@phdthesis{Verch2023,
  author    = {Verch, Ronald},
  title     = {Whole-body electrical muscle stimulation superimposed walking as training tool in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-63424},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634240},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {IX, 78},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in recent years, with a projected prevalence of 700 million patients by 2045, leading to economic burdens on societies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), representing more than 95\% of all diabetes cases, is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance leading to an imbalance between insulin requirements and supply. Overweight and obesity are the main risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The lifestyle modification of following a healthy diet and physical activity are the primary successful treatment and prevention methods for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems may exist with patients not achieving recommended levels of physical activity. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an increasingly popular training method and has become in the focus of research in recent years. It involves the external application of an electric field to muscles, which can lead to muscle contraction. Positive effects of EMS training have been found in healthy individuals as well as in various patient groups. New EMS devices offer a wide range of mobile applications for whole-body electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) training, e.g., the intensification of dynamic low-intensity endurance exercises through WB-EMS. This dissertation project aims to investigate whether WB-EMS is suitable for intensifying low-intensive dynamic exercises such as walking and Nordic walking. Methods: Two independent studies were conducted. The first study aimed to investigate the reliability of exercise parameters during the 10-meter Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (10MISWT) using superimposed WB-EMS (research question 1, sub-question a) and the difference in exercise intensity compared to conventional walking (CON-W, research question 1, sub-question b). The second study aimed to compare differences in exercise parameters between superimposed WB-EMS (WB-EMS-W) and conventional walking (CON-W), as well as between superimposed WB-EMS (WB-EMS-NW) and conventional Nordic walking (CON-NW) on a treadmill (research question 2). Both studies took place in participant groups of healthy, moderately active men aged 35-70 years. During all measurements, the Easy Motion Skin® WB-EMS low frequency stimulation device with adjustable intensities for eight muscle groups was used. The current intensity was individually adjusted for each participant at each trial to ensure safety, avoiding pain and muscle cramps. In study 1, thirteen individuals were included for each sub question. A randomized cross-over design with three measurement appointments used was to avoid confounding factors such as delayed onset muscle soreness. The 10MISWT was performed until the participants no longer met the criteria of the test and recording five outcome measures: peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), relative VO2peak (rel.VO2peak), maximum walk distance (MWD), blood lactate concentration, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Eleven participants were included in study 2. A randomized cross-over design in a study with four measurement appointments was used to avoid confounding factors. A treadmill test protocol at constant velocity (6.5 m/s) was developed to compare exercise intensities. Oxygen uptake (VO2), relative VO2 (rel.VO2) blood lactate, and the RPE were used as outcome variables. Test-retest reliability between measurements was determined using a compilation of absolute and relative measures of reliability. Outcome measures in study 2 were studied using multifactorial analyses of variances. Results: Reliability analysis showed good reliability for VO2peak, rel.VO2peak, MWD and RPE with no statistically significant difference for WB-EMS-W during 10WISWT. However, differences compared to conventional walking in outcome variables were not found. The analysis of the treadmill tests showed significant effects for the factors CON/WB-EMS and W/NW for the outcome variables VO2, rel.VO2 and lactate, with both factors leading to higher results. However, the difference in VO2 and relative VO2 is within the range of biological variability of ± 12\%. The factor combination EMS∗W/NW is statistically non-significant for all three variables. WB-EMS resulted in the higher RPE values, RPE differences for W/NW and EMS∗W/NW were not significant. Discussion: The present project found good reliability for measuring VO2peak, rel. VO2peak, MWD and RPE during 10MISWT during WB-EMS-W, confirming prior research of the test. The test appears technically limited rather than physiologically in healthy, moderately active men. However, it is unsuitable for investigating differences in exercise intensities using WB-EMS-W compared to CON-W due to different perceptions of current intensity between exercise and rest. A treadmill test with constant walking speed was conducted to adjust individual maximum tolerable current intensity for the second part of the project. The treadmill test showed a significant increase in metabolic demands during WB-EMS-W and WB-EMS-NW by an increased VO2 and blood lactate concentration. However, the clinical relevance of these findings remains debatable. The study also found that WB-EMS superimposed exercises are perceived as more strenuous than conventional exercise. While in parts comparable studies lead to higher results for VO2, our results are in line with those of other studies using the same frequency. Due to the minor clinical relevance the use of WB-EMS as exercise intensification tool during walking and Nordic walking is limited. High device cost should be considered. Habituation to WB-EMS could increase current intensity tolerance and VO2 and make it a meaningful method in the treatment of T2DM. Recent figures show that WB-EMS is used in obese people to achieve health and weight goals. The supposed benefit should be further investigated scientifically.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wortmann2023,
  author    = {Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie},
  title     = {Food Neophilie},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-62857},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628572},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {164},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Trotz der eindeutigen Vorteile einer ausgewogenen Ern{\"a}hrung halten sich viele Menschen weltweit nicht an entsprechende Ern{\"a}hrungsrichtlinien. Um angemessene Strategien zur Unterst{\"u}tzung einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung zu entwickeln, ist ein Verst{\"a}ndnis der zugrunde liegenden Faktoren unerl{\"a}sslich. Insbesondere die Gruppe der {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen stellt dabei eine wichtige Zielgruppe f{\"u}r ern{\"a}hrungsbezogene Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsans{\"a}tze dar. Einer der vielen Faktoren, die als Determinanten einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung diskutiert werden, ist die Food Neophilie, also die Bereitschaft, neue und unbekannte Lebensmittel auszuprobieren. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Food Neophilie positiv mit einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung in Verbindung steht, allerdings ist die bisherige Forschung in diesem Bereich {\"a}ußerst begrenzt. Das Ziel der Dissertation war es, das Konstrukt der Food Neophilie sowie seine Beziehung zu gesundheitsf{\"o}rderndem Ern{\"a}hrungsverhalten im h{\"o}heren Erwachsenenalter grundlegend zu erforschen, um das Potenzial der Food Neophilie f{\"u}r die Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung {\"a}lterer Erwachsener besser zu verstehen. Dabei wurde im Rahmen der ersten Publikation zun{\"a}chst untersucht, wie sich das Konstrukt der Food Neophilie reliabel und valide erfassen l{\"a}sst, um weiterf{\"u}hrende Untersuchungen der Food Neophilie zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die psychometrische Validierung der deutschen Version der Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK) basierte auf zwei unabh{\"a}ngigen Stichproben mit insgesamt N = 1000 Teilnehmenden und best{\"a}tigte, dass es sich bei der Skala um ein reliables und valides Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Food Neophilie handelt. Darauf aufbauend wurde im Rahmen der zweiten Publikation die Beziehung der Food Neophilie und der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t {\"u}ber die Zeit hinweg analysiert. Die prospektive Untersuchung von N = 960 Teilnehmenden des h{\"o}heren Erwachsenenalters (M = 63.4 Jahre) anhand einer Cross-Lagged-Panel-Analyse ergab hohe zeitliche Stabilit{\"a}ten der Food Neophilie und der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren. Es zeigte sich zudem ein positiver querschnittlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Food Neophilie und der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t, jedoch wurde die Food Neophilie nicht als signifikante Determinante der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t {\"u}ber die Zeit hinweg identifiziert. In der dritten Publikation wurden schließlich nicht nur die individuellen Auswirkungen der Food Neophilie auf die Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t betrachtet, sondern auch potenzielle dynamische Wechselwirkungen innerhalb von Partnerschaften einbezogen. Hierzu erfolgte mittels eines Actor-Partner-Interdependence-Modells eine Differenzierung potenzieller intra- und interpersoneller Einfl{\"u}sse der Food Neophilie auf die Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t. Im Rahmen der dyadischen Analyse zeigte sich bei N = 390 heterosexuellen Paaren im h{\"o}heren Erwachsenenalter (M = 64.0 Jahre) ein Dominanzmuster: W{\"a}hrend die Food Neophilie der Frauen positiv mit ihrer eigenen Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t und der ihrer Partner zusammenhing, war die Food Neophilie der M{\"a}nner nicht mit der Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t des Paares assoziiert. Insgesamt leistet die vorliegende Dissertation einen wertvollen Beitrag zum umfassenden Verst{\"a}ndnis der Food Neophilie sowie ihrer Rolle im Kontext der Ern{\"a}hrungsgesundheit {\"a}lterer Erwachsener. Trotz fehlender Vorhersagekraft {\"u}ber die Zeit hinweg deutet der positive Zusammenhang zwischen Food Neophilie und Ern{\"a}hrungsqualit{\"a}t darauf hin, dass die Fokussierung auf eine positive und neugierige Einstellung gegen{\"u}ber Lebensmitteln eine innovative Perspektive f{\"u}r Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsans{\"a}tze zur Unterst{\"u}tzung einer gesundheitsf{\"o}rdernden Ern{\"a}hrung {\"a}lterer Erwachsener bieten k{\"o}nnte.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Arntz2023,
  author    = {Arntz, Fabian},
