@techreport{ŠedovaČizmaziovaCook2021,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Šedov{\´a}, Barbora and Čizmaziov{\´a}, Lucia and Cook, Athene},
  title     = {A meta-analysis of climate migration literature},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {29},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-49982},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-499827},
  pages     = {83},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The large literature that aims to find evidence of climate migration delivers mixed findings. This meta-regression analysis i) summarizes direct links between adverse climatic events and migration, ii) maps patterns of climate migration, and iii) explains the variation in outcomes. Using a set of limited dependent variable models, we meta-analyze thus-far the most comprehensive sample of 3,625 estimates from 116 original studies and produce novel insights on climate migration. We find that extremely high temperatures and drying conditions increase migration. We do not find a significant effect of sudden-onset events. Climate migration is most likely to emerge due to contemporaneous events, to originate in rural areas and to take place in middle-income countries, internally, to cities. The likelihood to become trapped in affected areas is higher for women and in low-income countries, particularly in Africa. We uniquely quantify how pitfalls typical for the broader empirical climate impact literature affect climate migration findings. We also find evidence of different publication biases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Zivkovic2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Zivkovic, Velimir},
  title     = {International Rule of Law Through International Investment Law},
  series = {KFG Working Paper Series},
  journal   = {KFG Working Paper Series},
  number    = {16},
  issn      = {2509-3770},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42218},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422181},
  pages     = {33},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In challenging times for international law, there might be a heightened need for both analysis and prescription. The international rule of law as a connecting thread that goes through the global legal order is a particularly salient topic. By providing a working understanding of the content and contexts of the international rule of law, and by taking the regime of international investment law as a case study, this paper argues that assessing 'rise' or 'decline' motions in this sphere warrants a nuanced approach that should recognise parallel positive and negative developments. Whilst prominent procedural and substantive aspects of international investment law strongly align with the international rule of law requirements, numerous challenges threaten the future existence of the regime and appeal of international rule of law more broadly. At the same time, opportunities exist to adapt the substantive decision-making processes in investor-State disputes so to pursue parallel goals of enhancing rule of law at both international and national levels. Through recognising the specificities of interaction between international and national sphere, arbitrators can further reinvigorate the legitimacy of international rule of law through international investment law - benefitting thus the future of both.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{ZimmermannBoos2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Boos, Felix},
  title     = {Bringing States to Justice for Crimes against Humanity},
  series = {KFG Working Paper Series},
  journal   = {KFG Working Paper Series},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {2509-3770},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42203},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-422035},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Draft Art. 15 CCAH attempts to strike a balance between State autonomy and robust judicial supervision. It largely follows Article 22 CERD conditioning the jurisdiction of the ICJ on prior negotiations. Hence, the substance of the clause is interpreted in light of the Court's recent case law, especially Georgia v. Russia. Besides, several issues regarding the scope ratione temporis of the compromissory clause are discussed. The article advances several proposals to further improve the current draft, addressing the missing explicit reference to State responsibility, as well as the relationship between the Court and a possible treaty body, It also proposes to recalibrate the interplay of a requirement of prior negotiations respectively the seizing of a future treaty body on the one hand and provisional measures to be indicated by the Court on the other.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Ziemann2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Ziemann, Niklas},
  title     = {You will receive your money next week!},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {56},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56398},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563983},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Against the background of the increasingly discussed "Linguistic Saving Hypothesis" (Chen, 2013), I studied whether the targeted use of a present tense (close tense) and a future tense (distant tense) within the same language have an impact on intertemporal decision-making. In a monetarily incentivized laboratory experiment in Germany, I implemented two different treatments on intertemporal choices. The treatments differed in the tense in which I referred to future rewards. My results show that individuals prefer to a greater extent rewards which are associated with a present tense (close tense). This result is in line with my prediction and the first empirical support for the Linguistic Saving Hypothesis within one language. However, this result holds exclusively for males. Females seem to be unaffected by the linguistic manipulation. I discuss my findings in the context of "gender-as-culture" as well as their potential policy-implications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Zenker2011,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Zenker, Juliane},
