@article{Springer2011, author = {Springer, Anne}, title = {Selbst, Kultur und soziale Kognition}, series = {Das Bild zwischen Kognition und Kreativit{\"a}t}, journal = {Das Bild zwischen Kognition und Kreativit{\"a}t}, publisher = {Transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-1365-0}, pages = {171 -- 195}, year = {2011}, language = {de} } @article{HeinzHeidenreichWenholdetal.2011, author = {Heinz, Kathrin and Heidenreich, Thomas and Wenhold, Franziska and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Mindfulness and acceptance basic principles and perspectives of a new approach in sport psychology training}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, volume = {18}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010/a000056}, pages = {145 -- 154}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Mindfulness and acceptance describe the skills necessary to experience emotions and thoughts (e.g., performance-interfering cognitions) consciously and without judging them. This article introduces the mindfulness and acceptance approach and its potential in the context of competitive sports. Definitions as well as research results related to mechanisms of action and differential psychological aspects are given and the efficacy of the approach in the field of clinical psychology is reviewed. The rationale and implementation of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach, an approach adapted for performance enhancement, is illustrated. Finally, evidence from psychotherapy research is presented, and a recommendation for the use of mindfulness and acceptance in the context of competitive sports is given.}, language = {de} } @article{EhrlenspielGrafKuehnetal.2011, author = {Ehrlenspiel, Felix and Graf, Karla and K{\"u}hn, Christian and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Stability and variability of competitive anxiety}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, volume = {18}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010/a000034}, pages = {31 -- 43}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Spielberger's (1972) Trait-State-Anxiety theory distinguishes between anxiety as a trait (A-trait) - involving a stable characteristic of a person to react with anxiety in response to varying situations and anxiety as a state (A-state), a situation-dependent reaction to a stimulus perceived as threatening. Using a general instead of a sport-specific measure, a previous study provided only mixed support for core predictions of the theory as related to sports (Schwenkmezger, 1985). With the aid of enhanced instruments and statistical methods, we tested these predictions again. The multidimensional and competition-specific assessment of anxiety results in support for the assumption of a stable A-trait and a fluctuating A-state, whereby the A-trait not only predicts the intensity of A-states but also the A-state variability. The repeated assessment of A-states prior to two competitions reveals a rather low relative consistency (i.e., interindividual differences across measurements were only moderately stable). Especially this latter finding suggests that, in order to gain a full understanding of the experience of competitive anxiety in athletes, sport psychologists should not only assess competitive A-traits, but also repeatedly measure competitive A-states.}, language = {de} } @article{Schwarz2011, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {Compensating tendencies in penalty kick decisions of referees in professional football evidence from the German Bundesliga 1963-2006}, series = {Journal of sports sciences}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of sports sciences}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0264-0414}, doi = {10.1080/02640414.2010.538711}, pages = {441 -- 447}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Using a large representative database (12,902 matches from the top professional football league in Germany), I show that the number (441) of two-penalty matches is larger than expected by chance, and that among these 441 matches there are considerably more matches in which each team is awarded one penalty than would be expected on the basis of independent penalty kick decisions (odds ratio=11.2, relative risk=6.34). Additional analyses based on the score in the match before a penalty is awarded and on the timing of penalties, suggest that awarding a first penalty to one team raises the referee's penalty evidence criterion for the same team, and lowers the corresponding criterion for the other team.