  title     = {Intervention and moderation of physical fitness in children with physical fitness deficits - Results of the SMaRTER study},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-62260},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622607},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {169},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background: Physical fitness is a key aspect of children's ability to perform activities of daily living, engage in leisure activities, and is associated with important health characteristics. As such, it shows multi-directional associations with weight status as well as executive functions, and varies according to a variety of moderating factors, such as the child's gender, age, geographical location, and socioeconomic conditions and context. The assessment and monitoring of children's physical fitness has gained attention in recent decades, as has the question of how to promote physical fitness through the implementation of a variety of programs and interventions. However, these programs and interventions rarely focus on children with deficits in their physical fitness. Due to their deficits, these children are at the highest risk of suffering health impairments compared to their more average fit peers. In efforts to promote physical fitness, schools could offer promising and viable approaches to interventions, as they provide access to large youth populations while providing useful infrastructure. Evidence suggests that school-based physical fitness interventions, particularly those that include supplementary physical education, are useful for promoting and improving physical fitness in children with normal fitness. However, there is little evidence on whether these interventions have similar or even greater effects on children with deficits in their physical fitness. Furthermore, the question arises whether these measures help to sustainably improve the development/trajectories of physical fitness in these children. The present thesis aims to elucidate the following four objectives: (1) to evaluate the effects of a 14 week intervention with 2 x 45 minutes per week additional remedial physical education on physical fitness and executive function in children with deficits in their physical fitness; (2) to assess moderating effects of body height and body mass on physical fitness components in children with physical fitness deficits; (3) to assess moderating effects of age and skeletal growth on physical fitness in children with physical fitness deficits; and (4) to analyse moderating effects of different physical fitness components on executive function in children with physical fitness deficits. Methods: Using physical fitness data from the EMOTIKON study, 76 third graders with physical fitness deficits were identified in 11 schools in Brandenburg state that met the requirements for implementing a remedial physical education intervention (i.e., employing specially trained physical education teachers). The fitness intervention was implemented in a cross-over design and schools were randomly assigned to either an intervention-control or control-intervention group. The remedial physical education intervention consisted of a 14 week, 2 x 45 minutes per week remedial physical education curriculum supplemented by a physical exercise homework program. Assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of each intervention and control period, and further assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of each school year until the end of sixth grade. Physical fitness as the primary outcome was assessed using fitness tests implemented in the EMOTIKON study (i.e., lower body muscular strength (standing long jump), speed (20 m sprint), cardiorespiratory fitness (6 min run), agility (star run), upper body muscular strength (ball push test), and balance (one leg balance)). Executive functions as a secondary outcome were assessed using attention and psychomotor processing speed (digit symbol substitution test), mental flexibility and fine motor skills (trail making test), and inhibitory control (Simon task). Anthropometric measures such as body height, body mass, maturity offset, and body composition parameters, as well as socioeconomic information were recorded as potential moderators. Results: (1) The evaluation of possible effects of the remedial physical education intervention on physical fitness and executive functions of children with deficits in their physical fitness did not reveal any detectable intervention-related improvements in physical fitness or executive functions. The implemented analysis strategies also showed moderating effects of body mass index (BMI) on performance in 6 min run, star run, and standing long jump, with children with a lower BMI performing better, moderating effects of proximity to Berlin on performance in the 6 min run and standing long jump, better performances being found in children living closer to Berlin, and overall gendered differences in executive function test performance, with boys performing better compared to girls. (2) Analysing moderating effects of body height and body mass on physical fitness performance, better overall physical fitness performance was found for taller children. For body mass, a negative effect was found on performance in the 6 min run (linear), standing long jump (linear), and 20 m sprint (quadratic), with better performance associated with lighter children, and a positive effect of body mass on performance in the ball push test, with heavier children performing better. In addition, the analysis revealed significant interactions between body height and body mass on performance in 6 min run and 20 m sprint, with higher body mass being associated with performance improvements in larger children, while higher body mass was associated with performance declines in smaller children. In addition, the analysis revealed overall age-related improvements in physical fitness and was able to show that children with better overall physical fitness also elicit greater age-related improvements. (3) In the analysis of moderating effects of age and maturity offset on physical fitness performances, two unrotated principal components of z-transformed age and maturity offset values were calculated (i.e., relative growth = (age + maturity offset)/2; growth delay = (age - maturity offset)) to avoid colinearity. Analysing these constructs revealed positive effects of relative growth on performances in star run, 20 m sprint, and standing long jump, with children of higher relative growth performing better. For growth delay, positive effects were found on performances in 6 min run and 20 m sprint, with children having larger growth delays showing better performances. Further, the model revealed gendered differences in 6 min run and 20 m sprint performances with girls performing better than boys. (4) Analysing the effects of physical fitness tests on executive function revealed a positive effect of star run and one leg balance performance and a negative effect of 6 min run performance on reaction speed in the Simon task. However, these effects were not detectable when individual differences were accounted for. Then these effects showed overall positive effects, with better performances being associated with faster reaction speeds. In addition, the analysis revealed a positive correlation between overall reaction speed and effects of the 6 min run, suggesting that children with greater effects of 6 min run had faster overall reaction speeds. Negative correlations were found between star run effects and age effects on Simon task reaction speed, meaning that children with larger star run effects had smaller age effects, and between 6 min run effects and star run effects on Simon task reaction speed, meaning that children with larger 6 min run effects tended to have smaller star run effects on Simon task reaction speed and vice versa. Conclusions: (1) The lack of detectable intervention-related effects could have been caused by an insufficient intervention period, by the implementation of comprehensive and thus non- specific exercises, or by both. Accordingly, longer intervention periods and/or more specific exercises may have been more beneficial and could have led to detectable improvements in physical fitness and/or executive function. However, it remains unclear whether these interventions can benefit children with deficits in physical fitness, as it is possible that their deficits are not caused by a mere lack of exercise, but rather depend on the socioeconomic conditions of the children and their families and areas. Therefore, further research is needed to assess the moderation of physical fitness in children with physical fitness deficits and, in particular, the links between children's environment and their physical fitness trajectories. (2) Findings from this work suggest that using BMI as a composite of body height and body mass may not be able to capture the variation associated with these parameters and their interactions. In particular, because of their multidirectional associations, further research would help elucidate how BMI and its subcomponents influence physical fitness and how they vary between children with and without physical fitness deficits. (3) The assessment of growth- related changes indicated negative effects associated with the growth spurt approaching age of peak height velocity, and furthermore showed significant differences in these effects between children. Thus, these effects and possible interindividual differences should be considered in the assessment of the development of physical fitness in children. (4) Furthermore, this work has shown that the associations between physical fitness and executive functions vary between children and may be moderated by children's socioeconomic conditions and the structure of their daily activities. Further research is needed to explore these associations using approaches that account for individual variance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Markov2023,
  author    = {Markov, Adrian},
  title     = {Acute effects of exercise order in concurrent training on immunological stress responses and measures of muscular fitness in youth athletes of both sexes},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61851},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-618517},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {X, 81},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background and aims: To succeed in competition, elite team and individual athletes often seek the development of both, high levels of muscle strength and power as well as cardiorespiratory endurance. In this context, concurrent training (CT) is a commonly applied and effective training approach. While being exposed to high training loads, youth athletes (≤ 18 years) are yet underrepresented in the scientific literature. Besides, immunological responses to CT have received little attention. Therefore, the aims of this work were to examine the acute (< 15min) and delayed (≥ 6 hours) effects of dif-ferent exercise order in CT on immunological stress responses, muscular fitness, metabolic response, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in highly trained youth male and female judo athletes. Methods: A total of twenty male and thirteen female participants, with an average age of 16 ± 1.8 years and 14.4 ± 2.1 years, respectively, were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to two CT sessions; power-endurance versus endurance-power (i.e., study 1), or strength-endurance versus endurance-strength (i.e., study 2). Markers of immune response (i.e., white-blood-cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, mon-ocytes, and lymphocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index), muscular fitness (i.e., counter-movement jump [CMJ]), metabolic responses (i.e., blood lactate, glucose), and RPE were collected at different time points (i.e., PRE12H, PRE, MID, POST, POST6H, POST22H). Results (study 1): There were significant time*order interactions for white-blood-cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. The