@misc{WarschburgerCalvanoRichteretal.2015,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86570},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others' attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normalweight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants' own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one's own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerCalvanoRichteretal.2015,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females},
  series = {PLoS one},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  address   = {Lawrence, Kan.},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0140813},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others' attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normalweight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants' own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one's own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerCalvanoRichteretal.2015,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females: An Eye-Movement Study},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0140813},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others' attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normal-weight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants' own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one's own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WidmannEngbertSchroeger2014,
  author    = {Widmann, Andreas and Engbert, Ralf and Schroeger, Erich},
  title     = {Microsaccadic responses indicate fast categorization of sounds: A novel approach to study auditory cognition},
  series = {The journal of neuroscience},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {The journal of neuroscience},
  number    = {33},
  publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0270-6474},
  doi       = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1568-14.2014},
  pages     = {11152 -- 11158},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The mental chronometry of the human brain's processing of sounds to be categorized as targets has intensively been studied in cognitive neuroscience. According to current theories, a series of successive stages consisting of the registration, identification, and categorization of the sound has to be completed before participants are able to report the sound as a target by button press after similar to 300-500 ms. Here we use miniature eye movements as a tool to study the categorization of a sound as a target or nontarget, indicating that an initial categorization is present already after 80-100 ms. During visual fixation, the rate of microsaccades, the fastest components of miniature eye movements, is transiently modulated after auditory stimulation. In two experiments, we measured microsaccade rates in human participants in an auditory three-tone oddball paradigm (including rare nontarget sounds) and observed a difference in the microsaccade rates between targets and nontargets as early as 142 ms after sound onset. This finding was replicated in a third experiment with directed saccades measured in a paradigm in which tones had to be matched to score-like visual symbols. Considering the delays introduced by (motor) signal transmission and data analysis constraints, the brain must have differentiated target from nontarget sounds as fast as 80-100 ms after sound onset in both paradigms. We suggest that predictive information processing for expected input makes higher cognitive attributes, such as a sound's identity and category, available already during early sensory processing. The measurement of eye movements is thus a promising approach to investigate hearing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaikinRosenblumScheffczyketal.1997,
  author    = {Zaikin, Alexei A. and Rosenblum, Michael and Scheffczyk, Christian and Engbert, Ralf and Krampe, Ralf-Thomas and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Modeling qualitative changes in bimanual movements},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}