pressure, neurological outcome, body weight, and mortality were investigated throughout treatment. In weeks 1 and 9, animals were housed in metabolic cages for collection of urinary and blood samples and assessment of salt water and food intake. In weeks 22 and 27, additional blood samples were taken. At the end of the study, all brains were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: SLV 338 was well tolerated in all animals. Neurological outcome and infarct size were similar in all groups. Albuminuria was considerably delayed and the incidence of stroke significantly lowered in treated animals. In spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats, treatment with SLV 338 significantly (P=0.01) improved survival in comparison to the vehicle treated group in a blood pressure-independent manner. Discussion: Our data in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats demonstrate that combined endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibition could offer a new therapeutic approach for primary stroke prevention and improvement of mortality. The mechanism seems to be blood pressure-independent.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Behrens2011,
  author    = {Behrens, Maik},
  title     = {Molekularbiologie menschlicher Bittergeschmacksrezeptoren},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schueler2011,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}ler, Rita},
  title     = {Identifizierung und Charakterisierung neuer nat{\"u}rlicher Liganden des Peroxisomen-Proliferator aktivierten Rezeptors y (PPARy)},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {165 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Flehmig2011,
  author    = {Flehmig, Karin Gesine},
  title     = {Evaluation des BCM-Programms der PreCon GmbH \& Co. nach MIRA-Konzept},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {118, XXVII S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schulz2011,
  author    = {Schulz, Nadja},
  title     = {Die Rolle der 3-L-Hydroxyacyl-Coenzym-A-Dehydrogenase in der Regulation des {\"o}rpergewichts, der Thermogenese sowie der Glucosehom{\"o}ostase},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {92 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Mirhashemi2011,
  author    = {Mirhashemi, Farshad},
  title     = {Einfluss von Fetten und Kohlenhydraten auf die Entwicklung der Insulinresistenz und des Typ-2-Diabetes in verschiedenen Mausmodellen},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {122 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Becker2011,
  author    = {Becker, Natalie},
  title     = {Etablierung des Modells einer simplifizierten humanen Darmmikrobiota in gnotobiotischen Ratten und Anwendung der definierten Mikrobiota im chemischen induzierten Kolonkanzerogenesemodell},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {92 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fleissner2011,
  author    = {Fleißner, Christine},
  title     = {Einfluss der gastrointestinalen Mikrobiota auf den Energiestoffwechsel und die Entstehung von Adipositas im Mausmodell},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {117 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Keipert2011,
  author    = {Keipert, Susanne},
  title     = {The effects of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle on lifespan, substrate and energy metabolism in mice},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {75 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Freudenberg2011,
  author    = {Freudenberg, Anne},
  title     = {Effects of high-protein diets and leucine supplementation on the metabolic syndrome in mice},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {80 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RadeKukicSchmittRawel2011,
  author    = {Rade-Kukic, Koralja and Schmitt, C. and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal},
  title     = {Formation of conjugates between beta-lactoglobulin and allyl isothiocyanate effect on protein heat aggregation, foaming and emulsifying properties},
  series = {Food hydrocolloids},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Food hydrocolloids},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0268-005X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.08.018},
  pages     = {694 -- 706},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Whey proteins are widely used food ingredients due to their nutritional and functional properties (gelling, emulsifying, foaming). Owning to their structure (free thiol group, lysine residues, hydrophobic pocket), they can also be used as carriers for bioactives. In this study, conjugates between beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), and a bioactive metabolite from Brassicaceae vegetables, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) were formed. Heat aggregation behavior (85 degrees C, 15 min), foaming and emulsifying properties of conjugates, at pH 4.0 and 7.1, were evaluated. Conjugates were formed by incubating beta-lg (0.5 mM) with AITC (0.05-20 mM) in water at pH 8.5 and room temperature. AITC primarily reacted with beta-lg's free thiol group (K-D = 0.2 +/- 0.1 mM) and thereafter with its amino groups (K-D 10.8 +/- 3.4 mM). AITC binding destabilized secondary and tertiary structure of beta-lg at pH 7.1, whereas induced molten globule conformation at pH 4.0. Conjugation reduced the heat aggregation of beta-lg at pH 7.1, while promoting it at pH 4.0. Conjugates adsorbed faster to air/water and oil/water interfaces at pH 4.0 than at pH 7.1. After 30 min, air/water surface tension was lower at pH 4.0 (47 mN m(-1)) than at pH 7.1 (57 mN m(-1)), while the surface tension of the oil/water interface was 8 mN m(-1) at both pHs. Foams produced with beta-lg-AITC conjugates at pH 4.0 exhibited higher volume and liquid stabilities compared to foams obtained at pH 7.1. Emulsions formed with conjugates at both pHs were destabilized by creaming due to flocculation, but coalescence was prevented. This study revealed that whey protein could potentially be used for the delivery of isothiocyanates in the form of foam or emulsion-based products.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchweigertReimann2011,