power-endurance order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in white-blood-cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes while the endur-ance-power order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in the granu-locyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammation-index. Likewise, significantly larger increases from PRE-to-POST6H in white-blood-cells and granulocytes were observed following the power-endurance order compared to endurance-power. All markers of immune response returned toward baseline values at POST22H. Moreover, there was a significant time*order interaction for blood glucose and lactate. Following the endur-ance-power order, blood lactate and glucose increased from PRE-to-MID but not from PRE-to-POST. Meanwhile, in the power-endurance order blood lactate and glucose increased from PRE-to-POST but not from PRE-to-MID. A significant time*order inter-action was observed for CMJ-force with larger PRE-to-POST decreases in the endur-ance-power order compared to power-endurance order. Further, CMJ-power showed larger PRE-to-MID performance decreases following the power-endurance order, com-pared to the endurance-power order. Regarding RPE, significant time*order interactions were noted with larger PRE-to-MID values following the endurance-power order and larger PRE-to-POST values following the power-endurance order. Results (study 2): There were significant time*order interactions for lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. The strength-endurance order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in lymphocytes while the endurance-strength order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in the granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammation-index. All markers of the immune system returned toward baseline values at POST22H. Moreover, there was a significant time*order interaction for blood glucose and lactate. From PRE-to-MID, there was a significantly greater increase in blood lactate and glu-cose following the endurance-strength order compared to strength-endurance order. Meanwhile, from PRE-to-POST there was a significantly higher increase in blood glu-cose following the strength-endurance order compared to endurance-strength order. Regarding physical fitness, a significant time*order interaction was observed for CMJ-force and CMJ-power with larger PRE-to-MID increases following the endurance-strength order compared to the strength-endurance order. For RPE, significant time*order interactions were noted with larger PRE-to-MID values following the endur-ance-power order and larger PRE-to-POST values following the power-endurance or-der. Conclusions: The primary findings from both studies revealed order-dependent effects on immune responses. In male youth judo athletes, the results demonstrated greater immunological stress responses, both immediately (≤ 15 min) and delayed (≥ 6 hours), following the power-endurance order compared to the endurance-power order. For female youth judo athletes, the results indicated higher acute, but not delayed, order-dependent changes in immune responses following the strength-endurance order compared to the endurance-strength order. It is worth noting that in both studies, all markers of immune system response returned to baseline levels within 22 hours. This suggests that successful recovery from the exercise-induced immune stress response was achieved within 22 hours. Regarding metabolic responses, physical fitness, and perceived exertion, the findings from both studies indicated acute (≤ 15 minutes) alterations that were dependent on the exercise order. These alterations were primarily influ-enced by the endurance exercise component. Moreover, study 1 provided substantial evidence suggesting that internal load measures, such as immune markers, may differ from external load measures. This indicates a disparity between immunological, perceived, and physical responses following both concurrent training orders. Therefore, it is crucial for practitioners to acknowledge these differences and take them into consideration when designing training programs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Timme2023,
  author    = {Timme, Sinika},
  title     = {Affective responses during exercise and situated exercise-related decision-making},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61432},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-614323},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {V, 123},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The field of exercise psychology has established robust evidence on the health benefits of physical activity. However, interventions to promote sustained exercise behavior have often proven ineffective. This dissertation addresses challenges in the field, particularly the neglect of situated and affective processes in understanding and changing exercise behavior. Dual process models, considering both rational and affective processes, have gained recognition. The Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) is a notable model in this context, positing that situated processes in-the-moment of choice influence exercise decisions and subsequent exercise behavior. The dissertation identifies current challenges within exercise psychology and proposes methodological and theoretical advancements. It emphasizes the importance of momentary affective states and situated processes, offering alternatives to self-reported measures and advocating for a more comprehensive modeling of individual variability. The focus is on the affective processes during exercise, theorized to reappear in momentary decision-making, shaping overall exercise behavior. The first publication introduces a new method by using automated facial action analysis to measure variable affective responses during exercise. It explores how these behavioral indicators covary with self-reported measures of affective valence and perceived exertion. The second publication delves into situated processes at the moment of choice between exercise and non-exercise options, revealing that intraindividual factors play a crucial role in explaining exercise-related choices. The third publication presents an open-source research tool, the Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), designed to capture repeated situated decisions and predict exercise behavior based on past experiences. The findings challenge previous assumptions and provide insights into the complex interplay of affective responses, situated processes, and exercise choices. The dissertation underscores the need for individualized interventions that manipulate affective responses during exercise and calls for systematic testing to establish causal links to automatic affective processes and subsequent exercise behavior. This dissertation highlights the necessity for methodological and conceptual refinements in understanding and promoting exercise behavior, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of combating increasing inactivity trends.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Pietrek2023,
  author    = {Pietrek, Anou F.},
  title     = {Basic psychological needs and depression in the context of health and exercise},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Depressive Erkrankungen gehen mit verminderter Lebenszufriedenheit und reduzierter Arbeitsf{\"a}higkeit einher. Die Wartezeit f{\"u}r eine Psychotherapie betr{\"a}gt in Deutschland derzeit zwischen drei und sechs Monaten. Demnach besteht Bedarf an alternativen, gleichwertigen evidenzbasierten Behandlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten, die den Betroffenen niedrigschwellig zug{\"a}nglich gemacht werden. Eine Vielzahl an empirischen Studien belegt die Wirksamkeit von Sport bei leichten und mittelschweren Depressionen. Zur weiterf{\"u}hrenden Konzeption und Qualit{\"a}tssicherung von Sport als Behandlungsoption ist es notwendig die konkreten Wirkmechanismen zu verstehen. Neben physiologischen spielen auch psychologische Faktoren eine Rolle im Wirkungsgeschehen. Als Metatheorie menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens bietet die Selbstbestimmungstheorie (engl.: Self-Determination Theory; SDT) einen n{\"u}tzlichen Bezugsrahmen zum Verst{\"a}ndnis psychologischer Wirkmechanismen mit konkreten Ableitungen f{\"u}r die Behandlungspraktik. Die konzeptionelle Erweiterung der SDT um die Frustration psychologischer Grundbed{\"u}rfnisse erweist sich neben der Bed{\"u}rfnisbefriedigung zunehmend als hilfreich bei der Untersuchung von psychischen Erkrankungen. Der erste Teil dieser Dissertation besteht aus zwei Publikationen, die relevante Messinstrumente in dem genannten Kontext validieren. Der erste Fragebogen misst das Ausmaß an allgemein erlebter Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbed{\"u}rfnisse nach Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit. Der zweite Fragebogen erhebt die erlebte Bed{\"u}rfnisbefriedigung durch die anleitende Person (hier: Sporttherapeut*in). Der zweite Teil der Dissertation umfasst zwei Publikationen, welche die Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbed{\"u}rfnisse bei depressiven Symptomen untersuchen und einordnen. Es werden die Unterschiede im Ausmaß an Bed{\"u}rfnisbefriedigung und Bed{\"u}rfnisfrustration zwischen einer Stichprobe mit Depression mit einer Stichprobe ohne depressive Symptome untersucht. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Bed{\"u}rfnisfrustration und depressiven Symptomen wird im Kontext etablierter pathologischer Prozesse (Emotionsdysregulation, Rumination) eingeordnet. Die Hauptergebnisse dieser Arbeiten zeigen, dass die SDT durch die Erweiterung der Basic Psychological Needs Theory um die Dimension der Bed{\"u}rfnisfrustration ein nun breiteres Spektrum auf dem Gesundheit-Krankheit-Kontinuum abbildet. Dabei fokussiert die SDT auf die psychologische Wirkung von sozialen Umwelten. Neben der Nichterf{\"u}llung der psychologischen Grundbed{\"u}rfnisse ist es vor allem die Bed{\"u}rfnisfrustration, die einen allgemeinen Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsfaktor f{\"u}r das Vorkommen psychologischer Erkrankungen darstellt. Zudem weist die unausgewogene Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbed{\"u}rfnisse m{\"o}glicherweise auf ein konflikthaftes Erleben zwischen den Bed{\"u}rfnissen hin. F{\"u}r die Behandlungspraktik abzuleiten ist, dass eine autonomieunterst{\"u}tzende Atmosph{\"a}re, die die ausgewogene Befriedigung aller drei Bed{\"u}rfnisse erm{\"o}glicht, zentral f{\"u}r den Behandlungserfolg ist.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Rigamonti2023,
  author    = {Rigamonti, Lia},
