@article{Zaehle2004,
  author    = {Z{\"a}hle, Henryk},
  title     = {Heat equation with strongly inhomogeneous noise},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The author considers the heat equation in dimension one with singular drift and inhomogeneous space-time white noise. In particular, the quadratic variation measure of the white noise is not required to be absolutely continuous w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure, neither in space nor in time. Under some assumptions the author gives statements on strong and weak existence as well as strong and weak uniqueness of continuous solutions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZollerHolschneiderBenZion2004,
  author    = {Zoller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias and Ben-Zion, Yehuda},
  title     = {Quasi-static and quasi-dynamic modeling of earthquake failure at intermediate scales},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We present a model for earthquake failure at intermediate scales (space: 100 m-100 km, time: 100 m/nu(shear},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZimmermannRegiererKossmannetal.2004,
  author    = {Zimmermann, P. and Regierer, Babette and Kossmann, Jens and Frossard, Emmanuel and Amrhein, Nikolaus and Bucher, Matthias},
  title     = {Differential expression of three purple acid phosphatases from potato},
  issn      = {1435-8603},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Three cDNAs encoding purple acid phosphatase (PAP) were cloned from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) and expression of the corresponding genes was characterised. StPAP1 encodes a low-molecular weight PAP clustering with mammalian, cyanobacterial, and other plant PAPs. It was highly expressed in stem and root and its expression did not change in response to phosphorus (P) deprivation. StIPAP2 and StPAP3 code for high-molecular weight PAPs typical for plants. Corresponding gene expression was shown to be responsive to the level of P supply, with transcripts of StPAP2 and StPAP3 being most abundant in P-deprived roots or both stem and roots, respectively. Root colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had no effect on the expression of any of the three PAP genes. StIPAP1 mRNA is easily detectable along the root axis, including root hairs, but is barely detectable in root tips. In contrast, both StPAP2 and StPAP3 transcripts are abundant along the root axis, but absent in root hairs, and are most abundant in the root tip. All three PAPs described contain a predicted N-terminal secretion signal and could play a role in extracellular P scavenging, P mobilisation from the rhizosphere, or cell wall regeneration},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZiemannSchmidtMirwald2004,
  author    = {Ziemann, Martin Andreas and Schmidt, Christian and Mirwald, Peter W.},
  title     = {Raman spectroscopic study of the liquid-liquid transition in water},
  issn      = {0024-4937},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZieheLaskovNolteetal.2004,
  author    = {Ziehe, Andreas and Laskov, Pavel and Nolte, G and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Robert},
  title     = {A fast algorithm for joint diagonalization with non-orthogonal transformations and its application to blind source separation},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A new efficient algorithm is presented for joint diagonalization of several matrices. The algorithm is based on the Frobenius-norm formulation of the joint diagonalization problem, and addresses diagonalization with a general, non- orthogonal transformation. The iterative scheme of the algorithm is based on a multiplicative update which ensures the invertibility of the diagonalizer. The algorithm's efficiency stems from the special approximation of the cost function resulting in a sparse, block-diagonal Hessian to be used in the computation of the quasi-Newton update step. Extensive numerical simulations illustrate the performance of the algorithm and provide a comparison to other leading diagonalization methods. The results of such comparison demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a viable alternative to existing state-of-the-art joint diagonalization algorithms. The practical use of our algorithm is shown for blind source separation problems},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZieheKawanabeHarmeling2004,
  author    = {Ziehe, Andreas and Kawanabe, Motoaki and Harmeling, Stefan},
  title     = {Blind separation of post-nonlinear mixtures using linearizing transformations and temporal decorrelation},
  issn      = {1532-4435},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We propose two methods that reduce the post-nonlinear blind source separation problem (PNL-BSS) to a linear BSS problem. The first method is based on the concept of maximal correlation: we apply the alternating conditional expectation (ACE) algorithm-a powerful technique from nonparametric statistics-to approximately invert the componentwise nonlinear functions. The second method is a Gaussianizing transformation, which is motivated by the fact that linearly mixed signals before nonlinear transformation are approximately Gaussian distributed. This heuristic, but simple and efficient procedure works as good as the ACE method. Using the framework provided by ACE, convergence can be proven. The optimal transformations obtained by ACE coincide with the sought-after inverse functions of the nonlinearitics. After equalizing the nonlinearities, temporal decorrelation separation (TDSEP) allows us to recover the source signals. Numerical simulations testing "ACE-TD" and "Gauss-TD" on realistic examples are performed with excellent results},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhukGunther2004,
