@phdthesis{AltmanDoron2017, author = {Altman Doron, Ilana}, title = {שאלת ההזרעה המלאכותית בספרות השו"ת}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103582}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 443, M}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This research concentrates on the investigation of the Responsa literature and the examination of attitudes of Jewish religious decisors towards artificial insemination (AI), as well as other reproductive technologies such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy and egg donation. The study attempts to elucidate the formation of Halacha on this question according to the Responsa literature starting from the Rishonim (the early authorities) period (11th till 15th centuries) and up to the Acharonim (the later authorities) period (from the 16th century and onwards), and concentrating primarily on the modern era and last century. The aim of this research is to examine the process of reasoning and decision making of religious authorities, dealing with the penetration of technological and scientific advancements into a closed and conservative society. Our analysis shows how rabbis are facing the conflict between medical and social necessity to access advanced medical treatments and fear of social transitions and religious implications, caused by such technologies. In addition to analysis of the Orthodox Responsa, this study surveys also the opinion of rabbis in Reform and Conservative Judaism.}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Bark2009, author = {Bark, Franziska}, title = {Ein Heiligtum im Kopf der Leser : Literaturanalytische Betrachtungen zu 25 - 40}, series = {Stuttgarter Bibelstudien}, volume = {218}, journal = {Stuttgarter Bibelstudien}, publisher = {Verl. Kath. Bibelwerk}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-460-03184-5}, pages = {172 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Blankovsky2014, author = {Blankovsky, Yuval}, title = {עבירה לשמה}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-87158}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2014}, abstract = {A Transgression for the Sake of God -'Averah li-shmah: A Tale of a Radical Idea in Talmudic Literature All cultures, religions, and ethical or legal systems struggle with the role intention plays in evaluating actions. The Talmud compellingly elaborates on the notion of intention through the radical concept that "A sin committed for the sake of God [averah li-shmah] is greater than a commandment fulfilled not for the sake of God [mi-mizvah she-lo li-shmah]." The Babylonian Talmud attributes this concept—which challenges one of rabbinic Judaism's most fundamental dogmas, the obligation to fulfill the commandments and avoid sin—to R. Nahman b. Isaac (RNBI), a renowned 4th century Amora. Considering the normative character of the rabbinic culture in which Halakhah (Jewish religious law) plays such a central role, this concept, seems almost like a foreign body in the Talmudic corpus. The study focuses on the linguistic stratum of RNBI's statement. By tracking the development of the meanings and uses of the word 'li-shmah' the research locates RNBI's statement as part of the broader Talmudic discourse evaluating two levels of performing religious actions 'li-shmah/she-lo li-shmah'. Since we wish to explain the word 'li-shmah' consistently both times it appears in the statement, the best translation would be 'for the sake of God'. This translation is based on the linguistic connection between the word 'li-shmah' and the term 'le-shem shamayim' (for the sake of God) that appears in several rabbinic sources. This linguistic connection is also the key to identifying the possible root of RNBI's concept. RNBI bolsters his idea by quoting a verse about Jael, thus implying that Jael sinned for the sake of God. The research describes at least five statements in Sages' Literature that attribute sins for the sake of God to other biblical figures, all the while using the term 'le-shem shamim'. Therefore we may presume that RNBI's concept has evolved from the exegetical notion of attributing sin for the sake of God to biblical figures. To understand the way RNBI's statement was accepted in Talmudic culture, we must explore the textual witnesses to the literary frame of RNBI's statement: the Talmudic sugya (Nazir 23a; Horayot 10b). We possess five versions of the sugya's dialectical structure. Comparison of these versions, allows us to reconstruct the