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerMayerBauretal.2011, author = {M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Patrizia and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Higher velocities in isokinetic dynamometry a pilot study of new test mode with active compensation of inertia}, series = {Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society}, volume = {19}, journal = {Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0959-3020}, doi = {10.3233/IES-2011-0398}, pages = {63 -- 70}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Isokinetic dynamometry is a standard technique for strength testing and training. Nevertheless reliability and validity is limited due to inertia effects, especially for high velocities. Therefore in a first methodological approach the purpose was to evaluate a new isokinetic measurement mode including inertia compensation compared to a classic isokinetic measurement mode for single and multijoint movements at different velocities. Isokinetic maximum strength measurements were carried out in 26 healthy active subjects. Tests were performed using classic isokinetic and new isokinetic mode in random order. Maximum torque/force, maximum movement velocity and time for acceleration were calculated. For inter-instrument agreement Bland and Altman analysis, systematic and random error was quantified. Differences between both methods were assessed (ANOVA alpha = 0.05). Bland and Altman analysis showed the highest agreement between the two modes for strength and velocity measurements (bias: < +/- 1.1\%; LOA: < 14.2\%) in knee flexion/extension at slow isokinetic velocity (60 degrees/s). Least agreement (range: bias: -67.6\% +/- 119.0\%; LOA: 53.4\% 69.3\%) was observed for shoulder/arm test at high isokinetic velocity (360 degrees/s). The Isokin(new) mode showed higher maximum movement velocities (p < 0.05). For low isokinetic velocities the new mode agrees with the classic mode. Especially at high isokinetic velocities the new isokinetic mode shows relevant benefits coupled with a possible trade-off with the force/torque measurement. In conclusion, this study offers for the first time a comparison between the 'classical' and inertia-compensated isokinetic dynamometers indicating the advantages and disadvantages associated with each individual approach, particularly as they relate to medium or high velocities in testing and training.}, language = {en} } @misc{ScharhagKnebelMayeretal.2011, author = {Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen and Knebel, F. and Mayer, Frank and Kindermann, Wilfried}, title = {Does marathon running damage the heart? - an update}, series = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention}, volume = {62}, journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention}, number = {9}, publisher = {WWF-Verl.-Ges.}, address = {Greven}, issn = {0344-5925}, pages = {293 -- 298}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Since the legend of the ancient Marathon run, the risk of endurance exercise-induced cardiovascular damage or sudden cardiac death is discussed. In recent studies, the exercise-induced increases in cardiac biomarkers in endurance athletes as well as acute alterations in cardiac function and cardiovascular abnormalities have been reported. As elevations of the cardiac biomarkers troponin and BM) have been observed frequently for the vast majority of athletes after Marathon runs or strenuous exercise bouts followed by a decrease within a short period, a physiological reaction rather than a pathologicial cause is presumed. Also a transient decrease of cardiac function demonstrated by newer echocardiographic techniques (tissue Doppler or speckle tracking imaging, 3D echocardiography) after strenuous exercise often termed "cardiac fatigue" should not be considered necessarily as pathologic, as cardiac function also depends on hemodynamic load and heart rate. Furthermore, exercise-induced changes in cardiac function did not correlate with exercise-induced increases in cardiac biomarkers in most studies. The functional cardiac alterations can also be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after Marathon runs. However, no signs of acute or chronic myocardial damage have been demonstrated in MRI studies in cardiovascular healthy athletes after running a Marathon, although especially in older athletes undetected cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease or myocardial necrosis or fibrosis can be present. hi conclusion, according to recent studies. there seems to be a lack of evidence to support endurance exercise-induced cardiac damage in the healthy heart which is adapted tostrenous exercise by regular endurance training. Nevertheless, as running a Marathon results in a high cardiac load, a sufficient endurance training period as well as a preparticipation or regular medical screening to exclude relevant congenital or aquired cardiovascular diseases is recommended from a sports cardiology perspective to exclude relevant congenital or acquired cardiovascular diseases}, language = {de} } @article{KahlertBrand2011, author = {Kahlert, Daniela and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Comparing self-report and accelerometry data a contribution to the validation of the MoMo-Physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents}, series = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention}, volume = {62}, journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention}, number = {2}, publisher = {WWF-Verl.