@article{VladovaUllrichBenderetal.2021, author = {Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Students' acceptance of technology-mediated teaching - How it was influenced during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020}, series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636086}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring-summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students' acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study's results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.}, language = {en} } @article{VladovaUllrichBender2021, author = {Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Bender, Benedict}, title = {Chancen und Grenzen digitaler Lehre an Hochschulen aus Studierendenperspektive}, series = {HMD : Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {58}, journal = {HMD : Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2198-2775}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-021-00796-y}, pages = {1313 -- 1326}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The design of qualitative, excellent teaching requires collaboration between teachers and learners. For this purpose, face-to-face teaching benefits from a long-standing tradition, while digital teaching is comparatively still at the beginning of its dissemination. A major developmental step toward the digitization of teaching was achieved in the context of university teaching during the Covid 19 pandemic in spring 2020, when face-to-face teaching was interrupted for months. During this time, important insights into the opportunities and limitations of digital teaching were gained. This paper presents selected results of a study conducted at four German universities and with 875 responses in spring 2020. The study uncovers opportunities and limitations of digital teaching from the students' perspective and against the background of their experience in the completely digital semester. The results are used as a basis for deriving design guidelines for digital teaching and learning offerings. Based on a model for analyzing the design of teaching and learning formats, these indications are structured according to the elements learners, teachers, teaching content, environment and teaching style.}, language = {de} } @article{PanzerBenderGronau2023, author = {Panzer, Marcel and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {A deep reinforcement learning based hyper-heuristic for modular production control}, series = {International journal of production research}, journal = {International journal of production research}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {0020-7543}, doi = {10.1080/00207543.2023.2233641}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In nowadays production, fluctuations in demand, shortening product life-cycles, and highly configurable products require an adaptive and robust control approach to maintain competitiveness. This approach must not only optimise desired production objectives but also cope with unforeseen machine failures, rush orders, and changes in short-term demand. Previous control approaches were often implemented using a single operations layer and a standalone deep learning approach, which may not adequately address the complex organisational demands of modern manufacturing systems. To address this challenge, we propose a hyper-heuristics control model within a semi-heterarchical production system, in which multiple manufacturing and distribution agents are spread across pre-defined modules. The agents employ a deep reinforcement learning algorithm to learn a policy for selecting low-level heuristics in a situation-specific manner, thereby leveraging system performance and adaptability. We tested our approach in simulation and transferred it to a hybrid production environment. By that, we were able to demonstrate its multi-objective optimisation capabilities compared to conventional approaches in terms of mean throughput time, tardiness, and processing of prioritised orders in a multi-layered production system. The modular design is promising in reducing the overall system complexity and facilitates a quick and seamless integration into other scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{PanzerBenderGronau2022, author = {Panzer, Marcel and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Neural agent-based production planning and control}, series = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, volume = {65}, journal = {Journal of Manufacturing Systems}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0278-6125}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.10.019}, pages = {743 -- 766}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Nowadays, production planning and control must cope with mass customization, increased fluctuations in demand, and high competition pressures. Despite prevailing market risks, planning accuracy and increased adaptability in the event of disruptions or failures must be ensured, while simultaneously optimizing key process indicators. To manage that complex task, neural networks that can process large quantities of high-dimensional data in real time have been widely adopted in recent years. Although these are already extensively deployed in production systems, a systematic review of applications and implemented agent embeddings and architectures has not yet been conducted. The main contribution of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners with an overview of applications and applied embeddings and to motivate further research in neural agent-based production. Findings indicate that neural agents are not only deployed in diverse applications, but are also increasingly implemented in multi-agent environments or in combination with conventional methods — leveraging performances compared to benchmarks and reducing dependence on human experience. This not only implies a more sophisticated focus on distributed production resources, but also broadening the perspective from a local to a global scale. Nevertheless, future research must further increase scalability and reproducibility to guarantee a simplified transfer of results to reality.