  author    = {Schweigert, Florian J. and Reimann, J.},
  title     = {Micronutrients and their Relevance for the Eye - Function of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids},
  series = {Klinische Monatsbl{\"a}tter f{\"u}r Augenheilkunde},
  volume    = {228},
  journal   = {Klinische Monatsbl{\"a}tter f{\"u}r Augenheilkunde},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0023-2165},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0029-1245527},
  pages     = {537 -- 543},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Micronutrients play an important role in function and health maintenance for the eye. Especially lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids perform remarkable functions: lutein together with zeaxanthin forms the macular pigment, these carotenoids filter out the damaging blue light component from the sunlight as well as the ultraviolet light which leads to improved contrast sensitivity and less problems with screen glare. Furthermore, the macular pigment has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The omega-3 fatty acids also possess anti-inflammatory effects and, when converted into neuroprotectin, they protect against oxidative induced apoptosis in the retina. They are also responsible for the fluidity and supply to the photoreceptor membrane. These properties are important for the prevention and treatment of degenerative eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration. However, older people are often not sufficiently supplied of micronutrients in their diet. Because the supply of nutrients can hardly be achieved by dietary change, the additional intake in the form of food supplements is useful in this age group. Scientific studies have shown the positive effects of supplementation with micronutrients such as lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA and EPA). Currently available nutritional products are based in part on the ingredients of the ARED study (Age Related Eye Disease Study). According to more recent studies formulations containing lutein and omega-3 fatty acids in physiologically meaningful doses without additional beta-carotene should be preferred. 10 to 20 mg of lutein and zeaxanthin represent a safe daily dose Regarding to the context above, beta-carotene in high doses plays a minor role to the eye and is especially critical for the health of smokers. This paper summarises the functions of the presented micronutrients in the eye and can assist ophthalmologists in advising their patients.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RailaSchweigertKohn2011,
  author    = {Raila, Jens and Schweigert, Florian J. and Kohn, Barbara},
  title     = {C-reactive protein concentrations in serum of dogs with naturally occurring renal disease},
  series = {Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {1040-6387},
  doi       = {10.1177/1040638711407896},
  pages     = {710 -- 715},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The current study was undertaken to investigate the relation between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and parameters of renal function in dogs with naturally occurring renal disease. Dogs were assigned to groups according to plasma creatinine concentration, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP/UC), and exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (P-Cl(Cr)) rates. Group A (healthy control dogs; n = 8): non-azotemic (plasma creatinine <125 mu mol/l) and nonproteinuric (UP/UC <0.2), with P-Cl(Cr) rates >90 ml/min/m(2); group B (n = 11): non-azotemic, nonproteinuric dogs with reduced P-Cl(Cr) rates (50-89 ml/min/m(2)); group C (n = 7): azotemic, borderline proteinuric dogs (P-Cl(Cr) rates: 22-67 ml/min/m(2)); and group D (n = 6): uremic, proteinuric dogs (not tested for P-Cl(Cr)). The serum CRP concentrations were measured via commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The CRP concentrations in the clinically healthy dogs (group A) ranged from 2.09 mg/l to 8.60 mg/l (median: 3.21 mg/l). In comparison with dogs of group A, median CRP concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) elevated in dogs of group B (17.6 mg/l, range: 17.0-19.2 mg/l), group C (24.8 mg/l, range: 18.0-32.5 mg/l), and group D (59.7 mg/l, range: 17.7-123 mg/l). Serum CRP was significantly related to P-Cl(Cr) (r = -0.83; P < 0.001), plasma creatinine (r = 0.81; P < 0.001), UP/UC (r = 0.70; P < 0.001), and leukocytes (r = 0.49; P < 0.01). The significant relations between serum CRP concentrations and biochemical parameters of kidney function in plasma and urine suggest that a stimulation of the acute phase response is implicated in the pathogenesis of canine renal disease.},
  language  = {en}
}