-Ges.}, address = {Greven}, issn = {0344-5925}, pages = {36 -- +}, year = {2011}, abstract = {According to the results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) published in 2009, only 5\% to 8\% of the 15-17-year-old adolescents reach the current recommendations on health-enhancing physical activity This result (besides others in the survey) rests on data measured with the 25-item physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (MoMo-AFB). The present study compares two different methods of assessing physical activity with the purpose of testing the validity of the MoMo-AFB self-report. First, we measured the physical activity status of 73 15 to 18-year-old pupils (32 boys and 41 girls) over seven days via objective accelerometry (ActiGraph GT1M), then the pupils completed the MoMo-AFB for the same (previous) period. Results show that using the MoMo-AFB leads to higher levels of self-reported physical activity than measuring it with accelerometers. Furthermore, only the MoMo-AFB subscale MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), that uses two single items to decide whether the health-enhancing physical activity recommendation is reached or failed, corresponds statistically significantly with the accelerometry data. For all other subscales (e.g. school- or leisure time activity), we found no agreement. Further research, first of all on the measurement quality of the MoMo-AFB but also on the physical (in)activity status of children and adolescents, is needed.}, language = {de} } @article{KarlowatzScharhagRahnenfuehreretal.2011, author = {Karlowatz, Ruth-Jessica and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen and Rahnenfuehrer, J{\"o}rg and Schneider, Ulrich and Jakob, Ernst and Kindermann, Wilfried and Zang, Klaus Dieter}, title = {Polymorphisms in the IGF1 signalling pathway including the myostatin gene are associated with left ventricular mass in male athletes}, series = {British journal of sports medicine : the journal of sport and exercise medicine}, volume = {45}, journal = {British journal of sports medicine : the journal of sport and exercise medicine}, number = {1}, publisher = {BMJ Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {0306-3674}, doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2008.050567}, pages = {36 -- 41}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background Athlete's heart as an adaptation to long-time and intensive endurance training can vary considerably between individuals. Genetic polymorphisms in the cardiological relevant insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling pathway seem to have an essential influence on the extent of physiological hypertrophy. Objective Analysis of polymorphisms in the genes of IGF1, IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and the negative regulator of the cardiac IGF1 signalling pathway, myostatin (MSTN), and their relation to left ventricular mass (LVM) of endurance athletes. Methods In 110 elite endurance athletes or athletes with a high amount of endurance training (75 males and 35 females) and 27 male controls, which were examined by echocardiographic imaging methods and ergometric exercise-testing, the genotypes of a cytosine-adenine repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the IGF1 gene and a G/A substitution at position 3174 in the IGF1R gene were determined. Additionally, a mutation screen of the MSTN gene was performed. Results The polymorphisms in the IGF1 and the IGF1R gene showed a significant relation to the LVM for male (IGF1: p=0.003; IGF1R: p=0.01), but not for female athletes. The same applies to a previously unnoticed polymorphism in the 1 intron of the MSTN gene, whose deletion allele (AAA -> AA) appears to increase the myostatic effect (p=0.015). Moreover, combinations of the polymorphisms showed significant synergistic effects on the LVM of the male athletes. Conclusions The authors' results argue for the importance of polymorphisms in the IGF1 signalling pathway in combination with MSTN on the variant degree of physiological hypertrophy of male athletes.}, language = {en} } @article{KleinertBrand2011, author = {Kleinert, Jens and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Quality management of sport psychology care in competitive sports - (no) effect without acceptance?!