@misc{SasMuellerKappeletal.2016, author = {Sas, Claudia and M{\"u}ller, Frank and Kappel, Christian and Kent, Tyler V. and Wright, Stephen I. and Hilker, Monika and Lenhard, Michael}, title = {Repeated inactivation of the first committed enzyme underlies the loss of benzaldehyde emission after the selfing transition in Capsella}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {904}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43801}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438018}, pages = {3313 -- 3319}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The enormous species richness of flowering plants is at least partly due to floral diversification driven by interactions between plants and their animal pollinators [1, 2]. Specific pollinator attraction relies on visual and olfactory floral cues [3-5]; floral scent can not only attract pollinators but also attract or repel herbivorous insects [6-8]. However, despite its central role for plant-animal interactions, the genetic control of floral scent production and its evolutionary modification remain incompletely understood [9-13]. Benzenoids are an important class of floral scent compounds that are generated from phenylalanine via several enzymatic pathways [14-17]. Here we address the genetic basis of the loss of floral scent associated with the transition from outbreeding to selfing in the genus Capsella. While the outbreeding C. grandiflora emits benzaldehyde as a major constituent of its floral scent, this has been lost in the selfing C. rubella. We identify the Capsella CNL1 gene encoding cinnamate: CoA ligase as responsible for this variation. Population genetic analysis indicates that CNL1 has been inactivated twice independently in C. rubella via different novel mutations to its coding sequence. Together with a recent study in Petunia [18], this identifies cinnamate: CoA ligase as an evolutionary hotspot for mutations causing the loss of benzenoid scent compounds in association with a shift in the reproductive strategy of Capsella from pollination by insects to self-fertilization.}, language = {en} } @misc{NowakRussoSchlapbachetal.2015, author = {Nowak, Michael D. and Russo, Giancarlo and Schlapbach, Ralph and Huu, Cuong Nguyen and Lenhard, Michael and Conti, Elena}, title = {The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {879}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43508}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435088}, pages = {19}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background The flowering plant Primula veris is a common spring blooming perennial that is widely cultivated throughout Europe. This species is an established model system in the study of the genetics, evolution, and ecology of heterostylous floral polymorphisms. Despite the long history of research focused on this and related species, the continued development of this system has been restricted due the absence of genomic and transcriptomic resources. Results We present here a de novo draft genome assembly of P. veris covering 301.8 Mb, or approximately 63\% of the estimated 479.22 Mb genome, with an N50 contig size of 9.5 Kb, an N50 scaffold size of 164 Kb, and containing an estimated 19,507 genes. The results of a RADseq bulk segregant analysis allow for the confident identification of four genome scaffolds that are linked to the P. veris S-locus. RNAseq data from both P. veris and the closely related species P. vulgaris allow for the characterization of 113 candidate heterostyly genes that show significant floral morph-specific differential expression. One candidate gene of particular interest is a duplicated GLOBOSA homolog that may be unique to Primula (PveGLO2), and is completely silenced in L-morph flowers. Conclusions The P. veris genome represents the first genome assembled from a heterostylous species, and thus provides an immensely important resource for future studies focused on the evolution and genetic dissection of heterostyly. As the first genome assembled from the Primulaceae, the P. veris genome will also facilitate the expanded application of phylogenomic methods in this diverse family and the eudicots as a whole.}, language = {en} } @misc{JantzenLynchKappeletal.2019, author = {Jantzen, Friederike and Lynch, Joseph H. and Kappel, Christian and H{\"o}fflin, Jona and Skaliter, Oded and Wozniak, Natalia Joanna and Sicard, Adrien and Sas, Claudia and Adebesin, Funmilayo and Ravid, Jasmin and Vainstein, Alexander and Hilker, Monika and Dudareva, Natalia and Lenhard, Michael}, title = {Retracing the molecular basis and evolutionary history of the loss of benzaldehyde emission in the genus Capsella}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {775}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43754}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437542}, pages = {1349 -- 1360}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The transition from pollinator-mediated outbreeding to selfing has occurred many times in angiosperms. This is generally accompanied by a reduction in traits attracting pollinators, including reduced emission of floral scent. In Capsella, emission of benzaldehyde as a main component of floral scent has been lost in selfing C. rubella by mutation of cinnamate-CoA ligase CNL1. However, the biochemical basis and evolutionary history of this loss remain unknown, as does the reason for the absence of benzaldehyde emission in the independently derived selfer Capsella orientalis. We used plant transformation, in vitro enzyme assays, population genetics and quantitative genetics to address these questions. CNL1 has been inactivated twice independently by point mutations in C. rubella, causing a loss of enzymatic activity. Both inactive haplotypes are found within and outside of Greece, the centre of origin of C. rubella, indicating that they arose before its geographical spread. By contrast, the loss of benzaldehyde emission in C. orientalis is not due to an inactivating mutation in CNL1. CNL1 represents a hotspot for mutations that eliminate benzaldehyde emission, potentially reflecting the limited pleiotropy and large effect of its inactivation. Nevertheless, even closely related species have followed different evolutionary routes in reducing floral scent.}, language = {en} }