@misc{WagnerHillebrandWackeretal.2013,
  author    = {Wagner, Nicole D. and Hillebrand, Helmut and Wacker, Alexander and Frost, Paul C.},
  title     = {Nutritional indicators and their uses in ecology},
  series = {Ecology letters},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Ecology letters},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1461-023X},
  doi       = {10.1111/ele.12067},
  pages     = {535 -- 544},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The nutrition of animal consumers is an important regulator of ecological processes due to its effects on their physiology, life-history and behaviour. Understanding the ecological effects of poor nutrition depends on correctly diagnosing the nature and strength of nutritional limitation. Despite the need to assess nutritional limitation, current approaches to delineating nutritional constraints can be non-specific and imprecise. Here, we consider the need and potential to develop new complementary approaches to the study of nutritional constraints on animal consumers by studying and using a suite of established and emerging biochemical and molecular responses. These nutritional indicators include gene expression, transcript regulators, protein profiling and activity, and gross biochemical and elemental composition. The potential applications of nutritional indicators to ecological studies are highlighted to demonstrate the value that this approach would have to future studies in community and ecosystem ecology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MechieBenAvrahamWeberetal.2013,
  author    = {Mechie, James and Ben-Avraham, Zvi and Weber, Michael H. and G{\"o}tze, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Koulakov, Ivan and Mohsen, A. and Stiller, M.},
  title     = {The distribution of Moho depths beneath the Arabian plate and margins},
  series = {TECTONOPHYSICS},
  volume    = {609},
  journal   = {TECTONOPHYSICS},
  publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
  address   = {AMSTERDAM},
  issn      = {0040-1951},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.015},
  pages     = {234 -- 249},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In this study three new maps of Moho depths beneath the Arabian plate and margins are presented. The first map is based on the combined gravity model, EIGEN 06C, which includes data from satellite missions and ground-based studies, and thus covers the whole region between 31 degrees E and 60 inverted perpendicular E and between 12 degrees N and 36 degrees N. The second map is based on seismological and ground-based gravity data while the third map is based only on seismological data. Both these maps show gaps due to lack of data coverage especially in the interior of the Arabian plate. Beneath the interior of the Arabian plate the Moho lies between 32 and 45 km depth below sea level. There is a tendency for higher Pn and Sn velocities beneath the northeastern parts of the plate interior with respect to the southwestern parts of the plate interior. Across the northern, destructive margin with the Eurasian plate, the Moho depths increase to over 50 km beneath the Zagros mountains. Across the conservative western margin, the Dead Sea Transform (DST). Moho depths decrease from almost 40 km beneath the highlands east of the DST to about 21-23 km under the southeastern Mediterranean Sea. This decrease seems to be modulated by a slight depression in the Moho beneath the southern DST. The constructive southwestern and southeastern margins of the Arabian plate also show the Moho shallowing from the plate interior towards the plate boundaries. A comparison of the abruptness of the Moho shallowing between the margins of the Arabian plate, the conjugate African margin at 26 degrees N and several Atlantic margins shows a complex picture and suggests that the abruptness of the Moho shallowing may reflect fundamental differences in the original structure of the margins. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AstFischerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Ast, Sandra and Fischer, Tobias and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Mickler, Wulfhard and Schwichtenberg, Mathias and Rurack, Knut and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Integration of the 1,2,3-Triazole "Click" Motif as a potent signalling element in metal ion responsive fluorescent probes},
  series = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.201201575},
