@article{Ungelenk2020, author = {Ungelenk, Johannes}, title = {{\´E}mile Zola's Climate History of the Second Empire}, series = {Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment}, volume = {11}, journal = {Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Alcal{\´a} de Henares}, address = {Instituto Universitario de Investigaci{\´o}n en Estudios Norteamericanos "Benjam{\´i}n Franklin", Universidad de Alcal{\´a}}, issn = {2171-9594}, doi = {10.37536/ECOZONA.2020.11.1.3181}, pages = {9 -- 26}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This article looks at {\´E}mile Zola's novel cycle Les Rougon-Macquart and argues that it describes its subject, the Second Empire, as a warming climate tending toward climate catastrophe. Zola's affinity to the notion of climate is shown to be linked to his poetic employment of the concept of 'milieu', inspired by Hippolyte Taine. Close readings of selected passages from the Rougon-Macquart are used to work out the climatic difference between 'the old' and 'the new Paris', and the process of warming that characterises the Second Empire. Octave Mouret's department store holds a special place in the article, as it is analysed through what the article suggests calling a 'meteorotopos': a location of intensified climatic conditions that accounts for an increased interaction between human and non-human actors. The department store is also one of the many sites in the novel cycle that locally prefigure the 'global' climate catastrophe of Paris burning, in which the Second Empire perishes.}, language = {en} } @article{RohrmannHeermanceKappetal.2013, author = {Rohrmann, Alexander and Heermance, Richard and Kapp, Paul and Cai, Fulong}, title = {Wind as the primary driver of erosion in the Qaidam Basin, China}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {374}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.011}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Deserts are a major source of loess and may undergo substantial wind-erosion as evidenced by yardang fields, deflation pans, and wind-scoured bedrock landscapes. However, there are few quantitative estimates of bedrock removal by wind abrasion and deflation. Here, we report wind-erosion rates in the western Qaidam Basin in central China based on measurements of cosmogenic Be-10 in exhumed Miocene sedimentary bedrock. Sedimentary bedrock erosion rates range from 0.05 to 0.4 mm/yr, although the majority of measurements cluster at 0.125 +/- 0.05 mm/yr. These results, combined with previous work, indicate that strong winds, hyper-aridity, exposure of friable Neogene strata, and ongoing rock deformation and uplift in the western Qaidam Basin have created an environment where wind, instead of water, is the dominant agent of erosion and sediment transport. Its geographic location (upwind) combined with volumetric estimates suggest that the Qaidam Basin is a major source (up to 50\%) of dust to the Chinese Loess Plateau to the east. The cosmogenically derived wind erosion rates are within the range of erosion rates determined from glacial and fluvial dominated landscapes worldwide, exemplifying the effectiveness of wind to erode and transport significant quantities of bedrock.}, language = {en} } @article{HarnischWienges2012, author = {Harnisch, Astrid and Wienges, Sebastian}, title = {Wie Klimaschutz finanzieren?}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81328}, pages = {50 -- 58}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Zur Finanzierung von Klimaschutz m{\"u}ssen {\"o}ffentliche Mittel gezielt eingesetzt werden. Dies beinhaltet auch die Rahmenbedingungen f{\"u}r private Finanzstr{\"o}me signifikant zu verbessern. Anhand einer Problemanalyse bestimmen die Autoren Eckdaten f{\"u}r diese Hebelwirkung. {\"O}ffentliche Anschubfinanzierung kann somit die Grundlage f{\"u}r private Investitionen sein. Dies wird exemplarisch an der Internationalen Klimaschutzinitiative des Bundesumweltministeriums diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @article{Streck2021, author = {Streck, Charlotte}, title = {Strengthening the Paris Agreement by holding non-state actors accountable}, series = {Transnational environmental law}, volume = {10}, journal = {Transnational environmental law}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2047-1025}, doi = {10.1017/S2047102521000091}, pages = {493 -- 515}, year = {2021}, abstract = {While the intergovernmental climate regime increasingly recognizes the role of non-state actors in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement (PA), the normative linkages between the intergovernmental climate regime and the non-state dominated 'transnational partnership governance' remain vague and tentative. A formalized engagement of the intergovernmental climate regime with transnational partnerships can increase the effectiveness of partnerships in delivering on climate mitigation and adaptation, thereby