}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, volume = {18}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010/a000041}, pages = {60 -- 72}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In the past decade quality management (QM) has grown to be one of the most important topics in the area of applied sport psychology. There we discuss structures, processes, and results concerning QM, considering the QM model of the European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM). In terms of results, quality can be defined in three areas: the coaching process itself (e. g., satisfaction and well-being of coach and client), psychological skills (e. g., efficacy of techniques used by the client), and health, personality, as well as sport performance (e. g., client's motor behavior in training and competition). Measures and processes to improve and ensure quality in these three areas are discussed as being dependent on four types of determinants: associated institutions, sport psychologists (i.e., individual competence and valence of tasks), coaching character, and socio-economic factors. As key processes of QM in this complex structure, both orientation to stakeholders and communication about quality and QM measures are identified.}, language = {de} } @article{ScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnCasseletal.2011, author = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {How to test maximal oxygen uptake a study on timing and testing procedure of a supramaximal verification test}, series = {Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliqu{\´e}e, nutrition et m{\´e}tabolisme}, volume = {36}, journal = {Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliqu{\´e}e, nutrition et m{\´e}tabolisme}, number = {1}, publisher = {NRC Research Press}, address = {Ottawa}, issn = {1715-5312}, doi = {10.1139/H10-099}, pages = {153 -- 160}, year = {2011}, abstract = {On utilise de plus en plus les tests de verification pour confirmer l'atteinte du consommation d'oxygene maximale (VO(2 max)). Toutefois, le moment et les methodes d'evaluation varient d'un groupe de travail a l'autre. Les objectifs de cette etude sont de constater si on peut administrer un test de verification apres un test d'effort progressif ou s'il est preferable de le faire une autre journee et si on peut determiner le VO(2 max) tout de meme lors de la premiere seance chez des sujets ne repondant pas au critere de verification. Quarante sujets (age, 24 +/- 4 ans; VO(2 max), 50 +/- 7 mL center dot min(-1)center dot kg(-1)) participent a un test d'effort progressif sur tapis roulant et, 10 min plus tard, a un test de verification (VerifDay1) a 110 \% de la velocite maximale (v(max)). Le critere de verification est un VO(2) de pointe au VerifDay1 < 5,5 \% a la valeur retenue au test d'effort progressif. Les sujets ne repondant pas au critere de verification passent un autre test de verification, mais a 115 \% du VerifDay1', et ce, 10 min plus tard pour confirmer le VO(2) de pointe du VerifDay1 en tant que VO(2 max). Tous les autres sujets repassent le VerifDay1 a un jour different (VerifDay2). Six sujets sur quarante ne repondent pas au critere de verification. Chez quatre d'entre eux, on confirme l'atteinte du VO(2 max) au VerifDay1'. Le VO(2) de pointe au VerifDay1 est equivalent a celui du VerifDay2 (3722 +/- 991 mL center dot min(-1) comparativement a 3752 +/- 995 mL center dot min(-1), p = 0,56), mais le temps jusqu'a l'epuisement est significativement plus long au VerifDay2 (2:06 +/- 0:22 min:s comparativement a 2:42 +/- 0:38 min:s, p < 0,001, n = 34). Le VO(2) de pointe obtenu au test de verification ne semble pas conditionne par un test d'effort progressif maximal prealable. On peut donc realiser le test d'effort progressif et le test de verification lors de la meme seance d'evaluation. Chez presque tous les individus ne repondant pas au critere de verification, on peut determiner le VO(2 max) au moyen d'un autre test de verification plus intense.}, language = {en} } @article{CarlsohnScharhagRosenbergerCasseletal.2011, author = {Carlsohn, Anja and Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Cassel, Michael and Weber, Josefine and Guzman, Annette de Guzman and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Physical activity levels to estimate the energy requirement of adolescent athletes}, series = {Pediatric exercise science}, volume = {23}, journal = {Pediatric exercise science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {0899-8493}, pages = {261 -- 269}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Adequate energy intake in adolescent athletes is considered important. Total energy expenditure (TEE) can be calculated from resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity level (PAL). However, validated PAL recommendations are available for adult athletes only. Purpose was to comprise physical activity data in adolescent athletes and to establish PAL recommendations for this population. In 64 competitive athletes (15.3 +/- 1.5yr, 20.5 +/- 2.0kg/m(2)) and 14 controls (15.1 +/- 1.1yr, 21 +/- 2.1kg/m(2)) TEE was calculated using 7-day activity protocols validated against doubly-labeled water. REE was estimated by Schofield-HW equation, and PAL was calculated as TEE:REE. Observed PAL in adolescent athletes (1.90 +/- 0.35) did not differ compared with controls (1.84 +/- 0.32, p = .582) and was lower than recommended for adult athletes by the WHO. In conclusion, applicability of PAL values recommended for adult athletes to estimate energy requirements in adolescent athletes must be questioned. Instead, a PAL range of 1.75-2.05 is suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{BonaventuraSonntagKleber2011, author = {Bonaventura, Klaus and Sonntag, Steffen and Kleber, Franz X.