}, language = {en} } @article{PanzerBender2021, author = {Panzer, Marcel and Bender, Benedict}, title = {Deep reinforcement learning in production systems}, series = {International Journal of Production Research}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal of Production Research}, number = {60}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1366-588X}, doi = {10.1080/00207543.2021.1973138}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Shortening product development cycles and fully customizable products pose major challenges for production systems. These not only have to cope with an increased product diversity but also enable high throughputs and provide a high adaptability and robustness to process variations and unforeseen incidents. To overcome these challenges, deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been increasingly applied for the optimization of production systems. Unlike other machine learning methods, deep RL operates on recently collected sensor-data in direct interaction with its environment and enables real-time responses to system changes. Although deep RL is already being deployed in production systems, a systematic review of the results has not yet been established. The main contribution of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners an overview of applications and to motivate further implementations and research of deep RL supported production systems. Findings reveal that deep RL is applied in a variety of production domains, contributing to data-driven and flexible processes. In most applications, conventional methods were outperformed and implementation efforts or dependence on human experience were reduced. Nevertheless, future research must focus more on transferring the findings to real-world systems to analyze safety aspects and demonstrate reliability under prevailing conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{HauptBenderFabianetal.2018, author = {Haupt, Johannes and Bender, Benedict and Fabian, Benjamin and Lessmann, Stefan}, title = {Robust identification of email tracking}, series = {European Journal of Operational Research}, volume = {271}, journal = {European Journal of Operational Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0377-2217}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejor.2018.05.018}, pages = {341 -- 356}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather data without user consent or awareness. Striving to increase privacy in email communication, this paper develops a detection engine to be the core of a selective tracking blocking mechanism in the form of three contributions. First, a large collection of email newsletters is analyzed to show the wide usage of tracking over different countries, industries and time. Second, we propose a set of features geared towards the identification of tracking images under real-world conditions. Novel features are devised to be computationally feasible and efficient, generalizable and resilient towards changes in tracking infrastructure. Third, we test the predictive power of these features in a benchmarking experiment using a selection of state-of-the-art classifiers to clarify the effectiveness of model-based tracking identification. We evaluate the expected accuracy of the approach on out-of-sample data, over increasing periods of time, and when faced with unknown senders. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{HaaseVladovaBender2022, author = {Haase, Jennifer and Vladova, Gergana and Bender, Benedict}, title = {Dating on a different stage, but with the same habits}, series = {PsyArXiv}, journal = {PsyArXiv}, number = {245}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/kj68b}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study aims to compare online vs. offline flirting and dating behavior using the example of the location-based real-time dating (LBRTD) app Tinder, a popular dating platform. We focus on persons' self-descriptions like self-esteem, social desirability, state social anxiety, and adjustment behavior on Tinder and the perceived data privacy of the app. Data was gathered using a survey approach with Tinder users reporting their behavior in offline and online settings. The comparison between offline and online behavior was made using Response Surface Analysis. The results suggest that the different conditions of the natural and digital worlds do not influence the individual's behavior and emotional perception. The results are analyzed and discuss gender, age, motivation to use the app, and the user's relationship status.