  title     = {Use of digital media for remote instruction in exercise sciences education and research},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58364},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-583642},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {129},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {To grant high-quality evidence-based research in the field of exercise sciences, it is often necessary for various institutions to collaborate over longer distances and internationally. Here, not only with regard to the recent COVID-19-pandemic, digital means provide new options for remote scientific exchanges. This thesis is meant to analyse and test digital opportunities to support the dissemination of knowledge and instruction of investigators about defined examination protocols in an international multi-center context. The project consisted of three studies. The first study, a questionnaire-based survey, aimed at learning about the opinions and preferences of digital learning or social media among students of sport science faculties in two universities each in Germany, the UK and Italy. Based on these findings, in a second study, an examination video of an ultrasound determination of the intima-media-thickness and diameter of an artery was distributed by a messenger app to doctors and nursing personnel as simulated investigators and efficacy of the test setting was analysed. Finally, a third study integrated the use of an augmented reality device for direct remote supervision of the same ultrasound examinations in a long-distance international setting with international experts from the fields of engineering and sports science and later remote supervision of augmented reality equipped physicians performing a given task. The first study with 229 participating students revealed a high preference for YouTube to receive video-based knowledge as well as a preference for using WhatsApp and Facebook for peer-to-peer contacts for learning purposes and to exchange and discuss knowledge. In the second study, video-based instructions send by WhatsApp messenger showed high approval of the setup in both study groups, one with doctors familiar with the use of ultrasound technology as well as one with nursing staff who were not familiar with the device, with similar results in overall time of performance and the measurements of the femoral arteries. In the third and final study, experts from different continents were connected remotely to the examination site via an augmented reality device with good transmission quality. The remote supervision to doctors' examination produced a good interrater correlation. Experiences with the augmented reality-based setting were rated as highly positive by the participants. Potential benefits of this technique were seen in the fields of education, movement analysis, and supervision. Concluding, the findings of this thesis were able to suggest modern and addressee- centred digital solutions to enhance the understanding of given examinations techniques of potential investigators in exercise science research projects. Head-mounted augmented reality devices have a special value and may be recommended for collaborative research projects with physical examination-based research questions. While the established setting should be further investigated in prospective clinical studies, digital competencies of future researchers should already be enhanced during the early stages of their education.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fuehner2023,
  author    = {F{\"u}hner, Thea Heidi},
  title     = {Secular trends, age, sex, and timing of school enrollment effects on physical fitness in children and adolescents},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58864},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588643},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiii, 159},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The relevance of physical fitness for children's and adolescents' health is indisputable and it is crucial to regularly assess and evaluate children's and adolescents' individual physical fitness development to detect potential negative health consequences in time. Physical fitness tests are easy-to-administer, reliable, and valid which is why they should be widely used to provide information on performance development and health status of children and adolescents. When talking about development of physical fitness, two perspectives can be distinguished. One perspective is how the physical fitness status of children and adolescents changed / developed over the past decades (i.e., secular trends). The other perspective covers the analyses how physical fitness develops with increasing age due to growth and maturation processes. Although, the development of children's and adolescents' physical fitness has been extensively described and analyzed in the literature, still some questions remain to be uncovered that will be addressed in the present doctoral thesis. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined secular trends in children's and adolescents' physical fitness. However, considering that those analyses are by now 15 years old and that updates are available only to limited components of physical fitness, it is time to re-analyze the literature and examine secular trends for selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, and speed). Fur-thermore, the available studies on children's development of physical fitness as well as the ef-fects of moderating variables such as age and sex have been investigated within a long-term ontogenetic perspective. However, the effects of age and sex in the transition from pre-puberty to puberty in the ninth year of life using a short-term ontogenetic perspective and the effect of timing of school enrollment on children's development of physical fitness have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis seeks to complement the knowledge of children's and adolescents' physical fitness development by updating secular trend analysis in selected components of physical fitness, by examining short-term ontogenetic cross-sectional developmental differences in children`s physical fitness, and by comparing physical fitness of older- and younger-than-keyage children versus keyage-children. These findings provide valuable information about children's and adolescents' physical fitness development to help prevent potential deficits in physical fitness as early as possible and consequently ensure a holistic development and a lifelong healthy life. Initially, a systematic review to provide an 'update' on secular trends in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines. To examine short-term ontogenetic cross-sectional developmental differences and to compare physical fitness of older- and younger-than-keyage children versus keyage-children physical fitness data of 108,295 keyage-children (i.e., aged 8.00 to 8.99 years), 2,586 younger-than-keyage children (i.e., aged 7.00 to 7.99 years), and 26,540 older-than-keyage children (i.e., aged 9.00 to 9.99 years) from the third grade were analyzed. Physical fitness was assessed through the EMOTIKON test battery measuring cardiorespiratory endurance (i.e., 6-min-run test), coordina-tion (i.e., star-run test), speed (i.e., 20-m linear sprint test), and proxies of lower (i.e., standing long jump test) and upper limbs (i.e., ball-push test) muscle power. Statistical inference was based on Linear Mixed Models. Findings from the systematic review revealed a large initial improvement and an equally large subsequent decline between 1986 and 2010 as well as a stabilization between 2010 and 2015 in cardiorespiratory endurance, a general trend towards a small improvement in relative muscle strength from 1972 to 2015, an overall small negative quadratic trend for proxies of muscle power from 1972 to 2015, and a small-to-medium improvement in speed from 2002 to 2015. Findings from the cross-sectional studies showed that even in a single prepubertal year of life (i.e., ninth year) physical fitness performance develops linearly with increasing chronological age, boys showed better performances than girls in all physical fitness components, and the components varied in the size of sex and age effects. Furthermore, findings revealed that older-than-keyage children showed poorer performance in physical fitness compared to keyage-children, older-than-keyage girls showed better performances than older-than-keyage boys, and younger-than-keyage children outperformed keyage-children. Due to the varying secular trends in physical fitness, it is recommended to promote initiatives for physical activity and physical fitness for children and adolescents to prevent adverse effects on health and well-being. More precisely, public health initiatives should specifically consider exercising cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength because both components showed strong positive associations with markers of health. Furthermore, the findings implied that physical education teachers, coaches, or researchers can utilize a proportional adjustment to individually interpret physical fitness of prepubertal school-aged children. Special attention should be given to the promotion of physical fitness of older-than-keyage children because they showed poorer performance in physical fitness than keyage-children. Therefore, it is necessary to specifically consider this group and provide additional health and fitness programs to reduce their deficits in physical fitness experienced during prior years to guarantee a holistic development.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Thiele2023,
  author    = {Thiele, Dirk},
  title     = {Krafttraining im Nachwuchsleistungsrudern},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58420},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiii, 146},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Krafttraining ist ein etabliertes Mittel f{\"u}r die Entwicklung k{\"o}rperlicher Fitness und sport-artspezifischer Leistungen in verschiedenen Sportarten. Dabei scheint dem Krafttraining auch im Hinblick auf den langfristigen Leistungsaufbau im Nachwuchsleistungssport Rudern eine besondere Rolle zuzukommen. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Optimie-rung der Leistungsdiagnostik sowie der Bewertung der Effektivit{\"a}t von Krafttrainingsmethoden zur Verbesserung der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness und der sportartspezifischen Leistung im Nachwuchsleistungsrudern. Die erste Studie im Rahmen dieser kumulativen Arbeit beinhaltet die Analyse eines sport-artspezifischen Anforderungsprofils der Sportart Rudern. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass die Energiebereitstellung im Ruderwettkampf zu einem großen Anteil aus aeroben und zu einem geringen Anteil aus anaeroben Stoffwechselprozessen erfolgt. W{\"a}hrend der vier Phasen des rudertechnischen Leitbildes werden nahezu alle großen Muskelgruppen beansprucht. Aufgrund der hohen Trainingsumf{\"a}nge auf internationalem Leistungsniveau besteht bei Ruderern ein erh{\"o}htes Risiko, Verletzungen im lumbalen R{\"u}ckensegment, den Knien sowie den Rippen zu erleiden. Im Rahmen der zweiten Studie wurden die Effekte von Krafttraining auf die k{\"o}rperliche Fitness und die sportartspezifische Leistung von Ruderern unterschiedlichen Expertisen-niveaus untersucht. Die Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass signifikante kleine Effekte des Krafttrainings auf die k{\"o}rperliche Fitness (Maximalkraft der unteren Gliedmaßen) und auf die sportartspezifische Leistung existieren. Subgruppenanalysen f{\"u}r Krafttrainingstyp und Expertisenniveau zeigten nicht signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den jeweiligen Subgruppen der Ruderer. Die dritte Studie analysierte die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der biologischen Reife, der K{\"o}rperkonstitution und der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness mit der Leistung auf dem Ruderergometer {\"u}ber 700-m bei weiblichen Nachwuchseliteruderern. Die Analyse zeigte signifikante mittle-re bis hohe Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der biologischen Reife, Kennwerten der K{\"o}rperkonstitution, der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness (z. B. Maximalkraft, Kraftausdauer) und der Leistung auf dem Ruderergometer. Zus{\"a}tzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Pr{\"a}diktoren K{\"o}rperkonstitution (Magermasse) und Kraftausdauer (Bourban-Test) die Leistung des 700-m Ruderergometertest am besten abbilden. Die vierte Studie untersuchte die Effekte von zwei unterschiedlichen Krafttrainingsmetho-den, die jeweils {\"u}ber neun Wochen durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden, auf die k{\"o}rperliche Fitness und die Leistung auf dem Ruderergometer bei weiblichen Elite-Nachwuchsruderern. Die Stu-dienergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Gruppen signifikante Steigerungen auf ausgew{\"a}hlte Komponenten der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness (z. B. Maximalkraft, Schnellkraft, anaerobe Aus-dauer und Richtungswechselgeschwindigkeit) und die sportartspezifische Leistung erzielten. Signifikant gr{\"o}ßere Zuw{\"a}chse resultierten nach Krafttraining mit h{\"o}heren Intensit{\"a}ten [HI] bei gleichem Volumen im Vergleich zu Kraftausdauertraining [KA] in ausgew{\"a}hlten Komponenten der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness (z. B. Maximalkraft). Im Gegensatz dazu, f{\"u}hrte KA bei gleichem Volumen im Vergleich zu HI zu gr{\"o}ßeren Steigerungen der sportartspezifischen Leistung. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Krafttraining ein effektives Mittel zur Steigerung ausgew{\"a}hlter Komponenten der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness und der sportartspezifischen Leistung in der Sportart Rudern f{\"u}r RuderInnen und im Speziellen f{\"u}r den Nachwuchssport ist. Insbesondere im Nachwuchsleistungsrudern zeigte sich, dass HI zus{\"a}tzlich zum regul{\"a}ren Rudertraining effektiver zur Verbesserung der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness (z. B. Maximalkraft) ist als KA. Zur Verbesserung der sportartspezifischen Leistung jedoch, stellte KA im Vergleich zu HI bei weiblichen Elite-Nachwuchsruderern die effektivere Krafttrainings-methode dar. Weiterhin wird Trainern im Nachwuchsrudersport empfohlen, ausgew{\"a}hlte Merkmale der biologischen Reife, K{\"o}rperkonstitution sowie der k{\"o}rperlichen Fitness (Maximalkraft, Kraftausdauer) f{\"u}r die Talententwicklung zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Dech2022,
  author    = {Dech, Silas},
  title     = {Isometric muscle function},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57126},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571265},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {127},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The cumulative dissertation consists of four original articles. These considered isometric muscle ac-tions in healthy humans from a basic physiological view (oxygen and blood supply) as well as possibilities of their distinction. It includes a novel approach to measure a specific form of isometric hold-ing function which has not been considered in motor science so far. This function is characterized by an adaptation to varying external forces with particular importance in daily activities and sports. The first part of the research program analyzed how the biceps brachii muscle is supplied with oxygen and blood by adapting to a moderate constant load until task failure (publication 1). In this regard, regulative mechanisms were investigated in relation to the issue of presumably compressed capillaries due to high intramuscular pressures (publication 2). Furthermore, it was examined if oxygenation and time to task failure (TTF) differs compared to an-other isometric muscle function (publication 3). This function is mainly of diagnostic interest by measuring the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) as a gold standard. For that, a person pulls on or pushes against an insurmountable resistance. However, the underlying pulling or pushing form of isometric muscle action (PIMA) differs compared to the holding one (HIMA). HIMAs have mainly been examined by using constant loads. In order to quantify the adaptability to varying external forces, a new approach was necessary and considered in the second part of the research program. A device was constructed based on a previously developed pneumatic measurement system. The device should have been able to measure the Adaptive Force (AF) of elbow ex-tensor muscles. The AF determines the adaptability to increasing external forces under isometric (AFiso) and eccentric (AFecc) conditions. At first, it was questioned if these parameters can be relia-bly assessed by use of the new device (publication 4). Subsequently, the main research question was investigated: Is the maximal AFiso a specific and independent variable of muscle function in comparison to the MVIC? Furthermore, both research parts contained a sub-question of how results can be influenced. Parameters of local oxygen saturation (SvO2) and capillary blood filling (rHb) were non-invasively recorded by a spectrophotometer during maximal and submaximal HIMAs and PIMAs. These were the main findings: Under load, SvO2 and rHb always adjusted into a steady state after an initial decrease. Nevertheless, their behavior could roughly be categorized into two types. In type I, both parameters behaved nearly parallel to each other. In contrast, their progression over time was partly inverse in type II. The inverse behavior probably depends on the level of deoxygenation since rHb increased reliably at a suggested threshold of about 59\% SvO2. This triggered mechanism and the found homeostatic steady states seem to be in conflict with the concept of mechanically compressed capillaries and consequently with a restricted blood flow. Anatomical configuration of blood vessels might provide one hypothetical explanation of how blood flow might be maintained. HIMA and PIMA did not differ regarding oxygenation and allocation to the described types. The TTF tended to be longer during PIMA. As a sub-question, oxygenation and TTF were compared between (HIMA) and intermittent voluntary muscle twitches during a weight holding task. TTF but not oxygenation differed significantly (Twitch > HIMA). A changed neuromuscular control might serve as a speculative explanation of how the results can be explained. This is supported by the finding that the TTF did not correlate significantly with the extent of deoxygenation irrespective of the performed task (HIMA, PIMA or Twitch). Other neuromuscular aspects of muscle function were considered in second part of the re-search program. The new device mentioned above detected different force capacities within four trials at two days each. Among AF measurements, the functional counterpart of a concentric muscle action merging into an isometric one was analyzed in comparison to the MVIC. Based on the results, it can be assumed that a prior concentric muscle action does not influence the MVIC. However, the results were inconsistent and possibly influenced by systematic errors. In con-trast, maximal variables of the AF (AFisomax and AFeccmax) could be measured in a reliable way which is indicated by a high test-retest reliability. Despite substantial correlations between force variables, the AFisomax differed significantly from MVIC and AFmax, which was identical with AFeccmax in almost all cases. Moreover, AFisomax revealed the highest variability between trials. These results indicate that maximal force capacities should be assessed separately. The adaptive holding capacity of a muscle can be lower compared to a commonly determined MVIC. This is of relevance since muscles frequently need to respond adequately to external forces. If their response does not correspond to the external impact, the muscle is forced to lengthen. In this scenario, joints are not completely stabilized and an injury may occur. This outlined issue should be addressed in future research in the field of sport and health sciences. At last, the dissertation presents another possibility to quantify the AFisomax by use of a handheld device applied in combination with a manual muscle test. This assessment delivers a more practical way for clinical purposes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{PerezChaparro2022,
  author    = {P{\´e}rez Chaparro, Camilo Germ{\´a}n Alberto},
  title     = {Non-HIV comorbidities and exercise in German people living with HIV},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56084},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560842},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {149},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The post-antiretroviral therapy era has transformed HIV into a chronic disease and non-HIV comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and mental diseases) are more prevalent in PLWH. The source of these non-HIV comorbidities aside from traditional risk factor include HIV infection, inflammation, distorted immune activation, burden of chronic diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle like sedentarism. Exercise is known for its beneficial effects in mental and physical health; reasons why exercise is recommended to prevent and treat difference cardiovascular and mental diseases in the general population. This cumulative thesis aimed to comprehend the relation exercise has to non-HIV comorbidities in German PLWH. Four studies were conducted to 1) understand exercise effects in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength on PLWH through a systematic review and meta-analyses and 2) determine the likelihood of German PLWH developing non-HIV comorbidities, in a cross-sectional study. Meta-analytic examination indicates PLWH cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 ml·kg·min-1, 95\% CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50\%) and strength (of remark lowerbody strength by 16.8 kg, 95\% CI: 13-20.6, p< 0.001) improves after an exercise intervention in comparison to a control group. Cross-sectional data suggest exercise has a positive effect on German PLWH mental health (less anxiety and depressive symptoms) and protects against the development of anxiety (PR: 0.57, 95\%IC: 0.36 - 0.91, p = 0.01) and depression (PR: 0.62, 95\%IC: 0.41 - 0.94, p = 0.01). Likewise, exercise duration is related to a lower likelihood of reporting heart arrhythmias (PR: 0.20, 95\%IC: 0.10 - 0.60, p < 0.01) and exercise frequency to a lower likelihood of reporting diabetes mellitus (PR: 0.40, 95\%IC: 0.10 - 1, p < 0.01) in German PLWH. A preliminary recommendation for German PLWH who want to engage in exercise can be to exercise ≥ 1 time per week, at an intensity of 5 METs per session or > 103 MET·min·day-1, with a duration ≥ 150 minutes per week. Nevertheless, further research is needed to comprehend exercise dose response and protective effect for cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, and depression in German PLWH.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lin2021,
  author    = {Lin, Chiao-I},