}, title = {Antiplatelet therapy in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting balloons}, series = {EuroIntervention : official journal of EuroPCR and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)}, volume = {7}, journal = {EuroIntervention : official journal of EuroPCR and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Toulouse}, issn = {1774-024X}, pages = {K106 -- K111}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The high rate of restenosis associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures can be reduced with the implantation of metallic stents into the stenotic vessels. The knowledge that neointimal formation can result in restenosis after stent implantation led to the development of drug-eluting stents (DES) which require long lasting antiplatelet therapy to avoid thrombotic complications. In the last years, the drug-eluting balloon (DEB) technology has emerged as an alternative option for the treatment of coronary and peripheral arteries. Clinical studies demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of DEB in various clinical scenarios and support the use of paclitaxel-eluting balloons for the treatment of in-stent restenosis, of small coronary arteries and bifurcations lesions. The protocols of DEB studies suggest that the dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel of four weeks after DEB is safe and effective.}, language = {en} } @misc{MayerScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnetal.2011, author = {Mayer, Frank and Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly}, series = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt international : a weekly online journal of clinical medicine and public health}, volume = {108}, journal = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt international : a weekly online journal of clinical medicine and public health}, number = {21}, publisher = {Dt. {\"A}rzte-Verl.}, address = {Cologne}, issn = {1866-0452}, doi = {10.3238/arztebl.2011.0359}, pages = {359 -- U30}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background: The elderly need strength training more and more as they grow older to stay mobile for their everyday activities. The goal of training is to reduce the loss of muscle mass and the resulting loss of motor function. The dose-response relationship of training intensity to training effect has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: PubMed was selectively searched for articles that appeared in the past 5 years about the effects and dose-response relationship of strength training in the elderly. Results: Strength training in the elderly (> 60 years) increases muscle strength by increasing muscle mass, and by improving the recruitment of motor units, and increasing their firing rate. Muscle mass can be increased through training at an intensity corresponding to 60\% to 85\% of the individual maximum voluntary strength. Improving the rate of force development requires training at a higher intensity (above 85\%), in the elderly just as in younger persons. It is now recommended that healthy old people should train 3 or 4 times weekly for the best results; persons with poor performance at the outset can achieve improvement even with less frequent training. Side effects are rare. Conclusion: Progressive strength training in the elderly is efficient, even with higher intensities, to reduce sarcopenia, and to retain motor function.}, language = {en} } @article{CarlsohnCasselLinneetal.2011, author = {Carlsohn, Anja and Cassel, Michael and Linne, Karsten and Mayer, Frank}, title = {How much is too much? - a case report of nutritional supplement use of a high-performance athlete}, series = {The British journal of nutrition : an international journal devoted to the science of human and animal nutrition}, volume = {105}, journal = {The British journal of nutrition : an international journal devoted to the science of human and animal nutrition}, number = {12}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0007-1145}, doi = {10.1017/S0007114510005556}, pages = {1724 -- 1728}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Although dietary nutrient intake is often adequate, nutritional supplement use is common among elite athletes. However, high-dose supplements or the use of multiple supplements may exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of particular nutrients or even result in