  author    = {Zhuk, Alexandre and Gunther, U.},
  title     = {Massive scalar fields in the early universe},
  issn      = {0218-2718},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We discuss the role of gravitational excitons/radions in different cosmological scenarios. Gravitational excitons are massive moduli fields which describe conformal excitations of the internal spaces and which, due to their Planck-scale suppressed coupling to matter fields, are WIMPs. It is demonstrated that, depending on the concrete scenario, observational cosmological data set strong restrictions on the allowed masses and initial oscillation amplitudes of these particles},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhouKurths2004,
  author    = {Zhou, Changsong and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Resonant patterns in noisy active media},
  issn      = {1063-651X},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We investigate noise-controlled resonant response of active media to weak periodic forcing, both in excitable and oscillatory regimes. In the excitable regime, we find that noise-induced irregular wave structures can be reorganized into frequency-locked resonant patterns by weak signals with suitable frequencies. The resonance occurs due to a matching condition between the signal frequency and the noise-induced inherent time scale of the media. m:1 resonant regions similar to the Arnold tongues in frequency locking of self-sustained oscillatory media are observed. In the self-sustained oscillatory regime, noise also controls the oscillation frequency and reshapes significantly the Arnold tongues. The combination of noise and weak signal thus could provide an efficient tool to manipulate active extended systems in experiments},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZentelBehlNeheretal.2004,
  author    = {Zentel, Rudolf and Behl, Marc and Neher, Dieter and Zen, Achmad and Lucht, Sylvia},
  title     = {Nanostructured polytriarylamines : orientation layers for polyfluorene},
  issn      = {0065-7727},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZenPflaumHirschmannetal.2004,
  author    = {Zen, Achmad and Pflaum, J. and Hirschmann, S. and Zhuang, W. and Jaiser, Frank and Asawapirom, Udom and Rabe, J. P. and Scherf, Ullrich and Neher, Dieter},
  title     = {Effect of molecular weight and annealing of poly (3-hexylthiophene)s on the performance of organic field-effect transistors},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The optical, structural, and electrical properties of thin layers made from poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) samples of different molecular weights are presented. As reported in a previous paper by Kline et al., Adv. Mater 2003, 15, 1519, the mobilities of these layers are a strong function of the molecular weight, with the largest mobility found for the largest molecular weight. Atomic force microscopy studies reveal a complex polycrystalline morphology which changes considerably upon annealing. X-ray studies show the occurrence of a layered phase for all P3HT fractions, especially after annealing at 1.50 degreesC . However, there is no clear correlation between the differences in the transport properties and the data from structural investigations. In order to reveal the processes limiting the mobility in these layers, the transistor properties were investigated as a function of temperature. The mobility decreases continuously with increasing temperatures; with the same trend pronounced thermochromic effects of the P3HT films occur. Apparently, the polymer chains adopt a more twisted, disordered conformation at higher temperatures, leading to interchain transport barriers. We conclude that the backbone conformation of the majority of the bulk material rather than the crystallinity of the layer is the most crucial parameter controlling the charge transport in these P3HT layers. This interpretation is supported by the significant blue-shift of the solid-state absorption spectra with decreasing molecular weight, which is indicative of a larger distortion of the P3HT backbone in the low-molecular weight P3HT layers},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZeheBloeschl2004,