  title     = {The survey of the prevalence of chronic ankle instability in elite Taiwanese basketball athletes},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53553},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-535534},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xi, 128},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: Ankle sprains are common in basketball. It could develop into Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) causing decreased quality of life, functional performance, early osteoarthritis, and increased risk of other injuries. To develop a strategy of CAI prevention, localized epidemiology data and a valid/reliable tool are essential. However, the epidemiological data of CAI is not conclusive from previous studies and the prevalence of CAI in Taiwanese basketball athletes are not clear. In addition, a valid and reliable tool among the Taiwan-Chinese version to evaluate ankle instability is missing. PURPOSE: The aims were to have an overview of the prevalence of CAI in sports population using a systematic review, to develop a valid and reliable cross-cultural adapted Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool Questionnaire (CAIT) in Taiwan-Chinese (CAIT-TW), and to survey the prevalence of CAI in elite basketball athletes in Taiwan using CAIT-TW. METHODS: Firstly, a systematic search was conducted. Research articles applying CAI related questionnaires in order to survey the prevalence of CAI were included in the review. Second, the English version of CAIT was translated and cross-culturally adapted into the CAIT-TW. The construct validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and cutoff score of CAIT-TW were evaluated in an athletic population (N=135). Finally, the cross-sectional data of CAI prevalence in 388 elite Taiwanese basketball athletes were presented. Demographics, presence of CAI, and difference of prevalence between gender, different competitive levels and play positions were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of CAI was 25\%, ranging between 7\% and 53\%. The prevalence of CAI among participants with a history of ankle sprains was 46\%, ranging between 9\% and 76\%. In addition, the cross-cultural adapted CAIT-TW showed a moderate to strong construct validity, an excellent test-retest reliability, a good internal consistency, and a cutoff score of 21.5 for the Taiwanese athletic population. Finally, 26\% of Taiwanese basketball athletes had unilateral CAI while 50\% of them had bilateral CAI. In addition, women athletes in the investigated cohort had a higher prevalence of CAI than men. There was no difference in prevalence between competitive levels and among play positions. CONCLUSION: The systematic review shows that the prevalence of CAI has a wide range among included studies. This could be due to the different exclusion criteria, age, sports discipline, or other factors among the included studies. For future studies, standardized criteria to investigate the epidemiology of CAI are required. The CAI epidemiological study should be prospective. Factors affecting the prevalence of CAI ability should be investigated and described. The translated CAIT-TW is a valid and reliable tool to differentiate between stable and unstable ankles in athletes and may further apply for research or daily practice in Taiwan. In the Taiwanese basketball population, CAI is highly prevalent. This might relate to the research method, preexisting ankle instability, and training-related issues. Women showed a higher prevalence of CAI than men. When applying the preventive measure, gender should be taken into consideration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gebel2021,
  author    = {Gebel, Arnd},
  title     = {Postural control in youth: From performance to neural correlates},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53303},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-533034},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {x, 121},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background and objectives: The intricate interdependencies between the musculoskeletal and neural systems build the foundation for postural control in humans, which is a prerequisite for successful performance of daily and sports-specific activities. Balance training (BT) is a well-established training method to improve postural control and its components (i.e., static/dynamic steady-state, reactive, proactive balance). The effects of BT have been studied in adult and youth populations, but were systematically and comprehensively assessed only in young and old adults. Additionally, when taking a closer look at established recommendations for BT modalities (e.g., training period, frequency, volume), standardized means to assess and control the progressive increase in exercise intensity are missing. Considering that postural control is primarily neuronally driven, intensity is not easy to quantify. In this context, a measure of balance task difficulty (BTD) appears to be an auspicious alternative as a training modality to monitor BT and control training progression. However, it remains unclear how a systematic increase in BTD affects balance performance and neurophysiological outcomes. Therefore, the primary objectives of the present thesis were to systematically and comprehensively assess the effects of BT on balance performance in healthy youth and establish dose-response relationships for an adolescent population. Additionally, this thesis aimed to investigate the effects of a graded increase in BTD on balance performance (i.e., postural sway) and neurophysiological outcomes (i.e, leg muscle activity, leg muscle coactivation, cortical activity) in adolescents. Methods: Initially, a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of BT on balance performance in youth was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines. Following this complementary analysis, thirteen healthy adolescents (3 female/ 10 male) aged 16-17 years were enrolled for two cross-sectional studies. The participants executed bipedal balance tasks on a multidirectional balance board that allowed six gradually increasing levels of BTD by narrowing the balance boards' base of support. During task performance, two pressure sensitive mats fixed on the balance board recorded postural sway. Leg muscle activity and leg muscle coactivation were assessed via electromyography while electroencephalography was used to monitor cortical activity. Results: Findings from the systematic review and meta-analysis indicated moderate-to-large effects of BT on static and dynamic balance performance in youth (static: weighted mean standardized mean differences [SMDwm] = 0.71; dynamic: SMDwm = 1.03). In adolescents, training-induced effects were moderate and large for static (SMDwm = 0.61) and dynamic (SMDwm = 0.86) balance performance, respectively. Independently (i.e. modality-specific) calculated dose-response relationships identified a training period of 12 weeks, a frequency of two training sessions per week, a total of 24-36 sessions, a duration of 4-15 minutes, and a total duration of 31-60 minutes as the training modalities with the largest effect on overall balance performance in adolescents. However, the implemented meta-regression indicated that none of these training modalities (R² = 0\%) could predict the observed performance-increasing effects of BT. Results from the first cross-sectional study revealed that a gradually increasing level of BTD caused increases in postural sway (p < 0.001; d = 6.36), higher leg muscle activity (p < 0.001; 2.19 < d < 4.88), and higher leg muscle coactivation (p < 0.001; 1.32 < d < 1.41). Increases in postural sway and leg muscle activity were mainly observed during low and high levels of task difficulty during continuous performance of the respective balance task. Results from the second cross-sectional study indicated frequency-specific increases/decreases in cortical activity of different brain areas (p < 0.005; 0.92 < d < 1.80) as a function of BTD. Higher cortical activity within the theta frequency band in the frontal and central right brain areas was observed with increasing postural demands. Concomitantly, activity in the alpha-2 frequency band was attenuated in parietal brain areas. Conclusion: BT is an effective method to increase static and dynamic balance performance and, thus, improve postural control in healthy youth populations. However, none of the reported training modalities (i.e., training period, frequency, volume) could explain the effects on balance performance. Furthermore, a gradually increasing level of task difficulty resulted in increases in postural sway, leg muscle activity, and coactivation. Frequency and brain area-specific increases/decreases in cortical activity emphasize the involvement of frontoparietal brain areas in regulatory processes of postural control dependent on BTD. Overall, it appears that increasing BTD can be easily accomplished by narrowing the base of support. Since valid methods to assess and quantify BT intensity do not exist, increasing BTD appears to be a very useful candidate to implement and monitor progression in BT programs in healthy adolescents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lange2022,
  author    = {Lange, Daniel},
  title     = {Turnschuhdiplomatie},
  series = {Wissenschaftliche Fachbuchreihe des ILT ; 7},
  journal   = {Wissenschaftliche Fachbuchreihe des ILT ; 7},
  publisher = {DHGS Deutsche Hochschule f{\"u}r Gesundheit und Sport GmbH},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-9816783-5-2},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {602},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Auch wenn der Sport der DDR mit seinen Rekorden und Medaillen als eines ihrer weltweiten Aush{\"a}ngeschilder galt, fehlte bisher eine detaillierte Unter- suchung ihrer internationalen Sportbeziehungen. Der vorliegende Band holt dies in Form einer erstmaligen außen- und sportpolitischen Kontinentalstudie am Beispiel Afrikas nach und er{\"o}rtert, welche Rolle die vielf{\"a}ltigen Facetten des Sports in der Afrikapolitik der DDR spielten und mit welchen Interessen diese u.a. in den Bereichen der Diplomatie, der kulturellen Auslandsarbeit, des Leistungssports oder des Außenhandels verkn{\"u}pft waren. Die 610 Seiten starke Schrift beleuchtet die Zeit von 1955 bis 1990 und st{\"u}tzt sich dabei u.a. auf {\"u}ber 2200 (teils erstmals recherchierte) Quellen- und Literaturnachweise. Schwerpunkte bilden hierbei u.a. ausf{\"u}hrliche L{\"a}nder- und Regional- studien f{\"u}r Nordafrika ({\"A}gypten, Algerien), Westafrika (Ghana, Mali, Guinea) sowie zu {\"A}thiopien und Mosambik.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Risch2021,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie},
  title     = {Acute effect of exercise on sonographic detectable achilles tendon blood flow},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wochatz2021,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique},