  pages     = {2990 -- 3005},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In a systematic approach we synthesized a new series of fluorescent probes incorporating donoracceptor (D-A) substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as conjugative -linkers between the alkali metal ion receptor N-phenylaza-[18]crown-6 and different fluorophoric groups with different electron-acceptor properties (4-naphthalimide, meso-phenyl-BODIPY and 9-anthracene) and investigated their performance in organic and aqueous environments (physiological conditions). In the charge-transfer (CT) type probes 1, 2 and 7, the fluorescence is almost completely quenched by intramolecular CT (ICT) processes involving charge-separated states. In the presence of Na+ and K+ ICT is interrupted, which resulted in a lighting-up of the fluorescence in acetonitrile. Among the investigated fluoroionophores, compound 7, which contains a 9-anthracenyl moiety as the electron-accepting fluorophore, is the only probe which retains light-up features in water and works as a highly K+/Na+-selective probe under simulated physiological conditions. Virtually decoupled BODIPY-based 6 and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) type probes 35, where the 10-substituted anthracen-9-yl fluorophores are connected to the 1,2,3-triazole through a methylene spacer, show strong ion-induced fluorescence enhancement in acetonitrile, but not under physiological conditions. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations were used to assess and support the underlying mechanisms for the new ICT and PET 1,2,3-triazole fluoroionophores.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SiblyGrimmMartinetal.2013,
  author    = {Sibly, Richard M. and Grimm, Volker and Martin, Benjamin T. and Johnston, Alice S. A. and Kulakowska, Katarzyna and Topping, Christopher J. and Calow, Peter and Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob and Thorbek, Pernille and DeAngelis, Donald L.},
  title     = {Representing the acquisition and use of energy by individuals in agent-based models of animal populations},
  series = {Methods in ecology and evolution : an official journal of the British Ecological Society},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Methods in ecology and evolution : an official journal of the British Ecological Society},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2041-210X},
  doi       = {10.1111/2041-210x.12002},
  pages     = {151 -- 161},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Agent-based models (ABMs) are widely used to predict how populations respond to changing environments. As the availability of food varies in space and time, individuals should have their own energy budgets, but there is no consensus as to how these should be modelled. Here, we use knowledge of physiological ecology to identify major issues confronting the modeller and to make recommendations about how energy budgets for use in ABMs should be constructed. Our proposal is that modelled animals forage as necessary to supply their energy needs for maintenance, growth and reproduction. If there is sufficient energy intake, an animal allocates the energy obtained in the order: maintenance, growth, reproduction, energy storage, until its energy stores reach an optimal level. If there is a shortfall, the priorities for maintenance and growth/reproduction remain the same until reserves fall to a critical threshold below which all are allocated to maintenance. Rates of ingestion and allocation depend on body mass and temperature. We make suggestions for how each of these processes should be modelled mathematically. Mortality rates vary with body mass and temperature according to known relationships, and these can be used to obtain estimates of background mortality rate. If parameter values cannot be obtained directly, then values may provisionally be obtained by parameter borrowing, pattern-oriented modelling, artificial evolution or from allometric equations. The development of ABMs incorporating individual energy budgets is essential for realistic modelling of populations affected by food availability. Such ABMs are already being used to guide conservation planning of nature reserves and shell fisheries, to assess environmental impacts of building proposals including wind farms and highways and to assess the effects on nontarget organisms of chemicals for the control of agricultural pests.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Sorge2013,
  author    = {Sorge, Arndt},
  title     = {Disintegrating Democracy at Work: Labor Unions and the Future of Good Jobs in the Service Economy},
  series = {British journal of industrial relations : an international journal of employment relations},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {British journal of industrial relations : an international journal of employment relations},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0007-1080},
  doi       = {10.1177/0094306113514539i},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SodoudiYuanKindetal.2013,
  author    = {Sodoudi, Forough and Yuan, Xiaohui and Kind, Rainer and Lebedev, Sergei and Adam, Joanne M-C. and K{\"a}stle, Emanuel and Tilmann, Frederik},
  title     = {Seismic evidence for stratification in composition and anisotropic fabric within the thick lithosphere of Kalahari Craton},
  series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1525-2027},
  doi       = {10.1002/2013GC004955},