a daily intake above tolerable upper limits (UL). The present case report presents nutritional intake data and supplement use of a highly trained male swimmer competing at international level. Habitual energy and micronutrient intake were analysed by 3 d dietary reports. Supplement use and dosage were assessed, and total amount of nutrient supply was calculated. Micronutrient intake was evaluated based on RDA and UL as presented by the European Scientific Committee on Food, and maximum permitted levels in supplements (MPL) are given. The athlete's diet provided adequate micronutrient content well above RDA except for vitamin D. Simultaneous use of ten different supplements was reported, resulting in excess intake above tolerable UL for folate, vitamin E and Zn. Additionally, daily supplement dosage was considerably above MPL for nine micronutrients consumed as artificial products. Risks and possible side effects of exceeding UL by the athlete are discussed. Athletes with high energy intake may be at risk of exceeding UL of particular nutrients if multiple supplements are added. Therefore, dietary counselling of athletes should include assessment of habitual diet and nutritional supplement intake. Educating athletes to balance their diets instead of taking supplements might be prudent to prevent health risks that may occur with long-term excess nutrient intake.}, language = {en} } @article{BaurMuellerHirschmuelleretal.2011, author = {Baur, Heiner and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja and Cassel, Michael and Weber, Josefine and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Comparison in lower leg neuromuscular activity between runners with unilateral mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy and healthy individuals}, series = {Journal of electromyography and kinesiology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of electromyography and kinesiology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1050-6411}, doi = {10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.11.010}, pages = {499 -- 505}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Neuromuscular control in functional situations and possible impairments due to Achilles tendinopathy are not well understood. Thirty controls (CO) and 30 runners with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) were tested on a treadmill at 3.33 m s(-1) (12 km h(-1)). Neuromuscular activity of the lower leg (tibialis anterior, peroneal, and gastrocnemius muscle) was measured by surface electromyography. Mean amplitude values (MAV) for the gait cycle phases preactivation, weight acceptance and push-off were calculated and normalised to the mean activity of the entire gait cycle. MAVs of the tibialis anterior did not differ between CO and AT in any gait cycle phase. The activation of the peroneal muscle was lower in AT in weight acceptance (p = 0.006), whereas no difference between CO and AT was found in preactivation (p = 0.71) and push-off (p = 0.83). Also, MAVs of the gastrocnemius muscle did not differ between AT and CO in preactivity (p = 0.71) but were reduced in AT during weight acceptance (p = 0.001) and push-off (p = 0.04). Achilles tendinopathy does not seem to alter pre-programmed neural control but might induce mechanical deficits of the lower extremity during weight bearing (joint stability). This should be addressed in the therapy process of AT.}, language = {en} } @article{BaurHirschmuellerMuelleretal.2011, author = {Baur, Heiner and Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Neuromuscular activity of the peroneal muscle after foot orthoses therapy in runners}, series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine}, volume = {43}, journal = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine}, number = {8}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0195-9131}, doi = {10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820c64ae}, pages = {1500 -- 1506}, year = {2011}, abstract = {BAUR, H., A. HIRSCHMULLER, S. MULLER, and F. MAYER. Neuromuscular Activity of the Peroneal Muscle after Foot Orthoses Therapy in Runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 1500-1506, 2011. Purpose: Foot orthoses are a standard option to treat overuse injury. Biomechanical data providing mechanisms of foot orthoses' effectiveness are sparse. Stability of the ankle joint complex might be a key factor. The purpose was therefore to analyze neuromuscular activity of the musculus peroneus longus in runners with overuse injury symptoms treated with foot orthoses. Methods: A total of 99 male and female runners with overuse injury symptoms randomized in a control group (CO) and an orthoses group (OR) were analyzed on a treadmill at 3.3 m.s(-1) before and after an 8-wk foot orthoses intervention. Muscular activity of the musculus peroneus longus was measured and quantified in the time domain (initial onset of activation (T-ini), time of