  title     = {Staatsverschuldung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland},
  series = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  journal   = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  number    = {64},
  issn      = {0948-7549},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-55933},
  pages     = {77},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wonke2006,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wonke, Christoph},
  title     = {Das transaktionale Marktversagen als volkswirtschaftliche Begr{\"u}ndung f{\"u}r das kommunalwirtschaftliche System der Hausm{\"u}llentsorgung in Deutschland},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14476},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Inhalt 1 Einleitung 2 Eine skizzenhafte Darstellung des deutschen Systemsder Hausm{\"u}llentsorgung 3 Zum Begriffsverst{\"a}ndnis des Markt- und Wettbewerbsversagens 4 Transaktionales Marktversagen als Begr{\"u}ndung f{\"u}r dasdeutsche System der Hausm{\"u}llentsorgung 4.1 Zur Theorie des transaktionalen Marktversagens 4.1.1 Definition und Formen des transaktionalen Marktversagens 4.1.2 Zu den zentralen Begriffen „Transaktion" und „Transaktionskosten" 4.2 Die Ermittelbarkeit der Transaktionskosten 4.3 Tendenzaussagen zur H{\"o}he der Transaktionskosten mit Hilfe transaktionskostendeterminierenderFaktoren - Theorie und Anwendung 4.3.1 Spezifit{\"a}t 4.3.2 Messbarkeit 4.3.3 Unsicherheit 4.3.4 Transaktionsh{\"a}ufigkeit 4.3.5 Transaktionsatmosph{\"a}re 4.4 Marktpreis und Produktionskosten 4.5 Zum Nutzen der Abfallentsorgung f{\"u}r den privaten Haushalt 4.6 Das Verwaltungsmonopol als alternative, transaktionskostensenkende,nicht-marktliche L{\"o}sung 4.7 Transaktionales Marktversagen als Legitimationsgrundlage f{\"u}r einestaatliche Vorgabe des Koordinationsmechanismus 5 Fazit},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wonke2007,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wonke, Christoph},
  title     = {Wettbewerbsversagen in nat{\"u}rlichen Monopolen als volkswirtschaftliche Rechtfertigung f{\"u}r das kommunalwirtschaftliche System der Hausm{\"u}llentsorgung in Deutschland},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51110},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Inhalt: 1 Einleitung 2 Eine skizzenhafte Darstellung des deutschen Systems der Hausm{\"u}llentsorgung 3 Theoretische Grundlagen der Untersuchung 4 Das nat{\"u}rliche Monopol als Rechtfertigung f{\"u}r das deutsche System der Hausm{\"u}llentsorgung? Ein Kl{\"a}rungsversuch 5 Fazit},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wiener2020,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wiener, Antje},
  title     = {Norm(ative) Change in International Relations},
  series = {KFG Working Paper Series},
  journal   = {KFG Working Paper Series},
  number    = {44},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47607},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476076},
  pages     = {27},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Current contestations of the liberal international order stand in notable contrast with the earlier rise of international law during the post-cold war period. As Krieger and Liese argue, this situation calls for assessment of the type of change that is currently observed, i.e. norm change (Wandel) or a more fundamental transformation of international law - a metamorphosis (Verwandlung)? To address this question, this paper details the bi-focal approach to norms in order to reflect and take account of the complex interrelation between fact-based and value-based conceptions of norms. The paper is organised in three sections. The first section presents three axioms underlying the conceptual framework to study norm(ative) change which are visualised by a triangular operation to analyse this change in relation with practices and norms. The second section recalls three key interests that have guided IR norms research after the return to norms in the late 1980s. They include, first, allocating change in and through practice, second, identifying behavioural change with reference to norm- following, and third, identifying norm(ative) change with reference to discursive practice. The third section presents the two analytical tools of the conceptual frame, namely, the norm-typology and the cycle-grid model. It also indicates how to apply these tools with reference to illustrative case scenarios. The conclusion recalls the key elements of the conceptual framework for research on norm(ative) change in international relations in light of the challenge of establishing sustainable normativity in the global order.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Westerhoff2002,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Westerhoff, Horst-Dieter},
  title     = {Die Zukunft der Argrarpolitik angesichts der EU-Erweiterung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53123},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Westerhoff2007,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Westerhoff, Horst-Dieter},