  pages     = {5393 -- 5412},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Based on joint consideration of S receiver functions and surface-wave anisotropy we present evidence for the existence of a thick and layered lithosphere beneath the Kalahari Craton. Our results show that frozen-in anisotropy and compositional changes can generate sharp Mid-Lithospheric Discontinuities (MLD) at depths of 85 and 150-200 km, respectively. We found that a 50 km thick anisotropic layer, containing 3\% S wave anisotropy and with a fast-velocity axis different from that in the layer beneath, can account for the first MLD at about 85 km depth. Significant correlation between the depths of an apparent boundary separating the depleted and metasomatised lithosphere, as inferred from chemical tomography, and those of our second MLD led us to characterize it as a compositional boundary, most likely due to the modification of the cratonic mantle lithosphere by magma infiltration. The deepening of this boundary from 150 to 200 km is spatially correlated with the surficial expression of the Thabazimbi-Murchison Lineament (TML), implying that the TML isolates the lithosphere of the Limpopo terrane from that of the ancient Kaapvaal terrane. The largest velocity contrast (3.6-4.7\%) is observed at a boundary located at depths of 260-280 km beneath the Archean domains and the older Proterozoic belt. This boundary most likely represents the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, which shallows to about 200 km beneath the younger Proterozoic belt. Thus, the Kalahari lithosphere may have survived multiple episodes of intense magmatism and collisional rifting during the billions of years of its history, which left their imprint in its internal layering.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ScheinerAbramsonBrodschneideretal.2013,
  author    = {Scheiner, Ricarda and Abramson, Charles I. and Brodschneider, Robert and Crailsheim, Karl and Farina, Walter M. and Fuchs, Stefan and Gr{\"u}newald, Bernd and Hahshold, Sybille and Karrer, Marlene and Koeniger, Gudrun and K{\"o}niger, Niko and Menzel, Randolf and Mujagic, Samir and Radspieler, Gerald and Schmickl, Thomas and Schneider, Christof and Siegel, Adam J. and Szopek, Martina and Thenius, Ronald},
  title     = {Standard methods for behavioural studies of Apis mellifera},
  series = {Journal of apicultural research},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Journal of apicultural research},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {International Bee Research Association},
  address   = {Cardiff},
  issn      = {0021-8839},
  doi       = {10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.04},
  pages     = {58},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In this BEEBOOK paper we present a set of established methods for quantifying honey bee behaviour. We start with general methods for preparing bees for behavioural assays. Then we introduce assays for quantifying sensory responsiveness to gustatory, visual and olfactory stimuli. Presentation of more complex behaviours like appetitive and aversive learning under controlled laboratory conditions and learning paradigms under free-flying conditions will allow the reader to investigate a large range of cognitive skills in honey bees. Honey bees are very sensitive to changing temperatures. We therefore present experiments which aim at analysing honey bee locomotion in temperature gradients. The complex flight behaviour of honey bees can be investigated under controlled conditions in the laboratory or with sophisticated technologies like harmonic radar or RFID in the field. These methods will be explained in detail in different sections. Honey bees are model organisms in behavioural biology for their complex yet plastic division of labour. To observe the daily behaviour of individual bees in a colony, classical observation hives are very useful. The setting up and use of typical observation hives will be the focus of another section. The honey bee dance language has important characteristics of a real language and has been the focus of numerous studies. We here discuss the background of the honey bee dance language and describe how it can be studied. Finally, the mating of a honey bee queen with drones is essential to survival of the entire colony. We here give detailed and structured information how the mating behaviour of drones and queens can be observed and experimentally manipulated. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with a comprehensive set of experimental protocols for detailed studies on all aspects of honey bee behaviour including investigation of pesticide and insecticide effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Stecker2013,
  author    = {Stecker, Christian},
  title     = {Parliaments and coalitions: - the role of legislative institutions in multiparty governance},
  series = {Politische Vierteljahresschrift : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Vereinigung f{\"u}r Politische Wissenschaft},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Politische Vierteljahresschrift : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Vereinigung f{\"u}r Politische Wissenschaft},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {0032-3470},
  pages     = {383 -- 385},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SharmaDreyerRiedelsberger2013,
  author    = {Sharma, Tripti and Dreyer, Ingo and Riedelsberger, Janin},