earlier dialectical structure, from which the familiar versions developed. The radical potential of RNBI's statement led to cultural activity, in the transmission of the sugya, in an effort to mitigate it. This activity is reflected in late additions to the sugya identified by our research—which should be viewed as a process of self-censorship for ideological reasons. This research explores a fundamental issue in rabbinic world: the immanent contradiction between law and intention. The research depicts in detail the movement of a radical idea from the margins culture to mainstream - in this case into the Babylonian Talmud. Therefore, the findings of this research provide substantial insight into our understanding of the interpretive process and of conceptual adaptation in rabbinic culture.}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Brauer1998, author = {Brauer, Stefanie}, title = {Siegfied Jacobsohn : eine Berliner Biographie}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {227 S., 1 Kt.}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Doedtmann2021, author = {D{\"o}dtmann, Eik}, title = {Die Charedim in Israel im 21. Jahrhundert}, series = {Potsdamer J{\"u}dische Studien}, journal = {Potsdamer J{\"u}dische Studien}, number = {7}, publisher = {be.bra wissenschaft verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-95410-271-6}, issn = {2570-1002}, pages = {354}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Charedim, die isolationistisch-fundamentalistisch lebenden ultraorthodoxen Juden, sind die am schnellsten wachsende Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppe in Israel. Bis Mitte des 21. Jahrhunderts, so sagen Prognosen voraus, wird ihr Anteil auf fast ein Drittel der Juden in Israel angewachsen sein. In seiner Studie, einer der ersten ihrer Art im deutschsprachigen Raum, beschreibt Eik D{\"o}dtmann die aktuellen Entwicklungen und Wechselwirkungen zwischen der s{\"a}kular-j{\"u}dischen Mehrheit und der strengreligi{\"o}sen charedischen Gesellschaft. Er untersucht dabei den politischen Einfluss der Charedim auf die Innen- und Außenpolitik Israels, die juristische Konstellation einer Semi-Theokratie und ihren Einfluss auf die Freiheit des Individuums sowie die Problemfelder der Integration charedischer M{\"a}nner in den Arbeitsmarkt, des Wehrdienstes und des {\"o}ffentlichen Lebens am Schabbat, dem heiligen Tag der j{\"u}dischen Woche.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Galley2000, author = {Galley, Susanne}, title = {Zaddik Jessod Olam : der Zaddik als Fundament der Welt ; Untersuchungen zur osteurop{\"a}ischen-j{\"u}dischen Hagiographie des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts aufgrund von Erz{\"a}hlungen aus dem Umfeld des Chassidismus}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gebauer2020, author = {Gebauer, Sascha}, title = {Hugo Greßmann und sein Programm der Religionsgeschichte}, series = {Beihefte zur Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ; 523}, journal = {Beihefte zur Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft ; 523}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin/Boston}, isbn = {978-3-11-066965-7}, issn = {0934-2575}, doi = {10.1515/9783110669657}, pages = {288}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Hugo Greßmann (1877-1927) hat als einer der f{\"u}hrenden Vertreter der Religionsgeschichtlichen Schule die religionsgeschichtliche Methode zur Geltung gebracht. Die biographisch-wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Studie stellt Greßmanns religionsgeschichtliches Programm dar, ordnet es in den wissenschaftshistorischen Kontext ein und zeigt seine Bedeutung f{\"u}r die weitere Wissenschaftsgeschichte auf.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{GeisslerGruenberg2022, author = {Geißler-Gr{\"u}nberg, Anke}, title = {J{\"u}discher Friedhof Potsdam : Dokumentation - Geschichte - Erinnerungsort}, series = {J{\"u}dische Kultur. Studien zur Geistesgeschichte, Religion und Literatur ; 35,2}, journal = {J{\"u}dische Kultur. Studien zur Geistesgeschichte, Religion und Literatur ; 35,2}, publisher = {Harrassowitz}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-447-11921-4}, issn = {1431-6757}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 768}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Der J{\"u}dische Friedhof in Potsdam am Pfingstberg wurde 1743 angelegt und kontinuierlich bis in die NS-Zeit belegt. Bis Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts gab es vereinzelte Begr{\"a}bnisse mit Bezug zur alten J{\"u}dischen Gemeinde Potsdams; mehrere Gedenkanlagen wurden errichtet. Mit mehr als 500 historischen Grabanlagen, seinem Ensemble aus Friedhofsbauten sowie aufgrund seiner Landschaftsarchitektur geh{\"o}rt dieser Ort heute zum UNESCO-Welterbe. Teil 1 von Anke Geißler-Gr{\"u}nbergs Studie ist der Geschichte des Friedhofs gewidmet. Nach einem Blick auf die Rolle der J{\"u}dischen Gemeinde Potsdams als Eigent{\"u}merin des Friedhofs erfolgt unter Auswertung von umfangreichem Archivmaterial eine detaillierte Darstellung der Geschichte des „Guten Ortes". Eine Untersuchung s{\"a}mtlicher Grabmale auf unterschiedliche Gestaltungsmerkmale visualisiert und rekonstruiert die Ver{\"a}nderungen in der erhaltenen Sepulkralkultur. Abschließend richtet sich der Fokus auf den Umgang mit dem Friedhof als Ort der Erinnerung. Teil 2 bietet die Dokumentation von 370 Grabanlagen. Um den Friedhof in seiner Gesamtheit abzubilden, wurde die 1992 erfolgte Teildokumentation der 158 Grabsteine des gesamten {\"a}ltesten Begr{\"a}bnisfeldes erg{\"a}nzend hinzugenommen. Mit mehr als 1.000 Fotos wird hier ein einmaliges Zeugnis der Brandenburger Juden dokumentiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{GeisslerGruenberg2022, author = {Geißler-Gr{\"u}nberg, Anke}, title = {J{\"u}discher Friedhof Potsdam : Dokumentation - Geschichte - Erinnerungsort}, series = {J{\"u}dische Kultur. Studien zur Geistesgeschichte, Religion und Literatur ; 35,1}, journal = {J{\"u}dische Kultur. Studien zur Geistesgeschichte, Religion und Literatur ; 35,1}, publisher = {Harrassowitz}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-447-11920-7}, issn = {1431-6757}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 289}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Der J{\"u}dische Friedhof in Potsdam am Pfingstberg wurde 1743 angelegt und kontinuierlich bis in die NS-Zeit belegt. Bis Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts gab es vereinzelte Begr{\"a}bnisse mit Bezug zur alten J{\"u}dischen Gemeinde Potsdams; mehrere Gedenkanlagen wurden errichtet. Mit mehr als 500 historischen Grabanlagen, seinem Ensemble aus Friedhofsbauten sowie aufgrund seiner Landschaftsarchitektur geh{\"o}rt dieser Ort heute zum UNESCO-Welterbe. Teil 1 von Anke Geißler-Gr{\"u}nbergs Studie ist der Geschichte des Friedhofs gewidmet. Nach einem Blick auf die Rolle der J{\"u}dischen Gemeinde Potsdams als Eigent{\"u}merin des Friedhofs erfolgt unter Auswertung von umfangreichem Archivmaterial eine detaillierte Darstellung der Geschichte des „Guten Ortes". Eine Untersuchung s{\"a}mtlicher Grabmale auf unterschiedliche Gestaltungsmerkmale visualisiert und rekonstruiert die Ver{\"a}nderungen in der erhaltenen Sepulkralkultur. Abschließend richtet sich der Fokus auf den Umgang mit dem Friedhof als Ort der Erinnerung. Teil 2 bietet die Dokumentation von 370 Grabanlagen. Um den Friedhof in seiner Gesamtheit abzubilden, wurde die 1992 erfolgte Teildokumentation der 158 Grabsteine des gesamten {\"a}ltesten Begr{\"a}bnisfeldes erg{\"a}nzend hinzugenommen. Mit mehr als 1.000 Fotos wird hier ein einmaliges Zeugnis der Brandenburger Juden dokumentiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Geldermann2005, author = {Geldermann, Barbara}, title = {Zwischen den Welten - Identit{\"a}tskonstruktionen in außereurop{\"a}ischen und multiethnischen Kulturr{\"a}umen am Beispiel der bagdadisch-j{\"u}dischen Gemeinde von Shanghai : (1843-1949)}, pages = {219 Bl. : Ill.}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Glau1999, author = {Glau, Angelika}, title = {J{\"u}disches Selbstverst{\"a}ndnis im Wandel : jiddische Literatur zu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts}, series = {J{\"u}dische Kultur}, volume = {6}, journal = {J{\"u}dische Kultur}, publisher = {Harrassowitz}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {3-447-04183-8}, issn = {1431-6757}, pages = {362 S.