@article{HazanSennemaFaulkneretal.2006,
  author    = {Hazan, Valerie and Sennema, Anke and Faulkner, Andrew and Ortega-Llebaria, Marta and Iba, Midori and Chung, Hyunsong},
  title     = {The use of visual cues in the perception of non-native consonant contrasts},
  issn      = {0001-4966},
  doi       = {10.1121/1.2166611},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This study assessed the extent to which second-language learners are sensitive to phonetic information contained in visual cues when identifying a non-native phonemic contrast. In experiment 1, Spanish and Japanese learners of English were tested on their perception of a labial/labiodental consonant contrast in audio (A), visual (V), and audio-visual (AV) modalities. Spanish students showed better performance overall, and much greater sensitivity to visual cues than Japanese students. Both learner groups achieved higher scores in the A V than in the A test condition, thus showing evidence of audio-visual benefit. Experiment 2 examined the perception of the less visually-salient /1/-/r/ contrast in Japanese and Korean learners of English. Korean learners obtained much higher scores in auditory and audio- visual conditions than in the visual condition, while Japanese learners generally performed poorly in both modalities. Neither. group showed evidence of audio-visual benefit. These results show the impact of the language background of the learner and visual salience of the contrast on the use of visual cues for a non-native contrast. Significant correlations between scores in the auditory and visual conditions suggest that increasing auditory proficiency in identifying a non-native contrast is linked with an increasing proficiency in using visual cues to the contrast.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SennemavandeVijverCarrolletal.2005,
  author    = {Sennema, Anke and van de Vijver, Ruben and Carroll, Susanne E. and Zimmer-Stahl, Anne},
  title     = {Focus accent, word length and position as cues to L1 and L2 word recognition},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8769},
  pages     = {183 -- 198},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The present study examines native and nonnative perceptual processing of semantic information conveyed by prosodic prominence. Five groups of German learners of English each listened to one of 5 experimental conditions. Three conditions differed in place of focus accent in the sentence and two conditions were with spliced stimuli. The experiment condition was presented first in the learners' L1 (German) and then in a similar set in the L2 (English). The effect of the accent condition and of the length and position of the target in the sentence was evaluated in a probe recognition task. In both the L1 and L2 tasks there was no significant effect in any of the five focus conditions. Target position and target word length had an effect in the L1 task. Word length did not affect accuracy rates in the L2 task. For probe recognition in the L2, word length and the position of the target interacted with the focus condition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SennemavandeVijverCarrolletal.2005,
  author    = {Sennema, Anke and van de Vijver, Ruben and Carroll, Susanne E. and Zimmer-Stahl, Anne},
  title     = {Focus accent, word lenght and position as cues to L1 and L2 word recognition},
  isbn      = {3-937786-01-5},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vandeVijverSennemaZimmer–Stahl2006,
  author    = {van de Vijver, Ruben and Sennema, Anke and Zimmer-Stahl, Anne},
  title     = {An analysis of pitch and duration in material used to test L2 processing of words},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19583},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The material reported on in this paper is part of a set of experiments in which the role of Information Structure on L2 processing of words is tested. Pitch and duration of 4 sets of experimental material in German and English are measured and analyzed in this paper. The well-known finding that accent boosts duration and pitch is confirmed. Syntactic and lexical means of marking focus, however, do not give the duration and the pitch of a word an extra boost.},
  language  = {en}
}