}, language = {en} } @article{GrumBenderAlfaetal.2018, author = {Grum, Marcus and Bender, Benedict and Alfa, A. S. and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {A decision maxim for efficient task realization within analytical network infrastructures}, series = {Decision support systems : DSS ; the international journal}, volume = {112}, journal = {Decision support systems : DSS ; the international journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-9236}, doi = {10.1016/j.dss.2018.06.005}, pages = {48 -- 59}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Faced with the increasing needs of companies, optimal dimensioning of IT hardware is becoming challenging for decision makers. In terms of analytical infrastructures, a highly evolutionary environment causes volatile, time dependent workloads in its components, and intelligent, flexible task distribution between local systems and cloud services is attractive. With the aim of developing a flexible and efficient design for analytical infrastructures, this paper proposes a flexible architecture model, which allocates tasks following a machine-specific decision heuristic. A simulation benchmarks this system with existing strategies and identifies the new decision maxim as superior in a first scenario-based simulation.}, language = {en} } @article{GronauUlrichBender2017, author = {Gronau, Norbert and Ulrich, Andre and Bender, Benedict}, title = {Hybride Lernfabrik im Anwendungszentrum Industrie 4.0}, series = {Industrial Internet of Things in der Arbeits- und Betriebsorganisation}, journal = {Industrial Internet of Things in der Arbeits- und Betriebsorganisation}, publisher = {Gito}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-95545-225-4}, pages = {1 -- 23}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{GronauBenderBertheauetal.2021, author = {Gronau, Norbert and Bender, Benedict and Bertheau, Clementine and Lauppe, Hannah}, title = {Robotic Process Automation statt neuem ERP-System}, series = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, volume = {17}, journal = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, number = {1}, publisher = {GITO mbH Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1860-6725}, doi = {10.30844/ERP_21-1_29-32}, pages = {29 -- 32}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Robotic Process Automation (RPA) steht f{\"u}r die softwareunterst{\"u}tzte Bedienung von Softwarel{\"o}sungen {\"u}ber deren Benutzeroberfl{\"a}che. Das prim{\"a}re Ziel, das mit RPA erreicht werden soll, ist die automatisierte Ausf{\"u}hrung von Routineaufgaben, die bisher einen menschlichen Eingriff erforderten. Das Potenzial von RPA, Prozesse langfristig zu verbessern, ist allerdings stark begrenzt. Die Automatisierung von Prozessen und die {\"U}berbr{\"u}ckung von Medienbr{\"u}chen auf der Front-End-Ebene f{\"u}hrt zu einer Vielzahl von Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten und Bedingungen, die in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst werden. Der Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Unternehmensarchitektur (bestehend aus Prozessen und Systemen) erfordert offene, adaptive Systeme mit moderner Architektur, die sich durch ein hohes Maß an Interoperabilit{\"a}t auf verschiedenen Ebenen auszeichnen.}, language = {de} } @article{FabianBenderHesseldiecketal.2020, author = {Fabian, Benjamin and Bender, Benedict and Hesseldieck, Ben and Haupt, Johannes and Lessmann, Stefan}, title = {Enterprise-grade protection against e-mail tracking}, series = {Information Systems}, journal = {Information Systems}, number = {97}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0306-4379}, doi = {10.1016/j.is.2020.101702}, year = {2020}, abstract = {E-mail tracking provides companies with fine-grained behavioral data about e-mail recipients, which can be a threat for individual privacy and enterprise security. This problem is especially severe since e-mail tracking techniques often gather data without the informed consent of the recipients. So far e-mail recipients lack a reliable protection mechanism. This article presents a novel protection framework against e-mail tracking that closes an impor- tant gap in the field of enterprise security and privacy-enhancing technologies. We conceptualize, implement and evaluate an anti-tracking mail server that is capable of identifying tracking images in e-mails via machine learning with very high accuracy, and can selectively replace them with arbitrary images containing warning messages for the recipient. Our mail protection framework implements a selective prevention strategy as enterprise-grade software using the design science research paradigm. It is flexibly extensible, highly scalable, and ready to be applied under actual production conditions. Experimental evaluations show that these goals are achieved through solid software design, adoption of recent technologies and the creation of novel flexible software components.}, language = {en} } @article{BenderTeichmannUllrich2017, author = {Bender, Benedict and Teichmann, Malte and Ullrich, Andre}, title = {Mobile IIoT-Technologien als Erfolgsfaktor f{\"u}r Fertigung und Lernszenarien}, series = {Industrial Internet of Things in der Arbeits- und Betriebsorganisation}, journal = {Industrial Internet of Things in der Arbeits- und Betriebsorganisation}, publisher = {Gito}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-95545-225-4}, pages = {235 -- 257}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{BenderLewandowski2022, author = {Bender, Benedict and Lewandowski, Stefanie}, title = {Potenziale plattformbasierter Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle im Kunststoffspritzguss}, series = {Industrie 4.0 Management : Gegenwart und Zukunft industrieller Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse}, volume = {38}, journal = {Industrie 4.0 Management : Gegenwart und Zukunft industrieller Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse}, number = {6}, publisher = {GITO mbH Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2364-9208}, doi = {10.30844/IM_22-6_14-18}, pages = {14 -- 18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die Potenziale plattformbasierter Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 sind bisher nicht vollst{\"a}ndig erschlossen. Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r Plattformen und {\"o}kosystembasierte Wertsch{\"o}pfung variieren zwischen Industrien. Die Kunststoffindustrie ist dahingehend bisher weitestgehend unber{\"u}cksichtigt. Aufgrund der Industriestruktur, insb. der einheitlichen Wertsch{\"o}pfungsstrukturen eignet sich die Kunststoffindustrie f{\"u}r den Einsatz digitaler Plattformen. Neben Ans{\"a}tzen f{\"u}r Plattformen in der Spritzgussindustrie bietet der Beitrag ein Vorgehensmodell f{\"u}r die Erweiterung etablierte Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle. Somit kann der Einstieg in plattformbasierte Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle f{\"u}r KMUs erleichtert werden.}, language = {de} } @article{BenderKoerppen2022, author = {Bender, Benedict and K{\"o}rppen, Tim}, title = {Integriert statt isoliert}, series = {Digital business : cloud}, volume = {26}, journal = {Digital business : cloud}, number = {1}, publisher = {WIN-Verlag GmbH \& Co. KG}, address = {Vaterstetten}, issn = {2510-344X}, pages = {26 -- 27}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Dass Daten und Analysen Innovationstreiber sind und nicht mehr nur einen Hygienefaktor darstellen, haben viele Unternehmen erkannt. Um Potenziale zu heben, m{\"u}ssen Daten zielf{\"u}hrend integriert werden. Komplexe Systemlandschaften und isolierte Datenbest{\"a}nde erschweren dies. Technologien f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von datengetriebenem Management m{\"u}ssen richtig eingesetzt werden.}, language = {de} } @article{BenderKoerppen2021, author = {Bender, Benedict and K{\"o}rppen, Tim}, title = {Data Warehouse, Data Lake oder Data Platform}, series = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, volume = {17}, journal = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, number = {6}, publisher = {GITO mbH Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1860-6725}, pages = {34 -- 37}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Digitalisierung des deutschen Mittelstandes schreitet weiterhin schleppend voran. So verf{\"u}gt zwar ein wachsender Teil dieser Unternehmen {\"u}ber vereinzelte Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme, die zielf{\"u}hrende Vernetzung und Integration dieser Systeme stellt jedoch weiterhin eine große Aufgabe dar [1]. Besonders vor dem Hintergrund wachsender Bed{\"u}rfnisse f{\"u}r Informationen und Transparenz sehen sich Unternehmen zunehmend mit der analyseorientierten Nutzbarmachung der Unternehmensdaten konfrontiert [2].}, language = {de} } @article{BenderKorjahnGronau2024, author = {Bender, Benedict and Korjahn, Nicolas and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Erfolgreich auf Handelsplattformen}, series = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, volume = {20}, journal = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen}, number = {1}, publisher = {GITO mbH - Verlag f{\"u}r Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1860-6725}, pages = {76 -- 82}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Obwohl Handelsplattformen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen, besteht im deutschsprachigen Raum ein Mangel an umfassenden Markt{\"u}bersichten. Dadurch fehlt es Verk{\"a}ufern, potenziellen Plattformbetreibern und Kunden an einer soliden Grundlage f{\"u}r fundierte Entscheidungen. Das {\"a}ndern wir mit folgendem Beitrag. Erfahren Sie hier das Wichtigste {\"u}ber den rasant wachsenden Markt der Handelsplattformen.}, language = {de} } @article{BenderHeine2022, author = {Bender, Benedict and Heine, Moreen}, title = {Government as a Platform?}, series = {Journal of Data Intelligence}, volume = {3}, journal = {Journal of Data Intelligence}, number = {1}, publisher = {Rinton Press}, address = {New Jersey}, issn = {2577-610X}, doi = {10.26421/JDI3.1-5}, pages = {169 -- 187}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Digital platforms, by their design, allow the coordination of multiple entities to achieve a common goal. In the public sector, different understandings of the platform concept prevail. To guide the development and further re-search a coherent understanding is required. To address this gap, we identify the constitutive elements of platforms in the public sector. Moreover, their potential to coordinate partially autonomous entities as typical for federal organized states is highlighted. This study contributes through a uniform understanding of public service platforms by providing a framework with constitutive elements, that may guide future analysis. Apart from chance regarding coordination, platforms are well suited to support contextual eGovernment targets. Among them is service personalization. Highly individualized service offerings support targets such as No Stop government. To this end, the paper extends the framework for service personalization in the public sector and exemplifies related aspects using a reference case.