}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gloeckner2010, author = {Gl{\"o}ckner, Olaf}, title = {Immigrated Russian Jewish elites in Israel and Germany after 1990}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-50369}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Russian Jews who left the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and its Successor States after 1989 are considered as one of the best qualified migrants group worldwide. In the preferred countries of destination (Israel, the United States and Germany) they are well-known for cultural self-assertion, strong social upward mobility and manifold forms of self organisation and empowerment. Using Suzanne Kellers sociological model of "Strategic Elites", it easily becomes clear that a huge share of the Russian Jewish Immigrants in Germany and Israel are part of various elites due to their qualification and high positions in the FSU - first of all professional, cultural and intellectual elites ("Intelligentsija"). The study aimed to find out to what extent developments of cultural self-assertion, of local and transnational networking and of ethno-cultural empowerment are supported or even initiated by the immigrated (Russian Jewish) Elites. The empirical basis for this study have been 35 half-structured expert interviews with Russian Jews in both countries (Israel, Germany) - most of them scholars, artists, writers, journalists/publicists, teachers, engineers, social workers, students and politicians. The qualitative analysis of the interview material in Israel and Germany revealed that there are a lot of commonalities but also significant differences. It was obvious that almost all of the interview partners remained to be linked with Russian speaking networks and communities, irrespective of their success (or failure) in integration into the host societies. Many of them showed self-confidence with regard to the groups' amazing professional resources (70\% of the adults with academic degree), and the cultural, professional and political potential of the FSU immigrants was usually considered as equal to those of the host population(s). Thus, the immigrants' interest in direct societal participation and social acceptance was accordingly high. Assimilation was no option. For the Russian Jewish "sense of community" in Israel and Germany, Russian Language, Arts and general Russian culture have remained of key importance. The Immigrants do not feel an insuperable contradiction when feeling "Russian" in cultural terms, "Jewish" in ethnical terms and "Israeli" / "German" in national terms - in that a typical case of additive identity shaping what is also significant for the Elites of these Immigrants. Tendencies of ethno-cultural self organisation - which do not necessarily hinder impressing individual careers in the new surroundings - are more noticeable in Israel. Thus, a part of the Russian Jewish Elites has responded to social exclusion, discrimination or blocking by local population (and by local elites) with intense efforts to build (Russian Jewish) Associations, Media, Educational Institutions and even Political Parties. All in all, the results of this study do very much contradict popular stereotypes of the Russian Jewish Immigrant as a pragmatic, passive "Homo Sovieticus". Among the Interview Partners in this study, civil-societal commitment was not the exception but rather the rule. Traditional activities of the early, legendary Russian „Intelligentsija" were marked by smooth transitions from arts, education and societal/political commitment. There seem to be certain continuities of this self-demand in some of the Russian Jewish groups in Israel. Though, nothing comparable could be drawn from the Interviews with the Immigrants in Germany. Thus, the myth and self-demand of Russian "Intelligentsija" is irrelevant for collective discourses among Russian Jews in Germany.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gurman2014, author = {Gurman, Avraham I.}, title = {איסור נישואי "מעוברת חברו ומנקת חברו" במשפט העברי}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-77081}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIX, 343, P}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Period of the Sages 1. The stringent approach in the early halakhah: we assume that a pregnant or nursing widow was forbidden to remarry because such a marriage would be considered trespassing on the domain of her late husband. This prohibition was perceived as quite severe since it stemmed from biblical verses. 2. The lenient approach: A different rationale was given for the prohibition, and significant exceptions were made to the prohibition. Furthermore, many rabbinic scholars maintained that the prohibition's duration should be less than twenty-four months. 