  title     = {The role of K+ channels in uptake and redistribution of potassium in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana},
  series = {Frontiers in plant science},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in plant science},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-462X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpls.2013.00224},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Potassium (K+) is inevitable for plant growth and development. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of enzyme activities, in adjusting the electrical membrane potential and the cellular turgor, in regulating cellular homeostasis and in the stabilization of protein synthesis. Uptake of K+ from the soil and its transport to growing organs is essential for a healthy plant development. Uptake and allocation of K+ are performed by K+ channels and transporters belonging to different protein families. In this review we summarize the knowledge on the versatile physiological roles of plant K+ channels and their behavior under stress conditions in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{JolivetFaccennaHuetetal.2013,
  author    = {Jolivet, Laurent and Faccenna, Claudio and Huet, Benjamin and Labrousse, Loic and Le Pourhiet, Laetitia and Lacombe, Olivier and Lecomte, Emmanuel and Burov, Evguenii and Denele, Yoann and Brun, Jean-Pierre and Philippon, Melody and Paul, Anne and Salaue, Gwenaelle and Karabulut, Hayrullah and Piromallo, Claudia and Monie, Patrick and Gueydan, Frederic and Okay, Aral I. and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Pourteau, Amaury and Augier, Romain and Gadenne, Leslie and Driussi, Olivier},
  title     = {Aegean tectonics strain localisation, slab tearing and trench retreat},
  series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth},
  volume    = {597},
  journal   = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0040-1951},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.011},
  pages     = {1 -- 33},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {We review the geodynamic evolution of the Aegean-Anatolia region and discuss strain localisation there over geological times. From Late Eocene to Present, crustal deformation in the Aegean backarc has localised progressively during slab retreat. Extension started with the formation of the Rhodope Metamorphic Core Complex (Eocene) and migrated to the Cyclades and the northern Menderes Massif (Oligocene and Miocene), accommodated by crustal-scale detachments and a first series of core complexes (MCCs). Extension then localised in Western Turkey, the Corinth Rift and the external Hellenic arc after Messinian times, while the North Anatolian Fault penetrated the Aegean Sea. Through time the direction and style of extension have not changed significantly except in terms of localisation. The contributions of progressive slab retreat and tearing, basal drag, extrusion tectonics and tectonic inheritance are discussed and we favour a model (I) where slab retreat is the main driving engine, (2) successive slab tearing episodes are the main causes of this stepwise strain localisation and (3) the inherited heterogeneity of the crust is a major factor for localising detachments. The continental crust has an inherited strong heterogeneity and crustal-scale contacts such as major thrust planes act as weak zones or as zones of contrast of resistance and viscosity that can localise later deformation. The dynamics of slabs at depth and the asthenospheric flow due to slab retreat also have influence strain localisation in the upper plate. Successive slab ruptures from the Middle Miocene to the late Miocene have isolated a narrow strip of lithosphere, still attached to the African lithosphere below Crete. The formation of the North Anatolian Fault is partly a consequence of this evolution. The extrusion of Anatolia and the Aegean extension are partly driven from below (asthenospheric flow) and from above (extrusion of a lid of rigid crust).},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Entrich2013,
  author    = {Entrich, Steve R.},
  title     = {Education and equal opportunity in Japan. Asia Pacific Studies, v. 4.},
  series = {Pacific affairs},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Pacific affairs},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {University of British Columbia},
  address   = {Vancouver},
  issn      = {0030-851X},
  pages     = {411 -- 413},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Haussig2013,
  author    = {Haußig, Hans-Michael},
  title     = {Ben-Yehuda, N., Theocratic democracy, the social construction of religious and secular extremism; Univ. Press, Oxford, 2010},
  issn      = {1614-6492},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{OmraniMoazzenOberhaenslietal.2013,
  author    = {Omrani, H. and Moazzen, Mohssen and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Tsujimori, T. and Bousquet, Romain and Moayyed, M.},
  title     = {Metamorphic history of glaucophane-paragonite-zoisite eclogites from the Shanderman area, northern Iran},