  title     = {Die amtliche Statistik in der demokratische Gesellschaft},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16180},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Inhalt: Die Statistik als Spiegel der Gesellschaft - Statistik als „Weg in die Realit{\"a}t" - Statistik als Spiegel des politischen Systems Grundelemente der demokratischen Ordnung Statistik und Gewaltenteilung - Das Legalit{\"a}tsprinzip - Die vertikale Gewaltenteilung - Die Internationalisierung der Statistik - Exkurs: Statistik in einem monistischen System Statistik und konkurrierende Willensbildung - Mittel zur Konsensbildung - Die „informationelle Infrastruktur" - Voraussetzungen der Infrastruktur - Statistik in der politischen Diskussion Statistik und partielle politische Integration - Grenzen der amtlichen Statistik - Statistik im staatsfreien Raum - Die Privatisierung der Statistik - Das Volksz{\"a}hlungsurteil},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Weiss2016,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Weiß, Norman},
  title     = {Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit - was hat Resolution 1325 gebracht?},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2509-6974},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92932},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Nowadays, the issues women and peace are connected strongly on the level of UN's security policy as a consequence of resolution 1325 (2000). Which are the legal and factual impli-cations of this development both for the UN and for the Member States? Does their implementation meet the expectations? The study outlines the structure of today's WPS-agenda and discusses how the UN deals with it. Germany's activities to implement her obligations are also discussed.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Weiss2017,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Weiß, Norman},
  title     = {Wie soll Europas Zukunft aussehen?},
  series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere},
  journal   = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2509-6974},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104324},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {At sixty, the European Union once again faces trouble and is in crisis. There is an ongoing discussion on reforming the Union and its future in a changing world. As of 1st March 2017, President Juncker presented the Commission's "White Paper Paper on the Future of Europe" outlining perspectives and inviting to discuss EU's future. This paper aims at contributing to this discussion.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wagner1999,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Vergleich von ringf{\"o}rmiger und sektoraler Stadtstruktur bei Nachbarschaftsexternalit{\"a}ten im monozentrischen System},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13622},
  year      = {1999},
  abstract  = {In der Stadt{\"o}konomie ergeben sich die Formen der sektoralen und der ringf{\"o}rmigen Stadtstruktur als m{\"o}gliche Ergebnisse der Segregation von demographisch verschiedenen Haushalten mit Nachbarschaftsexternalit{\"a}ten. Rose-Ackerman [1973] postuliert, dass die Ringstruktur die Folge der Minimierung der Grenzl{\"a}nge zwischen schwarzen und weißen Haushalten sei. Diese Annahme wird in der New-Urban-Economics-Literatur recht h{\"a}ufig {\"u}bernommen. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der Grundlage eines Alonso-Mills-Muth-Modells gezeigt, dass Rose-Ackermans Hypothese nur in Situationen zul{\"a}ssig ist, in denen eine Gruppe deutlich in der Minderheit ist. In der Mehrheit der m{\"o}glichen Verh{\"a}ltnisse der Gruppengr{\"o}ßen ist eine sektorale Stadtstruktur vorteilhaft. Werden anstelle der Grenzl{\"a}ngen die an der Grenze anfallenden negativen Externalit{\"a}ten verglichen, nimmt der Bereich der Gruppengr{\"o}ßenverh{\"a}ltnisse, in denen die Sektorstruktur vorteilhaft ist, noch zu.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wagner2004,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {A simulation of segregation in cities and its application for the analysis of rent control},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14177},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Social segregation in cities takes place where different household groups exist and when, according to Schelling, their location choice either minimizes the number of differing households in their neighborhood or maximizes their own group. In this contribution an evolutionary simulation based on a monocentric city model with externalities among households is used to discuss the spatial segregation patterns of four groups. The resulting complex spatial patterns can be shown as graphic animations. They can be applied as initial situation for the analysis of the effects a rent control has on segregation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Wagner2000,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Migration in Großst{\"a}dten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13690},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {In der Literatur zur Migration wird h{\"a}ufig die Bedeutung von Migrationsnetzwerken hervorgehoben. Diese erleichtern den Migranten nicht nur die Wanderung selbst, sondern beeinflussen auch ihre Ansiedlung im Aufnahmegebiet. In diesem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung und Wirkung solcher Migrationsnetzwerke f{\"u}r die aktuellen Stadtstrukturen von Großst{\"a}dten der westeurop{\"a}ischen Staaten am Beispiel Deutschlands untersucht. Sie beg{\"u}nstigen Segregationserscheinungen in den Einwanderungsst{\"a}dten, die sich bislang vor allem auf Innenstadtgebiete konzentrierten. In dieser Arbeit werden basierend auf einem mikro{\"o}konischen Modell der Stadt Aussagen {\"u}ber die Ver{\"a}nderung r{\"a}umlicher Siedlungsmuster in den Einwanderungsst{\"a}dten dargestellt. Dabei erf{\"a}hrt die empirische Beobachtung, dass innenstadtgelegene Gebiete mit hohem Migrantenanteilen sich bis zu den Stadtr{\"a}ndern ausweiten, eine theoretische Begr{\"u}ndung.