  title     = {Influence of different loading conditions on scapular movement and scapular muscle activation patterns},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {iv, 129, xiv},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The scapula plays a significant role in efficient shoulder movement. Thus, alterations from typical scapular motion during upper limb movements are thought to be associated with shoulder pathologies. However, a clear understanding of the relationship is not yet obtained.. Scapular alterations may only represent physiological variability as their occurrence can appear equally as frequent in individuals with and without shoulder disorders. Evaluation of scapular motion during increased load might be a beneficial approach to detect clinically relevant alterations. However, functional motion adaptations in response to maximum effort upper extremity loading has not been established yet. Therefore, the overall purpose of this research project was to give further insight in physiological adaptations of scapular kinematics and their underlying scapular muscle activity in response to high demanding shoulder movements in healthy asymptomatic individuals. Prior to the investigation of the effect of various load situation, the reproducibility of scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity were evaluated under maximum effort arm movements. Healthy asymptomatic adults performed unloaded and maximal loaded concentric and eccentric isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension movements in the scapular plane while scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity were simultaneously assessed. A 3D motion capture system (infra-red cameras \& reflective markers) was utilized to track scapular and humerus motion in relation to the thorax. 3D scapular position angles were given for arm raising and lowering between humerus positions of 20° and 120° flexion. To further characterize the scapular pattern, the scapular motion extent and scapulohumeral rhythm (ratio of scapular and humerus motion extent) were determined. Muscle activity of the upper and lower trapezius and the serratus anterior were assessed with surface electromyography. Amplitudes were calculated for the whole ROM and four equidistant movement phases. Reliability was characterized by overall moderate to good reproducibility across the load conditions. Irrespective of applied load, scapular kinematics followed a motion pattern of continuous upward rotation, posterior tilt and external rotation during arm elevation and a continuous downward rotation, anterior tilt and internal rotation during arm lowering. However, kinematics were altered between maximal loaded and unloaded conditions showing increased upward rotation, reduced posterior tilt and external rotation. Further, the scapulohumeral rhythm was decreased and scapular motion extent increased under maximal loaded movements. Muscle activity during maximum effort were of greater magnitude and differed in their pattern in comparison to the continuous increase and decrease of activity during unloaded shoulder flexion and extension. Relationships between scapular kinematics and their underlying scapular muscle activity could only be identified for a few isolated combinations, whereas the majority showed no associations. Scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity pattern alter according to the applied load. Alterations between the load conditions comply in magnitude and partially in direction with differences seen between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Even though long-term effects of identified adaptations in response to maximum load are so far unclear, deviations from typical scapular motion or muscle activation should not per se be seen as indicators of shoulder impairment. However, evaluation of alterations in scapular motion and activation in response to maximum effort may have the potential to identify individuals that are unable to cope with increased upper limb demands. Findings further challenge the understanding of scapular motion and stabilization by the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles, as clear relationships between the underlying scapular muscle activity and scapular kinematics were neither observed during unloaded nor maximal loaded shoulder movements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hadzic2021,
  author    = {Hadzic, Miralem},
  title     = {Erfassung des funktionellen und nutritiven Status hochbetagter Patienten in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50680},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-506806},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XIII, 48, XXXI},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Einleitung {\"A}ltere Patienten mit Herzklappenerkrankungen werden zunehmend h{\"a}ufig mit der kathetergest{\"u}tzten Aortenklappenimplantation (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, TAVI) oder dem MitraClip®-Verfahren behandelt. In der kardiologischen Rehabilitation nimmt infolgedessen die Patientenpopulation der Hochbetagten stetig zu. Die funktionale Gesundheit dieser Patienten wird durch h{\"a}ufig auftretende, sogenannte geriatrische Syndrome wie Multimorbidit{\"a}t, Mangelern{\"a}hrung, Gebrechlichkeit oder Sturzereignisse beeinflusst. Insbesondere die eingeschr{\"a}nkte Mobilit{\"a}t und Mangelern{\"a}hrung sind wichtige Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r die Prognose der Patienten nach TAVI. Etablierte Verfahren, um die k{\"o}rperliche Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von kardiologischen Rehabilitanden zu beurteilen, sind die Belastungsergometrie und der 6-Minuten-Gehtest. Allerdings ist nahezu die H{\"a}lfte der hochbetagten Patienten nicht in der Lage, eine Belastungsergometrie durchzuf{\"u}hren. Bislang erfolgt in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation keine differenzierte Erfassung des funktionellen Status hinsichtlich Mobilit{\"a}t, Kraft und Gleichgewicht, um die geriatrischen Syndrome individuell zu beurteilen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden keine Assessments zur Erfassung des Ern{\"a}hrungsstatus eingesetzt. Daher war es das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die Auspr{\"a}gung des funktionellen und nutritiven Status {\"a}lterer Patienten anhand geeigneter Assessments in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation zu ermitteln. Methode Zwischen Oktober 2018 und Juni 2019 nahmen Patienten im Alter von 75 Jahren oder {\"a}lter nach TAVI, atrioventrikul{\"a}rer Intervention mittels MitraClip®-Verfahren (AVI) oder perkutaner Koronarintervention (PCI) an der Studie teil. Zu Beginn der kardiologischen Rehabilitation wurden soziodemografische Daten, echokardiografische Parameter (z. B. links und rechtsventrikul{\"a}re Ejektionsfraktion, Herzrhythmus) und Komorbidit{\"a}ten (z. B. Diabetes mellitus, Niereninsuffizienz, orthop{\"a}dische Erkrankungen) erhoben, um die Patientenpopulation zu beschreiben. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde die Gebrechlichkeit der Rehabilitanden mit dem Index von Stortecky et al., bestehend aus den Komponenten Kognition, Mobilit{\"a}t, Ern{\"a}hrung und Aktivit{\"a}ten des t{\"a}glichen Lebens, beurteilt. Der 6-Minuten-Gehtest diente zur Ermittlung der k{\"o}rperlichen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der Patienten. Die Mobilit{\"a}t wurde mit Hilfe des Timed-Up-and-Go-Tests, die Ganggeschwindigkeit mit dem Gait Speed Test und die Handkraft mit dem Hand Grip Test erfasst. F{\"u}r die Objektivierung des Gleichgewichts wurde eine Kraftmessplatte (uni- und bipedaler Stand mit ge{\"o}ffneten und geschlossenen Augen) erprobt, die bislang bei {\"a}lteren Rehabilitanden noch nicht eingesetzt wurde. Der Ern{\"a}hrungsstatus wurde mit dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form und den ern{\"a}hrungsbezogenen Laborparametern (H{\"a}moglobin, Serumalbumin, Eiweißkonzentration) erfasst. Die Eignung der Assessments bewerteten wir anhand folgender Kriterien: Durchf{\"u}hrbarkeit (bei ≥ 95 \% der Patienten durchf{\"u}hrbar), Sicherheit (< 95 \% St{\"u}rze oder andere unerw{\"u}nschte Ereignisse) und der Pearson-Korrelationen zwischen den funktionellen Tests und dem Goldstandard 6-Minuten-Gehtest sowie den Laborparametern und dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Ergebnisse Es wurden 124 Patienten (82 ± 4 Jahre, 48 \% Frauen, 5 ± 2 Komorbidit{\"a}ten, 9 ± 3 Medikamente) nach TAVI (n = 59), AVI (n = 21) und PCI (n = 44) konsekutiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. Etwa zwei Drittel aller Patienten der Gesamtpopulation waren als gebrechlich zu klassifizieren, bei einer mittleren Punktzahl von 2,9 ± 1,4. Ann{\"a}hernd die H{\"a}lfte der Patienten zeigte eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte k{\"o}rperliche Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit aufgrund einer reduzierten 6-Minuten-Gehstrecke (48 \% < 350 m) sowie eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Mobilit{\"a}t im Timed-Up-and-Go-Test (55 \% > 10 s). Es wurden eine mittlere Gehstrecke von 339 ± 131 m und eine durchschnittliche Zeit im Timed-Up-and-Go-Test von 11,4 ± 6,3 s erzielt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wies ein Viertel der Patienten eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Ganggeschwindigkeit (< 0,8 m/s) auf und etwa 35 \% von Ihnen zeigten eine reduzierte Handkraft (Frauen/M{\"a}nner < 16/27 kg). Im Mittel wurde eine Geschwindigkeit von 1,0 ± 0,2 m/s im Gait Speed Test sowie eine Handkraft von 24 ± 9 kg im Hand Grip Test erreicht. Ein Risiko einer Mangelern{\"a}hrung konnte bei 38 \% (< 12 Punkte) der Patienten nachgewiesen werden bei einer mittleren Punktzahl von 11,8 ± 2,2 im Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Im Vergleich zwischen den einzelnen Subpopulationen bestanden keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in den Ergebnissen der funktionellen Assessments. Bez{\"u}glich des Ern{\"a}hrungsstatus wiesen allerdings die Patienten nach AVI einen statistisch signifikant niedrigeren Punktewert im Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (10,3 ± 3,0 Punkte) auf als die Patienten nach TAVI (12,0 ± 1,8 Punkte) und PCI (12,1 ± 2,1 Punkte), wobei etwa 57 \% der Patienten nach AVI, 38 \% nach TAVI und 50 \% nach PCI ein Risiko einer Mangelern{\"a}hrung zeigten. Mit Ausnahme der Tests auf der Kraftmessplatte waren alle Assessments durchf{\"u}hrbar und sicher. W{\"a}hrend 86 \% der Patienten den bipedalen Stand mit geschlossenen Augen auf der Kraftmessplatte durchf{\"u}hren konnten und damit nahezu den Grenzwert von 95 \% erreichten, war der unipedale Stand mit 12 \% an durchf{\"u}hrbaren Messungen weit von diesem entfernt. Der Gait Speed Test (r = 0,79), Timed-Up-and-Go-Test (r = 0,68) und Hand Grip Test (r = 0,33) korrelierten signifikant mit dem 6-Minuten-Gehtest, H{\"a}moglobin (r = 0,20) und Albumin (r = 0,24) korrelierten mit dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Schlussfolgerung {\"U}ber die bestehende Multimorbidit{\"a}t und Multimedikation hinaus wiesen die untersuchten Patienten vor allem eine eingeschr{\"a}nkte Mobilit{\"a}t und ein Risiko einer Mangelern{\"a}hrung auf, wobei die Subpopulation nach AVI besonders betroffen war. Um den Bed{\"u}rfnissen hochbetagter Rehabilitanden nach kathetergest{\"u}tzer Intervention gerecht zu werden, ist eine individuelle Behandlung der einzelnen Defizite erforderlich, mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Komorbidit{\"a}ten sowie der geriatrischen Kofaktoren. Aufgrund des multidisziplin{\"a}ren Ansatzes erf{\"u}llt die kardiologische Rehabilitation bereits die Voraussetzung, hochbetagte Patienten bedarfsgerecht zu behandeln, jedoch mangelt es an Assessments, um die individuellen Defizite der Patienten zu identifizieren Der Gait Speed Test, der Timed-Up-and-Go-Test und der Hand Grip Test sollten daher in den klinischen Alltag der kardiologischen Rehabilitation implementiert werden, um die k{\"o}rperliche Funktion und Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit {\"a}lterer Patienten detailliert zu beurteilen. In Kombination dieser Assessments mit dem Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form k{\"o}nnen die individuellen funktionellen und nutritiven Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Patienten w{\"a}hrend der Rehabilitation erkannt und mit geeigneten Maßnahmen die weitere Ausbildung geriatrischer Syndrome gemindert werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{SchulzBehrendt2020,
  author    = {Schulz-Behrendt, Claudia},