complementing rather than replacing government action. The proposed active engagement with partnerships would include (i) collecting and analyzing information to develop and prioritize areas for transnational and partnership engagement; (ii) defining minimum criteria and procedural requirements to be listed on an enhanced Non-state Actor Zone for Climate Action platform; (iii) actively supporting strategic initiatives; (iv) facilitating market or non-market finance as part of Article 6 PA; and (v) evaluating the effectiveness of partnerships in the context of the enhanced transparency framework (Article 13 PA) and the global stocktake (Article 14 PA). The UNFCCC Secretariat could facilitate engagement and problem solving by actively orchestrating transnational partnerships. Constructing effective implementation partnerships, recording their mitigation and adaptation goals, and holding them accountable may help to move climate talks from rhetoric to action.}, language = {en} } @article{HanRydinBolinderetal.2016, author = {Han, Fang and Rydin, Catarina and Bolinder, Kristina and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Abels, Hemmo A. and Koutsodendris, Andreas and Zhang, Kexin and Hoorn, Carina}, title = {Steppe development on the Northern Tibetan Plateau inferred from Paleogene ephedroid pollen}, series = {Grana}, volume = {55}, journal = {Grana}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Oslo}, issn = {0017-3134}, doi = {10.1080/00173134.2015.1120343}, pages = {71 -- 100}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Steppe vegetation represents a key marker of past Asian aridification and is associated with monsoonal intensification. Little is, however, known about the origin of this pre-Oligocene vegetation, its specific composition and how it changed over time and responded to climatic variations. Here, we describe the morphological characters of Ephedraceae pollen in Eocene strata of the Xining Basin and compare the pollen composition with the palynological composition of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene deposits of the Xining Basin and the Quaternary deposits of the Qaidam Basin. We find that the Late Cretaceous steppe was dominated by Gnetaceaepollenites; in the transition from the Cretaceous to the Paleocene, Gnetaceaepollenites became extinct and Ephedripites subgenus Ephedripites dominated the flora with rare occurrences of Ephedripites subgen. Distachyapites; the middle to late Eocene presents a strong increase of Ephedripites subgen. Distachyapites; and the Quaternary/Recent is marked by a significantly lower diversity of Ephedraceae (and Nitrariaceae) compared to the Eocene. In the modern landscape of China, only a fraction of the Paleogene species diversity of Ephedraceae remains and we propose that these alterations in Ephedreaceae composition occurred in response to the climatic changes at least since the Eocene. In particular, the strong Eocene monsoons that enhanced the continental aridification may have played an important role in the evolution of Ephedripites subgen. Distachyapites triggering an evolutionary shift to wind-pollination in this group. Conceivably, the Ephedraceae/Nitrariaceae dominated steppe ended during the Eocene/Oligocene climatic cooling and aridification, which favoured other plant taxa.}, language = {en} } @article{Roettgen2012, author = {R{\"o}ttgen, Norbert}, title = {Regierungserkl{\"a}rung zu den Ergebnissen der Klimakonferenz in Durban}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81376}, pages = {93 -- 100}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{GanguliPaprotnyHasanetal.2020, author = {Ganguli, Poulomi and Paprotny, Dominik and Hasan, Mehedi and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas and Merz, Bruno}, title = {Projected changes in compound flood hazard from riverine and coastal floods in northwestern Europe}, series = {Earth's future}, volume = {8}, journal = {Earth's future}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2328-4277}, doi = {10.1029/2020EF001752}, pages = {19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Compound flooding in coastal regions, that is, the simultaneous or successive occurrence of high sea levels and high river flows, is expected to increase in a warmer world. To date, however, there is no robust evidence on projected changes in compound flooding for northwestern Europe. We combine projected storm surges and river floods with probabilistic, localized relative sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios to assess the future compound flood hazard over northwestern coastal Europe in the high (RCP8.5) emission scenario. We use high-resolution, dynamically downscaled regional climate models (RCM) to drive a storm surge model and a hydrological model, and analyze the joint occurrence of high coastal water levels and associated river peaks in a multivariate copula-based