  author    = {Zehe, Erwin and Bl{\"o}schl, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Predictability of hydrologic response at the plot and catchment scales : the role of initial conditions},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {[1] This paper examines the effect of uncertain initial soil moisture on hydrologic response at the plot scale (1 m(2)) and the catchment scale (3.6 km(2)) in the presence of threshold transitions between matrix and preferential flow. We adopt the concepts of microstates and macrostates from statistical mechanics. The microstates are the detailed patterns of initial soil moisture that are inherently unknown, while the macrostates are specified by the statistical distributions of initial soil moisture that can be derived from the measurements typically available in field experiments. We use a physically based model and ensure that it closely represents the processes in the Weiherbach catchment, Germany. We then use the model to generate hydrologic response to hypothetical irrigation events and rainfall events for multiple realizations of initial soil moisture microstates that are all consistent with the same macrostate. As the measures of uncertainty at the plot scale we use the coefficient of variation and the scaled range of simulated vertical bromide transport distances between realizations. At the catchment scale we use similar statistics derived from simulated flood peak discharges. The simulations indicate that at both scales the predictability depends on the average initial soil moisture state and is at a minimum around the soil moisture value where the transition from matrix to macropore flow occurs. The predictability increases with rainfall intensity. The predictability increases with scale with maximum absolute errors of 90 and 32\% at the plot scale and the catchment scale, respectively. It is argued that even if we assume perfect knowledge on the processes, the level of detail with which one can measure the initial conditions along with the nonlinearity of the system will set limits to the repeatability of experiments and limits to the predictability of models at the plot and catchment scales},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZbilutMitchellGiulianietal.2004,
  author    = {Zbilut, J. P. and Mitchell, J. C. and Giuliani, A. and Colosimo, A. and Marwan, Norbert and Webber, C. L.},
  title     = {Singular hydrophobicity patterns and net charge : a mesoscopic principle for protein aggregation/folding},
  issn      = {0378-4371},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A statistical model describing the propensity for protein aggregation is presented. Only amino-acid hydrophobicity values and calculated net charge are used for the model. The combined effects of hydrophobic patterns as computed by the signal analysis technique, recurrence quantification, plus calculated net charge were included in a function emphasizing the effect of singular hydrophobic patches which were found to be statistically significant for predicting aggregation propensity as quantified by fluorescence studies obtained from the literature. These results suggest preliminary evidence for a mesoscopic principle for protein folding/aggregation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZbilutGiulianiColosimoetal.2004,
  author    = {Zbilut, J. P. and Giuliani, A. and Colosimo, A. and Mitchell, J. C. and Colafranceschi, M. and Marwan, Norbert and Webber, C. L. and Uversky, V. N.},
  title     = {Charge and hydrophobicity patterning along the sequence predicts the folding mechanism and aggregation of proteins : a computational approach},
  issn      = {1535-3893},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The presence of partially folded intermediates along the folding funnel of proteins has been suggested to be a signature of potentially aggregating systems. Many studies have concluded that metastable, highly flexible intermediates are the basic elements of the aggregation process. In a previous paper, we demonstrated how the choice between aggregation and folding behavior was influenced by hydrophobicity distribution patterning along the sequence, as quantified by recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) of the Myiazawa-Jernigan coded primary structures. In the present paper, we tried to unify the "partially folded intermediate" and "hydrophobicity/charge" models of protein aggregation verifying the ability of an empirical relation, developed for rationalizing the effect of different mutations on aggregation propensity of acyl-phosphatase and based on the combination of hydrophobicity RQA and charge descriptors, to discriminate in a statistically significant way two different protein populations: (a) proteins that fold by a process passing by partially folded intermediates and (b) proteins that do not present partially folded intermediates},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yue2004,
  author    = {Yue, Xiuli},
  title     = {Monolayer phase behavior of bipolar amphiphiles and their coupling with DNA},
  address   = {Golm},
  pages     = {4, 106, 11 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YoonLangerScheithauer2004,
  author    = {Yoon, S.-C. and Langer, Norbert and Scheithauer, S.},
  title     = {Effects of rotation on the helium burning shell source in accreting white dwarfs},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We investigate the effects of rotation on the behavior of the helium-burning shell source in accreting carbon- oxygen white dwarfs, in the context of the single degenerate Chandrasekhar mass progenitor scenario for type la supernovae (SNe Ia). We model the evolution of helium-accreting white dwarfs of initially 1 M-circle dot, assuming four different constant accretion rates (2, 3, 5 and 10 x 10(-7) M-circle dot/yr). In a one-dimensional approximation, we compute the mass accretion and subsequent nuclear fusion of helium into carbon and oxygen, as well as angular momentum accretion, angular momentum transport inside the white dwarf, and rotationally induced chemical mixing. Our models show two major effects of rotation: a) The helium-burning nuclear shell source in the rotating models is much more stable than in corresponding non-rotating models - which increases the likelihood that accreting white dwarfs reach the stage of central carbon ignition. This effect is mainly due to rotationally induced mixing at the CO/He interface which widens the shell source, and due to the centrifugal force lowering the density and degeneracy at the shell source location. b) The C/O-ratio in the layers which experience helium shell burning - which may affect the energy of an SN Ia explosion - is strongly decreased by the rotationally induced mixing of a-particles into the carbon-rich layers. We discuss implications of our results for the evolution of SNe la progenitors},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YinWitt2004,