}, language = {en} } @article{BenderGronau2021, author = {Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Coring on digital software platforms}, series = {Schriften zur Business Analytics und zum Informationsmanagement}, journal = {Schriften zur Business Analytics und zum Informationsmanagement}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-34798-7}, issn = {2946-0670}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_4}, pages = {45 -- 77}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Today's mobile devices are part of powerful business ecosystems, which usually involve digital platforms. To better understand the complex phenomenon of coring and related dynamics, this paper presents a case study comparing iMessage as part of Apple's iOS and WhatsApp. Specifically, it investigates activities regarding platform coring, as the integration of several functionalities provided by third-party applications in the platform core. The paper makes three contributions. First, a systematization of coring activities is developed. Coring modes are differentiated by the amount of coring and application maintenance. Second, the case study revealed that the phenomenon of platform coring is present on digital platforms for mobile devices. Third, the fundamentals of coring are discussed as a first step towards theoretical development. Even though coring constitutes a potential threat for third-party developers regarding their functional differentiation, an idea of what a beneficial partnership incorporating coring activities could look like is developed here.}, language = {en} } @article{BenderBertheauKoerppenetal.2022, author = {Bender, Benedict and Bertheau, Clementine and K{\"o}rppen, Tim and Lauppe, Hannah and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {A proposal for future data organization in enterprise systems}, series = {Information systems and e-business management}, volume = {20}, journal = {Information systems and e-business management}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1617-9846}, doi = {10.1007/s10257-022-00555-6}, pages = {441 -- 494}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The digital transformation sets new requirements to all classes of enterprise systems in companies. ERP systems in particular, which represent the dominant class of enterprise systems, are struggling to meet the new requirements at all levels of the architecture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider the overall architecture of the systems and address the root of the related issues. Given that many restrictions ERP pose on their adaptability are related to the standardization of data, the database layer of ERP systems is addressed. Since database serve as the foundation for data storage and retrieval, they limit the flexibility of enterprise systems and the chance to adapt to new requirements accordingly. So far, relational databases are widely used. Using a systematic literature approach, recent requirements for ERP systems were identified. Prominent database approaches were assessed against the 23 requirements identified. The results reveal the strengths and weaknesses of recent database approaches. To this end, the results highlight the demand to combine multiple database approaches to fulfill recent business requirements. From a conceptual point of view, this paper supports the idea of federated databases which are interoperable to fulfill future requirements and support business operation. This research forms the basis for renewal of the current generation of ERP systems and proposes to ERP vendors to use different database concepts in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{Bender2020, author = {Bender, Benedict}, title = {The impact of integration on application success and customer satisfaction in mobile device platforms}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering : the international journal of Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {62}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering : the international journal of Wirtschaftsinformatik}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-020-00629-0}, pages = {515 -- 533}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Digital software platforms allow third parties to develop applications and thus extend their functionality. Platform owners provide platform boundary resources that allow for application development. For developers, platform integration, understood as the employment of platform resources, helps to realize application functionality effectively. Simultaneously, it requires integration effort and increases dependencies. Developers are interested to know whether integration contributes to success in hypercompetitive platform settings. While aspects of platform participation have been studied, research on a comprehensive notion of integration and related implications are missing. By proposing a platform integration model, this study supports a better understanding of integration. Concerning dynamics related to integration, effects were tested using information from over 82,000 Apple AppStore applications. Regression model analysis reveals that application success and customer satisfaction is positively influenced by platform integration. To achieve superior results, developers should address multiple aspects of integration, such as devices, data, the operating system, the marketplace as well as other applications, and provide updates. Finally, the study highlights the importance for all platform participants and their possibilities to employ integration as a strategic instrument.}, language = {en} }