approach. The RCM-forced multimodel mean reasonably represents the observed spatial pattern of the dependence strength between annual maxima surge and peak river discharge, although substantial discrepancies exist between observed and simulated dependence strength. All models overestimate the dependence strength, possibly due to limitations in model parameterizations. This bias affects compound flood hazard estimates and requires further investigation. While our results suggest decreasing compound flood hazard over the majority of sites by 2050s (2040-2069) compared to the reference period (1985-2005), an increase in projected compound flood hazard is limited to around 34\% of the sites. Further, we show the substantial role of SLR, a driver of compound floods, which has frequently been neglected. Our findings highlight the need to be aware of the limitations of the current generation of Earth system models in simulating coastal compound floods.}, language = {en} } @article{KayaDupontNivetProustetal.2019, author = {Kaya, Mustafa Y{\"u}cel and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Proust, Jean-No{\"e}l and Roperch, Pierrick and Bougeois, Laurie and Meijer, Niels and Frieling, Joost and Fioroni, Chiara and Altiner, Sevin{\c{c}} {\"O}zkan and Vardar, Ezgi and Barbolini, Natasha and Stoica, Marius and Aminov, Jovid and Mamtimin, Mehmut and Zhaojie, Guo}, title = {Paleogene evolution and demise of the proto-Paratethys Sea in Central Asia (Tarim and Tajik basins)}, series = {Basin research}, volume = {31}, journal = {Basin research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0950-091X}, doi = {10.1111/bre.12330}, pages = {461 -- 486}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The proto-Paratethys Sea covered a vast area extending from the Mediterranean Tethys to the Tarim Basin in western China during Cretaceous and early Paleogene. Climate modelling and proxy studies suggest that Asian aridification has been governed by westerly moisture modulated by fluctuations of the proto-Paratethys Sea. Transgressive and regressive episodes of the proto-Paratethys Sea have been previously recognized but their timing, extent and depositional environments remain poorly constrained. This hampers understanding of their driving mechanisms (tectonic and/or eustatic) and their contribution to Asian aridification. Here, we present a new chronostratigraphic framework based on biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy as well as a detailed palaeoenvironmental analysis for the Paleogene proto-Paratethys Sea incursions in the Tajik and Tarim basins. This enables us to identify the major drivers of marine fluctuations and their potential consequences on Asian aridification. A major regional restriction event, marked by the exceptionally thick (<= 400 m) shelf evaporites is assigned a Danian-Selandian age (ca. 63-59 Ma) in the Aertashi Formation. This is followed by the largest recorded proto-Paratethys Sea incursion with a transgression estimated as early Thanetian (ca. 59-57 Ma) and a regression within the Ypresian (ca. 53-52 Ma), both within the Qimugen Formation. The transgression of the next incursion in the Kalatar and Wulagen formations is now constrained as early Lutetian (ca. 47-46 Ma), whereas its regression in the Bashibulake Formation is constrained as late Lutetian (ca. 41 Ma) and is associated with a drastic increase in both tectonic subsidence and basin infilling. The age of the final and least pronounced sea incursion restricted to the westernmost margin of the Tarim Basin is assigned as Bartonian-Priabonian (ca. 39.7-36.7 Ma). We interpret the long-term westward retreat of the proto-Paratethys Sea starting at ca. 41 Ma to be associated with far-field tectonic effects of the Indo-Asia collision and Pamir/Tibetan plateau uplift. Short-term eustatic sea level transgressions are superimposed on this long-term regression and seem coeval with the transgression events in the other northern Peri-Tethyan sedimentary provinces for the 1st and 2nd sea incursions. However, the 3rd sea incursion is interpreted as related to tectonism. The transgressive and regressive intervals of the proto-Paratethys Sea correlate well with the reported humid and arid phases, respectively in the Qaidam and Xining basins, thus demonstrating the role of the proto-Paratethys Sea as an important moisture source for the Asian interior and its regression as a contributor to Asian aridification.}, language = {en} } @article{HierroBurgosFonsecaRamezaniZiaranietal.2019, author = {Hierro, Rodrigo and Burgos Fonseca, Y. and Ramezani Ziarani, Maryam and Llamedo, P. and Schmidt, Torsten and de la Torre, Alejandro and Alexander, P.