  series = {Journal of metamorphic geology},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Journal of metamorphic geology},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0263-4929},
  doi       = {10.1111/jmg.12045},
  pages     = {791 -- 812},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The Shanderman eclogites and related metamorphosed oceanic rocks mark the site of closure of the Palaeotethys ocean in northern Iran. The protolith of the eclogites was an oceanic tholeiitic basalt with MORB composition. Eclogite occurs within a serpentinite matrix, accompanied by mafic rocks resembling a dismembered ophiolite. The eclogitic mafic rocks record different stages of metamorphism during subduction and exhumation. Minerals formed during the prograde stages are preserved as inclusions in peak metamorphic garnet and omphacite. The rocks experienced blueschist facies metamorphism on their prograde path and were metamorphosed in eclogite facies at the peak of metamorphism. The peak metamorphic mineral paragenesis of the rocks is omphacite, garnet (pyrope-rich), glaucophane, paragonite, zoisite and rutile. Based on textural relations, post-peak stages can be divided into amphibolite and greenschist facies. Pressure and temperature estimates for eclogite facies minerals (peak of metamorphism) indicate 15-20kbar at similar to 600 degrees C. The pre-peak blueschist facies assemblage yields <11kbar and 400-460 degrees C. The average pressure and temperature of the post-peak amphibolite stage was 5-6kbar, similar to 470 degrees C. The Shanderman eclogites were formed by subduction of Palaeotethys oceanic crust to a depth of no more than 75km. Subduction was followed by collision between the Central Iran and Turan blocks, and then exhumation of the high pressure rocks in northern Iran.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Vicente2013,
  author    = {Vicente, Luis},
  title     = {Sluicing - Cross-linguistic perspectives},
  series = {Language : journal of the Linguistic Society of America},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {Language : journal of the Linguistic Society of America},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Linguistic Society of America},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0097-8507},
  pages     = {653 -- 655},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Grell2013,
  author    = {Grell, Petra},
  title     = {Learning and teaching in adult education - contemporary theories},
  series = {Adult education quarterly : a journal of research and theory},
  volume    = {63},
  journal   = {Adult education quarterly : a journal of research and theory},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0741-7136},
  doi       = {10.1177/0741713612474785},
  pages     = {390 -- 392},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AguzziCostaKetmaieretal.2013,
  author    = {Aguzzi, Jacopo and Costa, C. and Ketmaier, V. and Angelini, C. and Antonucci, F. and Menesatti, P. and Company, J. B.},
  title     = {Light-dependent genetic and phenotypic differences in the squat lobster Munida tenuimana (Crustacea: Decapoda) along deep continental margins},
  series = {Progress in oceanography},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {Progress in oceanography},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0079-6611},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.011},
  pages     = {199 -- 209},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The levels of environmental light experienced by organisms during the behavioral activity phase deeply influence the performance of important ecological tasks. As a result, their shape and coloring may experience a light-driven selection process via the day-night rhythmic behavior. In this study, we tested the phenotypic and genetic variability of the western Mediterranean squat lobster (Munida tenuimana). We sampled at depths with different photic conditions and potentially, different burrow emergence rhythms. We performed day-night hauling at different depths, above and below the twilight zone end (i.e., 700 m, 1200 m, 1350 m, and 1500 m), to portray the occurrence of any burrow emergence rhythmicity. Collected animals were screened for shape and size (by geometric morphometry), spectrum and color variation (by photometric analysis), as well as for sequence variation at the mitochondria] DNA gene encoding for the NADH dehydrogenase subunit I. We found that a weak genetic structuring and shape homogeneity occurred together with significant variations in size, with the smaller individuals living at the twilight zone inferior limit and the larger individuals above and below. The infra-red wavelengths of spectral reflectance varied significantly with depth while the blue-green ones were size-dependent and expressed in smaller animals, which has a very small spectral reflectance. The effects of solar and bioluminescence lighting are discussed as depth-dependent evolutionary forces likely influencing the behavioral rhythms and coloring of M. tenuimana.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Fischer2013,
  author    = {Fischer, Stefanie},
  title     = {Doron Rabinovici, Eichmann's Jews - the jewish administration of holocaust Vienna 1938-1945},