  title     = {Entwicklung und Evaluation eines berufsorientierten Gruppenprogramms Sozialer Arbeit in der medizinischen Rehabilitation am Beispiel kardiovaskul{\"a}rer Erkrankungen},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-49139},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-491397},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {142},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Untersuchung analysierte den direkten Zusammenhang eines berufsbezogenen Angebots Sozialer Gruppenarbeit mit dem Ergebnis beruflicher Wiedereingliederung bei Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden in besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen. Sie wurde von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund als Forschungsprojekt vom 01.01.2013 bis 31.12. 2015 gef{\"o}rdert und an der Professur f{\"u}r Rehabilitationswissenschaften der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam realisiert. Die Forschungsfrage lautete: Kann eine intensive sozialarbeiterische Gruppenintervention im Rahmen der station{\"a}ren medizinischen Rehabilitation soweit auf die St{\"a}rkung sozialer Kompetenzen und die Soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung von Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden einwirken, dass sich dadurch langfristige Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung im Vergleich zur konventionellen Behandlung ergeben? Die Studie gliederte sich in eine qualitative und eine quantitative Erhebung mit einer zwischenliegenden Intervention. Eingeschlossen waren 352 Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter zwischen 18 und 65 Jahren mit kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Diagnosen, deren Krankheitsbilder h{\"a}ufig von komplexen Problemlagen begleitet sind, verbunden mit einer schlechten sozialmedizinischen Prognose. Die Evaluation der Gruppenintervention erfolgte in einem clusterrandomisierten kontrollierten Studiendesign, um einen empirischen Nachweis dar{\"u}ber zu erbringen, inwieweit die Intervention gegen{\"u}ber der regul{\"a}ren sozialarbeiterischen Behandlung h{\"o}here Effekte erzielen kann. Die Interventionsgruppen nahmen am Gruppenprogramm teil, die Kontrollgruppen erhielten die regul{\"a}re sozialarbeiterische Behandlung. Im Ergebnis konnte mit dieser Stichprobe kein Nachweis zur Verbesserung der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung, der gesundheitsbezogenen Arbeitsf{\"a}higkeit, der Lebensqualit{\"a}t sowie der Sozialen Unterst{\"u}tzung durch die Teilnahme am sozialarbeiterischen Gruppenprogramm erbracht werden. Die Return-To-Work-Rate betrug 43,7 \%, ein Viertel der Untersuchungsgruppe befand sich nach einem Jahr in Arbeitslosigkeit. Die durchgef{\"u}hrte Gruppenintervention ist dem konventionellen Setting Sozialer Arbeit als gleichwertig anzusehen. Schlussfolgernd wurde auf eine sozialarbeiterische Unterst{\"u}tzung der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung {\"u}ber einen l{\"a}ngeren Zeitraum nach einer kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Erkrankung verwiesen, insbesondere durch wohnortnahe Angebote zu einem sp{\"a}teren Zeitpunkt bei stabilerer Gesundheit. Aus den Erhebungen ließen sich m{\"o}gliche Erfolge bei engerer Kooperation zwischen dem Fachbereich der Sozialen Arbeit und der Psychologie ableiten. Ebenfalls gab es Hinweise auf die einflussreiche Rolle der Angeh{\"o}rigen, die durch Einbindung in die Soziale Beratung unterst{\"u}tzend auf den Wiedereingliederungsprozess wirken k{\"o}nnten. Die Passgenauigkeit der untersuchten sozialarbeiterischen Gruppeninterventionen ist durch eine gezielte Soziale Diagnostik zu verbessern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Helm2020,
  author    = {Helm, Norman},
  title     = {Optimierung der Leistungsdiagnostik und Entwicklung von effektiven Trainingsprogrammen in der Zweikampfsportart Judo unter Verwendung des Mess- und Informationssystems JERGo f{\"u}r judospezifische Anrissbewegungen},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47176},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471765},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {IX,145},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Eine sportartspezifische Anforderungsanalyse ist die Grundlage f{\"u}r die Leistungsdiagnostik und eine wichtige Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Trainingssteuerung im Spitzensport. Im Rahmen der Leistungsdiagnostik in der Zweikampfsportart Judo besitzen judospezifische Anrissleistungen bei Anrissbewegungen ein hohes Potenzial, um Defizite im Kraft-Weg-Verlauf bzw. in den kinetischen Parametern (z. B. mechanische Arbeit, dynamische Maximalkraft) zu identifizieren und ableitend daraus entsprechende trainingsmethodische Anpassungen zur Verbesserung vorzunehmen. Die Rumpfstabilit{\"a}t und die Rumpfkraft stellen wichtige Leistungsvoraussetzungen f{\"u}r sportliche Bewegungen dar, um den optimalen Transfer von Kr{\"a}ften und Drehmomenten von den unteren Extremit{\"a}ten {\"u}ber den stabilen Rumpf hin zu den oberen Extremit{\"a}ten zu erm{\"o}glichen. Im Trainingsprozess der Judoka erf{\"a}hrt das spezifische Krafttraining immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit, um die sportartrelevanten Muskelgruppen zu entwickeln und somit die finale Effektivit{\"a}t einer Wurftechnik zu verbessern. Die wesentliche Zielstellung dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Leistungsdiagnostik im Judo zu optimieren und effektive Trainingsprogramme zur Verbesserung von judospezifischen Anrissbewegungen zu entwickeln. Im Einzelnen wurde daf{\"u}r eine systematische Anforderungsanalyse f{\"u}r die Sportart Judo erarbeitet. Basierend auf dieser Analyse wurden die Validit{\"a}t und die Reliabilit{\"a}t von kinetischen Parametern w{\"a}hrend Anrissbewegungen mit einem judospezifischen Ergometer-System (JERGo) untersucht. Zudem wurden die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der Rumpfkraft und kinetischen Parametern bei judospezifischen Anrissbewegungen analysiert. Schließlich wurde die Wirksamkeit eines spezifischen Anrisstrainings am JERGo-System gegen{\"u}ber einem Anrisstraining mit Partner auf kinetische Parameter und Muskelaktivit{\"a}t {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die sportartspezifische Anforderungsanalyse wurde unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der metabolischen und muskul{\"a}ren Anforderungen sowie sportartspezifischen Verletzungsrisiken erarbeitet. An den zwei Querstudien bzw. einer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie nahmen gesunde m{\"a}nnliche Judoka mit unterschiedlichem Expertiseniveau teil. Die kinetischen Parameter bei judospezifischen Anrissbewegungen wurden mit dem JERGo-System in allen Experimentalstudien erfasst. Die Rumpfkraft wurde mit einem isokinetischen Dynamometer gemessen, um Assoziationen zwischen der Rumpfkraft und judospezifischen Anrissleistungen zu bestimmen. Zudem wurde die Aktivit{\"a}t ausgew{\"a}hlter Rumpf-/Schultermuskeln bei der Anrissbewegung im Standf{\"u}r die Validierung des JERGo-Systems und f{\"u}r die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Effekte eines Anrisstrainings erfasst. Die Ermittlung von sportmotorischen Leistungen erfolgte durch die {\"U}bungen Liegend-Anreißen und Klimmziehen, um die Wirkungen eines judospezifischen Anrisstrainings auf sportartunspezifische Kraftleistungen zu untersuchen. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der muskul{\"a}ren Anforderungen im Judo wird die Ausf{\"u}hrung einer explosiven Anrissbewegung bzw. Wurftechnik durch die koordinierte Aktivit{\"a}t vieler Muskelgruppen und vor allem durch die unteren Extremit{\"a}ten sowie den Rumpf realisiert. Aus trainingswissenschaftlicher Sicht ist das JERGo-System ein valides und reliables Messinstrument f{\"u}r die Diagnostik von kinetischen Parametern w{\"a}hrend judospezifischer Anrissbewegungen. Die Rumpfkraft, insbesondere bei der Rumpfrotation, ist mit kinetischen Parametern bei judospezifischen Anrissbewegungen assoziiert. Ein Anrisstraining am JERGo-System zeigt in den kinetischen Parametern und Muskelaktivierungen vor allem bei der Anrissbewegung im Stand signifikant gr{\"o}ßere Zuwachsraten im Vergleich zu einem Anrisstraining mit Partner. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass die Verbesserung der muskul{\"a}ren Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit (z. B. Explosivkraft) in den unteren Extremit{\"a}ten und der Rumpfmuskulatur eine wichtige Basis f{\"u}r judospezifische Anrissleistungen bei Anrissbewegungen und Wurftechniken darstellt. Zudem empfiehlt es sich, dass JERGo-System zur Diagnostik von kinetischen Parametern bei judospezifischen Anrissbewegungen in die judospezifische Testbatterie einzubinden. Weiterhin kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass durch rumpfextensions- und vor allem durch rumpfrotationskr{\"a}ftigende {\"U}bungen unter maximal schellkr{\"a}ftigender Muskelaktivierung Einfluss auf kinetische Parameter bei judospezifischen Anrissbewegungen genommen wird. Letztendlich empfiehlt es sich, ein Antrisstraining am JERGo-System in den judospezifischen Trainingsprozess zu integrieren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zopfi2018,
  author    = {Zopfi, Stephan},
  title     = {Die t{\"a}gliche Bewegungs- und Sportstunde},
  publisher = {Helyas},
  address   = {Berom{\"u}nster},
  isbn      = {978-3-9524944-1-7},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {185},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Die Gesundheit unserer Jugend ist seit je ein gesellschaftspolitisches Primat und verdient die gr{\"o}sstm{\"o}gliche Beachtung. Ein Teilbereich, n{\"a}mlich Bewegung und Sport, ist in der Schweiz auch aus diesem Grund verfassungsm{\"a}ssig geregelt. S{\"a}mtliche Volksschulen m{\"u}ssen bis ins neunte Schuljahr pro Woche drei Lektionen Bewegung und Sport anbieten.. Als einziges Schulfach geniesst Bewegung und Sport diesen bundesgesetzlichen Support im sonst streng f{\"o}deralistisch organisierten Bildungssystem der Schweiz. Trotz diesen drei verordneten Sportlektionen ist die physische Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit unserer Jugend einhergehend mit gesundheitlichen Parametern seit 1985 r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufig und seit ein paar Jahren auf tiefem Niveau stagnierend. Zudem berichten Lehrpersonen {\"u}ber sinkende Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit in den letzten Jahren. Um eine fl{\"a}chendeckende Verbesserung der Situation zu bewirken, bietet sich die Schule als zentraler Ort der Einflussnahme an. Dies gilt im Besonderen f{\"u}r den Bereich Bewegung und Sport. Im Jahr 2005 wurde das Programm einer t{\"a}glichen Bewegungs- und Sportstunde an der Primarschule in Luzern/Schweiz gestartet. Nach einem kontinuierlichen Ausbau kamen ab 2011 etwas {\"u}ber 1300 Kinder von der ersten bis zur sechsten Klasse in den Genuss dieser t{\"a}glichen Bewegungslektion. Die wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen in den drei gesellschaftlich hoch relevanten Bereichen der Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit, des {\"U}bergewichts und der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit ergaben positive Resultate. So konnte die Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit - die Basis f{\"u}r erfolgreiches Lernen - signifikant gesteigert werden und teilweise signifikant war die Verbesserung des statischen Gleichgewichts. Ein positiver Trend zeigte sich auch bei der Senkung des Body-Mass-Indexes bei Knaben. Dies konnte bei den M{\"a}dchen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Auch wenn nicht alle Hypothesen vollumf{\"a}nglich best{\"a}tigt werden konnten, gilt es festzuhalten, dass das Projekt der t{\"a}glichen Sport- und Bewegungsstunde die Erwartungen in allen drei Messbereichen erf{\"u}llt hat und die Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit, des {\"U}bergewichts und der Gleichgewichtsf{\"a}higkeit mehrheitlich ausgewiesen werden k{\"o}nnen. Es lohnt sich also, die t{\"a}gliche Sport- und Bewegungsstunde an der Primarschule einzuf{\"u}hren und den Pr{\"a}ventionsgedanken auch Taten folgen zu lassen.},
  language  = {de}
}