}, title = {On the behavior of rainfall maxima at the eastern Andes}, series = {Atmospheric Research}, volume = {234}, journal = {Atmospheric Research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0169-8095}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104792}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In this study, we detect high percentile rainfall events in the eastern central Andes, based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) with a spatial resolution of 0.25 × 0.25°, a temporal resolution of 3 h, and for the duration from 2001 to 2018. We identify three areas with high mean accumulated rainfall and analyze their atmospheric behaviour and rainfall characteristics with specific focus on extreme events. Extreme events are defined by events above the 95th percentile of their daily mean accumulated rainfall. Austral summer (DJF) is the period of the year presenting the most frequent extreme events over these three regions. Daily statistics show that the spatial maxima, as well as their associated extreme events, are produced during the night. For the considered period, ERA-Interim reanalysis data, provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with 0.75° x0.75° spatial and 6-hourly temporal resolutions, were used for the analysis of the meso- and synoptic-scale atmospheric patterns. Night- and day-time differences indicate a nocturnal overload of northerly and northeasterly low-level humidity flows arriving from tropical South America. Under these conditions, cooling descending air from the mountains may find unstable air at the surface, giving place to the development of strong local convection. Another possible mechanism is presented here: a forced ascent of the low-level flow due to the mountains, disrupting the atmospheric stratification and generating vertical displacement of air trajectories. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in T-mode is applied to day- and night-time data during the maximum and extreme events. The results show strong correlation areas over each subregion under study during night-time, whereas during day-time no defined patterns are found. This confirms the observed nocturnal behavior of rainfall within these three hotspots.}, language = {en} } @article{WeithoffGaedke2017, author = {Weithoff, Guntram and Gaedke, Ursula}, title = {Mean functional traits of lake phytoplankton reflect seasonal and inter-annual changes in nutrients, climate and herbivory}, series = {Journal of plankton research}, volume = {39}, journal = {Journal of plankton research}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0142-7873}, doi = {10.1093/plankt/fbw072}, pages = {509 -- 517}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Trait-based approaches have become increasingly successful in community ecology. They assume that the distribution of functional traits within communities responds in a predictable way to alterations in environmental forcing and that strong forcing may accelerate such trait changes. We used high frequency measurements of phytoplankton to test these assumptions. We analyzed the seasonal and long-term dynamics of the community trait mean within a multi-dimensional trait space under alternating multifactorial environmental conditions. The community trait mean exhibited a distinct recurrent annual pattern that reflected minor changes in climate, herbivory and nutrients. Independent of early spring conditions, the community trait mean was repeatedly driven into a narrow confined area in the trait space under pronounced herbivory during the clear water phase. The speed of movement was highest at the onset and the relaxation of such strong unidirectional forcing. Thus, our data support the conceptual framework of trait-based ecology that alterations in environmental conditions are systematically tracked by adjustments in the dominant functional trait values and that the speed of trait changes depends on the kind and intensity of the selection pressure. Our approach provides a sensitive tool to detect small functional differences in the community related to subtle differences in forcing.}, language = {en} } @article{KalkuhlSchwerhoffWaha2020, author = {Kalkuhl, Matthias and Schwerhoff, Gregor and Waha, Katharina}, title = {Land tenure, climate and risk management}, series = {Ecological economics}, volume = {171}, journal = {Ecological economics}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0921-8009}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106573}, pages = {16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We analyze to what extent climate conditions affect the prevalence of sharecropping as a form of traditional land tenure. We investigate how sharecropping tenure is related to climate risk and how it interacts with fertilizer use and livestock ownership that both influence production risk. We first develop a stylized theoretical model to illustrate the role of climate for land tenure and production. Our empirical analysis is based on more than 9000 households with considerable heterogeneity in climate conditions across several African countries. We find that farmers in areas with low precipitation