3. Choosing stringency with the closing of the Talmud: At the end of the amoraic period, or, perhaps, even in the saboraic period, the rabbis decided to adopt the more stringent positions pertaining to the marital prohibition. They ruled that there were to be no exceptions to the law, except if the child died. Likewise, the rabbis ruled that the duration of the waiting period would be twenty-four months from the birth of the child. The Geonic period 4. In the Geonic period differences of opinion between the Babylonian Jews and the Jews living in the Land of Israel were preserved. These differences had their roots in sources in the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds, respectively. Ultimately, the Babylonian Geonim ensured that the Babylonian Talmud's approach became the consensus opinion among the rabbinic decisors. The Period of the Rishonim (Early Authorities) 5. Broadening the scope of the prohibition: In the period of the Early Authorities, the rabbis decided that the prohibition also applied to divorcees who had children from their previous marriages and to single women who had children out of wedlock. These rulings greatly expanded the scope of the prohibition. 6. Exceptions to the prohibition - the case of R. Jacob ha-Kohen of Cracow and its impact on the Spanish sages: R. Jacob of Cracow believed that exceptions could be made to the prohibition. By hiring a wet nurse for the child and creating a mechanism that would prevent her from breaking her commitment, the mother could remarry. This position was vehemently rejected by the sages of Ashkenaz, but Spanish sages seemed to have accepted it. When R. Asher b. Yehiel (Rosh) fled to Spain, he revolutionized the Spanish approach, leading the Spanish sages to adopt the stringent approach that originated in Ashkenaz. The Modern period 7. In the Modern period, with the shortening of the average nursing period, the rabbinic decisors faced a dilemma: on the one hand the classical halakhic literature adopted a stringent approach to the prohibition, but on the other hand, the rationale to the prohibition almost disappeared. The Halakhah reacted to this new reality by adopting two contradictory approaches: the stringent one and the lenient one. 8. The stringent approach fashioned by the Chatam Sofer: The Chatam Sofer and his disciples were only willing to annul the prohibition if forbidding the marriage was likely to cause the child to ultimately forsake religion. The Chatam Sofer's stringent approach was influenced by the fact that one of the early religious reformers, R. Aharon Churin argued that the marital ban should be abrogated. In order to strengthen the prohibition's legitimacy, Sofer's student, the Maharam Schik, argued that the prohibition was biblically mandated and he suggested a new rational to the prohibition. 9. The lenient approach: This approach is the product of a number of lenient rulings issued by various rabbinic decisors. These leniencies reflect the tremendous openness of the text to interpretation. Sources that had been interpreted stringently for hundreds of years were suddenly interpreted in a far more lenient fashion. We presume that the change in interpretation was a result of the change of the surrounding environment. 10. The Chatam Sofer's school's stringent opinion influenced the lenient rabbinic decisors too, vitiating their willingness to cross certain boundaries. Thus, the lenient decisors were willing to adopt lenient interpretations to the ancient sources, but they were not usually willing to recognize the need for a dramatic change in the law's status in light of the changing reality.}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Hadad2021, author = {Hadad, Yemima}, title = {History of Forgetfulness}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {333}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hafner2004, author = {Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, title = {Individualisierung des Religi{\"o}sen? : die Pflege religi{\"o}ser Grammatik als Aufgabe missionarischer Kirche}, isbn = {3-451-02206-0}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hafner2003, author = {Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, title = {Selbstdefinition des Christentums : ein systemtheoretischer Zugang zur fr{\"u}hchristlichen Ausgrenzung der Gnosis}, publisher = {Herder}, address = {Freiburg im Breisgau}, isbn = {3-451-28073-6}, pages = {654 S.