maximal activity (T-max), total time of activation (T-tot)) and amplitude domain (amplitude in preactivation (A(pre)), weight acceptance (A(wa)), push-off (A(po))). Results: Peroneal activity in the time domain did not differ initially between CO and OR, and no effect was observed after therapy (T-ini: CO = -0.88 +/- 0.09, OR = -0.88 +/- 0.08 / T-max: CO = 0.14 +/- 0.06, OR = 0.15 +/- 0.06 / T-tot: CO = 0.40 +/- 0.09, OR = 0.41 +/- 0.09; P > 0.05). In preactivation (Apre), muscle activity was higher in OR after intervention (CO = 0.97 +/- 0.32, 95\% confidence interval = 0.90-1.05; OR = 1.18 +/- 0.43, 95\% confidence interval = 1.08-1.28; P = 0.003). There was no group or intervention effect during stance (A(wa): CO = 2.33 +/- 0.66, OR = 2.33 +/- 0.74 / A(po): CO = 0.80 +/- 0.41, OR = 0.88 +/- 0.40; P > 0.05). Conclusions: Enhanced muscle activation of the musculus peroneus longus in preactivation suggests an altered preprogrammed activity, which might lead to better ankle stability providing a possible mode of action for foot orthoses therapy.}, language = {en} } @article{KramerNagyTrautweinetal.2011, author = {Kramer, Jochen and Nagy, Gabriel and Trautwein, Ulrich and Luedtke, Oliver and Jonkmann, Kathrin and Maaz, Kai and Treptow, Rainer}, title = {High class students in the universities, the rest in the other institutions of higher education}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, volume = {14}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1434-663X}, doi = {10.1007/s11618-011-0213-4}, pages = {465 -- 487}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In Germany, different types of university-level institutions are available for tertiary education: traditional universities (Universitaten) and-since the 1970s-universities of applied science (Fachhochschulen) as well as universities of cooperative education (Berufsakademien). The present study investigates differences in key areas related to students' academic choices and success: do students at different types of university differ significantly in terms of cognitive performance, personality or social background? We compared N = 1.230 students at traditional universities, universities of applied science, and universities of cooperative education (Baden-Wurttemberg Cooperative State University) on the basis of a large scale longitudinal study in the German federal state of Baden-Wurttemberg. Students of the different university types differed significantly in all three key areas (cognitive performance, personality, and social background) within the fields of technical sciences and economics. We determine the relative importance of these key areas for differences between university types and we discuss the implications of our findings.}, language = {de} } @article{TrautweinNagyMaaz2011, author = {Trautwein, Ulrich and Nagy, Gabriel and Maaz, Kai}, title = {Social disparities and the opening of the secondary school system in Germany}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, volume = {14}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1434-663X}, doi = {10.1007/s11618-011-0220-5}, pages = {445 -- 463}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Efforts to break the link between the school type attended and the qualification awarded are seen an important step in the modernization of Germany's tracked secondary school system. However, it remains disputed whether these efforts have reduced social disparities or in fact increased them. This study examined the transition from lower secondary education in academic- and intermediate-track schools to upper secondary education in general and vocational gymnasium schools in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg. When indicators of parental social background and school-leaving qualifications were controlled, the opening of upper secondary education was found to be associated with a decrease in the social selectivity of upper secondary education for intermediate-track students. At the same time, for those intermediate-track students who were entitled to enter upper secondary education, social background had predictive effects on the transition decision; however, the overall size of these effects was low.}, language = {de} } @article{HirschmuellerBaurMuelleretal.2011, author = {Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja and Baur, Heiner and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Helwig, Peter and Dickhuth, Hans-Hermann and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Clinical effectiveness of customised sport shoe orthoses for overuse injuries in runners a randomised controlled study}, series = {British journal of sports medicine : the journal of sport and exercise medicine}, volume = {45}, journal = {British journal of sports medicine : the journal of sport and exercise medicine}, number = {12}, publisher = {BMJ Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {0306-3674}, doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2008.055830}, pages = {959 -- 965}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background and objectives Treatment of chronic running-related overuse injuries by orthopaedic shoe orthoses is very common but not evidence-based to date. Hypothesis Polyurethane foam orthoses adapted to a participant's barefoot plantar pressure distribution are an effective treatment option for chronic overuse injuries in runners. Design Prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Intervention 51 patients with running injuries were treated with custom-made, semirigid running shoe orthoses for 8 weeks. 