are more likely to be sharecroppers. We further find evidence for risk management interaction effects as sharecropping farmers are less likely to own livestock and more likely to use fertilizer. In economies where formal kinds of insurance are unavailable, sharecropping thus functions as a form of insurance and reduces the need for potentially costly risk management strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{HeidarzadehBallatoHassanzadehetal.2017, author = {Heidarzadeh, Ghasem and Ballato, Paolo and Hassanzadeh, Jamshid and Ghassemi, Mohammad R. and Strecker, Manfred}, title = {Lake overspill and onset of fluvial incision in the Iranian Plateau: Insights from the Mianeh Basin}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {469}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.019}, pages = {135 -- 147}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Orogenic plateaus represent a prime example of the interplay between surface processes, climate, and tectonics. This kind of an interplay is thought to be responsible for the formation, preservation, and, ultimately, the destruction of a typical elevated, low-internal relief plateau landscape. Here, we document the timing of intermontane basin filling associated with the formation of a low-relief plateau morphology, followed by basin opening and plateau-flank incision in the northwestern Iranian Plateau of the Arabia Eurasia collision zone. Our new U-Pb zircon ages from intercalated volcanic ashes in exposed plateau basin-fill sediments from the most external plateau basin (Mianeh Basin) document that the basin was internally drained at least between similar to 7 and 4 Ma, and that from similar to 5 to 4 Ma it was characterized by an similar to 2-km-high and similar to 0.5-km-deep lake (Mianeh paleolake), most likely as a result of wetter climatic conditions. At the same time, the eastern margin of the Mianeh Basin (and, therefore, of the Iranian Plateau) experienced limited tectonic activity, as documented by onlapping sediments and smoothed topography. The combination of high lake level and subdued topography at the plateau margin led to lake overspill, which resulted in the cutting of an similar to 1-km-deep bedrock gorge (Amardos) by the Qezel-Owzan River (QOR) beginning at similar to 4 Ma. This was associated with the incision of the plateau landscape and the establishment of fluvial connectivity with the Caspian Sea. Overall, our study emphasizes the interplay between surface and tectonic processes in forming, maintaining, and destroying orogenic plateau morphology, the transitional nature of orogenic plateau landscapes on timescales of 10(6) yr, and, finally, the role played by overspilling in integrating endorheic basins. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{Fuhr2012, author = {Fuhr, Harald}, title = {Klimawandel und Entwicklungspolitik}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81301}, pages = {31 -- 40}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Der Autor diskutiert die Chancen und Risiken bei der Einbindung des S{\"u}dens in die internationale Klimapolitik. Lange Zeit hatten die Entwicklungsl{\"a}nder am wenigsten zum Klimawandel beigetragen, w{\"a}ren aber am st{\"a}rksten von ihm betroffen. Mittlerweile jedoch tragen diese L{\"a}nder in erheblichem Maße selbst zum Klimawandel bei. Allerdings setzen deren Regierungen auf Zeit. Sie erwarten Ressourcentransfers. Dies verst{\"a}rkt auch alte Probleme des ‚Rent-Seeking'.}, language = {de} } @article{Lederer2012, author = {Lederer, Markus}, title = {Klimapolitik zwischen Kyoto und Canc{\´u}n}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81364}, pages = {83 -- 92}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In diesem einleitenden Beitrag des Themenschwerpunktes wird der Hintergrund der internationalen Klimaverhandlungen erl{\"a}utert und die Ergebnisse des Kopenhagen-Akkords vorgestellt. Angesichts des Scheiterns der Kopenhagener Konferenz muss die zeitnahe Schließung eines rechtlich bindenden, globalen Klimaabkommens als unwahrscheinlich gelten. Die Klimapolitik wird zuk{\"u}nftig verst{\"a}rkt auf nationalstaatlicher und transnationaler Ebene erfolgen.}, language = {de} } @article{Hentschel2012, author = {Hentschel, Karl-Martin}, title = {Klimapolitik am Ende?