@misc{BornhorstKippHaaseetal.2018,
  author    = {Bornhorst, Julia and Kipp, Anna P. and Haase, Hajo and Meyer, Soeren and Schwerdtle, Tanja},
  title     = {The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements},
  series = {Trends in Analytical Chemistry},
  volume    = {104},
  journal   = {Trends in Analytical Chemistry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0165-9936},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007},
  pages     = {183 -- 190},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Nowadays, the role of trace elements (TE) is of growing interest because dyshomeostasis of selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) is supposed to be a risk factor for several diseases. Thereby, research focuses on identifying new biomarkers for the TE status to allow for a more reliable description of the individual TE and health status. This review mirrors a lack of well-defined, sensitive, and selective biomarkers and summarizes technical limitations to measure them. Thus, the capacity to assess the relationship between dietary TE intake, homeostasis, and health is restricted, which would otherwise provide the basis to define adequate intake levels of single TE in both healthy and diseased humans. Besides that, our knowledge is even more limited with respect to the real life situation of combined TE intake and putative interactions between single TE.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenBornhorstAschner2018,
  author    = {Chen, Pan and Bornhorst, Julia and Aschner, Michael},
  title     = {Manganese metabolism in humans},
  series = {Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Frontiers in Bioscience INC},
  address   = {Irvine},
  issn      = {1093-9946},
  doi       = {10.2741/4665},
  pages     = {1655 -- 1679},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for intracellular activities; it functions as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes, including arginase, glutamine synthetase (GS), pyruvate carboxylase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Through these metalloproteins, Mn plays critically important roles in development, digestion, reproduction, antioxidant defense, energy production, immune response and regulation of neuronal activities. Mn deficiency is rare. In contrast Mn poisoning may be encountered upon overexposure to this metal. Excessive Mn tends to accumulate in the liver, pancreas, bone, kidney and brain, with the latter being the major target of Mn intoxication. Hepatic cirrhosis, polycythemia, hypermanganesemia, dystonia and Parkinsonism-like symptoms have been reported in patients with Mn poisoning. In recent years, Mn has come to the forefront of environmental concerns due to its neurotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms of Mn toxicity include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy dysregulation, apoptosis, and disruption of other metal homeostasis. The mechanisms of Mn homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we will address recent progress in Mn absorption, distribution and elimination across different tissues, as well as the intracellular regulation of Mn homeostasis in cells. We will conclude with recommendations for future research areas on Mn metabolism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GubertPuntelLehmenetal.2018,
  author    = {Gubert, Priscila and Puntel, Bruna and Lehmen, Tassia and Fessel, Joshua P. and Cheng, Pan and Bornhorst, Julia and Trindade, Lucas Siqueira and Avila, Daiana S. and Aschner, Michael and Soares, Felix A. A.},
  title     = {Metabolic effects of manganese in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through DAergic pathway and transcription factors activation},
  series = {Neurotoxicology : the interdisciplinary journal of effects to toxic substances on the nervous system},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Neurotoxicology : the interdisciplinary journal of effects to toxic substances on the nervous system},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0161-813X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.008},
  pages     = {65 -- 72},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for physiological functions since it acts as an enzymatic co-factor. Nevertheless, overexposure to Mn has been associated with a pathologic condition called manganism. Furthermore, Mn has been reported to affect lipid metabolism by mechanisms which have yet to be established. Herein, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to examine Mn's effects on the dopaminergic (DAergic) system and determine which transcription factors that regulate with lipid metabolism are affected by it. Worms were exposed to Mn for four hours in the presence of bacteria and in a liquid medium (85 mM NaCl). Mn increased fat storage as evidenced both by Oil Red O accumulation and triglyceride levels. In addition, metabolic activity was reduced as a reflection of decreased oxygen consumption caused by Mn. Mn also affected feeding behavior as evidenced by decreased pharyngeal pumping rate. DAergic neurons viability were not altered by Mn, however the dopamine levels were significantly reduced following Mn exposure. Furthermore, the expression of sbp-1 transcription factor and let-363 protein kinase responsible for lipid accumulation control was increased and decreased, respectively, by Mn. Altogether, our data suggest that Mn increases the fat storage in C. elegans, secondary to DAergic system alterations, under the control of SBP-1 and LET-363 proteins.},
  language  = {en}
}