48 served as a randomised control group that continued regular training activity without any treatment. Main outcome measures Evaluation was made by the validated pain questionnaire Subjective Pain Experience Scale, the pain disability index and a comfort index in the orthoses group (ICI). Results There were statistically significant differences between the orthoses and control groups at 8 weeks for the pain disability index (mean difference 3.2; 95\% CI 0.9 to 5.5) and the Subjective Pain Experience Scale (6.6; 2.6 to 10.6). The patients with orthoses reported a rising wearing comfort (pre-treatment ICI 69/100; post-treatment ICI 83/100) that was most pronounced in the first 4 weeks (ICI 80.4/100). Conclusion Customised polyurethane running shoe orthoses are an effective conservative therapy strategy for chronic running injuries with high comfort and acceptance of injured runners.}, language = {en} } @article{HirschmuellerKonstantinidisBauretal.2011, author = {Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja and Konstantinidis, Lukas and Baur, Heiner and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mehlhorn, Alexander and Kontermann, Julia and Grosse, Ulrich and S{\"u}dkamp, Norbert P. and Helwig, Peter}, title = {Do changes in dynamic plantar pressure distribution, strength capacity and postural control after intra-articular calcaneal fracture correlate with clinical and radiological outcome?}, series = {Injury : international journal of the care of the injured}, volume = {42}, journal = {Injury : international journal of the care of the injured}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0020-1383}, doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2010.09.040}, pages = {1135 -- 1143}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Fractures of the calcaneus are often associated with serious permanent disability, a considerable reduction in quality of life, and high socio-economic cost. Although some studies have already reported changes in plantar pressure distribution after calcaneal fracture, no investigation has yet focused on the patient's strength and postural control. Method: 60 patients with unilateral, operatively treated, intra-articular calcaneal fractures were clinically and biomechanically evaluated >1 year postoperatively (physical examination, SF-36, AOFAS score, lower leg isokinetic strength, postural control and gait analysis including plantar pressure distribution). Results were correlated to clinical outcome and preoperative radiological findings (Bohler angle, Zwipp and Sanders Score). Results: Clinical examination revealed a statistically significant reduction in range of motion at the tibiotalar and the subtalar joint on the affected side. Additionally, there was a statistically significant reduction of plantar flexor peak torque of the injured compared to the uninjured limb (p < 0.001) as well as a reduction in postural control that was also more pronounced on the initially injured side (standing duration 4.2 +/- 2.9 s vs. 7.6 +/- 2.1 s, p < 0.05). Plantar pressure measurements revealed a statistically significant pressure reduction at the hindfoot (p = 0.0007) and a pressure increase at the midfoot (p = 0.0001) and beneath the lateral forefoot (p = 0.037) of the injured foot. There was only a weak correlation between radiological classifications and clinical outcome but a moderate correlation between strength differences and the clinical questionnaires (CC 0.27-0.4) as well as between standing duration and the clinical questionnaires. Although thigh circumference was also reduced on the injured side, there was no important relationship between changes in lower leg circumference and strength suggesting that measurement of leg circumference may not be a valid assessment of maximum strength deficits. Self-selected walking speed was the parameter that showed the best correlation with clinical outcome (AOFAS score). Conclusion: Calcaneal fractures are associated with a significant reduction in ankle joint ROM, plantar flexion strength and postural control. These impairments seem to be highly relevant to the patients. Restoration of muscular strength and proprioception should therefore be aggressively addressed in the rehabilitation process after these fractures.}, language = {en} }