  author    = {Yin, H. C. and Witt, Ingo},
  title     = {Global singularity structure of weak solutions to 3-D semilinear dispersive wave equations with discontinuous initial data},
  issn      = {0022-0396},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We study the global singularity structure of solutions to 3-D semilinear wave equations with discontinuous initial data. More precisely, using Strichartz' inequality we show that the solutions stay conormal after nonlinear interaction if the Cauchy data are conormal along a circle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YenesewInduliDereseetal.2004,
  author    = {Yenesew, Abiy and Induli, M. and Derese, Solomon and Midiwo, Jacob O. and Heydenreich, Matthias and Peter, Martin G. and Akala, Hoseah M. and Wangui, Julia and Liyala, Pamela and Waters, Norman C.},
  title     = {Anti-plasmodial flavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica},
  issn      = {0031-9422},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica showed anti-plasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 7.9 +/- 1.1 and 5.3 +/- 0.7 mug/ml, respectively. From this extract, a new chalcone, 2,3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy-5- prenylchalcone (trivial name 5-prenylbutein) and a new flavanone, 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5'- prenylflavanone (trivial name, 5-deoxyabyssinin II) along with known flavonoids have been isolated as the anti- plasmodial principles. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangJaiserNeheretal.2004,
  author    = {Yang, Xiao Hui and Jaiser, Frank and Neher, Dieter and Lawson, PaDreyia V. and Br{\´e}das, Jean-Luc and Zojer, Egbert and G{\"u}ntner, Roland and Scanduicci de Freitas, Patricia and Forster, Michael and Scherf, Ullrich},
  title     = {Suppression of the keto-emission in polyfluorene light-emitting diodes : Experiments and models},
  issn      = {1616-301X},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The spectral characteristics of polyfluorene (PF)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) containing a defined low concentration of either keto-defects or of the polymer poly(9.9-octylfuorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) are preseneted. Both types of blend layers were tested in different device configurations with respect to the relative and absolute intensities of green blue emission components. It is shown that blending hole-transporting molecules into the emission layer at low concentration or incorporation of a suitable hole-transport layer reduces the green emission contribution in the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the PF:F8BT blend, which is similar to what is observed for the keto- containing PF layer. We conclude that the keto-defects in PF homopolymer layers mainly constitute weakly emissive electron traps, in agreement with the results of quantum-mechanical calculations},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangNeherHerteletal.2004,
  author    = {Yang, X. H. and Neher, Dieter and Hertel, D. and Daubler, T. K.},
  title     = {Highly efficient single-layer polymer electrophosphorescent devices},
  issn      = {0935-9648},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A commercially available Ir complex has been employed for the preparation of highly efficient (see Figure) single-layer phosphorescent polymer light,emitting diodes by use of appropriate thermal treatment and proper adjustment of the layer composition. These devices exhibit essentially no dependence of the driving field on the concentration of the Ir complex, suggesting that the build-up of space-charge in the layer is insignificant},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangNeher2004,
  author    = {Yang, X. H. and Neher, Dieter},
  title     = {Polymer electrophosphorescence devices with high power conversion efficiencies},
  issn      = {0003-6951},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We demonstrate efficient single-layer polymer phosphorescent light-emitting devices based on a green-emitting iridium complex and a polymer host co-doped with electron-transporting and hole-transporting molecules. These devices can be operated at relatively low voltages, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of up to 24 lm/W at luminous efficiencies exceeding 30 cd/A. The overall performances of these devices suggest that efficient electrophosphorescent devices with acceptable operating voltages can be achieved in very simple device structures fabricated by spin coating. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics},
  language  = {en}
}