}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81299}, pages = {21 -- 30}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{AichnerMakhmudovRajabovetal.2019, author = {Aichner, Bernhard and Makhmudov, Zafar and Rajabov, Iljomjon and Zhang, Qiong and Pausata, Francesco Salvatore R. and Werner, Martin and Heinecke, Liv and Kuessner, Marie L. and Feakins, Sarah J. and Sachse, Dirk and Mischke, Steffen}, title = {Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation-Evaporation Seasonality Since theLast Glacial Period}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {46}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {23}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2019GL085202}, pages = {13972 -- 13983}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Central Asian Pamir Mountains (Pamirs) are a high-altitude region sensitive to climatic change, with only few paleoclimatic records available. To examine the glacial-interglacial hydrological changes in the region, we analyzed the geochemical parameters of a 31-kyr record from Lake Karakul and performed a set of experiments with climate models to interpret the results. delta D values of terrestrial biomarkers showed insolation-driven trends reflecting major shifts of water vapor sources. For aquatic biomarkers, positive delta D shifts driven by changes in precipitation seasonality were observed at ca. 31-30, 28-26, and 17-14 kyr BP. Multiproxy paleoecological data and modelling results suggest that increased water availability, induced by decreased summer evaporation, triggered higher lake levels during those episodes, possibly synchronous to northern hemispheric rapid climate events. We conclude that seasonal changes in precipitation-evaporation balance significantly influenced the hydrological state of a large waterbody such as Lake Karakul, while annual precipitation amount and inflows remained fairly constant.}, language = {en} } @article{Schunz2012, author = {Schunz, Simon}, title = {Gescheiterte Klimapolitik?}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81347}, pages = {67 -- 72}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Der Kopenhagener Klimagipfel 2009 ist mit Spannung erwartet worden. Erreicht wurde lediglich ein Minimalkonsens. Der Autor liefert eine akteurszentrierte Deutung des Kopenhagener Abkommens und stellt die Frage nach dem Pr{\"a}zedenzcharakter der Verhandlungen: Handelte es sich um ein einmaliges Versagen multilateraler Diplomatie oder um einen Vorgeschmack auf die weltpolitische Routine des 21. Jahrhunderts?}, language = {de} } @article{HortonKhanCahilletal.2020, author = {Horton, Benjamin P. and Khan, Nicole S. and Cahill, Niamh and Lee, Janice S. H. and Shaw, Timothy A. and Garner, Andra J. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Rahmstorf, Stefan}, title = {Estimating global mean sea-level rise and its uncertainties by 2100 and 2300 from an expert survey}, series = {npj Climate and Atmospheric Science}, volume = {3}, journal = {npj Climate and Atmospheric Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-3722}, doi = {10.1038/s41612-020-0121-5}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Sea-level rise projections and knowledge of their uncertainties are vital to make informed mitigation and adaptation decisions. To elicit projections from members of the scientific community regarding future global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise, we repeated a survey originally conducted five years ago. Under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, 106 experts projected a likely (central 66\% probability) GMSL rise of 0.30-0.65 m by 2100, and 0.54-2.15 m by 2300, relative to 1986-2005. Under RCP 8.5, the same experts projected a likely GMSL rise of 0.63-1.32 m by 2100, and 1.67-5.61 m by 2300. Expert projections for 2100 are similar to those from the original survey, although the projection for 2300 has extended tails and is higher than the original survey. Experts give a likelihood of 42\% (original survey) and 45\% (current survey) that under the high-emissions scenario GMSL rise will exceed the upper bound (0.98 m) of the likely range estimated by the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is considered to have an exceedance likelihood of 17\%. Responses to open-ended questions suggest that the increases in upper-end estimates and uncertainties arose from recent influential studies about the impact of marine ice cliff instability on the meltwater contribution to GMSL rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.}, language = {en} } @article{GoldGronewoldSalterio2014, author = {Gold, Anna and Gronewold, Ulfert and Salterio, Steven E.}, title = {Error management in audit firms: error climate, type, and originator}, series = {The accounting review : a journal of the American Accounting Association}, volume = {89}, journal = {The accounting review : a journal of the American Accounting Association}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Accounting Association}, address = {Sarasota}, issn = {0001-4826}, doi = {10.2308/accr-50592}, pages = {303 -- 330}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{Kleinwaechter2012, author = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, title = {Einleitung}, series = {Klimapolitik International}, journal = {Klimapolitik International}, editor = {Kleinw{\"a}chter, Kai}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-6222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81267}, pages = {9 -- 10}, year = {2012}, language = {de} }