  series = {East European Jewish affairs},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {East European Jewish affairs},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1350-1674},
  doi       = {10.1080/13501674.2013.872438},
  pages     = {354 -- 357},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{IobbiNivolLeimkuehler2013,
  author    = {Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke},
  title     = {Molybdenum enzymes, their maturation and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Escherichia coli},
  series = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Bioenergetics},
  volume    = {1827},
  journal   = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Bioenergetics},
  number    = {8-9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0005-2728},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.11.007},
  pages     = {1086 -- 1101},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis is an ancient, ubiquitous, and highly conserved pathway leading to the biochemical activation of molybdenum. Moco is the essential component of a group of redox enzymes, which are diverse in terms of their phylogenetic distribution and their architectures, both at the overall level and in their catalytic geometry. A wide variety of transformations are catalyzed by these enzymes at carbon, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, which include the transfer of an oxo group or two electrons to or from the substrate. More than 50 molybdoenzymes were identified in bacteria to date. In molybdoenzymes Mo is coordinated to a dithiolene group on the 6-alkyl side chain of a pterin called molybdopterin (MPT). The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into four general steps in bacteria: I) formation of the cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, 2) formation of MPT, 3) insertion of molybdenum into molybdopterin to form Moco, and 4) additional modification of Moco with the attachment of GMP or CMP to the phosphate group of MPT, forming the dinucleotide variant of Moco. This review will focus on molybdoenzymes, the biosynthesis of Moco, and its incorporation into specific target proteins focusing on Escherichia coli. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metals in Bioenergetics and Biomimetics Systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KraheSpringerWeinmanetal.2013,
  author    = {Krahe, Charlotte and Springer, Anne and Weinman, John A. and Fotopoulou, Aikaterini},
  title     = {The social modulation of pain - others as predictive signals of salience ; a systematic review},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  number    = {29},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1662-5161},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2013.00386},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Several studies in cognitive neuroscience have investigated the cognitive and affective modulation of pain. By contrast, fewer studies have focused on the social modulation of pain, despite a plethora of relevant clinical findings. Here we present the first review of experimental studies addressing how interpersonal factors, such as the presence, behavior, and spatial proximity of an observer, modulate pain. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 26 studies on experimentally induced pain that manipulated different interpersonal variables and measured behavioral, physiological, and neural pain-related responses. We observed that the modulation of pain by interpersonal factors depended on (1) the degree to which the social partners were active or were perceived by the participants to possess possibility for action; (2) the degree to which participants could perceive the specific intentions of the social partners; (3) the type of pre-existing relationship between the social partner and the person in pain, and lastly, (4) individual differences in relating to others and coping styles. Based on these findings, we propose that the modulation of pain by social factors can be fruitfully understood in relation to a recent predictive coding model, the free energy framework, particularly as applied to interoception and social cognition. Specifically, we argue that interpersonal interactions during pain may function as social, predictive signals of contextual threat or safety and as such influence the salience of noxious stimuli. The perception of such interpersonal interactions may in turn depend on (a) prior beliefs about interpersonal relating and (b) the certainty or precision by which an interpersonal interaction may predict environmental threat or safety.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kumarasingham2013,
  author    = {Kumarasingham, Harshan},
  title     = {Semi-presidentialism and democracy},
  series = {Political studies review},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Political studies review},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1478-9299},
  doi       = {10.1111/1478-9302.12016_10},
  pages     = {263 -- 264},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}