}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Der Blick auf die Weichenstellungen der Christentumsgeschichte dient dazu, sich angesichts konkurrierender Religiosit{\"a}ten des eigenen Profils zu vergewissern. Eine solche zentrale Weiche ist die Entwicklung im 2. Jahrhundert, weil in dieser Zeit Kanon, {\"A}mter, Theologie ausdifferenziert wurden. Wie das Christentum sich in dieser Zeit zu einem selbstdefinierten und fortsetzungsf{\"a}higen System entwickelte, l{\"a}sst sich mit dem Instrumentarium aus Luhmanns Religionstheorie ueberzeugend darstellen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hafner2008, author = {Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, title = {{\"U}ber Leben : philosophische Untersuchungen zur {\"o}kologischen Ethik und zum Begriff des Lebewesens}, series = {Spektrum Philosophie}, volume = {3}, journal = {Spektrum Philosophie}, publisher = {Ergon}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {394 S.}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{HeywoodJones2021, author = {Heywood Jones, David}, title = {Moses Hirschel and Enlightenment Breslau}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-46234-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-46235-2}, pages = {viii, 264}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Breslau has been almost entirely forgotten in the Anglophone sphere as a place of Enlightenment. Moreover, in the context of the Jewish Enlightenment, Breslau has never been discussed as a place of intercultural exchange between German-speaking Jewish, Protestant and Catholic intellectuals. The story of Moses Hirschel offers us an excellent case-study to investigate the complex reciprocal relationship between Jewish and non-Jewish enlighteners in a prosperous and influential Central European city on the cusp of the 18th century.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Holl2022, author = {Holl, Bernhard}, title = {Die Conversos}, series = {Gesellschaften und Kulturen des sephardischen Judentums = Sephardic Societies and Cultures ; 2}, journal = {Gesellschaften und Kulturen des sephardischen Judentums = Sephardic Societies and Cultures ; 2}, number = {2}, publisher = {Ergon Verlag}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-95650-965-0}, pages = {343}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das 15. Jahrhundert ist das Zeitalter der letzten Massenkonversionen zum Christentum auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Unter starkem Druck und zum Teil mit Gewalt wurde die zuvor große j{\"u}dische Bev{\"o}lkerung gedr{\"a}ngt, sich taufen zu lassen. Gleichwohl akzeptierten große Teile der christlichen Mehrheit die Neubekehrten nicht als gleichwertig und bezweifelten ihre Rechtgl{\"a}ubigkeit. Gegen diese Diskriminierung wandten sich immer wieder Geistliche und Gelehrte mit Predigten, Briefen und Denkschriften. Die vorliegende Studie zeichnet erstmals detailliert die wesentlichen Inhalte ihrer Theologie nach, ihre spezielle Auslegung der Bibel und deren Wurzeln in Recht und Tradition der lateinischen Kirche.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jurewicz2018, author = {Jurewicz, Grażyna}, title = {Moses Mendelssohn {\"u}ber die Bestimmung des Menschen}, publisher = {Wehrhahn}, address = {Hannover}, isbn = {978-3-86525-632-4}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {244}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Lebensgeschichte des j{\"u}dischen Gelehrten und Aufkl{\"a}rers Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786), der allen Hindernissen zum Trotz in den Rang einer allseits anerkannten intellektuellen Autorit{\"a}t aufstieg, wurde innerhalb der Geschichte des deutschen Judentums zum Inbegriff einer individuellen Emanzipation im Medium der Bildung. Mendelssohns Vita fand ein theoretisches Pendant in seiner Philosophie der Bestimmung des Menschen zu einer unaufh{\"o}rlichen Vervollkommnung. Beide Str{\"a}nge dieser f{\"u}r anthropologische Fragestellungen sensiblen, lebenspraktisch relevanten Metaphysik - das Nachdenken {\"u}ber eine allgemeing{\"u}ltige Bestimmung des Menschen auf der einen und die Reflexion {\"u}ber eine spezifisch j{\"u}dische Existenz auf der anderen Seite - erschließen die universelle und partikulare Dimension des menschlichen Lebens und ergeben in ihrer Verbindung ein theoretisches Integral von allgemeiner Menschennatur und kultureller Partikularit{\"a}t. Am Beispiel des Judentums f{\"u}hrt Mendelssohn die Allgemeing{\"u}ltigkeit des partikularen Anspruchs auf die Bewahrung kultureller Andersartigkeit vor. Sein bestimmungsmetaphysisches Denken gipfelt in einem Pl{\"a}doyer f{\"u}r die Toleranz, welches das geistige Erbe des deutsch-j{\"u}dischen Philosophen ausmacht.}, language = {de} }