@article{ZimmermannSchinnFranckeetal.2013,
  author    = {Zimmermann, Alexander and Schinn, Dustin S. and Francke, Till and Elsenbeer, Helmut and Zimmermann, Beate},
  title     = {Uncovering patterns of near-surface saturated hydraulic conductivity in an overland flow-controlled landscape},
  series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science},
  volume    = {195},
  journal   = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science},
  number    = {169},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0016-7061},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.11.002},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) is an important soil characteristic affecting soil water storage, runoff generation and erosion processes. In some areas where high-intensity rainfall coincides with low K-s values at shallow soil depths, frequent overland flow entails dense drainage networks. Consequently, linear structures such as flowlines alternate with inter-flowline areas. So far, investigations of the spatial variability of K-s mainly relied on isotropic covariance models which are unsuitable to reveal patterns resulting from linear structures. In the present study, we applied two sampling approaches so as to adequately characterize K-s spatial variability in a tropical forest catchment that features a high density of flowlines: A classical nested sampling survey and a purposive sampling strategy adapted to the presence of flowlines. The nested sampling approach revealed the dominance of small-scale variability, which is in line with previous findings. Our purposive sampling, however, detected a strong spatial gradient: surface K-s increased substantially as a function of distance to flowline; 10 m off flowlines, values were similar to the spatial mean of K-s. This deterministic trend can be included as a fixed effect in a linear mixed modeling framework to obtain realistic spatial fields of K-s. In a next step we used probability maps based on those fields and prevailing rainfall intensities to assess the hydrological relevance of the detected pattern. This approach suggests a particularly good agreement between the probability statements of K-s exceedance and observed overland flow occurrence during wet stages of the rainy season.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VorpahlDislichElsenbeeretal.2013,
  author    = {Vorpahl, Peter and Dislich, Claudia and Elsenbeer, Helmut and M{\"a}rker, Michael and Schr{\"o}der-Esselbach, Boris},
  title     = {Biotic controls on shallow translational landslides},
  series = {Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0197-9337},
  doi       = {10.1002/esp.3320},
  pages     = {198 -- 212},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In undisturbed tropical montane rainforests massive organic layers accommodate the majority of roots and only a small fraction of roots penetrate the mineral soil. We investigated the contribution of vegetation to slope stability in such environments by modifying a standard model for slope stability to include an organic layer with distinct mechanical properties. The importance of individual model parameters was evaluated using detailed measurements of soil and vegetation properties to reproduce the observed depth of 11 shallow landslides in the Andes of southern Ecuador. By distinguishing mineral soil, organic layer and above-ground biomass, it is shown that in this environment vegetation provides a destabilizing effect mainly due to its contribution to the mass of the organic layer (up to 973 t ha-1 under wet conditions). Sensitivity analysis shows that the destabilizing effect of the mass of soil and vegetation can only be effective on slopes steeper than 37.9 degrees. This situation applies to 36\% of the study area. Thus, on the steep slopes of this megadiverse ecosystem, the mass of the growing forest promotes landsliding, which in turn promotes a new cycle of succession. This feedback mechanism is worth consideration in further investigations of the impact of landslides on plant diversity in similar environments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeillCoeRiskinetal.2013,
  author    = {Neill, Christopher and Coe, Michael T. and Riskin, Shelby H. and Krusche, Alex V. and Elsenbeer, Helmut and Macedo, Marcia N. and McHorney, Richard and Lefebvre, Paul and Davidson, Eric A. and Scheffler, Raphael and Figueira, Adelaine Michela e Silva and Porder, Stephen and Deegan, Linda A.},
  title     = {Watershed responses to Amazon soya bean cropland expansion and intensification},
  series = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences},
  volume    = {368},
  journal   = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences},
  number    = {1619},
  publisher = {Royal Society},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0962-8436},
  doi       = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0425},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The expansion and intensification of soya bean agriculture in southeastern Amazonia can alter watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry by changing the land cover, water balance and nutrient inputs. Several new insights on the responses of watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry to deforestation in Mato Grosso have emerged from recent intensive field campaigns in this region. Because of reduced evapotranspiration, total water export increases threefold to fourfold in soya bean watersheds compared with forest. However, the deep and highly permeable soils on the broad plateaus on which much of the soya bean cultivation has expanded buffer small soya bean watersheds against increased stormflows. Concentrations of nitrate and phosphate do not differ between forest or soya bean watersheds because fixation of phosphorus fertilizer by iron and aluminium oxides and anion exchange of nitrate in deep soils restrict nutrient movement. Despite resistance to biogeochemical change, streams in soya bean watersheds have higher temperatures caused by impoundments and reduction of bordering riparian forest. In larger rivers, increased water flow, current velocities and sediment flux following deforestation can reshape stream morphology, suggesting that cumulative impacts of deforestation in small watersheds will occur at larger scales.},
  language  = {en}
}