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wagner2002,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Subventionsabbau um jeden Preis?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13818},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In der aktuellen Politik ist seit Beginn der neuen Legislaturperiode Subventionsabbau Gegenstand der politischen Auseinandersetzung. Im Zusammenhang mit der so genannten {\"O}kosteuer ist Ende der 1990er Jahre schon einmal eine ausgiebige Diskussion {\"u}ber die Bedeutung von Subventionen im Transportsektor gef{\"u}hrt worden. Eine konsequente theoretische Abhandlung zu diesem Thema liefert dabei Br{\"o}cker (1998): Er ermittelt die Wirkungen von Subventionen f{\"u}r den Transportsektor im Rahmen eines r{\"a}umlichen Marktmodells und zeigt f{\"u}r eine spezifische Wettbewerbssituation, dass bei einer von mehreren m{\"o}glichen Preissetzungsstrategien Subventionen in einem bestimmten Ausmaß nicht nur die Wohlfahrt erh{\"o}hen, sondern dass das Ausmaß der wohlfahrtsmaximierenden Subventionen mit etwa 70 \% der entfernungsabh{\"a}ngigen Transportkosten durchaus ein hohes Niveau erreicht. In diesem Beitrag werden f{\"u}r eine andere Wettbewerbsform, n{\"a}mlich L{\"o}schwettbewerb, und drei verschiedene Preisstrategien sowohl kurzfristige als langfristige Wohlfahrtseffekte von Subventionen analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine kurzfristige Wohlfahrtsmaximierung langfristig die Wohlfahrt sogar mindern kann, w{\"a}hrend langfristig optimale Subventionen von Fixkosten bestimmt werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wagner2004,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Der r{\"a}umliche Wohnungsmarkt als lokales Mehrproduktmonopol},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14125},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In diesem Beitrag wird das optimale Angebot f{\"u}r einen Wohnungsmarkt bestimmt. Die Nachfrage wird daf{\"u}r aus einem offenen Modell der monozentrischen Stadt hergeleitet. Weiterhin wird davon ausgegangen, dass Wohnungen aufgrund der verschiedenen Standorte und aufgrund weiterer diskreter Wohnungsmerkmale heterogen sind. Der Wohnungsanbieter an einem Standort wird daher als Mehrproduktmonopolist aufgefasst. Als gewinnmaximale Angebotsstruktur zeigt sich, dass unter bestimmten Bedingungen Wohnungen gleichen Typs an verschiedenen Standorten gleich groß sind. Außerdem werden an den jeweiligen Standorten mehrere Wohnungstypen angeboten. Diese beiden Resultate stehen im deutlichen Gegensatz zu Modellen der Neuen Stadt{\"o}konomie, wonach an den Standorten jeweils nur ein Wohnungstyp angeboten wird, dessen Gr{\"o}ße zudem {\"u}ber die verschiedenen Standorte variiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Wagner2004,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Spatial patterns of segregation},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14153},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Usually, in monocentric city models, the spatial patterns of segregated ethnic groups are assumed to be ring-shaped, whereas in the 1930ies Hoyt showed that empirically wedge-shaped areas predominate. In contrast to Rose-Ackerman.s discussion of the in.uence within a ring-shaped pattern which the aversion which different households in the context of racism have, Yinger showed that, depending on the population mix, a wedge-shaped pattern may arise if it is border length which causes the spatial pattern. In this contribution, a simulation based on a monocentric city model with two or more different household groups is used to derive spatial patterns. Wedge-shaped segregation is shown to be the result of positive externalities among similar households. Differences between households only lead to ring-shaped patterns if the e\iect of a city center on spatial structure dominates neighborhood e\iects. If more than two groups of households are being considered, mixed patterns of concentric and wedge-shaped areas arise.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Wagner2004,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Optimal spatial patterns of two, three and four segregated household groups in a monocentric city},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14165},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Usually, in monocentric city models the spatial patterns of segregated household groups are assumed to be ring-shaped, while early in the 1930ies Hoyt showed that wedge-shaped areas empirically predominate. This contribution presents a monocentric city model with different household groups generating positive externalities within the groups. At first, border length is founded as a criterion of optimality. Secondly, it is shown that mixed patterns of concentric and wedge-shaped areas represent multiple equilibria if more than two groups of households are being considered. The welfare optimal segregated pattern depends on the relative purchasing power of different household groups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Wagner2003,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Wagner, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Simulation von sozialer Segregation im monozentrischen Stadtsystem},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13971},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Inhalt 1 Einleitung 2 Allokationsprozess 3 Spezifikationen 4 Ergebnisse 5 Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse 6 Schlussbemerkungen},
  language  = {de}
}